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专题 17 阅读理解命题来源句式
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
题型特点及命题趋势
分析近几年来全国以及各省的高考英语试题，发现阅读理解部分的主要特点是：
1.内容新颖，语言地道
几乎所有的阅读材料都来自于国外的媒体或者仅在语言上稍做了加工，但是都保持了原
文地道的语言特点。
2.体裁多样，话题广泛
阅读理解考察最多的是说明文，占45%左右，其次为记叙文，占30%左右，应用文和议
论文各占15%和10%。
3.题型分布合理，突出智力题目的考察力度
近几年的高考英语《考试大纲》对学生的考察角度大都从以下几个方面着手：(1)理解
主旨和主要意义。(2)理解文中具体信息。(3)根据上下文推断生词的意义。(4)做出简单的判
断和推理。(5)理解文章的基本结构。(6)理解作者的意图，观点和态度。
高考阅读时间分配
1.4篇75—80分钟，平均每篇15—20分钟。
2.读文章的时间分配：用6—8分钟完成第一遍阅读，10—14分钟来琢磨题目，每题平
均2分钟。
高考阅读的特点：
①文章单词量不大，但句型结构复杂。(熟背大纲，将每篇文章中的长难句摘录下来，
加以背诵)
②作者的观点不一定明确。
③选项的迷惑性比较大。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司复习建议
阅读理解是历年高考命题中难度最大、分值比例最高的题，高三英语复习一般要求学生在
30～35分钟内完成5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解。每题2分，共计20小题，总分40
分，属客观题部分。高三学英语主要测学生对一篇大概 300字的书面英语理解能力，即在
阅读中准确地获取信息的能力以及推断材料隐含意义的能力。
考点导航
阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
①标志类、指示类的信息。
a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等
b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等
c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等
d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore等
e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握
②具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的
阅读理解答题技巧
1.先审题，后阅读
在做阅读理解部分的试题时，许多学生急于先精读文章，而不看题目所问。而事实上，
对于一些特殊的文章首先应该对后面的题目浏览一下，弄清楚每一道题问的是什么，然后
再带着问题有目地地阅读文章。
2.精读全文，找到主旨
高考阅读理解的考查点是理解文章的主旨和要义，这就需要我们在读文章时找准文章的
主旨句，理解文章大意。一般情况下，在一些新闻报道中，主题句一般都出现在文章的第
一段，以概括全文的中心。而在说明文或者议论文中，作者则在段首开门见山地提出文章
说明的中心或阐述的观点或在篇末概括全文，少部分文章的中心句出现在句中，而极少部
分文章的主旨需要读完全文来进行自我概括。总之，找到主题句对做主旨大意题有很大帮
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司助，而高考阅读理解则以这样的题目出现得较多，也是近几年来考题的一个热点，几乎每
个阅读里面都会出现，所以一定要加强这一部分的训练。
【题型分析】
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is
expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only
expensive organic foods instead.
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for
food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which
does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal
fat than external fat.
3. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became
the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
4. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer,
David does not see it that way.
5. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a
smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body
wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found
that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external
fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
1. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became
the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French
rather than German. ...
2. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly
products have contributed to the pollution problem.
3. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced,
and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
4. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by
half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
5. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless
we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by
trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite
fresh ideas that we can use ourselves..
检测训练
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Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school
year. But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District
of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司teacher rating system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools.
But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with
teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers
are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also
judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She
says, “This is an evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is
ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her
aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some
teachers, half of their rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test
scores are important. “Testing is probably one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on
teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources
of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in
the school system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become
better.
1. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
2. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class
3. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
4. The best title for the text might be________.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
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Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after
she accidentally tore a rare Superhero poster worth about £150,000 live on air.
To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was
tasked with showing rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve
got a very special display here called The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s.
This is a special poster that is worth about £150,000 and there are only ten of them in the world.”
Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic book poster (连环画海报).
Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on
but I’m feeling really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to
remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness!
Is this the original one that’s worth £150.000?”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward
moment. Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right,
didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. Completely unaware of
the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up,
right?” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves now, Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers
this.” While panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue
that back down again? Can we go to an advertisement?”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—
it was a joke! It’s not really worth £150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in
tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces.
5. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage?
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
6. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
7. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
8. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxiety
C. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
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For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least
some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do
one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better
for the environment?
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types
of chemicals used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when
washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to put aside a set
amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she says. “You don’t want
to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice
comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty
water into storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to
educate the public about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from
entering the Allegheny region’s waterways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil
can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says. “Storm sewers are not made
for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which Schombert
says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in
storm sewers. According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes
must use water reclamation systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out
of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at
commercial facilities.
9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
10. What worries people when they have their cars washed?
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
11. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home?
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
12. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk?
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY?
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?
D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago?
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We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place
where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the
circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked
at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents
in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the
finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street.
Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study
sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an
incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been
unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound (守旧的)
class system—children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies
were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class
or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their
parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made
in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is
much less true for African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which,
over all, “the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies
notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their
children’s median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted
all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little
supper: from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder,
but there is “stickiness at the end”—four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor,
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.
13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
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One after another telecommunications giants have announced their latest fifth generation
(5G) products. They have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by
2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G, many domestic media have described it as a"much faster"
technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other advantages. As a result. the common
public view about 5G is that they could "download a HD movie within one second". Beyond that,
most people know nothing about 5G.
Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to
the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for
at least three purposes—connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.
“Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Internet of Things would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple
terminals, and thus establish high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the
terminals timely react to meet people’s needs. Take autonomous vehicles for example, they are
mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors, such as radar,
computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will link all
the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to
establish perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which
will help strengthen self-driving technology.
Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can
be extended to other fields where high safety standards are required. For instance, in certain
surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots inside a patient’s body and have to maintain constant
control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions and do not cause any harm to the
patient. This is a technology that can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and continuous
connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
17. Which of the following can serve as an example of "connecting everything"?
A. Improvement of smart phone signals. B. Decrease in telecommunication cost.
C. High speed in playing computer games. D. Online tests for all members at the same time.
18. Why can 5G be used in the fields with high safety standards?
A. It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.
B. It can provide dependable and constant service.
C. It offers massive machine types of communication.
D. It employs 4G base stations and occupies less space.
19. What will the author most probably discuss in the following paragraph?
A. Eliminating delays. B. 5G network capacity
C. Disadvantages of 5G D. Building 5G base stations
20. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. 5G Technology: More than about High Speed
B. 5G Technology Will Shape the Future of Connectivity
C. Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G Technology
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司6
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it
was built in 1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were
deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the
flight of their lives.
For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on
the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest
imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.
For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost
its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before moving down towards Earth. The
intention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.
The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had
that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the
pilot put the plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut
out and we became weightless. Everything became confused, and left or right, up or down no
longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled aircraft out
of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still sudden
enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.
Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its
experiment. First it was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on their feet.
Then it was the German team, who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building
method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to
create solar sails that could be used by satellites.
After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the dominant feeling
was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable
experience and one that would be keen to repeat.
21. What did the pilot do with the plane?
A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
B. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
22. What was the point of being weightless?
A. To show the judges of the competition what they could do.
B. To prepare the young scientists for future work in space.
C. To see what conditions are like in space.
D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.
23. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to ________.
A. the excitement B. the trip
C. the opportunity D. the plane
24. The passage is intended to ________.
A. report on a new scientific technique
B. encourage young people to take science
C. show scientists what young people can do
D. describe the outcome of a scientific competition
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