文档内容
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2016)
-GRADEFOUR-
TIMELIMIT:130MIN
PARTⅠ DICTATION [10MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first
reading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listen andtry tounderstandthe meaning.For thesecondand third
reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The
last reading will be done atnormalspeed again and during this timeyou should check your work.You will then
begivenONEminutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.
PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE.
PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPERHESION [20MIN]
SECTIONA TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at
the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure
whatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocheckyourwork.
SECTIONB CONVERSATINS
Inthissectionyouwillhear twoconversations.Atthe endofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeasked
aboutwhatwas said.Boththe conversations andthe questions willbespokenONCE ONLY.After eachquestion
there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D],
andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.
Nowlistentotheconversations.
ConversationOne
1.[A]Totellthemanthathehasbeenshortlistedforinterview.
[B]Toaskthemanafewquestionsabouthisinterview.
[C]Toexplaintothemanhowtomakeapresentation.
[D]Totellthemantheprocedureoftheinterview.
2.[A]Questionsrelatedtothejob.
[B]Generalquestionsabouthimself.
[C]SpecificquestionsabouthisCV.
[D]Questionsabouthisfutureplan.
3.[A]Questionsfromtheinterviewers.
[B]Questionsfromtheinterviewee.
[C]Presentationfromtheinterviewee.
[D]Requestsfromtheinterviewee.
4.[A]Educationalandprofessionalbackground.
[B]Problemsbehasfacedandsolved.
[C]Majorsuccessesinhiscareersofar.
[D]Companyfutureandhiscontribution.
5.[A]11a.m.,nextTuesday. [B]11a.m.,nextThursday.
[C]9a.m.,thisTuesday. [D]9a.m.,thisThursday.ConversationTwo
6.[A]Thedisadvantagesofcollegeloans.
[B]Governmentfinancingincollegeeducation.
[C]Howtohandletheproblemofcollegeloans.
[D]Howcollegestudentspayfortheireducation.
7.[A]Ithasincreasedby6to8%.
[B]Ithasincreasedby8to10%.
[C]Ithasdecreasedby6to8%.
[D]Ithasdecreasedby8to10%.
8.[A]Student’sfamilyincome.
[B]Firstyearsalaryaftergraduation.
[C]Afixedamountof30,000dollars.
[D]Paymentinthenexttenyears.
9.[A]Studentscanborrowmoneyfirst.
[B]Studentspaynotaxonsavings.
[C]Studentspaylesstaxaftergraduation.
[D]Studentswithdrawwithoutpayingtax.
10.[A]Givingupcharitableorvolunteerwork.
[B]Neglectingtheirstudyatcollege.
[C]Givingupfurthereducation.
[D]Neglectinghighsalaryinjob-seeking.
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGEUSAGE [10MIN]
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked [A]. [B],
[C]and[D].Chooseonewordphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
11.HowcanIconcentrateifyou__________continually__________mewithsillyquestions?
[A]have…interrupted [B]had…interrupted
[C]are…interrupting [D]were…interrupting
12.Amongthefoursentencesbelow,Sentence__________expressthehighestdegreeofpossibility.
[A]Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
[B]Itmighttakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
[C]Itcouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
[D]Itshouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
13.Sheisabetterspeakerthan__________intheclass.
[A]anyboy [B]theotherboys [C]otheranygirl [D]allthegirls
14.Nobodyheardhimsing,__________?
[A]didone [B]didhe [C]didn’tthey [D]didthey
15.Ican’tputupwith__________.
[A]thatfriendofyou [B]thatfriendofyours
[C]thefriendofyou [D]thefriendofyours
16.Therehasbeenanincreasingnumberof__________inprimaryschoolsinpastfewyears.
[A]manteacher [B]menteacher [C]manteachers [D]menteachers
17.Thisisoneoftheissuesthatdeserve__________.
[A]beingmentioned [B]mentioning [C]tomention [D]formention
18.Theaudience__________excitedonseeing__________favoritestarglideontothestage.
[A]were…their [B]were…its [C]was…their [D]was…one’s
19.__________youradvice,Iwouldhavemadethewrongdecision.[A]Hadn’titbeenfor [B]Haditnotbeenfor
[C]Haditbeenfor [D]Hadnotitbeenfor
20.ThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmoneyexpressthespeaker’s__________.
[A]hope [B]joy [C]regret [D]relief
21.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to __________ the family and
communitytherewouldbeathoroughinvestigationintohisdeath.
[A]ensure [B]insure [C]assure [D]ascertain
22.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed and its handling of the
__________.
[A]consequence [B]outcome [C]result [D]aftermath
23.TheForeignSecretarytriedto__________doubtsabouthishandlingofthecrisis.
[A]dispel [B]expel [C]repel [D]quell
24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who
__________theresourcestobuildaportfolio.
[A]deprive [B]lack [C]yearn [D]attain
25.Chris ran __________ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck __________ an easy
rapport.
[A]into…up [B]on…into [C]across…on [D]against…into
26.“I’mleavingthecountrysoon,”hetolda__________convenedgroupofreporters.
[A]especially [B]particularly [C]specially [D]specifically
27.IsraelandHamas hadreachedadealonextendingthe__________ceasefirebyanextra24hoursuntilTuesday
atmidnight.
[A]contemporary [B]makeshift [C]spontaneous [D]temporary
28.__________ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should
probablyeaseyourselfintothenewarrangementbykeepingaveryregularscheduleforseveralweeks.
[A]Due [B]Prior [C]Related [D]Thanks
29.If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during
__________upper-bodymovement.
[A]valiant [B]variable [C]vigilant [D]vigorous
30.Finningisacruel__________inwhichtheshark’sfinsareloppedoff,andthelivesharkisthrownbacktosea.
[A]reality [B]truth [C]practice [D]skill
PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the
corresponding blank.Thewordscanbeused ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter foreachwordonANSWER SHEET
TWO.
A.ample B.combinations C.directly D.disseminated E.generations
F.genuinely G.instead H.lists I.promulgated J.publicized
K.scant L.shaped M.sophisticated N.transplanted O.virtual
Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no
cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no
ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no
newspapers, no tax returns. But such (31) __________ of subjects almost miss the point.The world we live in hasbeenindelibly marked bythe written word,(32)__________bythetechnologyof writingoverthousands ofyears.
Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and (33) __________their laws in writing. Scribes administered great
empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex
societies. Religious traditions were passed onthrough (34)__________ , and spread to others, in writing. Scientific
and technological progress was achieved and __________ (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce
could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world
without writing would bear (36)__________ resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a (37)
__________necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other
societiesbythecomplexityofitssocialorganization,byitsconstructionofcities andlargepublicbuildings, andby
the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not(38)__________ involved in food procurement
or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a (39)
__________system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all
developedasystemofwriting.OnlythePeruviancivilizationoftheIncasandtheirpredecessorsdidnotusewriting
but(40)__________inventedasystemofkeepingrecordsonknottedcolor-codedstringsknownasquipu.
PART Ⅴ READINGCOMPREHENSION [35MIN]
SECTIONA MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
In this sectionthere are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice
question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the
bestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1)WhenIwas twenty-seven years old,Iwas amining-broker’s clerkinSan Francisco, andanexpertinallthe
detailsofstocktraffic.Iwasaloneintheworld,andhadnothingtodependuponbutmywitsandacleanreputation;
buttheseweresettingmyfeetintheroadtoeventualfortune,andIwascontentwiththeprospect.Mytimewasmy
ownafter the afternoonboard, Saturdays, andI was accustomed to putting it in ona little sail-boaton the bay.One
dayIventuredtoofar,andwascarriedouttosea.Justatnightfall,whenhopewasaboutgone,Iwaspickedupbya
small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage
without pay, as a common sailor.When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had
onlyadollarinmypocket.Thismoneyfedandshelteredmetwenty-fourhours.Duringthenexttwenty-fourIwent
withoutfoodandshelter.
(2)Aboutteno’clockonthefollowingmorning,dirtyandhungry,IwasdraggingmyselfalongPortlandPlace,
whenachildthatwaspassing,towedbyanurse-maid,tossedabigpear—minusonebite—intothegutter.Istopped,
of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it,
my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and
of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking aboutthe pear at
all.Thissamethingkepthappeningandhappening,andIcouldn’tgetthepear.
(3) I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was
raised,andagentlemanspokeoutofit,saying:“Stepinhere,please.”
(4) I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen
were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the
sightoftheremainsofitalmostoverpoweredme.Icouldhardlykeepmywitstogetherinthepresenceofthatfood,
butasIwasnotaskedtosampleit,IhadtobearmytroubleasbestasIcould.
(5)Now,somethinghadbeenhappeningtherealittlebefore,whichIdidnotknowanythingaboutuntilagood
many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot
argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way ofsettlingeverything.
(6) You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used
for aspecialpurpose connectedwith some public transactionwith aforeign country.For some reasonor otheronly
one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers chatting
along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who
should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no
way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he
wouldn’t. BrotherAsaid he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot.
So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty
days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. BrotherAtook him up. Brother B went down to the Bank
andboughtthatnote.Thenhedictatedaletter,whichoneofhisclerkswroteoutinabeautifulroundhand,andthen
thetwobrotherssatatthewindowawholedaywatchingfortherightmantogiveitto.
(7)Ifinallybecamethepickofthem.
41.InPara.1,thephrase“setmyfeet”probablymeans__________.
A.putmeaside B.prepareme C.letmewalk D.startmyjourney
42.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.2that__________.
A.themanwantedtomaintaindignitythoughstarved
B.themancouldnotgetaproperchancetoeatthepear
C.themandidnotreallywantthepearsinceitwasdirty
D.itwasverydifficultforthemantogetthepear
43.Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more __________ towards the effect of the one-million-pound
bank-noteonatotalstrange.
A.neutral B.negative C.reserved D.positive
PASSAGETWO
(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet
people.Insomelanguage,thephrasesforgreetingscontainthewordforpeace.Insomecultureswegreetpeopleby
shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons —that we come in peace.And
there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a
fewofthem.
Thedove
(2) The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In
ancientGreek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewalof life. In ancientJapana dove carrying a sword
symbolizedtheendofwar.
(3)Therewas atradition in Europethatif dove flew aroundahousewhere someonewasdying thentheir soul
would be at peace.And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In
Christianart,thedovewasusedtosymbolizedtheHolyGhostandwasoftenpaintedaboveChrist’shead.
(4)ButitwasPabloPicassowhomadethedoveamodernsymbolofpeacewhenheuseditonaposterforthe
WorldPeaceCongressin1949.
Therainbow
(5) The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human
beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associatedwith Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the
gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In
the Bible a rainbowshowed Noahthatthe Biblical floodwas finally over,and thatGodhad forgiven his people.In
the Chinesetradition, therainbow is a common symbolfor marriage becausethe coloursrepresentthe unionof yin
andyang. Nowadays the rainbowis usedbymanypopular movementsfor peaceandtheenvironment, representingthepossibilityofabetterworldinthefutureandpromisingsunshineafterrain.
Mistletoe
(6) This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the
tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology.
ThegoddessFreya’ssonwas killedbyanarrow madeofmistletoe,so,inhonourofhim,shedeclaredthatitwould
alwaysbeasymbolofpeace.Itwasoftenhungindoorwaysasasignoffriendship.
(7) The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits.
Tribeswould stop fighting for a period of time ifthey founda tree with mistletoe. Butyou will never see mistletoe
inaChristianchurch — itisbannedbecauseofitsassociationswithpaganreligionandsuperstition.
Theolivebranch
(8)The olive treehas always beena valuable source of foodandoil. In Greekmythology,the goddessAthena
gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one
knowsforsurewhenorwhyitbegantosymbolizepeace.ThereisprobablyaconnectionwithancientGreece.Wars
between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches.
The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only
becultivatedsuccessfullyinlongperiodsofpeace.Whateverthehistory,theolivebranchis apartofmanymodern
flagssymbolizingpeaceandunity.Onewell-knownexampleistheUnitedNationssymbol.
Theankh
(9)Theankhisanancientsymbolwhichwasadoptedbythehippiemovementinthe1960s torepresentpeace
and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life
and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The
symbolwasalsofoundalongthesidesoftheNile,whichgavelife tothepeople.Theybelieved thattheankh could
controltheflowoftheriverandmakesurethattherewasalwaysenoughwater.
44.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ConceptofPeace. B.PopularPeaceSymbols.
C.OriginofPeaceSymbols. D.CulturalDifferenceofPeace.
45. The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries
EXCEPT__________.
A.Sweden B.Greece C.Finland D.China
46.InNorthEuropemistletoewasoftenhungindoorwaystoindicate__________.
A.friendship B.love C.kinship D.honour
47.Theoriginoftheankhcandatebackto__________.
A.theNile B.the“afterword” C.thehippiemovement D.ancientEgypt
PASSAGETHREE
(1) Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can
punishthemintogoodcitizenship.
(2)The first manifests itself in ourtireless search for themagical level atwhich welfare grants are bigenough
to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal
justicesystemtocurebehaviorthatisasmuchasanythingtheresultofdespair.
(3) The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be
malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first
impulse leadsusto provide housing, foodstamps, medicalcareand acashstipend forfamilies in need.Thesecond
getsustothinkabout“workforce”.
(4) We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny” problems of two high-ranking government
officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t findAmericanstodothework)andPresidentClinton’sproposaltoputatwo-yearlimitonwelfare.
(5) Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one
moreexampleoftryingtomanipulatepeopleintotakingcareofthemselves.
(6) On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so
tough as to clogour prisons with relatively minor offenders.Tooshorta sentence,we fear,will create contemptfor
thelaw.Toolongasentencewilltakeupcostlyspacebetterusedfortheviolentandunremorseful.
(7) Not only can we never find the “perfect” punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by
our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment—even the
disgraceofbeingchargedwithacrime—issufficienttodeterthemiddleclass,whileformembersoftheunderclass,
probationmaybetranslatedas“Ibeatit”.
(8) So how can you use the system—welfare or criminal justice—to produce the behavior we want? The
answer,Isuspectis:Youcan’t.
(9)Wekeeptryingtousewelfareandprisontochangepeople—tomakethemthinkandbehavethewaywedo
—when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action
withaneyeonthefuture.
(10)Wewilltakelowlywork(ifthatisallthat’savailable)becausewebelievewecanmakebadjobsworkfor
us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking
disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the
present.Evenundertheworstofcircumstances,webelieveweareincontrolofourlives.
(11) And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the
prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the
future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding
pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious
symptoms.
(12) I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or
that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some
whodeservetobeinjail.
(13)AllI’msaying isthatthe long-term answerbothtowelfare andthecrimethatplaguesourcommunities is
not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of
despair.
(14) If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing,
we’llfindbothcrimeandpovertyshrinkingtomanageableproportions.
48.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsClinton’sproposaltowelfare?
A.Pessimistic. B.Optimistic. C.Suspicious. D.Sarcastic.
49.ItcanbeinferredfromPara.7thatoptimumpenaltiesare__________totheunderclass.
A.hopeless B.useless C.frightening D.humiliating
50.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
A.LawlessnessandPoverty. B.CriminalJusticeSystem.
C.WelfareGrants. D.DiseaseofDespair.
SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the
questionswithNOmorethanTENwordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
51.InPara.4,whatdoesthemanmeanbysaying“Ihadtobearmytrouble”?52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?
PASSAGETWO
53.WhydoestheUNusetheolivebranchinitssymbol?
PASSAGETHREE
54.Accordingtotheauthor,whatbalanceshouldwekeepinwelfare?
55.What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst ofcircumstances, we believe we are in control of
ourlives”(Para.10)?
PART Ⅵ WRITING [45MIN]
Read carefully the following excerpton term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response
inNOLESSTHAN200words,inwhichyoushould:
summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,andthen
comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to
savemoney.
Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
Term-timeholidayswillbebanned
Parents areto bebannedbyMichaelGove,UK’sEducationSecretary,fromtakingtheir childrenoutofschool
tosavemoneyonholidays.
He is to abolish the right of head teacher to “authorise absence” from the classroom, which has been used to
letfamiliestaketerm-timebreaks,andwillwarnthemtheyfacefinesfortheirchildrennotbeingatschool.
“Anytimeoutofschoolhasthepotentialtodamageachild’seducation,”aseniorsourceattheDepartmentfor
Education said this weekend. “That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and
unauthorisedabsence.”
“This is part of the government’s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will
alsobestricterpenaltiesforparentsandschools.”
Thetoughmeasuresontruancyarepartofawider attemptbyMr.Gove tomake educationmoreacademically
rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted “excuses for
failure”.
Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would
discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term-time holiday. “ The high cost of holidays
outsideoftermtimeisstillanissuebutultimatelyachild’seducationismoreimportantthanaholiday,”hesaid.
WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
—THEEND—PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPRENSION
SECTIONA TALK
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
WhatIsGrit?
Myquestions
Whyisn’tI.Q.theonlydifferencebetweenstudents?
Whatisthekeyto (1) ? (1).........................
MyResearch
investigationofallkindsof (2) ,including: (2).........................
—WestPointMilitaryAcademy
— (3) (3).........................
—privatecompanies
Myfinding:gritaspredictorofsuccess
Gritis (4) forverylong-termgoals (4).........................
Gritisworkinghardforyearstomake (5) . (5).........................
Gritislivingyourlifelikea (6) . (6).........................
Mysurvey
highschooljuniorstookgritquestionnaires
(7) kidsweremorelikelytograduate (7).........................
Grit-building
littleisknownabouthowtobuildgritinstudents
datashowgritisunrelatedto (8) (8).........................
growthmindsetisthebeliefthattheabilitytolearnis (9) (9).........................
kidswithgritbelievefailureis (10) (10).........................
Conclusion
Weneedtogrittyaboutgettingourkidsgrittier.
