文档内容
Unit 4 History and Traditions
目标导航
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认
1．mansion n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philosophy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．currency n．通货；货币
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
8．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
12．honey n．蜂蜜
13．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
14．courtyard n．庭院；院子
15．scent n．气味；气息
16．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
17．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的
18．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
19．Wales威尔士(英国)
20．Scotland苏格兰(英国)
21．Northern北爱尔兰(英国)
22．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
23．Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
24．Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
25．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
重点单词——我会写
1．Confucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的6．battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．port n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amount n．金额；数量
10．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
11．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
12．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
13．position n．位置；姿态；职位
14．snack n．点心；小吃
15．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
16．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
17．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
18．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚
19．dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
20．cattle n．牛
21．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．ocean n．大海；海洋
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
25．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
26．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
27．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
词汇拓展 1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled
adj.感到困惑的
2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找……的位置
8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.
着迷的
9．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；
解说员
10．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工12．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
重点词组 1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
重点句型 1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and
military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
2．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the
eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称
一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
5．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that
include music，dancing，and dining.
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点
也不让人觉得奇怪了。
知识精讲
知识点01 join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.16世纪，邻近的威尔
士并入英格兰王国。
[例1] The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge.岛上有座桥与大陆相连。
[例2] How can we join this island and that one?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
[造句]因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
[知识拓展]
join in 参加；加入
join sb. in (doing)sth.
加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
join the club/army/party加入俱乐部/参军/入党
join up(with sb.) (与某人)联合，会合
单句语法填空
①We joined point A point B in a straight line.
②We plan to join with the other climbers on the other side of the mountain.
③Everybody has to join the training.
知识点2 break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK...最后，在20世纪，爱尔
兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，
决定再也不参加任何舞会了。
[例2] It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[造句]犯人挣脱了看守。The prisoner broke away from the guards.
[知识拓展]
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
用break的相关短语填空
①The two countries are going to meet to some barriers to trade between them.
②We had to the house as we had lost the key.
③The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are ．
④The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which it later because of
conflicts.
⑤The fire during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
知识点3 belong to属于
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.所属英国的四个国家在一些
领域进行了合作。
[例1] Who does this watch belong to?这块表是谁的？
[例2] China is a developing country belonging to the third world.中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
[造句]我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。I used to belong to a youth club.[知识拓展]
(1)belong in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①She packed her few (belong)in a bag and left.
②However，the man， whom the bike belonged，decided not to keep it.
③这个袋子是我的。 .
[名师点津]
belong to用法两注意
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为
“...belonging to”。
知识点4.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and
military defence．像拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。
(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As well as being a photographer，she is a talented musician.她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐
家。
[造句]除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。 As well as breaking his leg ， he hurt his arm .
[知识拓展]
as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式
等。重点掌握以下要点：
1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Helen，as well as her brothers， (go)abroad already.
②As well as (learn)English，we want to experience life in the USA.
③Students should develop their own interests as well as (do)their schoolwork.
④The child is lively as well as (health).
⑤He didn't perform as (good)as some of his competitors.
⑥They visited some factories，hospitals as well as the school.
→They visited the school some factories and hospitals.
(2)defence n．防御；保卫[例1] In defence of our nation，many soldiers lost their lives.为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
[例2] Most countries have armies for their defence.大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。
[造句]他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。He mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in
defence of his actions.
[知识拓展]
1)in defence (of ...) 为了保卫(……)
2)defend vt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend...from/against... 保卫……以免受……
单句语法填空
①We must see to it that there is no gap in our (defend).
②What talking points can be raised defence of this argument?
③All our officers are trained to defend themselves knife attacks.
知识点5.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different
groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周
围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
(1)surround vt.围绕；包围
[例1] Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
[例2] If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy life，it's extremely important to surround yourself with
people who'll provide you with proper emotional support.
如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。
[造句]对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。
To some people ， happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
[知识拓展]
1)be surrounded by... 被……包围、环绕
2)surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
3)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
4)surroundings n. 环境
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①When I came to the airport，I saw that the place (surround)by police.
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row， (surround)by his family.
③Standing on the top，we admired the (surround)scenes.
④She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar (surrounding).
⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。 .
[小片段填空]Once upon a time，a king who was polite to countries，lived in a castle by a
large forest and having wonderful ．
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
(2)evidence n．证据；证明
[例1] There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
[例2] The first signs of spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显而易见。
[造句]目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
[知识拓展]
1)There is some/no evidence that...
(没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
3)evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
用evidence的适当形式填空/完成句子
①He hated maths at school，so it's amazing he became an accountant!
②It must be to all of you that he has made a mistake.
③A new study has found no that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer.
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
[小片段填空]
His footprints were clearly in the heavy dust，which is the that he had come here
before.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据。
知识点6.keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意
If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留
心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
[例1] Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的
小男孩。
[例2] Just keep your eyes open and your mouth shut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。
[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况。
The police asked the residents to keep their eyes open for anything unusual.
[知识拓展]
keep an eye on 照看，照管；留心注意
look sb. in the eye(s) 直视别人have an eye for 对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye 吸引某人的注意
完成句子
①We've asked the neighbours (照看)the house for us while we are away.
②A red pencilmark on the fifth page (引起了他的注意).
③A good artist must (对颜色有判断力).
知识点7. everywhere引导地点状语从句
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of
people who took over at different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象
表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[句式分析]
句中everywhere you go in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever you go in the
UK。
[例1] Everywhere they looked，nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
[例2] Everywhere he goes，he will not forget the terrible experience.
无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。
[造句]无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情。 Everywhere I go ， I find the same thing .
[知识拓展]
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每
一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写
① ，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群
的人等着见她。
②You can go ．你可以去任何你想去的地方。
③有志者，事竟成。 .
④我哪儿也看不到它。 .
⑤我们所到之处游客人头攒动。 .
⑥She'll wear fine jewellery everywhere she goes.
→She'll wear fine jewellery she goes.
知识点8.the way后接定语从句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses．他们引
进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[句式分析][例1] Do it the way (that/in which)you were taught.要按照教你的那样做。
[例2] I was impressed by the way in which she did it.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
[造句]使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。What surprised me was not what he said but the way he
said it.
[知识拓展]
(1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通
常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
(2)the way 后不能用 how 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 how 引导的名词性从句来表
达这类意思。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't like the way you talk to your mother and you must change that way.
②The way was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way
you carried it out.
③ he speaks to his parents.我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
④ was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
语法精讲
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过
去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P －P )。
114 115
[观察例句]
1．Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Come and read the poem written by an eightyearold boy!
3．I felt myself often confused at first.
4．She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示
完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作
用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done 被动的动作已经完成
being done 被动的动作正在发生
to be done 被动的动作将要发生
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
单句语法填空
①Some of the people (invite)to the party can't come.
②The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand)in one corner.
③The trees (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
单句语法填空
①You'd better have your shoes (mend).②The father wants his daughter (teach)the piano.
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，
notice，think等。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使
别人听懂。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn't wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
单句语法填空
①I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.
②I'd like the job (do)when I come back from the journey.
③The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself (hear).
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作
时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
单句语法填空
①An old man was brought in，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
②With all the work (do)，I feel very relaxed now.
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语
主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：see＋宾语＋
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正
在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐
邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
单句语法填空
①Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.
②The boy made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
③She fell asleep with the light (burn).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop)after great effort.
2．This is the statue of a brave soldier (seat)on a horse，with a gun on his back.
3．The cars (sell)at the market now are made in Shanghai.
4．The airport (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.
5．The police will come soon to take away the (damage)car.
6．Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother
(take)good care of at home.
7．The meeting (hold)now is of great importance.
8．George telephoned a man (call)himself Peter.
9．The new books (print)in the factory at the moment are mainly intended for children.
10．The young man， (tire)of working for others，is determined to start his own firm.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The Amber Room was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.The design of the
room was 3. the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 4.
(decorate)with gold and jewels，5. took the country's best 6. (artist)about ten years to
make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room 7. (move)to a palace outside St Petersburg where she
spent her summers.8. (sad)，the Amber Room 9. (consider)one of the wonders of the
world，is now 10. (miss).
写作园地
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面
积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1．...is/lies/is located/is situated＋地点状语 某地位于……
2．...is/lies＋数词＋metres above sea level某地海拔为……
3．...is surrounded by...……周围被……环绕
4．...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all the year round某地气候终年寒
冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5．...is rich in...，like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
6．...is famous/wellknown for...……以……著名
7．...has a (long)history of...……有……年的(悠久)历史
8．...dates/goes back to...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It is located/lies in...，with an area of...
2．It covers an area of...，with a history of...
3．...，located in...and covering an area of...，is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
4．The history of...dates back to...
5．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
★正文佳句
1．There are many places of interest，such as...
2．You can enjoy...，which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.3．With...，...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
4．An interesting feature of...is...
5．With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and beautiful scenery，...is one of China's major tourist
cities.
6．A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
★余味结尾
1．...is well worth visiting.
2．...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一
封电子邮件。
爱丁堡 苏格兰(Scotland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口 约50万
面积 260平方千米(square kilometres)
地理位置 苏格兰的东南部
交通 公共交通十分便利
天气 气候温和(mild climate)
旅游 最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last email.
Yours faithfully，
Harry
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The power of the (个人) is limited while the power of the masses is limitless.
2．He then took the wallet to a (附近的) police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner
know it was safe.3．The film festival should be a real (盛宴) for film fans.
4．He decided to quit the after quarreling with the manager.
5．The man is (战斗) against the destruction of cultural relics.
6．She herself lived a simple or rather poor life，but she was so to the people in need of help.
7．Some of us were to take part in the class activities；others were nervous and anxious.
8．A waiter is (迎接) the guests at the door of the pub.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Many people were at these .(puzzle)
10．We must take some measures our country against invasion.(defence)
11． by trees and flowers，the of the cottage are quite beautiful.(surround)
12.The the result softly，but the made me shocked.(announce)
13．It was evident that the boy was by her voice.(fascinate)
14．I love ，especially the written by the most famous —Li Bai.
(poet)
15．The meeting room is quite with in it.(crowd)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．医生们尽最大努力救治那些在地震中受伤的人。
Doctors tried their best to save people .
17．当他到达停车场的时候，他发现他的车被偷了。
When he arrived at the parking lot， .
18．看到如此可爱的狗被杀死，他的心都碎了。
，he was heartbroken.
19．所有的作业都做完了，他出去玩了。
，he went out to play.
20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night； .
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
The UK，which is also referred 1. as Britain or Great Britain，is a 2. (fascinate)
country with a long history.It is made up of four countries—England，Scotland，Wales and Northern Ireland.The
four countries work together in some areas,3. they also have some 4. (different)，such
as different legal systems and national days.The UK was once taken over by four groups of people，who had
5. great influence on the culture of this country in many ways.For example，the Romans,
6. came in the first century，built many towns and roads all over the country.The Anglo-Saxons 7.
(introduce) the beginnings of the English language.The Vikings left behind the names of many locations and the
Normans had castles 8. (build) all around England.If you have known the history and geography of
this country，you will not 9. (confuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the history ofthe country will make your visit much 10. (enjoyable)．
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子
为本单元的语法项目：过去分词作定语和宾补)
When studying in the UK，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales ， Scotland and Ireland
1. to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away.The four countries 2. the
UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much
2. that showed the Great Britain was invaded by the Romans，the Vikings as well as the
Normans，who left their so-called achievements and influenced the names of locations and vocabulary.There
were many
3. places，so I had to keep my eyes open.Later I traveled to Ireland where I found myself
fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I was
5. with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 6. with the rolling mountains dotted with
sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scents of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in small
pubs which 7. a small amount of money for their service.Once I talked about their customs with a
crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，and they were 8. and
shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey .The journey was so striking that I’m 9.
to go there again.
题组C 培优拔尖练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's no secret that Auckland (the largest city in New Zealand) is a diverse city full of different cultures and new
research has shown exactly how it and the rest of the country are changing.
More than 200 ethnic (种族的) groups are recorded as living here and Auckland is considered to have a wider
variety of cultural groups than London or Sydney, with 40 percent of its population made up of different ethnicities.
The changing makeup of the country's population is featured in the latest NZ Geographic magazine, which
focuses on ethnic diversity, age, wealth and attitudes, drawn from the latest census (人口普查) figures.
Massey University humanities and social sciences research director Professor Paul Spoonley said Auckland's
multiculturalism today is way beyond what experts believed likely a few years ago.
Asian communities, in particular, in New Zealand have almost doubled since 2001, when 6. 6 percent of the
Kiwi people(New Zealanders) were Asian. The proportion (比例) in Auckland was 14.6 percent. By 2006, 18.9
percent of the citizens in the city were Asian and today 23 percent identify themselves as Asian.
Nationally, the census showed 11.8 percent of the population was Asian－and that figure was increasing.
“The figures are higher than I would have thought a few years back，” Mr. Spoonley said. “And the
healthcare system is attracting Asian workers.”
The article also showed that Kiwis had overall become more accepting of migrant communities and
particularly of Asian peoples. That had been a hugely noticeable change, Mr. Spoonley said.
An Asian community leader Kai Luey in Auckland said there were a number of things that attracted Asians toNew Zealand and particularly to Auckland. “The environment is clean, there's fresh air and there's safety of
food...There's a good education system here in New Zealand...”
New Zealand was also considered to be a much safer place than many other countries, such as America,
Canada and Australia.
1．What change has taken place in Auckland?
A．It has been developing at a higher speed. B．It has started to control its population.
C．It has begun to value ethnic cultures. D．It has become a more diverse city.
2．What is the proportion of Asians in Auckland now?
A．About onetenth. B．Below onefifth.
C．Nearly onefourth. D．More than twofifths.
3．Why do many Asians migrate to New Zealand according to Spoonley?
A．They need a better education. B．They want to live in a safe place.
C．They love the clean environment. D．They hope to get better healthcare.
4．What do most New Zealanders think of Asian migrants?
A．They are part of the society. B．They are a small ethnic group.
C．They are very likely to change. D．They are a threat to the country.
B
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that have an official day on which fathers are
honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents,
treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special.
Historians have recorded that there was a tradition to celebrate a day for fathers even thousands of years ago.
Their study says that 4,000 years ago in Babylon a son called Elmesu carved a father's day message on a clay card.
In his message Elmesu wished his father a long and healthy life.
However, in modern times the idea for creating a day for children to honor their fathers began in Spokane,
Washington. A woman by the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father's Day while listening to a
Mother's Day sermon in 1909. Having been raised by her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died,
Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to her. Sonora's father was born in June, so she chose to hold
the first Father's Day celebration in Spokane, Washington on the 19th of June, 1910.
The noble idea of celebrating Father's Day became quite popular in the US so much so that President
Woodrow Wilson approved of the festival in 1916. President Calvin Coolidge too supported the idea but it was
President Lyndon Johnson who signed a Presidential Proclamation declaring the third Sunday of June as Father's
Day in 1966.
Most commonly, children give Father's Day cards and flowers to their father. Neckties are a popular gift on the
occasion of Father's Day. Due to the tradition of giving gifts, cards makers, florists and gift sellers campaign for
Father's Day Festival in a big way and cash in on the sentiments of the people.
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Tell us the story of Elmesu. B．Support the findings of historians.C．Introduce an old case of Father's Day. D．Prove the source of modern Father's Day.
6．What do we know about Sonora?
A．She created Father's Day in 1909. B．She was abandoned by her mother.
C．She refused to celebrate Mother's Day. D．She had a deep affection for her father.
7．How many years did it take for Father's day to be officially declared?
A．About 4,000 years. B．About 56 years.
C．About 61 years. D．About 6 years.
8．Which of the following best explains “sentiments” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Actions. B．Feelings.
C．Activities. D．Incomes.
C
Stonehenge, the worldfamous circle of stone columns may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.
University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres
and they are thought to have been built around 4, 500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project
discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls, also known as “superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is
believed to have been completed 3, 500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. “What we are starting to see is the largest
surviving stone monument, preserved underneath a bank, which has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in
Europe，” said Vince Gaffney.
The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before
they were_toppled. “Our radar data has shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which
have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones，” said professor Wolfgang
Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.
“In the east, up to 30 stones...have survived below，” he said.“The extraordinary scale and details of the
evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, are greatly changing our understanding of
Stonehenge and the world around it，” Neubauer added.
“Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to
be rewritten，” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham.
The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of
Bradford.
9．Compared to the Stonehenge, the superhenge is believed to be ________.
A．1, 000 years earlier B．1, 000 years later
C．3, 500 years earlier D．4, 500 years earlier
10．What do researchers think of the superhenge?
A．It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.
B．It was built much later than the Stonehenge.
C．It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D．It is better protected than the Stonehenge.
11．What do the underlined words “were toppled”most probably mean?
A．Set up. B．Pushed down.
C．Moved away. D．Brought up.
12．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The Southern England Has Many Historic Sites
B．The British Science Festival Will Be Held Again
C．Bigger Brother to Stonehenge Has Been Discovered
D．The Project at the University of Birmingham
Ⅱ.语法填空
In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，1.________
Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal
bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2.________ (make) of gold
and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3.________ (create)
special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，
4.________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.Over time，5.________ the population grew，people began cutting
food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which
6.________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，7.________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．
C.，influenced the 8.________ (develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings
and 9.________ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India ， for example ， most people traditionally eat
10.________ their hands.
