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2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷一（上海卷）
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷
上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on
your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At the travel agency. B. At the shopping mall.
C. At the museum. D. At the lecture hall.
2. A. Its plug is missing. B. It has got out of paper.
C. It isn’t connected to the power. D. It is not put in the right position.
3. A. Boss and employee. B. Colleagues.
C. Policeman and prisoner. D. Classmates.
4. A. She failed the driving test in the past. B She can’t believe the man foiled.
C. The man should have practiced more. D. The man should forget about the test.
5. A. He thinks highly of it. B. He doesn’t like it.
C. It lasts too long. D. Its content is not good.
6. A. Eight weeks is not a problem for him. B. All the specialists are fully booked.
C. The good specialist is worth the wait. D. His back problem is not very serious.
7. A. The library won’t be open as previously scheduled.
B. The library is believed to be beyond repair.
C. The repair work didn’t start from the 25th of May.
D. The repair work should have been planned earlier.
8. A. The woman should stick with her current job.
B. The woman should take the new job offer.C. The woman should be prepared to work extra hours.
D. The woman should stop complaining about her job.
9. A. The man is determined to have a break this weekend.
B. The man is hesitant over whether to have a break or not.
C. Both of them are under pressure and deserve a break.
D. Neither of them will enjoy a stress-free weekend.
10. A. He tends to understate the difficulty.
B. He likes to make empty promises.
C. He is passionate about extreme sports.
D. He hates to stretch the truth.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked
several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be
read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible
answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11. A. Try not to think of a polar bear.
B. Try to pose as a polar bear.
C. Stop thinking about their feet.
D. Observe themselves for a few minutes.
12. A. Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment.
B. Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose.
C. Those who were shown pictures of white bears at intervals.
D. Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning.
13. A. There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts.
B. Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface.
C. We will be able to get rid of negative thoughts.
D. We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14. A. By using a special type of liquid.
B. By absorbing the heat from the ceiling.C. By fixing a device on the inside coating.
D. By removing pressure from the pipes.
15. A. It has successfully achieved zero-carbon emission.
B. Renewable energy is used there to power lights and heating.
C. It is able to supply all the heating in the area of Glasgow.
D. It attracts professional dancers to have a great time there.
16 A. A new machine to transform heat energy.
B. A revolutionary battery that stores heat.
C. An innovative project called Bodyheat.
D. A global discussion on fighting climate change.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. A phone with an up-to-date operating system.
B. A new model with a different size and color.
C. A model that has the longest-lasting battery.
D. A phone with an automatic filming function.
18. A. It may not be as efficient as the old one.
B. It takes much time to get used to a new phone.
C. She can’t afford to buy a new phone.
D. She doesn’t like the new applications.
19. A. Their phones are regularly updated.
B. They are both interested in digital technology.
C. They both had data stolen from the phones.
D. Their old phones were bought about 2 years ago.
20. A. Improving productivity at work.
B. Enlarging the phone storage.
C. Buying a new smartphone.
D. Increasing phone security.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a
given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with
one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rob and Jane are classmates at a university. It is the beginning of the semester and time to buy books for
various classes. Their university not only makes paper textbooks available but also offers digital textbooks to its
students. Rob and Jane ____21____ (talk) about which type of book they prefer.
Rob: I think I’m going to study digitally this year.
Jane: What do you mean?
Rob: Well, the majority of the textbooks I need for my classes ____22____ (offer) digitally. So I’m going to
buy access in that form. That way I can study on my computer, phone or e-reader. The content is the same as a
paper textbook.
Jane: Are you sure? I’ve heard that not all textbooks are compatible (与……一致的) with all media devices. I
had a friend last year who had some problems ____23____ (access) her books on certain devices.
Rob: Really? I’ve never heard that. The people to ____24____ I talked said it was super convenient. Besides,
my budget is very limited right now. The digital format costs less than half the price of the paper textbook.
Jane: True. But at the end of the semester, you can sell back a paper textbook. That way you can recover some
of your money.
Rob: I also have to work most days after class. ____25____ (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry
around a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
Jane: Convenience isn’t ____26____. I find it much easier to focus on what I’m reading in a real book. It’s
also easier to follow a lecture and turn to the page that’s being discussed.
Rob: Yes, but I can access a page by searching for a word, so I can find it easily.
Jane: I find it easier to recall information I want to remember ____27____ I mark it in an actual book. Rob:
But you can do that ____28____ digital material, too.
Jane: Have you ever had a textbook that you wanted to keep for future reference? You know some textbooks
are only available the semester you buy it. After that, you lose access to it.
Rob: Oh! I’ll have to look into ____29____ digital books I’d have permanent access to, then.
Jane: You know, I also read that when people read digitally their comprehension is weaker. People apparently
read faster on a screen. But they don’t remember details as _____30_____ (well) as someone who reads it on
paper.
Rob: I guess I’ll find out. Anyway, I’m going to try it.
Jane: Let me know how it works. I’m sticking with paper.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Notethat there is one word more than you need.
A. battle B. built-in C. candidate D. carbon-free E. commercial F. contained
G. costly H. demonstrated I. footprint J. financed K. growing
Several Carmakers Push Plans to Offer Hydrogen-powered Vehicles
Several big automakers recently announced plans to keep investing in hydrogen vehicle technology. The plans
come even as many industry experts believe the technology faces a major uphill ____31____ to compete against
battery-powered electric cars.
Hydrogen-powered cars are also known as fuel cell electric vehicles, or FCEVs. With these vehicles, fuel cells
convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity. This differs from electric vehicles, or EVs, which get their power
from a ____32____ battery.
Last month, the chief of Japan’s Toyota Motors, Akio Toyoda, attended a race that ____33____ an
experimental hydrogen vehicle. The vehicle ____34____ a traditional gasoline-powered engine that had been
converted to run on hydrogen.
Toyoda told reporters at the event such conversions could keep traditional internal combustion engines (内燃
机) running in a ____35____ world. This, he said, could avoid the need to completely leave behind internal
combustion and save millions of auto industry jobs.
In Germany, BMW and Volkswagen Group are both developing hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles along
with a series of new EVs. BMW said last month it has developed a hydrogen prototype (原型) based on its X5
model in a project partly ____36____ by the German government.
Officials at South Korean automaker Hyundai have also spoken about the importance of continuing to explore
hydrogen-based vehicles along with developing EVs. The company currently sells a passenger fuel cell vehicle
called the NEXO. And Hyundai announced it plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell versions for all its ____37____
vehicles by 2028.
In fuel cell technology, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electrical power. It is considered clean
energy because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere. This makes the technology a good
____38____ for helping the world reduce its carbon emissions.
Currently, however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal — both of
which cause pollution. Supporters of the technology expect that to change over time. They say the ____39____ use
of electricity from wind and solar energy will be able to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Those production
methods, however, are more ____40____.Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired
Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A ____41____ 3D printer is
limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has
removed the ____42____ by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of
drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with
cameras that are ____43____ for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and ____44____ printing and
adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and
begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough
for the drones to carry but ____45____ enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the
builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____46____ the progress. The
system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might
have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or
____47____ in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process,
____48____ and correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s ____49____ by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small
cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the
perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. _____50_____, the builder robot
printed winding circles that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum
stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes.
_____51_____ these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will
probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise
_____52_____ places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to _____53_____and seal leaks in pipelines orfix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be _____54_____ to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk
to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a _____55_____ future for his construction robots, building
on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to
construction on Earth.
41. A. typical B. latest C. precise D. popular
42. A. part B. characteristic C. limitation D. shortage
43. A. suitable B. responsible C. famous D. ready
44. A. go on B. work on C. take turns D. contribute to
45. A. massive B. stable C. strong D. flexible
46. A. makes B. improves C. inspects D. continues
47. A. misguidance B. imbalance C. misuse D. imperfection
48. A. changing B. supervising C. arranging D. measuring
49. A. features B. weaknesses C. capabilities D. responses
50. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead
51. A. Because B. While C. If D. After
52. A. remote B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. deserted
53. A. spot B. squeeze C. replace D. remove
54. A. inquired B. intended C. expanded D. assigned
55. A. vague B. demanding C. distant D. potential
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Ten years ago, the cyclist’s riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured
for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.
Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the
creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop
the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing
downhill-skiing clothes. On wet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.
Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. Inthe past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store
owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains
completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing
invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because
conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves
on snowy days of reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.
56. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.
B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.
C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.
D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.
57. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight?
A. Construction of bicycle paths. B. A decrease in equipment prices.
C. The invention of stable bicycles. D. Milder weather in recent years.
58. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists?
A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.
B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.
C. She helps improve cyclists’ confidence when riding.
D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.
59. The underlined word “discernibility” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. visibility B. popularity
C. congestion D. creativity
(B)
The world hosts thousands of exceptional chocolatiers, some of which our magazine is to present to you. And
remember that besides ordinary facts like expiration (过期) date or manufacture place, labels bear essential
information. If sugar is listed as the main ingredient(原料) on the label, quickly put it down and find a bar in which
cocoa shines.
Paul Young, London, England
Award-winning master chocolatier Paul Young deserves the credits he receives for his creativity and mastery
with chocolates. Walk into his shop and experience the scent of fresh chocolates. Young is one of the figures who
launched the chocolate reform in London, casting aside the sweet British chocolate of the old for the innovativedark chocolate offerings. Try his dark chocolate bars to become a firm chocolate lover.
Three locations in London.
Que Bo!, Mexico City, Mexico
Traditional Mexican flavors come alive in Que Bo! Que Bo! uses only organic ingredients sourced from local
producers. Colored truffles(松露) match their star ingredients, such as orange, mango or salt. A major attraction is
its open air courtyard shops.
Five locations in Mexico City.
SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada
These Toronto chocolate experts present pure chocolate bars made with beans from around the world. The fir
truffles, symbolic of the Canadian pines, combine fruity cocoa and natural oils from the fir trees to give the
experience of eating chocolate in a pine forest. SOMA also highlights their expertise(专长) in goods like whiskey
and ice cream, which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates.
Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto.
Sprüngli, Zurich, Switzerland
With colorful displays of chocolate truffles and sweets, Sprüngli offers the traditional highend Swiss chocolate
experience. This luxury chocolate shop first opened its doors in 1836, the first in Europe according to some. Today,
Sprüngli is acclaimed for the chance it offers customers to enjoy coffee and cake in its second-floor café, making
the shop a complex of flavor treat.
Numerous locations in Zurich.
SpagNVola, United States
SpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire chocolate process from farm to store, making the shop
stand out. First they grow cacao at their farm. The cacao is handpicked, roasted and refined in their Maryland
factory before the final products are shown on its shop shelves. Take the free tour to its kitchen and experience the
shop’s magic. Their 70 percent chocolate bars represent the true quality of good chocolate.
Three outlets in U.S.
60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Young followed the old sweet chocolate fashion and created the new focus on dark chocolate.
B. Que Bo! is famous for its excellent indoor atmosphere.
C. Soma’s main attraction is that it offers items other than chocolates.
D. Sprüngli supplies chocolates to various cafes in the country.
61. What do all these chocolate shops have in common?A. Initiating the new chocolate trend.
B. Combining fresh ingredients with cocoa.
C. Enjoying a long history.
D. Having more than one shop in its country.
62. SpagNVola excels among its peers because ________.
A. it is run by a couple
B. it controls the whole production process
C. customers can visit the shop free of charge
D. it only sells 70 percent pure chocolate bars
(C)
Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led
environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index
(LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds,
reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous
predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821
populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive
and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of
nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an
average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per
cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world
are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife
population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all
regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎).
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the
loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,”
says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well
measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the
complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says
Freeman. But some researchers are critical of the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be
misunderstood.
The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the
populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and
useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data.
But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show
they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
63. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?
A. Loving and protecting nature. B. Preserving the diversity of nature.
C. Underestimating the benefits of nature. D. Destroying and changing nature.
64. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ______.
A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction
C. there are no positive measures to protect nature
D. some of the world’s wild animals are in decline
65. What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage?
A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.
B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.
C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.
D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework
B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply
C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth
D. Correct Interpretation of LPI
Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AI
Shanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s
digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland, experts said in an interview.
The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the
provincial level. ___67___
“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,” said Yan Rui, director
of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, at a recent media briefing.
“___68___ It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai, and assist creation of an AI highland
with global influence.” Yan said.
One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor
violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment.
“___69___ It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during
the research and development process,” said Weng Guanxi, a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm. The regulation
gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people,
enterprises and organizations.
___70___ In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual
revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according
to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared
from 100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report.
A. The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.
B. The regulation came into effect on October 1, just as planned.
C. Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.
D. Government and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and
regulations.
E. The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI
industry.
F. The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from
wrong.Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged?
Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or
boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each
other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only
on female dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia
But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three
years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better
understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast
in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including
13 that had been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20
minutes to 3 hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to
join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room
full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand
become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-
which could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves
generally.
No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
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Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 不要乱扔垃圾，你会被罚款的。(or)(汉译英)
73. 这家网络公司在全国各地有许多研发中心。(establish) (汉译英)
74. ChatGPT是由人工智能研究实验室OpenAI在2022年11月30日发布的全新聊天机器人模型。(release)
(汉译英)
75. 《春晓》是唐代诗人孟浩然所作，语言平易浅近，抒发了诗人热爱春天、珍惜春光的美好心情。
(whose) (汉译英)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的李平。你的朋友Jenny来信说：随着大学申请和期末考试的临近，她十分忙碌，经常
熬夜，没有时间参加喜欢的社团活动和社交生活，她感到难以平衡学业、课外活动和社会生活。请你写封
邮件给她，内容包括：
1. 分析她面临的主要问题；
2. 提出相应的建议和理由。
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