文档内容
主题对接教材
人教版 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and traditions
外研版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 War and peace
译林版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Back to the past
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．cattle n．牛
2．Confucius n．孔子
3．scent n．气味；气息
4．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
5．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
6．mansion n．公馆；宅第
7．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
8．kingdom n．王国；领域
9．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
10．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
11．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟；高跟鞋
12．transfer vi.& vt.转移；调动；换乘
13．military adj.军事的；军用的
14．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
15．courtyard n．庭院；院子
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．ancient adj.古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的
2．ocean n．大海；海洋3．honey n．蜂蜜
4．snack n．点心；小吃
5．port n．港口(城市)
6．amount n．金额；数量
7．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
8．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
9．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
10．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
11．dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
12．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
13．position n．位置；姿态；职位
14．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
15．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
16．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
17．reform vt.改革；(使)改过自新 n．改革；改造
18．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
19．battle n．战役；斗争；较量 v．搏斗；与……作战；和……斗争
20．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；指控；主管
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
2．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候，招呼，致敬
3．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近→approachable adj.亲
切友善的；易理解的；可接近的
5．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
6．eager adj.渴望的；热切的；热心的→eagerness n．热切，渴望→eagerly adv.热切地；急
切地
7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找出……的准确位置
8．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n．慷慨；大方
9．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike v．打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工；袭击
10．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的→sense vt.意识到，察觉到 n．感官→sensor n．传感器
11．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存(方式)→existing adj.现存的；现行的
12．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
13．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的14．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；
解说员
15．currency n．通货；货币→current adj.现在的；流通的，通用的；最近的 n．(水，气，
电)流；趋势→currently adv.当前；时下
16．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled
adj.感到困惑的
17．fascinate vt.使着迷→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinated adj.着迷的；入
迷的
18．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现→achievable adj.可完成的；
做得成的
1．ministry n．部
2．philosophy n．哲学
3．flourish v．繁荣；茂盛；兴旺
4．constitution n．宪法；章程
5．abolish vt.废除
6．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
7．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
8．authority n．权威；官方，当局
9．federal adj.联邦的；联盟的
10．boom n．& vi.繁荣；迅速发展
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．live on继续存在
2．run out of用完，用尽
3．mark out标出……界限
4．serve as充当，担任
5．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
6．by means of用……办法；借助……
7．let out释放；放走；发出(叫喊声)；泄露
8．team up with与……合作或一起工作
9．break out (火灾、战争等)爆发
10．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
11．keep one’s eyes open (for) 留心；提防
12．keep up坚持，维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)13．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
14．out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．过去分词短语作后置定语
They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and
military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为“联合杰克”的国旗。
2．have sth done...让某物被……
They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．现在分词短语作伴随状语
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．It is not surprising that...……是不足为奇的
With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include
music，dancing，and dining.
景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让
人觉得奇怪了。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．courtyard n．庭院；院子
2．scent n．气味；气息
3．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
4．heel n． 足跟； ( 脚、袜子、鞋等的 ) 后跟；高跟鞋
5．transfer vi.& vt.转移；调动；换乘
6．beer n． ( 一杯 ) 啤酒
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．battle n．战役；斗争；较量 v．搏斗；与……作战；和……斗争
2．amount n．金额；数量
3．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；指控；主管
4．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
5．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
6．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制7．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
8．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
9．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
10．reform vt.改革；(使)改过自新 n．改革；改造
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．eager adj.渴望的；热切的；热心的→eagerness n．热切，渴望→eagerly adv.热切地；急
切地
2．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
3．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候，招呼，致敬
4．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现→achievable adj.可完成的；
做得成的
5．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找出……的准确位置
6．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike v．打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工；袭击
7．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的→sense vt.意识到，察觉到 n．感官→sensor n．传感器
8．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存(方式)→existing adj.现存的；现行的
9．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近→approachable adj.亲
切友善的；易理解的；可接近的
10．currency n．通货；货币→current adj.现在的；流通的，通用的；最近的 n．(水，气，
电)流；趋势→currently adv.当前；时下
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．flourish v．繁荣；茂盛；兴旺
2．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
3．abolish vt.废除
4．authority n．权威；官方，当局
5．boom n．& vi.繁荣；迅速发展
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．team up with 与……合作或一起工作
2．break out(火灾、战争等)爆发
3．mark out 标出……界限
4．serve as 充当，担任
5．live on 继续存在
6．run out of 用完，用尽
7．keep up 坚持，维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
8．make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．The puzzled expression on his face showed that the question was quite puzzling.(puzzle)
2．On the National Day，the streets are crowded with people，so controlling the flow of crowds
is a key issue.(crowd)
3．It is a fascinating journey through time，from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the
Internet and I believe you will be fascinated by it.(fascinate)
4．I love poetry，especially the poems written by the most famous poet—Li Bai.(poet)
5．With nobody defending him against the attack，Jack had to take defensive action himself.He
picked up a stone in defence of himself.(defend)
6．Surrounded by trees and flowers，the surroundings of the cottage are quite beautiful.
(surround)
7．The announcer announced the result softly，but the announcement made me shocked.
(announce)
8．She was so generous to the people in need of help and her generosity inspired more people to
help others.(generous)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．The exhibition offers a chance for visitors across the globe to admire the beautiful paintings as
well as gain deeper insights into traditional Chinese culture.
2．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its
present.
3．In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
4．He accidentally let out the fact that he had quarreled with his wife and he hadn’t returned
home for several weeks.
5．There comes a time when an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of
online learning.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．我们把车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
(have sth done)
We had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could have
our car battery charged.
2．格林尼治天文台的官员每天检查大本钟两次；它极其准确就不足为奇了。(it is not
surprising that...)
Officials from Greenwich Observatory check Big Ben twice a day；it is not surprising that it is
extremely accurate.3．爱尔兰——以其美丽的陆上风景而闻名，保持着深厚的文化传统，包括音乐、舞蹈和餐
饮。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
Ireland，known for its beautiful landscape，keeps up strong cultural traditions including music，
dancing and dining.
4．他们走到那个获胜者身边，祝贺他在这次比赛中取得成功。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
They came up to the winner，congratulating him on his success in this competition.
When studying in the UK，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，
Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away.The four
countries 1.belonging(belong) to the UK use the same currency and military
2.defence(defend)，but they have different legal systems.I saw much evidence that showed the
Great Britain was invaded by the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans，who left their
so-called 3.achievements(achievement) and influenced the names of locations and
vocabulary.There were many 4.fascinating(fascinate) places ， so I had to keep my eyes
open.Later I traveled to Ireland 5.where I found myself attracted by the landscape.It was a feast
for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I 6.was surrounded(surround) with
beautiful pictures.Every day I was greeted with the rolling mountains 7.dotted(dot) with sheep
and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in
small pubs which charged a small amount 8.of money for their service.I once talked about
their customs with 9.a crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius
philosophy，and they were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and
honey.The journey is so striking 10.that I’m eager to go there again.
amount n．数量；金额 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于
·the amount of...……的数量
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
·amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
(1)It was not until last year that massive amounts of money were raised(raise) for the project.
(2)A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated(donate) to the local schools
up to now.
(3)青少年所食用垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。(话题写作之饮食健
康)
The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health.(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)
In order to keep healthy，a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary.
(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续
写)
The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help
support my family.
approach n．接近；方法；途径 v．接近；靠近；接洽；着手处理(approachable adj.亲
切友善的；易理解的；可接近的)
·an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of在快到……的时候
·with...approaching在……临近的时候
(1)China’s approach to protecting(protect) its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful
lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
(2)At the approach of the Dragon Boat Festival/With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching，we
have made full preparations and held a wide range of activities in memory of Qu Yuan.
run out of (主语为人)用完；从……流出/跑出
run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
give out用完；筋疲力尽；发出(不及物动词短语，无被动语态，一般不用于进行时)
use up用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)
run across偶然遇见
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
(1)Once these latest donations run out，the country will again face hunger and starvation.
(2)Our motherland is getting more and more powerful.This is why we can get protection whenever
we run into danger abroad.
(3)The sponsor ran across/into one of his old friends when he was walking in the street the other
day.
(4)我们的钱快用完了，所以我们能预测到下个月无尽的麻烦。
Our money was running out/We were running out of/using up our money，so we could predict the
endless trouble the next month.
as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首，作“也，还”解。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致。
用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名
词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
(1)The leader as well as two workers has been(be) in charge of the organization since it was
established.
(2)As well as having(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life，she found the
cultural difference was another challenge for her.
(3)不仅他的妻子，他的孩子们也渴望参加定于下周六上午8点举行的聚会。
①His children as well as his wife were eager to attend the party to be held at 8 a．m.next
Saturday.(as well as)
②Not only his wife but also his children were eager to attend the party to be held at 8 a．m.next
Saturday.(not only...but also...)
have sth done They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the
legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；(主语)遭遇到某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do有某事要做
(1)It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it
delivered(deliver) to her house every day.
(2)我们的校长不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已经完成作业，他也总是让我们读经典作
品来开阔我们的视野。
Our head teacher can ’ t have us wasting our time .Even if we have finished our homework，he
always has us read classics to widen/broaden our horizons.
(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉
信)
I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long，because I had an urgent thing to
attend to.
现在分词短语作伴随状语 Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering
something for each of the senses.它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
句中现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况。现在分词(短语)作状语还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
(1)It rained heavily in the south，causing(cause) serious floods in several provinces.
(2)他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭起来。(读后续写之动作链描写)
He rose to his feet，crossed the room and hugged me tightly，crying without control.
(3)听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。(读后续写之心理描写)
Hearing what the headmaster said，I was wild with joy，my eyes glittering with excitement.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．let out
(1)If I were you，I would not let out the secret. C
(2)He has grown so much that his mother has to let out his coat. A
(3)Sitting on a branch，he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the
hive.Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.(2023·浙江1月) B
(4)Eventually，some feel that animals should not be kept in cages，but should rather be let out in
the wild. D
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Here’s the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication，we’re all
positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(2021·全国甲)安置；使处于
(2)With great enthusiasm，he talks about how he finds issues and approaches them.处理
(3)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.(2020·全国
Ⅱ) 争夺
(4)When she opened the door，to her shock，she was greeted by a scene of crime. 映入 …… 的
眼帘
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it in
excitement.
2．Located(locate) where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and
Road construction.
3．Now that they have made great achievements，they are looking forward to the celebration
eagerly(eager)．
4．Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented
individuals(individual)．
5．The rolling(roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny wehumans are.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
6．A new study has found convincing evidence(evident) that there is a direct link between salty
foods and high blood pressure.
7．The supermarket was crowded with people who wanted to buy goods at a discount.
8．It is announced(announce) that the blog posted by the troll contains much false information.
9．The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence(defend) of their country.
10．While visiting the palace，keep your eyes open，and you will surely be rewarded with a feast
for the eyes.
11．The tradition of celebrating the Spring Festival came into existence(exist) more than 4,000
years ago.
12．Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with
specific meanings onto shells or bones.
13．David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，reflecting(reflect) on what I had said
to him.(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
14．Doctors as well as the common people tried their best to battle against the disaster，so it was
not surprising(surprise) that the city recovered so quickly.
假定你是李华，为了庆祝建党103周年，你们学校将举办几个活动。请你写一封信邀请
你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：
1.时间、地点；
2.活动安排：红歌表演、老兵讲述英雄故事和学生演讲“我的中国梦”。
完成句子
1．随着中国共产党成立103周年的临近，我们学校将举办一些庆祝活动，所以我写信邀请
你参加。(approach)
2．按计划，活动将于7月1日上午8点至10点在音乐厅举行，目前备受关注。(现在分词短
语作伴随状语)
3．被誉为精神传承的红歌将被搬上舞台。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
4．接下来，几位老战士将讲述一些关于我们英雄的故事，他们中的一些人甚至为保卫祖国
献出了生命。(defend our motherland)5．我渴望与你分享这难忘的时刻，我相信我们会玩得很开心。(be eager to)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Allen，
At the approach of the 103rd anniversary of the Communist Party of China/With the 103rd
anniversary of the Communist Party of China approaching，some activities will be held in our
school to celebrate it，so I am writing to invite you to join us.
As scheduled，the activities will be held in the concert hall from 8 a．m.to 10 a．m. on July
1，attracting much attention at present.Firstly，red songs known as the inheritance of spirit will be
performed on the stage.Following that，several old soldiers will tell some stories about our
heroes，some of whom even lost their lives to defend our motherland.In addition，some students
will deliver speeches with the theme of “My Chinese Dream”．
I’m eager to share the unforgettable moment with you，and I’m sure we will enjoy
ourselves.Looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
语料积累 情感细节描写：喜乐之动作
clap v．拍手，鼓掌；轻拍 hop n．& v．跳跃 dance v．跳跃，雀跃
单词 skip v．蹦跳 laughter n．笑(声)
beam v．眉开眼笑
dance/jump for/with joy高兴地跳起舞来/跳起来 the tears of happiness failed
sb某人幸福的泪水没能止住 sparkle/twinkle/shine with joy/delight 闪烁着喜
悦的光芒 glow with happiness 洋溢着幸福
light up喜形于色 tears of happiness well up in one’s eyes某人眼里满含幸福
词块
的泪水
heart thumps/pounds with joy/happiness高兴/幸福得心怦怦跳 laughter lingered
笑声不绝于耳
clap one’s hands in delight某人高兴地拍手 hop up and down 跳上跳下1.Hopping up and down，hardly could the two boys contain their pleasure.(部
分倒装)
这两个男孩跳来跳去，几乎抑制不住他们的喜悦。
2.Overwhelmed by great joy，he cheered，beaming with delight，“Thank
you so much！”(非谓语动词作状语)
他欣喜若狂，满面笑容地欢呼道：“非常感谢您！”
句型
3.A sense of delight enveloped her and her eyes were shining with great joy.(无
灵主语)
一种喜悦的感觉笼罩着她，她的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
4.On hearing the news，he jumped/bounced up and down with excitement.
(On doing...)
一听到这个消息，他激动得跳上跳下。
语料运用 ① With my mother ’ s birthday drawing near/approaching (with 复合结构)，I was
eager to give her a surprise.As it is a tradition for our Chinese to have longevity noodles on
birthday，I ②glanced through the recipe and decided to make a bowl of longevity noodles.The
procedure was not so easy as it seemed，but finally I made it.Placing the noodles on the table，I
hopped up and down.③Hardly could I contain my pleasure(部分倒装)！At the sight of the noodles
on the table，④my mother felt a warm wave of happiness welling up in her heart(feel＋宾语＋宾
补)．“Mom，have a try.I do it by myself，” I said with excitement.My mother tried to hide her
emotion，but ⑤tears of happiness shone/sparkled/twinkled in her eyes(无灵主语)．⑥Her heart
filled with joy(独立主格)，she gathered me into her arms and choked，“Thank you！” My
father ⑦clapped his hands in delight，saying，“Let’s make a wish together！” I let out a
joyful scream，⑧my eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with joy.
随着妈妈生日的临近，我想给她一个惊喜。因为中国人有过生日吃长寿面的传统，所以我浏
览了一下食谱，决定做一碗长寿面。过程并不像看起来那么容易，但最终我成功了。把面条
放在桌子上，我跳上跳下。我几乎无法抑制我的快乐！看到桌子上的面条，妈妈感到一股幸
福的暖流涌上心头。我兴奋地说：“妈妈，尝尝吧，我自己做的。” 我妈妈试图掩饰她的
情绪，但幸福的泪水却在她眼中闪烁。她满心欢喜，把我揽入怀中，哽咽着说： “谢
谢！” 爸爸高兴地拍着手说：“我们一起许个愿吧！” 我发出一声快乐的尖叫，我的眼睛
闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
AIf you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of
humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had
texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later
achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are
able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between
literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports
and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden
shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct
what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and
strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides ， there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those
who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，
the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this
book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they
made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系)
between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we
have to read not just the texts，but the objects.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强
调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该被如何呈现。故
选A。
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句可知，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产
物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据该段最后三句可知，关于这场冲突，英国人留下
了文本资料而澳大利亚土著人只有一个木盾牌，而想要了解真实的历史，就要对盾牌和文本
进行同样深入而严肃的研究。由此推断，作者想表明库克船长的记录是片面的，故 D项正
确。
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”
和“...only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to
read not just the texts，but the objects”可知，我们所看到的历史资料，只是真实历史的一半，
想要了解另一半的历史，就需要结合物品，所以conversation指的是“历史”，故B项正确。
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B．A Short History of Australia.
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D．How Art Works Tell Stories.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history...you cannot do it through
texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while...”结合最后一段的“If
we are to find...not just the texts，but the objects.”可知，本文讲述了要更好地了解历史，就要
将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选
C。
B
A new study analyzing stone tools from southern China provides the earliest evidence of rice
harvesting，dating to as early as 10,000 years ago.The researchers identified two methods of
harvesting rice，which helped start rice domestication.
To harvest rice，some sort of tools would have been needed.“For quite a long time，one of
the puzzles has been that harvesting tools have not been found in southern China from the early
Neolithic period or New Stone Age (10,000－7,000 Before Present)—the time period when we
know rice began to be domesticated，” says lead author Jiajing Wang，an assistant professor ofanthropology at Dartmouth.
“However，when archaeologists(考古学家) were working at several early Neolithic sites in
the Lower Yangtze River Valley，they found a lot of small pieces of stone，which had sharp edges
that could have been used for harvesting plants.”
“Maybe some of those small stone pieces were rice harvesting tools，which is what our
results show.”
In the Lower Yangtze River Valley，the two earliest Neolithic culture groups were the
Shangshan and Kuahuqiao.
The researchers examined 52 flaked( 成 薄 片 的 ) stone tools from the Shangshan and
Hehuashan sites，the latter of which was occupied by Shangshan and Kuahuqiao cultures.
To determine if the stone flakes were used for harvesting rice，the team conducted use-wear
and phytolith residue(植物化石残渣) analyses.
For the use-wear analysis，micro-scratches on the tools’ surfaces were examined under a
microscope.The results showed that 30 flakes have use-wear patterns similar to those produced by
harvesting siliceous(silica-rich) plants，likely including rice.
Through the phytolith residue analysis，the researchers analyzed the microscopic residue left
on the stone flakes known as “phytoliths”(silica skeletons of plants)．They found that 28 of the
tools contained rice phytoliths.
“What’s interesting about rice phytoliths is that rice husk and leaves produce different
kinds of phytolith，which enabled us to determine how the rice was harvested，” says Wang.
The findings from the use-wear and phytolith analyses illustrated that two types of rice
harvesting methods were used—“finger-knife” and “sickle” techniques.Both methods are
still used in southern China today.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究分析了来自中国南方的石器，提供了最早的水稻
收割证据，可以追溯到一万年前。
5．What is the long-lasting puzzle about southern China?
A．It has a history of 10,000 years.
B．It produces many harvesting tools.
C．Rice could hardly grow in that area.
D．Ancient rice harvesting hasn’t been proven there.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“For quite a long time，one of the puzzles has been that
harvesting tools have not been found in southern China...when we know rice began to be
domesticated”可推知，关于中国南方的长期谜题是那里没有出现早期的水稻收割的证据。
故选D。6．In what tone do the researchers talk about their findings?
A．Certain. B．Cautious.
C．Critical. D．Correct.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“Maybe some of those small stone pieces were rice harvesting
tools，which is what our results show.”可推知，研究人员用谨慎的语气谈论他们的发现。故
选B。
7．On what basis was the use-wear analysis carried out?
A．How the stones were used.
B．Where the stones were found.
C．When the stones were used.
D．Whether the tools were used.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知，磨损分析是观察石具表面的使用痕迹，进而比对
得出划痕是如何产生的，所以磨损分析的根据是石具是如何被使用的。故选A。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Asian countries are promoting harvesting methods.
B．Only two harvesting methods are still used in China.
C．Rice domestication existed in southern China long ago.
D．“Finger-knife” and “sickle” are very advanced techniques.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，分析证明这两处新石器时代遗址中应用了两种在中
国南方至今沿用的水稻收割技术，由此可推断出水稻驯化在中国南方早已存在。故选C。
C
Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous
skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This
discovery has changed what we know of human history.
The skull，which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative
from a species called Australopithecus africanus( 南方古猿非洲种)．It was found near
Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，was thought to be between
2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs Ples looks like a
possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she
apparently lived.For this reason，scientists had decided that Australopithecus afarensis，a similar
species from East Africa that lived about 3.5 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor
instead.
To get a more accurate age for Mrs Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of PurdueUniversity in Indiana，US，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They
measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are
exposed to cosmic rays(宇宙射线) on Earth’s surface.Once rocks are buried，these chemicals
stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since
the rocks (or bones) were on the surface.
The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4
and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their East African relatives，so
that either group could have given rise to modern humans.However，team member Dr Laurent
Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2,500 miles away，these groups had
plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words，the groups could quite easily
have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨的年代比
专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。
9．What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs?
A．It is a skull found in East Africa.
B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans.
C．It is a million years older than scientists expected.
D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，
after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million
years older than experts thought.”和第二段的“The skull，which scientists have named ‘Mrs
Ples’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。
10．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs Ples”？
A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays.
B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals.
C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay.
D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in
rocks...the surviving amount reveals...on the surface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学
物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。
11．What can we infer from the new study?
A．Modern humans came into being in East Africa.
B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with East African relatives.C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.5 million years ago.
D．Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In other words，the groups could quite easily have
met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.”可知，我们能
从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。
12．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Historical Puzzle Unsolved
B．Ancestor Mystery Solved
C．Mrs Ples: The Earliest Human Being
D．Mrs Ples: A Famous Skull
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about
modern humans，...”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的
谜题，因此最好的题目是B选项“Ancestor Mystery Solved”。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·江西赣抚吉11校联考)
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe
impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of
the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight
climate change. 2 They include limited political support ， lack of money ， weak
organizational structures ， and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million
hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years
ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean
in Western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of
climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide
from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing
5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan
have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification
agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal
of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.
D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.
F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any
other continent.
1．答案 G
解析 上文介绍了荒漠化的影响；下文介绍了遏制非洲的荒漠化进程的项目；G项(联合国
说，非洲有多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)起到承前启后的
作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
2．答案 A
解析 上文提到该项目旨在遏制撒哈拉沙漠的扩张并应对气候变化，下文列举的是该项目面
临的困难，设空处与上文为转折关系，A项(但该项目面临许多问题。)符合语境，下文的
They指代A项中的many problems。上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。
3．答案 B
解析 上文提到该项目进展缓慢，B项(这仅仅是该计划目标的4%。)顺接上文，上文中的
Just和B项中的only的运用，表明该项目的进展实在太缓慢了，没有达到预想的速度。故选
B项。
4．答案 F
解析 根据上下文可知，此处陈述了该项目的好处，F项 (支持者希望该项目将在非洲农村
地区创造数百万的绿色就业机会。)承接上文，下文的It指代F项中的the project，副词also
的运用表明下文与F项为并列关系，故选F项。
5．答案 E
解析 根据下文可知，此处介绍了该项目在某些国家中的进展情况。E项(近年来，非洲大
陆东部取得了一些进展。)引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。
