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义务教育教科书 ENGLISH 英 语 九年级 全一册 主 编 王 蔷 副 主 编 曹瑞珍 陈则航 本册主编 王 蔷 马 欣 ·北京·基础教育教材网址 http://www.100875.com.cn All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission from Pearson Education, Inc. and Beijing Normal University Press. China edition published by PEARSON EDUCATION ASIA LTD., and BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY PRESS, Copyright © 2013. 北京市版权局著作权合同登记号：01-2013-4410 出版发行：北京师范大学出版社 www.bnupg.com 北京新街口外大街19号 邮政编码：100875 印 刷：北京京师印务有限公司 经 销：全国新华书店 开 本：184mm×260mm 印 张：13.25 字 数：500千字 版 次：2015 年7月第1版 印 次：2015 年7月第1次印刷 定 价：12.75元 ISBN 978-7-303-18604-4 责任编辑：孙山泉 杨杉杉 王 琦 装帧设计：王 蕊 责任校对：李 菡 责任印制：窦春香 孙文凯 版权所有 侵权必究 反盗版、侵权举报电话：010-58800697 北京读者服务部电话：010-58808104 外埠邮购电话：010-58808083 如发现印装质量问题，影响阅读，请与印制管理部联系调换。 印制管理部电话：010-58800825前 言 同学们: 翻开教材，你们会发现，这本教材的每个单元包含不同的学习板块。了解 教材的内容和结构对充分利用教材展开学习有重要意义。下面我们就一起看看 各个板块的主要内容和功能吧。 这是每个单元的起始。你们将在这个板块了 Getting Ready 解单元话题和单元学习目标，学习话题词汇，并 使用这些词汇进行初步的讨论。 每单元有三个语言输入课。你们将在这些课 Lessons 中学习语言知识，提升语言技能。 Communication 这一课是语言输出课。你们将在学习范文的 基础上，逐步提高英语写作和口语表达的能力。 Workshop 学完了前面的内容，你们将在这里对所学 Check Your Progress 内容进行自我检测，了解自己的学习效果。 这两个板块呈现了中外文化知识和轻松、有 Across Cultures / 趣的英语活动，是弹性学习内容。你们可以根据 Fun Zone 学习情况选择使用。 你们将在这个板块了解多种学习策略。试试 Study Help 看，你们会发现适合自己的学习方法。 这是每个单元的结尾。反思一下，自己在这个 Unit Diary 单元学到了什么，有哪些进步，哪里有待提高。 教材除了以上主要学习单元外，还设计了丰富的自主学习资源。如果有 兴趣，请读一读Literature Spot中的经典文学作品，与其他同学合作完成 Project，做一做Workbook中与学习单元配套的练习。如果学习中遇到了困 难，试着到Grammar Summary、Notes to the Texts、Tapescripts以及词 表中查找答案。衷心希望你们感受英语学习的快乐，不断进步！Scope and Sequence Unit / Pages Skills Reading: Body Language; Language Learning Tips 1 Listening: Different Kinds of English Language Speaking: Talking about English learning tips 5~16 Writing: Tips for English Learning Reading: Classics; Tom Sawyer 2 Listening: The Book Club Books Speaking: Introducing books 17~28 Writing: WWWhhhiiiccchhh IIIsss BBBeeetttttteeerrr——Paper Textbooks or E-textbooks? Reading: A Famous Inventor; Creative Minds 3 Listening: Good or Bad? Creativity Speaking: Introducing scientists and inventors 29~40 Writing:�My Favourite Scientist / Inventor Reading: Life in Space; The Spaceship 4 Listening: The Amazing Shenzhou Space Speaking: Talking about life in space 41~52 Writing: A Letter to an Astronaut Reading: Meeting Anne; A Famous Writer 5 Listening: The Dark Room Literature Speaking: Acting out a play 53~64 Writing: A Story Reading: BBBaaassskkkeeetttbbbaaallllll SSStttaaarrr————YYaaoo MMiinngg;; SStteevvee JJoobbss 6 Listening: People in Our Lives Role Models Speaking: Introducing a person 65~76 Writing: My Role Model Reading: The Silk Road; Life Is a Journey; To the South Pole 7 Journeys Speaking: Talking about journeys 77~88 Writing: My Journey Reading: Famous Discoveries; An Experiment Report 8 Listening: Discovery of the Year Discoveries Speaking: Giving a formal speech 89~100 Writing: My Discovery / Experience Reading:�Going Green; Tree Heroes 9 Listening: Our River Save the Planet Speaking: Talking about ways to protect the environment 101~112 Writing: Save the Planet Appendices pp. 113~210 2Strategies Functions Vocabulary Grammar · · · · Reading: Dealing with Checking for Nationalities / 被动语态 diffi cult words clarifi cation languages · · · · Reading: Understanding Judgement and Reading material 被动语态 true meaning evaluation · · · · Reading: Understanding Stating opinions Creativity 连词 cause and effect relationship · · · · Listening: Listening for Logical relations Space So that / so… numbers · Space programme that · Reading: Making inferences · · · · Reading: Putting events Judgement and Types of literature 定语从句 · in time order evaluation Describing objects · Animals · · · · Reading: Identifying the Introducing a Role models 不定式 main idea person · Listening: Identifying · Stating reasons the speaker’s views · · · · Reading : Poem appreciation Describing a Places 冠词 · journey · Reading: Identifying topic Life sentences · · · · Reading: Taking notes Making a formal Discoveries 条件状语从 speech 句 · · · Reading: Problems and Interview Pollution solutions · Reading: Facts and opinions 3语法分布表 语法项目 分 布 名词 七上：Get Ready D 七下：Unit 3 八下：Unit 3 七上：Get Ready B，Get Ready E，Unit 1，Unit 3，Unit 4 代词 八下：Unit 2，Unit 6 数词 七上：Get Ready B，Get Ready C 七下：Unit 5 七上：Get Ready D，Unit 2，Unit 3 介词和介词短语 八上：Unit 5，Unit 6 七下：Unit 6 八上：Unit 6 连词 八下：Unit 2，Unit 4 九年级：Unit 3，Unit 4 形容词 八上：Unit 3 七上：Unit 4 七下：Unit 1，Unit 6 副词 八上：Unit 3 冠词 七上：Unit 1 九年级：Unit 7 情态动词 七上：Unit 4 八上：Unit 2 现在进行时 七下：Unit 2 一般现在时 七上：Get Ready A，Unit 2 七下：Unit 1 一般过去时 七下：Unit 5 八上：Unit 1 动词 一般将来时 七下：Unit 4 过去进行时 八上：Unit 5 八上：Unit 6 现在完成时 八下：Unit 2，Unit 3 被动语态 九年级：Unit 1，Unit 2 非谓语动词 九年级：Unit 6 构词法 七下：Unit 2，Unit 6 八上：Unit 1，Unit 3，Unit 4 七上：Get Ready A，Get Ready D，Unit 4 句子种类 八上：Unit 1 八下：Unit 5，Unit 6 九年级：Unit 1 简单句 七上：Unit 3 七下：Unit 2，Unit 6 并列复合句 七下：Unit 6 宾语从句 八下：Unit 1，Unit 5，Unit 6 主从复 状语从句 八上：Unit 4 八下：Unit 4 九年级：Unit 4，Unit 8 合句 定语从句 九年级：Unit 5 4Talk about body language and customs. Unit 1 Read about language learning tips. Listen to a discussion about different kinds of English. Write language learning tips. Learn about passive voice and tag questions. A B C D LLaanngguuaaggee Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. Which are 2 Look at the photos and discuss nationalities? Which are languages? the questions below. Which are both? 1 How can we pass on information? 2 How many languages can you speak? Key Words: Nationalities / Languages What are they? American, Australian, British, 3 Do you know any sign language? Canadian, Chinese, English, French, What gestures do you use to German, Indian, Japanese, Russian communicate? (e.g. thumbs up, waving your hand…) Example French is a nationality and also a language. 51 Body Language Language Warm-up RReeaaddiinngg 1 Match the body language with their 2 Skim the text. What is the writer's meanings. opinion on the importance of body language? 111111111111 222222222222 333333333333 444444444444 3 Read the text and answer the following questions. thumbs up high fi ve OK sign V sign 1 How can body language help us communicate? a It is OK. b I win! 2 What diffi culties may we have when c Yeah! d Well done! using body language in other cultures? BBooddyy llaanngguuaaggee iiss aann iimmppoorrttaanntt ffoorrmm ooff ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn tthhaatt iiss uusseedd eevveerryywwhheerree,, aalltthhoouugghh wwee ddoonn’’tt oofftteenn tthhiinnkk aabboouutt iitt.. SSoommee mmeessssaaggeess aarree uunnddeerrssttoooodd bbyy ppeeooppllee aarroouunndd tthhee wwwooorrrlllddd sssiiimmmppplllyyy bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee nnnooottt cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteeeddd bbbyyy wwoorrddss.. FFoorr eexxaammppllee,, iinn mmaannyy ccoouunnttrriieess,, ppeeooppllee nnoodd tthheeiirr hheeaaddss ttoo sshhooww aaggrreeeemmeenntt aanndd tthheeyy ppuutt tthheeiirr fifi nnggeerrss uupp ttoo tthheeiirr mmoouutthhss ttoo aasskk ffoorr ssiilleennccee.. HHHooowwweeevvveeerrr,,, bbbooodddyyy lllaaannnggguuuaaagggeee iiisss uuussseeeddd dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennntttlllyyy iiinnn dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt cccuuullltttuuurrreeesss... FFFooorrr eexxaammppllee,, iinn ssoommee wweesstteerrnn ccuullttuurreess,, ppeeooppllee sshhrruugg tthheeiirr sshhoouullddeerrss ttoo sshhooww tthheeyy ddoonn’’tt uunnddeerrssttaanndd oorr tthheeyy ddoonn’’tt ccaarree aabboouutt ssoommeetthhiinngg.. TThhiiss iissnn’’tt ccoommmmoonn iinn ootthheerr ppllaacceess.. IInn AAssiiaann ccoouunnttrriieess,, ssuucchh aass JJaappaann,, ppeeooppllee bbooww ttoo sshhooww rreessppeecctt wwhheenn tthheeyy ggrreeeett eeaacchh ootthheerr oorr ssaayy ggooooddbbyyee.. TThhiiss iissnn’’tt ddoonnee iinn tthhee WWeesstt.. SSoommeettiimmeess,, ppeeooppllee tthhiinnkk tthheeyy kknnooww aabboouutt tthhee bbooddyy llaanngguuaaggee ccuussttoommss ooff cceerrttaaiinn ccuullttuurreess,, bbuutt iinn ffaacctt,, tthheeyy ddoonn’’tt kknnooww eennoouugghh.. TTaakkee bboowwiinngg aass aann eexxaammppllee.. MMaannyy ttrraavveelllleerrss aarreenn’’tt ssuurree hhooww ttoo bbooww oorr wwhheenn ttoo bbooww wwhhiillee iinn JJaappaann.. KKiissssiinngg iiss aannootthheerr eexxaammppllee tthhaatt wwee nneeeedd ttoo lleeaarrnn aabboouutt.. IInn mmaannyy EEuurrooppeeaann ccuullttuurreess,, wwoommeenn aanndd cchhiillddrreenn aarree kkiisssseedd oonn eeaacchh cchheeeekk bbyy ffaammiillyy mmeemmbbeerrss oorr ffrriieennddss wwhheenn tthheeyy mmeeeett iinn tthhee ssttrreeeett.. NNeeww ffrriieennddss aarree oofftteenn ggrreeeetteedd wwiitthh aa kkiissss oonn tthhee cchheeeekk bbyy EEuurrooppeeaannss aatt ppaarrttiieess.. TTwwoo mmeenn uussuuaallllyy sshhaakkee hhaannddss aanndd ppuutt tthheeiirr ffrreeee hhaanndd oonn eeaacchh ootthheerr’’ss sshhoouullddeerrss.. IInn tthhee MMiiddddllee EEaasstt,, yyoouu mmuusstt bbee ccaarreeffuull aabboouutt yyoouurr ffeeeett.. IItt iiss vveerryy rruuddee ttoo sshhooww tthhee bboottttoomm ooff yyoouurr sshhooee wwhheenn yyoouu rreesstt oonnee lleegg oonn ttoopp ooff tthhee ootthheerr.. IItt iiss aallssoo nnoott ppoolliittee ttoo ttoouucchh ppeeooppllee wwiitthh yyoouurr sshhooeess.. SSoo,, aass wwee ccaann sseeee,, bbooddyy llaanngguuaaggee iiss jjuusstt aass iimmppoorrttaanntt aass tthhee ssppookkeenn llaanngguuaaggee wwhheenn wwee ccoommmmuunniiccaattee wwiitthh ppeeooppllee ffrroomm ootthheerr ccuullttuurreess.. 6Unit 1 Language 4 Complete the table according to the text. 7 Complete the following sentences with the passive voice. Body Purpose Place 1 The cakes ______ (make) by Mum. language 2 The letter _____ (write) in Chinese. nod to show _______ around the world 3 We ________ (invite) to the party. _______ to ask for silence around the world 4 Mary ________ (give) lots of gifts. shrug to show they don’t in some ______ shoulders ______ or ______ 8 Change the following sentences bow to show _____ in ______, into the passive voice. especially in 1 Tourists buy a lot of postcards here. _____ 2 Students take tests every Friday. ________ greeting (for women in Europe 3 Sarah walks the dog every day. & children) 4 Dad does all the housework. ________ men greeting each in Europe other Speaking Grammar 被动语态（一般现在时） 9 Who usually does the following housework in your family? 5 Read the following sentences and fi nd Use the passive voice to make similar ones from the text. Then fi nd sentences. rules to complete the table. ·make breakfast ·sweep the fl oor They aaarrreee uuunnndddeeerrrssstttooooooddd bbyy ppeeooppllee aarroouunndd ·wash the dishes ·cook dinner the world. It isn’t done in the West. 10 Pair Work What body language do you / your friends / your parents 被动语态 often use? Share with your partner. 主语+ 助动词 + 过去分词 He / She / It ______ kissed ... Example given ... You / We / They seen ... A: What body language do your ______ parents often use? shown ... I B: My mum often hugs me. ______ used ... Hugging is used to show love. Grammar Summary 1, page 172. • holding hands (love) 6 Circle the doer in the following • patting shoulders (support) sentences. • crossing arms (anger) 1 This meal is cooked by my grandpa. • putting thumbs up (praise) 2 English is spoken by many people around • clapping hands the world. (encourage) 3 The glass is broken by Tim. 72 Different Kinds of English Warm-up 1 Read the words below. Match the words with the same meaning. mate petrol cookie trainers gas friend sneakers biscuit 2 Do you know any other diff erences between British English and American English? LLiisstteenniinngg 3 Listen to the dialogue and tick the Xiaoxia is studying in the United States diff erences mentioned. this summer. She is talking with her □ spelling □ □ use of words teacher about the differences between □ word order □ pronunciation British English and American English. 4 Listen and circle the notes / bills colour / color examples mentioned in the dialogue. check / bill gray / grey sweater / jumper fl at / apartment programme / program fi rst fl oor / ground fl oor 5 LLLiiisssttteeennn aaagggaaaiiinnn aaannnddd wwwrrriiittteee ttthhheee eeexxxaaammmpppllleeesss iiinnn ttthhheee cccooorrrrrreeecccttt bbboooxxx bbbeeelllooowww... AAmmeerriiccaann EEnngglliisshh British English 8Unit 1 Language Function 确认信息 9 Fill in the blanks with the correct question tags. 6 Read the Key Expressions. 1 Rachel hasn't fi nished her homework, ________? Key Expressions: Checking for clarification 2 They will come over for dinner, ______? It’s hard, isn’t it? 3 Judy won the competition, _________? But you pay with “bills”, don’t you? 4 You drink coffee, ____________? You didn’t realise there were so many 5 They weren't at home, ____________? differences, did you? But you understand each other, don’t Speaking you? 10 Pair Work Guess the answers to the following questions and 7 What do the responses mean? ask your partner for clarifi cation. Circle a or b. • How old is your partner? 1 A: But you pay with bills, don't you? • How does your partner come to school? B: Yes, I do. • What sport can your partner do? a "I pay with bills." • What is your partner’s mother’s job? b "I don't pay with bills." • Did your partner watch TV yesterday? 2 A: You didn't realise there were so many Example differences, did you? B: No, I didn't. A: You are seventeen years old, aren’t you? a "I realised there were so many B: Yes, I am. / No, I’m … years old. differences." b "I didn't realise there were so many 11 Your Turn Work in groups. Give differences." a presentation on the diff erences between British English and 8 Choose the correct question tag. American English. 1 Your friend is here, is he / isn't he? Example 2 You speak English, aren't you / don't you? There are some differences between 3 You haven't seen her, have you / has she? British English and American English. You can see these differences 4 You didn't go out last night, do you / did you? in ... 5 Ben doesn't have a sister, has he / does he? 93 Language Learning Tips Warm-up Reading 1 What do you think is diffi cult about learning English? What do you do 2 Read the discussion and answer to improve your English? the questions. a What problems does David have in Example English learning? Remembering English words is b What suggestions do the three students diffi cult for me. I always have a give him? small notebook with me, and I c What suggestions does Mrs Smith give write down new words. It helps. him? Well, I don’t know how you all feel, but I find English really difficult. There are just so many words to remember, and the language structures David are so diffi cult to understand. My problem is that I can’t remember all the new words and I fi nd long passages diffi cult to understand. I’m so worried. How can I improve my English? Don’t worry, David. I often use chants, songs and pictures to help me remember new words, and they’re quite useful. I also check the number Tina of words I can remember each day. Then I’ll test myself again after one or two days. For very diffi cult words, I’ll review them again one or two weeks later. The important thing is to review the new words often. For long passages, you should try to understand the general meaning and key points first. And for language structures, the best way to remember Brian them is to use them. Try to do more reading, listening, speaking and writing in English. The more you use them, the easier learning English will be. As for me, I like to check my learning progress once a week. I usually make a list of things I do well and those I don’t. Then I’ll set my goals and work Anne out a learning plan to achieve them. I fi nd it very useful, and my English has improved a lot. By the way, I always reward myself when I achieve my goals. Never give up, David. Learning English is hard, but your English is Mrs already very good. I'm sure you'll fi nd a learning method that suits you. Smith Remember, we’re all good at different things and we can all make a diff erence! 10Unit 1 Language 3 Read the text again and fill in the table. 6 Look at the underlined words in the text. Choose the correct meaning. Name Suggestions An interesting way to learn English is by ●remember new words using watching fi lms. Choose a (1) familiar Tina ______________________ fi lm – one that you’ve watched more ●__________ the new words ●for long passages, try to than once. Don’t read the (2) subtitles understand _______________ on the screen while you watch it. Listen Brian ●______ language structures in carefully and (3) jjjjooootttt ddddoooowwwwnnnn uusseeffuull wwoorrddss order to remember them or phrases in a notebook. It is diffi cult to ●_____________ once a week listen to English (4) ccccoooonnnnttttiiiinnnnuuuuoooouuuussssllllyyyy ffoorr aa lloonngg ●use a ________________ to Anne time, so at fi rst you may just watch 10 - 15 achieve goals, _____ yourself once they are achieved minutes a day. 1 aaa lliikkee bbb kknnoowwiinngg sstthh vveerryy wweellll 4 Read the Reading Help. Then 2 aaa wwoorrddss sshhoowwnn aatt tthhee bbb iimmaaggeess iinn choose the correct meaning of the bottom of a fi lm a fi lm words from the text. 3 aaa wwrriittee ddoowwnn qquuiicckkllyy bbb rreemmeemmbbeerr Reading Help: Dealing with diffi cult words 4 a slowly bbb wwiitthhoouutt ssttooppppiinngg • Read the sentence with the diffi cult word. Is the word a noun, an adjective, a verb or Speaking an adverb? 7 Group Work Get into groups of • Read the sentences before and after and try four. Discuss your English learning to guess the meaning from the context. problems and give each other 1 review (para. 2) suggestions. a learn b look again c change Example A: I can’t remember new words. 2 reward (para. 4) What can I do? a happy b a prize B: I think it’s a good idea to use chants c give something to someone because and songs to remember new words. of good work, behaviour, etc. It is fun and easy! 3 suit (para. 5) a correct b be right for c a way 5 Your Opinion Which suggestion do you think is helpful for you? What suggestion would you give to David? 11Communication Workshop Language Reading 1 Read Minghua’s online discussion with Steve. What learning tips does Steve off er? Write V for vocabulary, G for grammar and S for speaking in the circles. Hi. I'm Minghua from China. I'm learning English and I feel so frustrated. There are just so many new words to remember and English grammar rules are really confusing. I become very nervous when I speak English, too. What should I do? Hi Minghua, Don’t be frustrated. Learning a new language is not easy. I can share some of my learning tips with you. For vocabulary, I think it’s useful to make word lists for different topics. For example, you can make lists for fruit, vegetables and animals. Then you can review them whenever you have time. The more you review, the more easily you'll remember! And when you want to speak or write on a certain topic, you can refer to those lists. As for grammar rules, I’ve used pictures and tables to help me, for example with verb tenses. I've also tried to put difficult structures into songs, but I think the best way to remember grammar rules is to use them. These methods work well for me. You can have a try. In the past, I was also very nervous when I spoke English in class because I was afraid of making mistakes. Then, I tried to talk to myself. Whenever I was alone, I just talked to myself in English. It worked. Now I no longer feel nervous when I speak English in class! I hope these tips are helpful for you. I am sure you will feel less frustrated soon. Good luck! Steve Text Builder 2 Look at the learning problems in the table and fi nd the solutions in the online discussion and complete the table. 12Unit 1 Language English-learning Problems Solutions ① Trouble with remembering new words ② Frustration with grammar rules ③ Nervous when speaking Writing 3 Write one or two of your 4 Exchange your English learning problems English learning problems. with your partner. Write down solutions to your partner's problems. Tips for English Learning My partner John has diffi culty in … I think he should … Speaking 5 TTTeeellllll ttthhheee ccclllaaassssss aaabbbooouuuttt yyoouurr partner’s English learning problems and your solutions. 13Unit 1 Check Your Progress A Complete the passage. Use the C Change the following sentences from correct form of the words on the active voice to passive voice. right. People in Australia speak English. English is spoken by people in Australia. The difference between Britain 15 She sells cakes in the market. 1 and 2 America ______________________________ spelling makes me feel 16 Dad washes the dishes every evening. 3 . However, it's frustration important to pay 4 attend ______________________________ to this when writing. 17 We use pictures to remember new words. 5 letters in silence ______________________________ 6 words make England spelling more 7 , diffi culty D Use the words to make sentences but the more you use in the passive voice. them, the 8 you ease Dinner / every day. / Ada / cooks will feel. Dinner is cooked by Ada every day. 18 them / Computer games / on Saturdays. / play ______________________________ B Write the correct words in the blanks. 19 writes / him / Beautiful songs. _______________________________ cross nod hug kiss shrug shake 20 The fl oor / me / sweep / in the morning. _______________________________ You can … E Circle the correct question tags. 9 _____ your mother to show you love her. 21 You’ve been there, aren't you / haven’t 10 ________ your shoulders if you don’t you? understand. 22 She speaks American English, doesn’t 11 ________ your family or friends on she / does she? 23 The dog didn’t eat the ball, did it / the cheek when you meet in Europe. does it? 12 ________ someone’s hand to say hello. 24 Your mother is not a doctor, isn't she / 13 ________ your head to agree. is she? 14 ________ your arms to show you are 25 We’re number one, aren’t we / are we? angry. 26 You’ll do your homework, won’t you / do you? Vocabulary / 14 Grammar / 12 14Across Cultures 1 CCChhhiiinnneeessseee aaannnddd EEEnnngggllliiissshhh 1 Do you think English is a diffi cult language? Why / Why not? 2 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 Which two languages are spoken by more people in the world than any other language? 2 Why is Chinese diffi cult to learn? 3 How are English letters and pronunciation related? 4 How are tones used in Chinese? 3 Read the text again. Which language do you think is more diffi cult, English or Chinese? Why? Chinese and English are very different languages. Each language developed along a diff erent path and has a very different system of writing and pronunciation. However, despite their huge diff erences, both languages are spoken by more people in the world than any other language. Chinese began to develop around 1000 BC. It has gone through many forms and has many diff erent dialects (方言). Mandarin (普通话) is now the most widely used form of Chinese. English began to develop in Britain around the year 100 AD. Local languages, old German, Latin and other European languages mixed and became a new language. This is why, even today, many words in English sound familiar to people who speak other European languages. Chinese writing uses a system of strokes (笔画) to make characters, which represent a sound, a word or an idea. Learning to read Chinese takes great memorization skills and learning to write it takes many hours of repeated practice. Words must be learnt together with their symbol, meaning and pronunciation. English, on the other hand, uses an alphabet (字母). Each letter and some letter combinations (组合) have a different sound. Letters are put together to make a word with a particular pronunciation. Once you learn the basic patterns, you can say most new words you see. Tone (语调) is used very diff erently in Chinese and English. Chinese has four tones, which usually convey (表达) the actual meaning of a word. In English, tone of voice creates emphasis (强调), follows a pattern or conveys the emotions (情感) or attitude (态度) of the speaker. 15Unit 1 Study Help Communication Problems ● TToo cchheecckk iiff ssoommeeoonnee uunnddeerrssttaannddss yyoouu,, yyoouu ccaann ssaayy:: ““DDoo yyoouu uunnddeerrssttaanndd mmee??”” YYoouu ccaann aallssoo uussee tthheessee expressions: - Do you know what I mean? - I think …, don't you? ● If someone doesn't understand what you say, try saying it in a diff erent way. For example: A: In many countries, you can ask for silence by putting your fi nger up to your mouth. B: Sorry? A: I mean, you can ask others to keep quiet by putting your fi nger up to your mouth. B: I see. Work in pairs. Say these sentences in a different way. ● English structures are very complex. ● I can’t do revision continuously for hours. ● My English test result is very unsatisfactory. I feel so frustrated. Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the texts about body language and language learning tips. • I can make sentences in the passive voice. Language • I can use tag questions to check for and Skills clarifi cation and agreement. • I know how to deal with diffi cult words. • I can write about my English learning problems and the ways to solve them. • I know some differences between Culture English and Chinese. • I know how to solve communication Study Skills problems. 16Talk about different kinds of books. Unit 2 Read an introduction about some books. Listen to students talking about books. Write about books and e-books. Learn more about passive voice. A B C D BBooookkss Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. What do you 2 Look at the pictures B, C and D. like to read? Where are the books? Match the lett ers with the locations. Key Words: Reading material in a bookshop comic book, classic, dictionary, oonn tthhee IInntteerrnneett e-book, history book, iinn aa lliibbrraarryy how-to book, play, poem, science fiction book, short story 1177vv 4 Classics Books Warm-up Reading 1 Match the writers (1-4) with the book 2 Work in groups of three. Each titles (a-d). Which books have you read? read a passage. Then ask and Do you like them? Why or why not? answer the questions. 1 What is the title of the book? 1 J.K. Rowling a Lord of the Flies b The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 2 Who is the writer? 2 Mark Twain ccc HHaarrrryy PPootttteerr aanndd tthhee GGoobblleett 3 Lewis Carroll 3 Who are the main characters? of Fire 4 William Golding d Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 4 When was it published? 1 Tom Sawyer fi rst appeared in Mark Twain’s book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. He also appears in three other books by Twain. Tom is an orphan. His curiosity and friendship with a boy named Huckleberry Finn often get him into trouble with his serious Aunt Polly. 3 The book includes dialogues that Lord of the Flies was show how language was spoken written by William Golding. at the time. At the time it was published, people The book is about a group weren’t used to this and it upset some people. of young boys. They are However, it has remained a popular and important forced to stay on an island book since it was fi rst published in 1876. together after their plane has an accident. As they 2 wait for help, they try to The silly creatures in Alice's live off the land and build Adventures in Wonderland were a small society. However, created by Lewis Carroll. In the 1865 the boys don’t get along, book, a young girl named Alice and have trouble keeping falls down a rabbit hole and drops the peace. into a strange land. As she travels through the land, she meets many The book was published in characters, solves puzzles and tries 1954. Although it was not to avoid the awful Queen of Hearts. a great success at first, it became popular later. Carroll was very bright and he had a degree in By the early 1960s, it was maths from Oxford. When he wrote the book, he taught in many schools in also added maths puzzles to the story. As they were Britain. Two fi lms have also so well hidden, many readers today still enjoy trying been made of the story. to fi nd and solve these puzzles. 18Unit 2 Books 3 Read the three texts. Which book is 6 Change these sentences into each sentence about? passive voice. 1 Two thieves stole the painting last night. 1 The main character has a good friend. 2 My parents have bought a new TV. 2 The characters have a fi ght. 3 Dad has taken some nice photos. 3 One of the characters is a serious woman. 4 The baby broke the glasses this morning. 4 IIIttt wwwaaasss nnnooottt pppooopppuuulllaaarrr wwwhhheeennn iiittt wwwaaasss ppuubblliisshheedd.. 5 Judy will fi nish the work at 7 pm. 5 The writer wrote about the main 6 Ben built this toy house last week. character in four of his books. Speaking 4 Your Opinion What do the three books from page 18 have in common? 7 Group Work Imagine you are How are they diff erent? going to have a birthday party. What preparations have been done? Look 被被动动语语态态（（其其他他时时态态）） Grammar at the picture and make sentences. 5 Read the sentences and fi nd similar ones from the text. Then complete • hang up the decorations √ the table below. • make the cake √ • buy food √ Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding. • take out the plates × By the early 1960s, it wwwaaasss tttaaauuuggghhhttt iinn • put fl owers on the table × many schools in Britain. • put candles on the cake × 主动语态 被动语态 John Clear made These records ______ Example these records. by John Clear. The decorations have been hung up. He will finish the The work __________ work on time. on time (by him). The old man has 1,000 trees __________ 8 Your Turn Talk to your partner planted 1,000 trees by the old man this year. about your favourite book. Use the this year. questions to help you. Grammar Summary 1, page 172. • What's the title of the book? Watch out! • Who was it written by? • When was it written? In passive sentences, we often leave out the doer of the action • Where does the story take place? (bbbyyy XXX)) bbeeccaauussee tthhee ddooeerr mmaayy • Who are the main characters? be unknown, unimportant or • What is the story about? obvious. • Do you like it? Why or why not? 195 The Book Club Books Warm-up LLiisstteenniinngg 1 Do you like reading? What kind of 3 Listen to the interview. Tick the books do you like to read? How quotations that are mentioned. oft en do you read? 4 Listen to the interview again and Example answer the questions. I like reading. Short stories are my 1 What’s the programme’s name? favourite. I read at least three times a week. I usually read in the evening 2 What do the guests do for a living? after doing my homework. 3 What are the topics discussed in the 2 Match the quotations with the interview? meanings below. 4 What’s Peter’s opinion? What’s Sandra’s Meaning Quotation opinion? a) I'm happy that the books I wrote are inspiring. b) People who read a lot today will succeed in the future. c) You need to choose good books to read. d) Books that encourage a love of reading are good. 1 “I'm rather proud of the fact that I know several astronauts who became astronauts through reading my books.” 2 “Any book that helps a child to form a habit of reading, to make reading one of his deep and continuing needs, is good for him.” 3 “Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.” 44 ““TThhee mmaann wwhhoo ddooeessnn''tt rreeaadd ggoooodd bbooookkss hhaass nnoo aaddvvaannttaaggee over the man who can't read them.” 20Unit 2 Books Books 5 Listen again and choose the best Speaking answer. 7 Your Turn What do you think of 1 Sandra White is ____. the quotations on page 20? Discuss a famous with your partner. b the host of the show ccc aa tteeaacchheerr Example 2 What does Peter think about Mark A: What do you think of “Today a Twain? reader, tomorrow a leader.”? a He likes reading all kinds of books. b He can’t read or write. B: That’s not always true. Reading ccc HHee iiss cclleevveerr.. can help, but you won’t become a leader just by reading a lot of 3 Sandra thinks ____. books. a all books are wonderful b famous people only read good books 8 Pair Work What kinds of books ccc ssoommee bbooookkss hheellpp ppeeooppllee lleeaarrnn are good books? Talk with your 4 According to Sandra, a good book is ____. partner. Give examples if possible. a easy b inspiring ccc iinntteerreessttiinngg Example A: I think good books can teach us a lot of things about human nature. B: Right. And they should be interesting so people want to read them. 9 Share your ideas in Exercise 8 with 判断与评价1 Function the class. 6 Read the Key Expressions. Example Key Expressions: Judgement and I like reading. I think reading is a good evaluation habit because it helps us learn about That’s true. different things. For example … Well, not all books help people learn. … but one thing is clear: good books are inspiring. Right. That’s very interesting! 216 Tom Sawyer Books Warm-up Reading 1 Do you remember The Adventures 3 Read the text. Was your prediction of TTTooommm SSSaaawwwyyyeeerrr ffrroomm ppaaggee 1188?? about Exercise 2 correct? Who wrote it? Who are the main 4 Read the text again and answer characters? the questions. 1 When and where did the story happen? 2 Look at the picture. Which boy do 2 What was Tom doing? Did he like it? you think Tom Sawyer is? What is 3 Who did the work in the end? How did he doing? Who is the other boy? he feel about the work? It was a beautiful Saturday morning, a perfect morning for playing or swimming. However, Tom had to fi nish the work Aunt Polly gave him. As Tom started to paint Aunt Polly’s very long fence, along came Ben Rogers with a juicy apple in his hand. Tom was silent. He focused on his painting like an artist. “Looks like a lot of work, Tom.” Tom turned suddenly. “Oh, it's you, Ben! I didn’t notice.” “I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could come instead of doing work?” “What do you call work?” asked Tom. “Isn't that work?” Tom kept painting and answered carelessly, “Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is it isn’t work for me.” “Oh come on. You can't mean you like it?” Tom continued painting. “Like it? Well, I don't see why not. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence every day?” That put the thing in a new light. Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom swept his brush carefully back and forth, added a touch of paint here and there, and stopped to take a look at it all. Ben watched every move and became more and more interested until he fi nally said, “Tom, why don’t you let me paint a little?” Tom considered Ben’s off er. “Well, no, I can’t let you, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly’s very proud of this fence. I think there isn't one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it the way it's got to be done.” “Oh come on. Let me try. I’d let you, if I were painting, Tom.” “Ben, I'd like to, honestly, but Aunt Polly, well …” “I’ll be careful. Just let me try. I’ll give you some of my apple.” “Well, no, Ben. I’m afraid …” “I'll give you all of it!” Tom slowly gave Ben the paintbrush. Ben took the brush eagerly and started to paint. On Tom's face was a look of regret but in his heart, he was satisfi ed. 22Unit 2 Books 5 Read the Reading Help. Then choose 6 Your Opinion What kind of boy is what the characters think when they Tom? How did he make Ben do the work for him? speak. Use the context to help you. Vocabulary Reading Help: Understanding true meaning • Characters, just like real people, may not 7 Complete the sentences with words always say what they mean and how they from the box in their proper forms. feel directly. come on put…in a new light • The clues in the text, logic, personal take a look at you can't mean experience and your knowledge of human behaviour can help you fi nd out whether 1 ______ that panda. It’s so cute. the characters mean what they say. 2 ______. Let me have one more candy. 1 Tom turned suddenly. “Oh, it’s you, 3 ______ you forgot to take your English Ben! I didn’t notice.” test? a Tom was happy to see Ben. 4 When we______ a matter ______, b Tom was surprised to see Ben. we can see a different side of it. ccc TToomm wwaanntteedd BBeenn ttoo tthhiinnkk hhee wwaass surprised to see him. Speaking 2 “What do you call work?” asked Tom. 8 Role-play Role-play the story on a Tom enjoyed doing the work. page 22 with your partner. b Tom didn’t like the work at all. ccc Tom wanted to make Ben believe 9 Your Turn Think of an interesting story you have read and tell the class painting the fence was enjoyable. about it. 3 “Well, no, I can’t let you, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly’s very proud of this fence. Example I think there isn't one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it I once read a book called “Charlotte’s the way it's got to be done.” Web”. The book has an interesting a Tom didn’t want Ben to do the work. storyline. Once… b Tom tried to make Ben believe painting the fence was an honour. ccc BBeenn ccoouullddnn’’tt ddoo tthhee wwoorrkk aass wweellll aass TToomm.. 23Communication Workshop Books Reading 1 Read Jenny’s blog and complete the sentences below with e-books or paper books. http://www.jennysblog.net Books and E-books As a book lover, I’ve tried both paper books and e-books. While both give you the pleasure of reading, the experience can be quite different. Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to buy from bookshops and comfortable to read. Paper books also allow readers to make notes easily. However, some books, such as dictionaries, can be heavy and are not easy to carry around. Compared with paper books, e-books benefit students in many aspects. E-books can be stored in a reader, which is much lighter. Many e-book readers also have a dictionary for you to check new words quickly! However, you can only get e-books online. Unlike paper books, you must read e-books on an e-book reader, a computer, or a smartphone. This adds extra cost. Moreover, our eyes can get tired easily when we read e-books on the screen for a long time. Although more people will try e-books, I believe paper books will not disappear. In my opinion, it doesn’t matter which you use as long as it allows you to enjoy reading. 1 _______ are easier to get because you can buy them from bookshops. 2 _______ are convenient for making notes. 3 _______ are easier to read. Your eyes won’t get tired easily. 4 _______ are easier to carry since you can store many of them in one device. Text Builder 2 What's the function of each paragraph in Jenny's blog? (Introduction, Conclusion, Advantages of paper books, Advantages of e-books) Para. 1: ____________________ Para. 2: ____________________ Para. 3: ____________________ Para. 4: ____________________ 24Unit 2 Books 3 Look at the lists and complete the advantages and disadvantages of paper textbooks and e-textbooks. ② Paper textbooks ① Introduction Advantages:___________ _____________________ Topic Disadvantages:_________ _____________________ ③ E-textbooks AAddvvaannttaaggeess::______________________ ④ Conclusion _____________________ Personal opinions/ Disadvantages:_________ Summary _____________________ Writing Speaking 4 Write about your opinion on 5 Tell the class about your opinion e-textbooks and paper textbooks. on e-textbooks and paper textbooks. Use your notes from Exercise 3 and the example on page 24 to help you. I prefer … to … for several reasons. First of all, … Example Compared to e-textbooks, paper textbooks are … Which Is Better — Paper Textbooks or E-textbooks? 25Unit 2 Check Your Progress A Match the needs with the types of C Write sentences in the blanks based books. on the example given. I am / need to … Types of books Present 1 going to Europe cookbook The book is read by many people. 2 know what a word 13 Past travel book means _______________________________ comic book 3 have a laugh 14 Future 4 build a doghouse how-to book _______________________________ 5 making dinner 15 Present continuous history book 6 do research on Qing _______________________________ dictionary Dynasty 16 Present perfect 7 read a good story joke book _______________________________ B Complete the sentences. Use the D What English sayings are these? Change words in the box. the following sentences from passive voice to active voice and fi nd them. remain force create depend on prefer The work is made light by many hands. Many hands make light work. 8 Shakespeare ________ many interesting characters in his works. 17 The cat is killed by curiosity. ______________________________ 9 --- Coffee or tea? 18 The dust was bitten by the man. --- I would ________ tea, thanks. ______________________________ 10 Robert ________ close to his Chinese 19 The sheep can be separated from the students after he went back to America. goats by Douglas. ______________________________ 11 It’s very hard to ________ a kid to eat something he doesn’t want to. 20 All his eggs were put in one basket by Gavin. 12 Whether we need more food ______________________________ ________ how many people come. Vocabulary / 12 Grammar / 8 26Fun Zone 1 BOOKS! 1 Which characters are these sentences 2 Read and answer these questions about books. about? Write the correct names in H th a e rr b y lanks . Alice Tom c 1 a l W led h H o u h c a k s l e a b e b r e ry st F f in ri n e ? nd 2 Who is the author of 1 ________ meets a terrible “The Lord of the Rings”? queen in a strange place. 2 ________ lives b 3 o W ys h w ic h h o b li o v o e k o n is a a n b o is u la t n s d om ? e with his aunt who is serious. 4 Who is the main character of J.K. Rowling’s world-famous 3 ________________ aanndd hhiiss ffrriieennddss book series? can do magic. W s 5 p i e t W c c i h a h l a a n l t a d n i t s d h e t in h W e “ a T n r h d a e r m o L b e i e o o ” n ? f , t t h h e e 3 Put these notes in the correct order to fi nd out what happens in the story "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens. a Scrooge wakes up. He is grateful that he has been returned to Christmas Day. He rushes out onto the street to share his newly found Christmas spirit of kindness and generosity (慷慨). b Finally the SSSpppiiirrriiittt ooofff CCChhhrrriiissstttmmmaaasss YYYeeettt tttooo CCCooommmeee lleeaaddss Scrooge through scenes related to a man’s recent death. Scrooge looks at the headstone (墓碑) and is shocked to read his own name. c Later that night, the SSSpppiiirrriiittt ooofff CCChhhrrriiissstttmmmaaasss PPPaaasssttt ttaakkeess Scrooge on a journey into the past to previous Christmas from his early years. d After that, the Spppiiirrriiittt ooofff CCChhhrrriiissstttmmmaaasss PPPrrreeessseeennnttt ttaakkeess Scrooge through London to unveil Christmas as it will happen that year. e Scrooge, a mean old man, sits in his store on a cold Christmas Eve. His nephew, Fred, pays him a visit and invites him to his Christmas party. Scrooge responds coldly. 27Unit 2 Study Help Revision for Exams Read these tips: ● Be clear about the things that are going to be tested, e.g. grammar. ● Read the texts in the textbook again. Look through the ““KKeeyy WWoorrddss””,, ““KKeeyy EExxpprreessssiioonnss”” aanndd ““GGrraammmmaarr”” aanndd cchheecckk the things you are not sure of. ● Read through the “Reading help” and “Listening help” boxes. Make sure you understand the tips. ● Look through your written work this year. List your most common mistakes. Make a revision timetable: ● Plan what you need to revise every day in a timetable and set achievable goals. ● Set some time for breaks in your timetable. ● At the end of each day, review your own progress. Make your own revision timetable. Unit Diary How well can you do these? •• II ccaann tuanldke arbstoauntd c shoomrees b.ook reviews and • It hcea ne uxntdraecrts tfarnodm s Tomhee Aindsvteannttu res of Tom Sawyer. messages. • I can make sentences in the passive voice • I can ask for and give directions. Language in different tenses. • I can write a message about what I am and Skills • I can understand the true meaning behind doing. what a person says. • I can understand other's opinions. • I can put new words into vocabulary • I can write about my opinions about groups and sub-groups. paper textbooks and e-textbooks. Study Skills • I know how to make a revision timetable. 28TTTaaalllkkk aaabbbooouuuttt iiinnnvvveeennntttooorrrsss aaannnddd iiinnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss... Unit 3 RRReeeaaaddd aaabbbooouuuttt iiinnntttrrroooddduuuccctttiiiooonnnsss ooofff aaannn iiinnnvvveeennntttooorrr aaannnddd iiinnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss... LLLiiisssttteeennn tttooo aaa dddeeebbbaaattteee aaabbbooouuuttt iiinnnvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss... WWWrrriiittteee aaabbbooouuuttt yyyooouuurrr fffaaavvvooouuurrriiittteee sssccciiieeennntttiiisssttt ooorrr iiinnnvvveeennntttooorrr... C LLLeeeaaarrrnnn aaabbbooouuuttt cccooonnnjjjuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss... A B E D CCrreeaattiivviittyy Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words and the Example photos. Which jobs do you think are the most creative? Why? I think an artist’s work is very creative. They draw and design things that we see every day. Key Words: Creativity artist, inventor, musician, 2 Think about your week. What photographer, writer creative things did you do? build, create, design, discover, draw, □ write □ draw □ paint paint, produce, think, work in a team, write □ take photos □ build things □ other _________________ 32397 A Famous Inventor Creativity Warm-up 1 Look at the painting on the right. Do you know the name of it? Who painted it? Reading 2 Read the text and complete the sentence. Leonardo da Vinci was __________. a) a painter b) an inventor c) both Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452 in a northern Italian town. He is considered one of the greatest painters of all time. He is still famous today because of the Mona Lisa and other well-known paintings. However, not many people know he was also an engineer and an inventor. Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pioneer in many areas. He drew plans and pictures and wrote about his many ideas in his diaries. Since he died on May 2nd, 1519, people have been learning from them. They included plans for an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings of musical instruments, flying machines and machines for war, such as guns. Since many of da Vinci’s inventions were far ahead of their time, they were only tested hundreds of years later. Because he couldn’t test them, not all of da Vinci’s plans worked out as well as he wished. However, some of his ideas worked well. For Da Vinci’s drawing of an early example, one of his bridges was finally built 500 helicopter. You can see his special years after it was drawn and fl ying machines, such as Italian writing below the drawing. helicopters, are very common now. Some think da Vinci wanted to keep his ideas secret as he wrote his diary in code. Others think it was just easier for him to write this way because he was left-handed. Either way, da Vinci’s diaries can only be read with a mirror because everything is written backwards. As it took some time to translate the diaries, they were published more than 150 years after his death. 3 Skim the text and circle the things that da Vinci planned or invented. guns bridges war machines computers an adding machine diaries helicopters musical instruments doctor's instruments 30Unit 3 Creativity 4 Read the text again and answer the 6 What do the underlined words mean questions. in the following sentences? Write and, because, from the time ooorrr nniicceellyy 1 What does "pioneer" (para. 2) mean? in the same way as. 2 Why weren't da Vinci's inventions tested 1 I haven't seen her since I left when he was alive? university. 3 Which of da Vinci's ideas worked well? 2 Since she is very busy, we seldom 4 What was special about da Vinci's meet each other. diaries? 3 Judy does not dance as well as her sister does. 4 Judy likes dancing, singing as well 5 Complete the sentences according to as drawing. the text. because, since, as (reason) 7 Fill in the blanks with since, as, because Others think it was just easier for him ooorrr bbbbeeeeccccaaaauuuusssseeee ooooffff.... TThheerree mmaayy bbee mmoorree tthhaann to write this way _____ he was left- one correct answer for the blanks. handed. _____ it took some time to translate the 1 _____ it is raining, we have to stay at diaries, they were published more than home. 150 years after his death. 2 I was absent ______ I caught a cold. _____ many of da Vinci’s inventions were far ahead of their time, they were 3 ______ we were late, we could not only tested hundreds of years later. get a seat. as well as (addition) 4 The picnic is cancelled _______ the They included plans for an adding bad weather. machine, bridges __________ drawings of musical instruments. Speaking Grammar Summary 2, page 172. 8 Pair Work Do you think Leonardo Watch out! da Vinci was a great inventor? Who do you think was the greatest Since he died on May 2nd, 1519, people inventor? Why? have been learning from them. (Here, since ≠ because, since = from a Example particular time in the past until the present) Not all of da Vinci’s plans worked out as I think Leonardo da Vinci was a great wwweeellllll aaasss hhee wwiisshheedd.. inventor because he was a pioneer in (Here, as well as ≠ and, as well as = many areas. He … nicely in the same way as) 318 Good or Bad? Creativity Warm-up 1 WWhhaatt ddoo yyoouu tthhiinnkk ooff tthhee iinnvveennttiioonnss iinn tthhee ppaasstt tteenn yyeeaarrss?? AArree tthheeyy ggoooodd oorr bbaadd?? DDiissccuussss wwiitthh yyoouurr ppaarrttnneerr.. Example A: II tthhiinnkk ssoommee nneeww iinnvveennttiioonnss ccaann iimmpprroovvee oouurr lliivveess.. B: II ddiissaaggrreeee.. NNoott aallll iinnvveennttiioonnss hheellpp uuss.. TThhiinnkk ooff weapons. Listening 2 Listen to the debate. What is Andrew’s opinion? What is Jenny’s opinion? Andrew’s opinion: ______________________________________ __ ______________________________________ __ Jenny’s opinion: ______________________________________ __ ______________________________________ __ AAnnddrreeww aanndd JJeennnnyy aarree hhaavviinngg aa ddeebbaattee in English class. 3 Listen again and write A for Andrew or JJJ ffoorr JJeennnnyy iinn tthhee bbooxxeess.. □ □ 1 I think we should cut down on 4 Cars make our life easier, don't the number of new inventions. you agree? □ 2 Scientists need to quickly 5 I don't think so. There are so □ increase the number of new many traffic jams. inventions. □ □ 6 This is why we need more 3 Some inventions bring serious new inventions to deal with problems, for example, nuclear problems like pollution. power. 32Unit 3 Creativity 4 Listen again. Are these sentences 7 Complete the conversation. Write true or false? the correct lett er in each blank. 1 Andrew thinks technology is useful in a but b In my opinion hospitals.______ ccc II ddiissaaggrreeee // II ddoonn''tt tthhiinnkk ssoo 2 Jenny doesn't like technology at d I support the position that all.______ A: Bella, why don't you start? 3 Andrew is the last person to speak in B: OK. ____ dogs are people's best the debate.______ friends. Some people think that dogs 4 Jenny thinks that cars cause more are just pets, ____ I think they're than one problem.______ much more than that. C: ____. Some dogs are dangerous and 5 Andrew thinks nuclear energy is they even bite their owners. ____, good because it doesn't cost a lot to we should be careful when we keep produce.______ dogs as pets. B: ____. There must be a reason why 陈述观点 a dog bites. As dog owners, they Function should fi nd out the problem instead 5 Read the Key Expressions. of blaming the dogs. Key Expressions: Stating opinions Speaking I support the position that scientists 8 Group Work Choose a topic need to quickly increase the number of and debate with another group. new inventions. · Mobile phones have more advantages In my opinion, scientists should than disadvantages. cut down on the number of new · Playing computer games has more inventions. We do need new advantages than disadvantages. inventions, but having more inventions may not be a good thing. Example I disagree. / I don’t think so. A: I support the position that mobile phones have more advantages than 6 Your Turn Do you think dogs are disadvantages ... B: II ddiissaaggrreeee ...... people’s best friends? Write down your ideas and discuss with a partner. Example I think dogs are our best friends. They can look after our homes. 339 Creative Minds Creativity Warm-up Cause Effect He ______ it and 1 Have you or your friends invented 1 Frank left his juice found that it was anything? If so, what was it? outside and it → _______ . He became ______. invented popsicles. 2 Match the pictures with the names. 2 Chester's ______ a earmuffs b crayon holders were very ______ He tried to make → ccc WWrriissttiieess d popsicles when he was earmuffs. iiccee--sskkaattiinngg.. 3 Cassidy's crayons It was diffi cult to use 1 2 were _______ and → them. She invented _______. crayon holders. 4 Kathryn wanted to She invented → ____________ . Wristies. 3 4 How did they think of that? Kids are natural inventors. They often create amazing things from simple ideas. Here are a few examples that might make you wonder, “Why didn’t I think of that?” Popsicles Reading Popsicles were invented by 11-year- 3 Read the Reading Help. Then read old Frank Epperson in 1905. He forgot a drink of juice and left it with a stir stick in it the text and complete the table on outside on a cold night. The next day it was the right. ice. Because of this he couldn’t drink it any more, but he could eat it. It tasted good! Reading Help: Understanding cause and These ice sticks became popular among effect relationship kids at school in summer because they • Cause and effect shows you how were delicious and helped them stay cool. something happens. The cause is the More than a hundred years later, popsicles are still one of the best summer treats! reason, and the effect is the thing that happens as a result. Earmuffs • Words like because, so, as aaannnddd ssiinnccee When 15-year-old Chester Greenwood was link cause and effect. These words ice-skating in Farmington, Maine, in 1873, are clues to identify cause and effect his ears were so cold that he couldn’t bear it. Although he tried covering his head in relationships. a scarf, it was not comfortable. After some thinking, Greenwood made wire into two circles and asked his grandmother to sew fur on them. He then connected them with a steel headband and the first earmuffs were invented! 34Unit 3 Creativity 4 Which inventions are these sentences 5 Your Opinion Which invention about? There is more than one do you like best? Why do you think these kids can make these answer for some sentences. inventions? 1 The inventor got the idea by accident. 2 It was invented by a girl. Speaking 3 The inventor made it with an adult's help. 6 PairWork Think about the inventors from the passage. 4 The inventor started a company. What are some examples of their 5 It was invented more than 140 years ago. creativity? Discuss with your partner. 6 It is used in cold weather. Example Crayon holders When 11-year-old Cassidy Goldstein A: Well, Frank thought of a new needed crayons for a school project, she way to use something he found had a hard time because there were so by accident. many small or broken ones. She found B: I agree. Even though it was cold, some small clear plastic tubes at home. he thought people would like it Although the tiny tubes were usually fi lled in summer. with water to keep fl owers fresh, she found that they fi t tightly around the crayons. She A: Good idea. I think we can also was now able to hold them easily. This is read books about them so that how she invented Crayon Holders. we can learn from them. Wristies While some kids just complain when snow gets in their mittens and their hands get 7 Pair Work What do you want to wet, 10-year-old Kathryn Gregory decided invent? Why? Discuss with your to do something about it. She created the partner. fi rst pair of Wristies as she wanted to keep her wrists warm and dry. Wrisities are long gloves with no fingers and they are worn Example under your mittens and coat. They can A: I want to invent a pen that can also be worn by themselves. They help write fast when I dictate. That you when you work in the cold because your hands stay warm while you use your will help me a lot in exams. fingers. She also started a business, with B: Good idea. I… her parents’ help, which she still runs today. All these inventions have one thing in common — the kids were trying to solve problems in their lives. If they can do it, you can do it, too! 35Communication Workshop Creativity Reading 1 Read a student’s writing about a famous Chinese computer scientist. Then read the sentences below and write TTT ffoorr ttrruuee aanndd FFF ffoorr ffaallssee.. MMyy ffaavvoouurriittee iinnvveennttoorr iiss WWaanngg XXuuaann.. AAss wwee aallll kknnooww,, WWaanngg XXuuaann wwaass oonnee ooff tthhee mmoosstt ffaammoouuss ccoommppuutteerr sscciieennttiissttss aanndd iinnvveennttoorrss.. HHee iinnvveenntteedd tthhee tteecchhnnoollooggyy ffoorr pprriinnttiinngg CChhiinneessee cchhaarraacctteerrss.. AAss aa rreessuulltt,, hhee iiss kknnoowwnn aass ““TThhee FFaatthheerr ooff tthhee CChhiinneessee LLaanngguuaaggee LLaasseerr TTyyppeesseettttiinngg””.. SSiinnccee tthheerree iiss aa bbiigg ddiiffff eerreennccee bbeettwweeeenn CChhiinneessee aanndd English writing systems, laser typesetting for the Chinese language was a serious problem for scientists all over the world. For this reason, Wang Xuan decided to try to come up with a solution. In 1975, he began researching laser typesetting and electronic publishing systems for Chinese. He was not afraid to try new technology, and although he didn’t have success all the time, he never gave up. He is believed to be the second most important developer in printing Chinese after Bi Sheng. Now, Wang Xuan’s amazing invention is used all over the world, and it has been extremely helpful to the Chinese newspaper publishing industry. Wang Xuan was not only a great modern scientist but also a great role model for many young people. His life story teaches us that a person should follow his own dream and try his best to make it come true. 1 ___ Wang Xuan started his research of laser typesetting in 1975. 2 ___ Wang Xuan invented lots of computer programmes for teaching Chinese. 3 ___ Wang Xuan found it easy to invent laser typesetting for the Chinese language. 4 ___ Wang Xuan was a great role model for many young people. 36Unit 3 Creativity Text Builder 2 Read the text again. What is each paragraph about? Paragraph 1: _________________________________________ Paragraph 2: _________________________________________ Paragraph 3: _________________________________________ 3 Think of a scientist or an inventor that you admire. Answer the questions in the diagram below. 1 What is his / her 2 Why did they make name? What was his / their invention? How her major achievement? did he / she succeed? (e.g. invented / developed … that …, awards received) 3 Why is the achievement 4 What do you learn from important? (e.g. It’s because him /her? (e.g. His story it is useful / helpful for …) teaches us…) Writing Speaking 4 Write about the scientist or inventor 5 Tell the class about the scientist or that you admire. Use your notes inventor you admire. from Exercise 3 and the example on page 36 to help you. My Favourite Scientist / Inventor The scientist / inventor that I admire the most is … 37Unit 3 Check Your Progress A Write the correct words in the blanks. C Write the correct words or phrase in the blanks. You can use some of invention work technology them more than once. study trouble balloon since so because because of Great Chinese inventor, Zhuge Liang 12 He became famous _____________ had a very poor childhood and he his inventions. had to 1 _______ on his uncle's farm 13 The dog was punished ___________ during the day and 2 at night. it made the room dirty. Some think the steamed bun was his 14 _____________ everyone was sick, most important 3 ________ , but he is the class was cancelled. more often remembered for military 15 ____________ they want to practise 4 like the repeating crossbow (弩). English, they should speak with foreign Perhaps his most beautiful invention tourists. was a kind of hot-air 5 ________ called 16 Life is short and the world is wide, a Kongming lantern. He used it to ______ the sooner you start learning, signal to his army when he was in the better. 6 ________ and needed help. D Match the words with the opinions. Vocabulary / 6 a I don’t think so b In my opinion ccc ssoo d I support the position that B Read the sentences and circle the 17 ____, technology is wonderful as it correct words. makes our life better. 7 He loves the beach because (swim / 18 technology improves our life. swimming) is fun. For example, it is fast and easy to get 8 Since (study / studying) is hard work, information on the Internet. you need to take breaks. 19 ____. Sometimes online information is unreliable and it can cause confusion. 9 SSShhheee lllaaauuuggghhheeeddd bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ooofff (((tttthhhheeee jjjjooookkkkeeee //// ttttoooo jjjjooookkkkeeee)).. 20 Rumours might be spread on the 10 As (his cooking / he cooks) is quite Internet, __________ don't believe delicious, she has agreed to marry him. everything you read. 11 She awoke because of (her dream / she dreamed). Grammar / 14 38Across Cultures 2 PPrriinnttiinngg 1 How do people learn about new ideas and get knowledge today besides reading books? 2 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 When and where did modern printing begin? 2 Why wasn’t printing done on cloth after the Han Dynasty? 3 How did “movable type” work? 4 Why is the spread of ideas and knowledge so fast nowadays? 3 Read the text again. Which do you prefer, reading the page or the screen? Why? 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Underline the words you cannot remember and check the meaning. For example: Key Words: Creativity artist, inventor, musician, photographer, writer build, create, design, discover, draw, paint, produce, think, work in a team, write 2 Write your own example sentences for these words. They can help you remember the words bett er. For example: • inventor — Thomas Edison was a great inventor. • create — J.K. Rowling created the character Harry Potter. • discovery — Isaac Newton made a lot of important scientifi c discoveries. Choose fi ve Key Words from Unit 1 to Unit 3. Write your own example sentences for these words. Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the texts about Leonardo da Vinci and children‛s inventions. • I can use conjunctions to show reasons and addition. Language • I know how to state my opinion and and Skills debate ideas. • I can understand cause and effect relationships in texts. • I can write about a scientist or an inventor that I admire. • I know the technological development of Culture printing. • I can write example sentences for new Study Skills words. 40Talk about an astronaut’s day. Unit 4 Read about life in space and a science fi ction story. Listen to people talking about China’s space programme. Write a letter to an astronaut. Learn about adverbial clauses. A B C D SSppaaccee Getting Ready Example 1 How much do you know about Not many countries can send manned spacecraft into space. space fl ight? 2 Answer these questions. Key Words: Space 1 Why do people like to learn about stars astronaut, circle, international space and the planets? station, land, lift off, manned, 2 Would you like to be an astronaut? Why spacecraft, space flight, spaceship, or why not? unmanned 34311100 Life in Space Space 2 List questions you have about an Warm-up astronaut’s day. 1 What do you know about an astronaut’s Reading day? Share with your class. 3 Skim the text and tick the areas Example mentioned. A: II tthhiinnkk aassttrroonnaauuttss pprroobbaabbllyy eeaatt eeaattiinngg aanndd ddrriinnkkiinngg iinn ssppaaccee special food in space. eexxeerrcciissiinngg iinn ssppaaccee B: Since there’s no gravity in space, relaxing in space astronauts fl oat. how to do science experiments in space Space Talk: An Astronaut’s Day Every morning you get up, wash your face, brush your teeth, eat breakfast and get ready for your day. These daily actions are so common that you don’t think about them much. But what if you were in space? There is no gravity there, so weights are not as heavy as they are on Earth. When you drop something, Dr Maria Sherman talked to it doesn’t fall to the fl oor. It fl oats slowly away in students about an astronaut's the air. This means that astronauts can’t just put life in space at the Space down a tool. They need to tie it down. And how MMuusseeuumm oonn WWeeddnneessddaayy.. do astronauts drink? In space, water just breaks into small drops and hangs in the air. Well, astronauts eat and drink diff erently in space. They have special plates so that their food doesn’t fl oat away. They use special bags for drinks so that the drink stays inside. Sleep is also diff erent in space. Astronauts tie themselves to the wall so that they don’t float around when they are sleeping. Since they have to work hard, they need to get plenty of rest. The sun rises and sets so often that it can be confusing. The astronauts have alarms and sometimes music to wake them up. Exercise is important for astronauts as well. Since there is no gravity and astronauts fl oat instead of walking or running, their muscles become weak very quickly. They have to exercise on special machines every day so that this doesn’t happen. No one wants to become ill in space and exercise helps them stay healthy. However, it is not all hard work in space. When they are not doing science experiments, writing reports or exercising, there is a little time for fun. They watch movies, read the news and call family members and friends. The astronauts on the International Space Station can even connect to the Internet. 42Unit 4 Space 4 Complete the table with the 8 Choose the correct meaning of the information from the text. sentences. 1 We woke up early so that we could Life in space Reason catch the fi rst train. When It _________ There is ______ 2 We woke up so early that we caught they drop ___________. _____ in space. the fi rst train. ssoommeetthhiinngg a We caught the fi rst train because we When they They use This keeps the woke up early. drink ___________. drink ________. b We woke up early because we wanted When they They _______ They don’t to catch the fi rst train. sleep ___________. want to ______. 3 He read many books so that he could 5 Read again and answer the questions. write well. 1 Why do astronauts use alarms and music 4 He read so many books that he wrote to wake them up? well. a He read many books so he wrote well. 2 How do astronauts exercise in space? b He wanted to write well, so he read 33 WWhhaatt wwoorrkk ddoo aassttrroonnaauuttss ddoo iinn ssppaaccee?? many books. 4 HHooww ddoo aassttrroonnaauuttss rreellaaxx iinn ssppaaccee?? 9 Rewrite these sentences using so … that or so that. 6 Your Opinion Do you think it is 1 We cannot see clearly because it is diffi cult to be an astronaut? Why? so dark. Grammar so that / so ... that 2 Peter ate many cakes, so he felt sick. 3 Joe studies hard because he wants to 7 Complete the table with purpose or pass the test. result. 4 I cannot eat anymore because I am so thatis used to show __________ full. 1 They have special plates so that their 5 They wanted to take photos so they brought their camera. food doesn’t fl oat away. 2 They use special bags for drinks so that Speaking the drink stays inside. 10 Role-play Work in pairs. Imagine so … that is used to show _________ you are interviewing Dr Maria 3 These daily actions are so familiar that Sherman about life in space. you don’t think about them much. Example 4 The sun rises and sets so often ttthhhaaattt iitt can be confusing. A: Dr Sherman, do astronauts eat different food in space? Grammar Summary 3, page 173. B: Yes, they have special food… 4311 The Amazing Shenzhou Space 神九升空相片 Warm-up 1 What do you know about the development of China’s space programme? Key Words: Space programme astronaut, go into, launch, manned, satellite, send into, spacecraft, space station, unmanned Example A: I know that the fi rst Chinese astronaut was Yang Liwei but I’m not sure when he went into space. Do you have any idea? B: I think he went into space in 2003. 3 Read the Listening Help. Then listen and fi ll in the timeline. Listening Listening Help: Listening for numbers 2 Listen to the radio programme. Tick the things mentioned. • Listen and get the main idea of the conversation. Background international development of the information about the topic space programme can help you make reasonable the achievements of China’s space judgements. programme • Listen carefully for years and the work of Chinese scientists in dates. the space programme advice for future space scientists Tiangong 1 was China’s space programme Shenzhou 1 was another achievement began in 1956. launched in _________. in _______. Launched the satellite Shenzhou 5 put the The fi rst female astronaut Dongfanghong 1 in fi rst Chinese citizen went into space in ______. into space in ______. Shenzhou 9 in ____. 44Unit 4 Space Speaking 4 Listen again and circle the correct answers. 666 Role-play Imagine you are a Chinese scientist giving a 1 Which of the following is true about speech to teenagers in America. Dongfanghong 1? Tell them about China’s space a It is a space station. programme. b It carried astronauts into space. Example ccc IItt iiss aa ssaatteelllliittee.. 2 America started their space programme Hello, everyone. My name is Wang _____ years earlier than China. Yi. It’s very nice to be here. Today I want to share with you something a 50 b 16 ccc 6600 about China’s space programme. 3 When was Shenzhou 7 launched? a In 2005. b In 2006. ccc IInn 22000088.. 7 Pair Work What does it take to become an astronaut? Discuss with your partner. Vocabulary Example 5 Complete the sentences with the A: Astronauts do experiments when correct form of the verb phrases. they’re in space so they need to make great achievements, send into, be good at science. What do you go into, start with, give up, think? put a lot of effort into B: I agree. And they need to be strong and healthy so they don’t 1 She __________ the programme last get sick easily in space. year and it was a great success. 8 Pair Work Do you think you can 2 The fi lm did not start when we become an astronaut? Discuss with your partner. the cinema. 3 The city __________ in protecting the Example environment through their hard work. A: I think I can become an astronaut because I’m good at science and 4 China's fi rst astronaut _______ space I’m fi t. Do you think you can in 2003. become an astronaut, Paul? 5 He doesn't _______ easily. B: I’m good at science too but I’m not very fi t. I may get sick easily 6 You'd better ________ the beginner in space, so I don’t think I can level course. become an astronaut. 4512 The Spaceship Space Warm-up 1 Read the questions and think 3 RReeaadd tthhee RReeaaddiinngg HHeellpp.. TThheenn aannsswweerr about your answers. Then the questions on the right. Underline have a class vote. the clues in the text. Do you think: … Reading Help: Making inferences • we will go to another planet? • Sometimes you have to make inferences • we will ever meet alien life? and guess about what's happening in a • you will go into space? story. • First skim the passage. • Then read carefully and fi nd clues. Reading Your logic and general knowledge will help you make good inferences. 2 Look at the pictures. Then read the text and put the pictures in the correct order. Billy called Oscar again but he didn’t come. Oscar ran to the trees. A boy and a dog were in a fi eld. It was The captain got out of his spaceship. getting dark. His spacesuit was uncomfortable. The A spaceship was trying to land on an air was fresh on this planet but he didn’t unknown planet. take off his spacesuit. He saw huge green leaves everywhere. He climbed to the top The boy’s name was Billy and his dog of one of them and looked at the sky. It was called Oscar. was dark blue. In the spaceship, the captain was Oscar smelled something. Maybe it was unhappy. Something was wrong. He good to eat. He picked up a metal object sent a message to his own planet and with his teeth. got ready to land. The captain saw a huge monster. He “Come on!” called the boy. The dog jumped onto its leg. He climbed up and was happy. He was wagging his tail. went into the monster’s head. “Now I can Billy gave the dog a biscuit. Suddenly, control you,” he said. Billy and Oscar heard an unusual noise. Then they saw a light near some trees. b Only the captain was alive in the spaceship. “I am alone, but I will fi nd the strongest creature and control it. Then I will control the planet.” a 46Unit 4 Space 1 What time of day did the story happen? 4 Your Opinion Do you think 2 What object did Oscar pick up? people on Earth will be controlled by creatures from 3 What kind of person was the captain? other planets one day? Why? 4 Where did the captain go after looking at the sky? 5 Why did Oscar stop attacking Billy? Speaking c 5 Your Turn Imagine you see some aliens in a spaceship. You want to talk to them. What are you going to talk about? Here are some ideas. Add your own. Then discuss in small groups. • ask them how they came to Earth • ask them about life on their planet • tell them about Earth and what life Billy found Oscar. He was moving his head is like here strangely. Billy shouted “Come here!” But Oscar didn’t move. He just looked at Billy. Example The captain was looking at the boy, too. “Kill that creature,” he said. A: I think I’ll ask them how they Oscar jumped at Billy and knocked him to came to Earth. the ground. “Oscar!” cried Billy. He was B: That’s a good idea. / I don’t scared and hit Oscar on his head. Then think it’s a good idea. I something small fell out of Oscar’s ear and think it’s better to tell them Oscar wagged his tail again. where we are from. The small “thing” was on the ground. The unlucky captain was dead. 6 Role-play Role-play aliens The boy and the dog ran across the fi eld and and people on Earth with went home. another group. d Example People: Hello! Can you speak English? Aliens: Yes, we can. Where are we? People: You’re on Earth. How did you get here? 47Communication Workshop Space Reading 1 Read Angela’s lett er and then answer the following questions. Dear Liu Yang, I'm Angela Liu, a middle school student in Beijing. My classmates and I were really excited to learn that you were not only the fi rst Chinese woman in space but also the youngest astronaut from China. That makes me admire you very much. Life at school is busy, but once I get home, I like reading books, especially books about physics and chemistry. However, my favourite books are about space. When I read them, I imagine that I'm an astronaut and I'm on a space mission. I want to be an astronaut in the future, too. It must be very exciting to live in space. I wonder what your life was like there. What did it feel like to be in space? What did you see? What did you eat? How did you sleep? What did the stars look like from space? My classmates and I admire you very much--you’re such a good role model. All of my classmates have decided to work harder and do our best to realise our dreams, just like you. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, 1 Why did Angela write a letter to Liu Yang? Angela Liu 2 Is Angela interested in space? How do you know? 3 What questions did Angela ask Liu Yang? 4 What would Angela like to be in the future? Text Builder 2 Match the parts of a lett er and the examples. 1 Signature a. Yours faithfully, 2 Greeting b. I'm Angela Liu ... 3 Date c. Angela Liu 4 Closing d. June 18, 2012 5 Body e. Dear Liu Yang, 48Unit 4 Space Writing 3 The body of a lett er usually includes a brief introduction (introducing yourself and your reason for writing the lett er), and a mixture of information and questions. Imagine you are going to write a lett er to your favourite astronaut. Write some notes in the boxes. Introduction Information QQuueessttiioonnss Who are you? Why are you What do you already know What questions do you writing the letter? about the astronaut? What want to ask the astronaut? _____________________ are your ideas about space? _____________________ Which sciences do you enjoy? _____________________ _____________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ ___________ 4 Write a lett er to your favourite astronaut. Don’t forget to add a date and signature. Use your notes from Exercise 3 and the example in Exercise 1 to hheellpp yyoouu.. Dear ..., Yours faithfully, 49Unit 4 Check Your Progress A Match the words with the pictures. C Make sentences using so ... that and the words below. astronauts / tired / fell asleep / bus 1 planet The astronauts were so tired that they fell asleep on the bus. 11 smartphones / useful / everybody wants one 2 satellite 12 it / hot / all the students went swimming 13 homework / diffi cult / nobody could do it 3 astronaut 14 English / useful / everybody wants to learn it 4 spacecraft 15 Putonghua / becoming / important / many Americans want to learn it D Make sentences using so that or so … that and the words below. 5 science experiment he / practise the violin / every day / can win / the competition. He practises the violin every day 6 space station so that he can win the competition. 16 doctor / tell me to / eat less meat / can get fi t Vocabulary / 6 17 apples / tasty / the children ate them all B Complete the sentences using so that. 7 She is going to sleep early … 18 she / put / her favourite song / in the MP3 player / listen to it / every day 8 I am studying … 19 China's space technology / has advanced / quickly / the rest of the 9 We are learning English … world is amazed 10 He is buying food … Grammar / 13 50Fun Zone 2 Space Travel! 1 Do you know the planets of the solar system? Match the names with the planets. 7 5 a Neptune 3 b Mars 1 c Earth 8 d Saturn 6 e Jupiter 4 2 f Uranus g Venus h Mercury 2 Read and answer these questions 3 Read the information. One statement about space. is false — which one? 1 Yang Liwei was the first Chinese 1 What is the name of the force citizen sent into space. holding us to Earth? 2 Liu Yang was China's first female 2 Which galaxy is Earth located astronaut to fly into space. in? 3 Neil Armstrong was the first American 3 Is the sun a star or a planet? astronaut sent into space. 4 Does the sun orbit Earth? 4 Sally Ride was the first American woman to fly into space. 5 Have human beings ever set foot on Mars? 6 What do you call the place in space where everything is sucked in and cannot get out? 51Unit 4 Study Help Study Groups A study group can be useful when you are trying to learn new words and grammar, or to revise for a test because … • you can compare your class notes with other group members. •• yyoouu ccaann aasskk tthhee ggrroouupp mmeemmbbeerrss qquueessttiioonnss yyoouu ddiiddnn''tt aasskk iinn ccllaassss.. • working with other people can help you remember things better. • studying in groups is more interesting. How to study in groups: 1 Choose your group members and a group leader: _________________________________ 2 Decide when and how long your group will study: ______________ 3 Decide what you are going to study together: ______________________________________________________________ 4 Stay focused on the topic. 5 Listen to what others say. 6 Don't just sit and chat! You can do that another time. Form a study group and revise the language items from this unit together. Follow the suggestions and complete the blanks above. Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the text about an astronaut‛s day and the story. • I can use so that and so ... that. Language • I can listen for numbers with similar sounds. and Skills • I can make inferences in reading. • I can write a letter to my favourite astronaut. • I can form a study group and do revision Study Skills with them. 52Talk about different kinds of books. Unit 5 Read a book extract and an article. Listen to a play. Write a story. Learn about relative clauses. A B C D LLiitteerraattuurree Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. What 2 Talk with your partner about the kind of literature do you like? following questions. Key Words: Types of literature 1 What kind of stories do you like best? fairytale, novel, play, poem, 2 Do you like plays? Have you ever been science fiction, short story, story in a play? 3 Who is your favourite writer? Why? Example Science fiction is my favourite. 553313 Anne of Green Gables Literature Warm-up Reading 1 What do you know about Anne of 2 Skim the text. What is the story Green Gables? about? Meeting Anne Matthew Cuthbert was on his way to Bright River on his horse and carriage. He was a quiet man who didn’t speak much, especially to strangers. So he enjoyed the journey and the smell of the apple trees in silence. He reached Bright River but there was no sign of the 5:30 train which he’d come for. Matthew asked the station manager if it would come soon. "It came half an hour ago," answered the manager. "There was one passenger. She's sitting over there.” "I don't understand. I'm not expecting a girl," said Matthew. "It's a boy that I've come for." "Guess there's some mistake," he said. “Talk to the girl. She’s very good at talking. That’s for sure.” Matthew looked at her. She wore an old brown hat which covered two braids of very long, thick, red hair. Her face was small and thin with lots of freckles. Her big green eyes looked back at him. Matthew began walking over but as soon as she saw him walking her way, she started the conversation. "I suppose you’re Mr Matthew Cuthbert of Green Gables?" she said in a clear, sweet voice. "I'm Anne. I’m so glad to see you. I was afraid you weren't coming and I was imagining all the things that might have happened to you. If you didn't come for me tonight, I made up my mind to go down the road to that cherry tree at the corner, climb up it and stay all night. I wouldn't be afraid and it would be lovely to sleep in a wild cherry tree all white at night, don't you think?" This girl was diff erent. "I'm sorry I’m late," he said shyly. "Come on. Give me your bag." As they rode home, Anne talked on and on. Normally, too much talking would make Matthew angry, but from Anne, he didn’t mind. She apologised but Matthew didn’t want her to stop. "Oh, you can talk as much as you like. I don't mind," said Matthew. "Oh, I'm so glad. I know you and I are going to get along fi ne." 54Unit 5 Literature 3 Read the text and complete the table. 7 Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun. Time: _________ Characters: ________ , 1 This is the gift ______ I bought for mum. ________, _________ Place: ________ 2 We took the train _____ arrived at 10. Plot: 3 This is the boy ______ won the race. - Matthew felt ____________ to see Anne 4 She married a young man ______ is a because he was waiting for a _________. teacher. - ____________ started a conversation. 5 These are the children _______ Miss - Matthew ________________ with Anne. Brown teaches. 4 Your Opinion What kind of person is Anne? Find evidence from the text. 8 Join the sentences using a suitable relative pronoun. Grammar 定语从句 1 This is the hotel. We stayed in it 5 Read the sentences below. Underline during our holiday. similar sentences in the text. Then 2 I have a new friend. My mum complete the table. likes her very much. He was a quiet man who didn’t speak much. 3 I saw a girl. She had lovely blue eyes. She wore an old brown hat which covered 4 My friend lives in a house. It is two braids of very long, thick, red hair. far away from town. wwwhhhooo /// ttthhhaaattt rreeffeerrss ttoo ppeeooppllee 5 Those are the men. I met them in the market. I have a sister _____ / _____ is one year old. The boy _____ / _____ helped the old granny on Speaking the road is my brother. wwwhhhiiiccchhh /// ttthhhaaattt rreeffeerrss ttoo tthhiinnggss // aanniimmaallss 9 Role-play Role-play the story in Exercise 2 in groups. I live in a fl at _____ / _____ has two fl oors. The meeting _______ / _______ you missed Example yesterday was very important. Narrator: Matthew went to Bright Grammar Summary 4, page 173. River in his carriage. … Matthew: Will the train come 6 Read the sentences you underlined in the soon? text. What do who, thataaannnddd wwwwhhhhiiiicccchhhh rreeffeerr Manager: … to? Anne: … Example HHHeee wwwaaasss aaa qqquuuiiieeettt mmmaaannn wwwhhhooo didn’t speak much. 5514 The Dark Room Literature Warm-up 1 Have you read the story The Blind Men and the Elephant? Can you answer these questions? ·What was special about the men? ·Which part of the elephant did they touch? · What did they think the elephant was like? Key Words: Animals Example ear, leg, tail, trunk, tusk The men in the story were blind. One of Key Words: Describing objects them touched the trunk of the elephant. flat, heavy, hose, iron, long, mat, rope, It was long and had holes at the end. round, solid, thick, thin, tree He thought the elephant was like a hose. Listening 2 Read the beginning of the play. Why did the king ask the offi cers to come to the palace? What did he do? Once upon a time there was a king. The king’s offi cers argued about many things, even about small things. So one day, the king asked his offi cers to come to the palace. He covered the offi cers’ eyes with cloth and led them into a dark room. The king’s guards put each offi cer in a diff erent spot. Then the king spoke. 3 Listen to the rest of the play. a b Order the pictures according to mat the offi cers’ answers. iron c Officer 1 _____ Officer 2 _____ rope Officer 3 _____ d e Officer 4 _____ tree Officer 5 _____ hose 56Unit 5 Literature 4 Listen to the play again and complete 6 Your Opinion What lesson did the the table with how the offi cers king want the offi cers to learn? described the thing they touched. Function 判断与评价 2 Offi cer Details 1 It’s obviously a ______. 7 Read the Key Expressions. It’s long but it’s _______ Key Expressions: Judgement and 2 and _______ with holes in evaluation the end. It’s a _______. It’s obviously a rope. It’s ________ and It’s quite clearly a tree. 3 heavy. It’s quite clearly a Interesting! _______. They’re both wrong, sir. It’s ________ and It’s not the way they say at all. 4 ________. It’s a fl oor mat. It’s a ______ of iron. It’s Speaking 5 ______, _______ and solid. 8 Group Work Take turns closing 5 Look at the details in Exercise 4. your eyes and guessing objects by Which part of the elephant did each touch alone. offi cer touch? Write numbers. Example Officer _____ A: It’s soft and it’s made of cloth. Officer _____ It’s clearly your jacket. BB:: No. You’re wrong. It’s long and soft. It’s quite clearly a rope. 9 Act out the play in class. Example Narrator: Once upon a time, there was a king. Officer _____ … The king: Now cover your eyes and the guards will lead you into a dark room. Officer _____ Officer _____ Offi cer: It’s… It’s clearly a … 5715 A Famous Writer Literature Warm-up 1 Have you read the Harry Pott erbooks or watched the fi lms? Do you like them? Do you know anything about the writer? Example I’ve watched all Harry Potter fi lms. I like them very much. I know the writer is J.K. Rowling. She’s from… Reading 2 Skim the text and choose the best title. a A Speech by J.K. Rowling b J.K. Rowling and the Harry Potter Series ccc TThhee RRooaadd ttoo SSuucccceessss J.K. Rowling In her speech to Harvard students in 2008, J.K. Rowling said, “... seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale.” She went on to say that “by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.” It might surprise some readers to know which period of her life J.K. Rowling was talking about here. She is talking about her life when she was writing the first novel of the HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss.. TThhee iiddeeaa cccaaammmeee tttooo hhheeerrr dduurriinngg aa ttrraaiinn rriiddee iinn 11999900.. In December that year, her mother died. The next few years were diffi cult for her. In 1993, her first but short marriage ended. She had no job and had to raise her daughter alone. She didn’t have much money and life was not easy. As she said in that same speech, “That period of my life was a dark one and I had no idea that there was going to be ... a kind of fairytaleresolution.” As we all know now, the HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss went on to become extremely successful and also made J.K. Rowling very rich. So where does she think this success came from? She thinks it is a direct result of her early failures. As she went on to say, “Failure meant I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was and began to direct all my eeennneeerrrgggyyy iinnttoo fifi nniisshhiinngg tthhee oonnllyy wwoorrkk tthhaatt really mattered to me ... I was ssseeettt fffrrreeeeee...”” Her HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr sseerriieess wwaass ccoommpplleetteedd wwiitthh iittss fifi nnaall bbooookk iinn 22000077.. TThhee bbooookkss hhaavvee become a very successful film series and three years after the final book was published, a Harry Potterttthhheeemmmeee pppaaarrrkkk ooppeenneedd iinn tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess.. SShhee hhaass wwrriitttteenn other books related to the HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr sseerriieess aanndd hheerr ffiirrsstt bbooookk ffoorr aadduullttss wwaass published in 2012. She has also remarried and now has three children. 58Unit 5 Literature 3 Read the Reading Help. Then Vocabulary read the text again. Put the events in 5 CCCooommmpppllleeettteee ttthhheee ssseeennnttteeennnccceeesss wwwiitthh tthhee the correct order. Then fi nd out the correct form of the following year. phrases. Reading Help: Putting events in time order go on have no idea other than related to • Read the passage and note which events 1 I ________ what is going on here. are mentioned. • Pay attention to time indicators such as 2 I don't know any American people dates, years and words and phrases such _________ you. as “then”, “before”, “later”. 3 Most of your mistakes are ______ your carelessness. a The HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr tthheemmee ppaarrkk ooppeenneedd.. 4 After her early job as a singer, she _______ to become a song writer. b J.K. Rowling’s mother died. c J.K. Rowling separated from her husband. Speaking d J.K. Rowling fi nished her last Harry PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookk.. 6 Role-play Use the notes below to role-play an interview with J.K. e J.K. Rowling published her fi rst Rowling. Add your own questions. book for adults. • reason for success f J.K. Rowling got the idea for Harry • idea for the HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss.. • darkest period of her life • works after the HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss Order Event Year • family life now 1 Example 2 3 A: Welcome, J.K. Rowling. Can I ask you a few questions? 4 B: Sure. Please go ahead. 5 A: Why do you think Harry Potter 6 is such a successful series? 4 Your Opinion How easy or diffi cult do you think it is to deal with failure the way J.K. Rowling did? 59CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn WWoorrkksshhoopp Literature Reading 1 RReeaadd NNaannccyy’’ss ssttoorryy aanndd aannsswweerr tthhee qquueessttiioonnss bbeellooww.. A Story LLaasstt TThhuurrssddaayy wwaass DDaaiissyy’’ss bbiirrtthhddaayy.. II wweenntt ttoo hheerr hhoommee iinn tthhee eevveenniinngg ttoo cceelleebbrraattee.. IItt wwaass aa ffuunn nniigghhtt.. LLoottss ooff hheerr ffrriieennddss ccaammee aanndd wwee hhaadd aa ggrreeaatt ddiinnnneerr ttooggeetthheerr.. WWee aallll eennjjooyyeedd oouurrsseellvveess aa lloott aanndd ssttaayyeedd uunnttiill vveerryy llaattee.. WWhheenn II ggoott bbaacckk hhoommee,, iitt wwaass already 11 pm. I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately and forgot to set the alarm for the next morning. I had a really good sleep, but when I woke up the next day, it was already 10 am! I didn't know what to do, because I knew that I was very late for school. Then I quickly put on my uniform and rushed to school. To my surprise, the school was closed and there were no students or teachers around. I was so confused. While I was trying to find out what happened, the school’s guard came over to tell me that day was a school holiday! What a funny mistake! 1 What kind of story is it? Is it funny or serious? 2 When did this story happen? 3 Where was Nancy last Thursday night? 4 How did Nancy feel when she got up the next morning? 5 What was Nancy's mistake? 2 Read the story again and underline the following adjectives. What do these adjectives mean? Why do we need so many adjectives in a passage? fun great tired good late closed confused funny 60Unit 5 Literature Text Builder 3 Read the text again and match the events with the three parts. A The guard told Nancy that it was a school holiday. The Beginning B Nancy went to Daisy’s home for her birthday party last Thursday and stayed till 11 pm. The Climax C Nancy realised that she was late for school when she got up. She rushed to school, but found that the school was closed. The Ending D Nancy was tired after the party and forgot to set her alarm clock when she got home. Writing 4 What kind of story are you going to write? Answer the following questions and make some notes. 1 What kind of story is it? (e.g. serious, sad, funny) 2 When did it happen? (Time) 3 Where did it happen? (Place) 4 Who was involved? (Characters) 5 What was the climax? 6 What was the ending? 7 How did you feel? (e.g. happy, worried, excited) 5 Write your story. Use your notes from Exercise 4 and the example in Exercise 1 to help you. 61Unit 5 Check Your Progress A Complete the sentences with the B Complete the sentences using correct form of the words in the who or ttthhhaaattt aanndd tthhee wwoorrddss bbeellooww.. box. He is looking for a horse. separate rush celebrate It still wants to run a thousand miles. apologise raise It lives in the well. He does magic. 1 How do people __________ New Year in your country? 6 There is the frog ________________ 2 Jennifer was born in China, but she _______________________________ ___________ in Australia. 7 There is the old horse ______________ 3 We’ve got plenty of time, so there’s no _______________________________ need to ___________. 8 He is the man riding a mule _________ 4 He ___________ from his wife after 20 _______________________________ years of marriage. 9 That is the monkey _______________ 5 I think he needs to _________ for not __________ His name is Monkey King. showing up on time. Vocabulary / 5 C Write who or ttthhhaaattt iinn tthhee bbllaannkkss.. TThheenn ppuutt tthhee sseenntteenncceess iinn oorrddeerr ttoo mmaakkee a story. a “““NNNooo,,, wwweee'''ddd bbbeeetttttteeerrr nnnooottt,,,””” AAAlllaaannn rrreeepppllliiieeeddd... e Tim said, “Let’s help it come out “Without struggling to be born on its faster.” own, its wings will never be strong f Tim called to his brother, “Hey Alan! enough to fl y. We have to let it follow Come over here. I found an insect nature’s way.” 12 ____ seems to be hatching out of b One day, Tim found something an egg!” 10 ____ he thought was interesting. g Once upon a time there were two c Alan explained, “It’s a butterfl y being boys — Tim and his big brother, born.” Alan, 13 ____ lived on an island. d Alan ran over and saw that the insect 11 ____ Tim had found was the chrysalis (蝶蛹) of a caterpillar. 14 ____ 15 ____ 16 ____ 17 ____ 18 ____ 19 ____ 20 ____ Grammar / 15 62Across Cultures 3 CChhiinneessee aanndd GGrreeeekk MMyytthhoollooggyy 1 What Chinese myths have you heard of? What are they about? 2 Read the texts and answer the questions. 1 What did the sun birds do every morning? 2 Why was Dijun angry with Houyi? 3 How did Helios try to protect Phaeton? 4 How did Zeus stop the disaster? 3 Read the texts again. Which myth do you think is more interesting? Why? A Chinese Myth (神话): A Greek Myth: Houyi and the Suns Phaeton and the Chariot (战车) of Long, long ago, there the Sun were ten sun birds. Every One day, long ago, Phaeton, the son of morning, one of them a princess, was told that his father was would rise from a resting Helios, the sun god. He went to see spot near the eastern sea Helios. Helios said he would grant (应 and fl y across the sky. 允) Phaeton a wish. But one day they decided to fl y at the same Phaeton asked to drive time. It was a disaster (灾难). Lakes and Helios’s sun chariot for rivers dried up, and fires started. People one day. The chariot and animals collapsed from the heat. The was extremely hot; the emperor (皇帝) pleaded to Dijun, God of horses were diffi cult to control and they the Eastern Heaven and father of the sun breathed out hot flames (火焰). Helios birds, for help. tried but he could not convince Phaeton Dijun asked Houyi, the God of Archery, to change his mind about his wish. to frighten his sons. The next day, Helios covered Phaeton in Houyi tried to frighten magic oil to protect him from the heat of the sun birds but they just the chariot and gave him advice. Phaeton laughed at him. So he drove the chariot. First the chariot went too shot and killed nine of the high, turning the world cold. Then it went birds. The emperor ran to too low, creating deserts and destroying Houyi and stopped him, human lives. Finally Zeus, king of the reminding him that if he shot the last gods, struck down Phaeton with a lightning bird, the world would be dark forever. bolt (霹雳). Helios, in his sadness, left the Houyi became a hero, but he could not world dark for days, get back into heaven because of Dijun’s before riding his chariot anger at him. across the sky again. 63Unit 5 Study Help Spelling Long Words Follow these steps: 1. Copy the word into your notebook. 2. Make sure you have spelled the word correctly. 3. Find the word in your dictionary, and check how many syllables it has. If you aren’t sure, ask your teacher. 4. Write the word out with a space between each syllable. For example: com·mu·ni·ty. 5. Cover the word and write the syllables one by one. 66.. RReeaadd tthhee ssyyllllaabblleess aalloouudd aass yyoouu wwrriittee tthheemm.. Find some words with three or more syllables from this unit. Use the above tips to help you remember the spellings. Then ask your partner to test you. Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the extract from Anne of Green Gables and the text about J.K. Rowling. • I can write sentences with relative Language pronouns. and Skills • I can listen for specifi c details. • I can put events in a text in the correct order. • I can write a story. • I know the similarities and differences Culture between a Chinese myth and a Greek myth about the sun. Study Skills • I know how to spell long words. 64Talk about the qualities of a good role model. Unit 6 Read about Yao Ming and Steve Jobs. Listen to students talking about respected people. Write about a role model. Learn about infi nitives. A B C D E RRoollee MMooddeellss Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. What do you 2 Think about your role models. think a role model should be like? Answer these questions. Key Words: Role models 1 What qualities do you think are most calm, clever, fair, helpful, kind, important for a role model? serious, smart, strong, successful, wise 2 Are you a role model to anyone? If so, does this change how you behave and Example how you see yourself? I think a role model should be helpful and kind. 66655516 Yao Ming Role Models Warm-up 3 Answer the questions according to the passage. 1 What do you know about Yao Ming? 1 What diffi culties did Yao Ming face when he fi rst played in the US? Reading 2 How did Yao Ming win his teammates’ 2 Read the text. Circle the adjectives respect? that can describe Yao Ming. 3 What are the achievements of Yao kind modest clever Ming? popular hard-working SPORTS Basketball Star — Yao Ming In 2002, Yao Ming decided to enter the NBA draft and was drafted to the Houston Rockets in June. He was the fi rst international player without US college experience to be the Number 1 choice in the NBA draft. He soon grew to be a great player. In December of the same year, he was named Rookie of the Month. In 2004, Yao scored a career high of forty-one points in one game. In 2005, Yao Ming got the most votes in the NBA All-Star voting, which broke the record held by Michael Jordan. Despite all Yao Ming’s achievements, he had a challenging start. He had to deal with cultural differences and language difficulties to communicate with his teammates. But his personality and hard work helped him to win his teammates’ and his fans’ respect. He worked hard and was always trying to improve. The training paid off for him, and for his fans. Although Yao Ming has achieved a lot, he has remained modest and has always valued his team members. After winning games, he always told the media that his teammates were great and he was proud to be one of the team. Yao Ming is also known for his charity work. He founded The Yao Ming Foundation in 2008, and he has built fi ve schools in Sichuan and other areas. Yao Ming has won the hearts of people all around the world. Although he decided to retire in 2011, Yao Ming will always be thought of as one of the world’s best sports stars, not only for his basketball skills but also for his spirit. 66Unit 6 Role Models 4 Read the text again and complete 7 Fill in the blanks using the two the timeline. verbs in brackets. joined the NBA 1 May has _________ to Shanghai in July. (decide / go) named Rookie of the Month 2 John to my home highest score in career (41 points) yesterday. (agree / come) 3 Jane __________ a nurse when she 2005 grows up. (want / be) 2008 4 Ken is _______________ French. (learn / speak) 2011 5 Did your parents __________ to the picnic? (promise / come) 5 Your Opinion What do you think Yao Ming's greatest achievement is? Speaking Grammar 不定式 8 PPPaaaiiirrr WWWooorrrkkk What do you do to 6 Read the sentences and fi nd out more achieve the following goals? similar sentences in the text. Then • improve your English work out rules to complete the table. • prepare for tests / exams • stay healthy and fi t In 2002, Yao Ming decided to enter the • … NBA draft. He had to deal with cultural differences and Example language diffi culties to communicate A: What do you do to improve with his teammates. your English? B: I read English newspapers 不定式作宾语和宾语补足语 every day to improve my English. He tried _______ the work in fi ve minutes. (finish) 9 GGGrrrooouuuppp WWWooorrrkkk Imagine that you want to be a role model. What do Daniel hoped _______ a job soon. (find) you need to do? I told you not ______ David. (wake up) Example 不定式作目的状语 A: I need to work hard and They stopped _______ a rest. (have) practise ping-pong every day. I came _______ you. (help) B: I need to study foreign languages. I want to speak Grammar Summary 5, page 173. six languages at least. C: … 6717 People in Our Lives Role Models Warm-up 1 What do you know about these people? Do you think they are good role models? • Lei Feng • Qian Xuesen • Guo Mingyi • Ren Changxia Example Ren Changxia was a policewoman. She worked hard to help a lot of people. I think she’s a good role model. Listening 2 Three students are talking about their role models. Listen to their presentations. Who talked about these things? B = Bella A = Adam L = Lily 1 Although she doesn't work anymore, she is busy every day. 2 He always tells the truth. 3 He helps me when I'm feeling sad. 4 I think he's special, not strange. 5 She often rides her bike and goes hiking. 6 He is like a friend to me. 6688Unit 6 Role Models 3 Read the Listening Help. Listen to Speaking the presentations. Write some key words or phrases about each person. 5 Role-play In groups, role-play Then circle the best answer. interviews with Bella, Adam and Lily. The following questions may help you. Listening Help: Identifying the speaker's views • Who is your role model? • Listen to how the speaker talks about the • Why is this person your role model? person's actions. • What qualities does he / she have? • Listen for key words or key phrases. • What is he / she like? e.g. always smiles / doesn’t get upset • Would you please give some easily / a happy person examples? 6 YYYooouuurrr TTTuuurrrnnn Who is your role model? 1 Why? What has he / she done? → Bella’s Dad is aaccttiivvee / Example oorrggaanniisseedd / ccaarriinngg.. My grandpa is my role model. 2 Although he is in his seventies, he → Ms Li is aaccttiivvee / oorrggaanniisseedd / is willing to learn new things. ccaarriinngg. Sometimes I have to ask for his help with my computer. 3 → Jack is aaccttiivvee / oorrggaanniisseedd / 7 Group Work Work in groups. Discuss what good role models should be like. ccaarriinngg. Example 4 Listen again and answer the I think good role models should be questions. hard-working. They should not give 1 How did Bella's father help her with up easily. her worries? 2 Does Ms Li like children? How do you know? 3 How is Jack different from other teenagers? 669918 Steve Jobs Role Models Warm-up Reading 1 Do you know anything about 2 Skim the text. Match the Steve Jobs? Who is he? What is his headings with the correct company’s name? paragraphs. a his early life and education Example b his infl uence Steve Jobs invented many digital c his early work life products. His company’s name is d his character Apple. He died in 2011. e who Steve Jobs was SStteevvee JJoobbss (24 Feb. 1955 - 5 Oct. 2011) was a co-founder of Apple Inc., one of the most valuable companies in the world, and he invented many of the digital products that are part of everyday life for so many people today. Steve Jobs’s life was not without diffi culties, however. He was given up soon after his birth and only met his birth mother and sister when he grew up. As a child, Steve was very smart but formal schooling didn’t suit him. He went to college for a short time, but stopped his studies soon after because it was hard for his parents to afford it. He found a way to continue his education for another 18 months, although he never got a degree. In 1976, Steve founded Apple Computer Inc. with two friends. The company became famous in a few years, but the sales of its fi rst important product were not good. In 1985, Steve was fi red from Apple. However, he didn’t give up. Instead, he went on to set up another computer company and then a film company. The film company has won many Oscars and produced a number of successful films such as Toy Story, WALL-E and Up. After Steve returned to Apple in 1996, he changed many things in the company, which became an international success story. Steve Jobs was a leader who knew how to make teams achieve great results but he also had another side. He became angry easily and was often impatient. He usually stated his opinions bluntly and would not put up with anything that he didn’t think was perfect. Although Steve wasn’t a perfect man, he is recognised by many as the father of the digital revolution. His inventions and creativity have changed our way of life. 7700Unit 6 Role Models 3 Read the Reading Help. Then read 4 Your Opinion Would you like to the text and complete the table about run a large company like Apple? the writer’s views on Steve Jobs. Why or why not? Reading Help: Identifying the main idea Vocabulary • The fi rst sentence of an article and in 5 Match the phrasal verbs below. each paragraph can help you identify the main ideas. give up a new business • We can also look at the examples and grow up with their mistake reasons the writer uses to support his / her points. set up one’s job put up in a village Main Examples ideas Speaking · tried to ______ even after his Steve Jobs parents could not afford it 6 Group Work Work in groups. never · set up a _______ and ________ Discuss whether Steve Jobs is gave up. after being fi red from Apple a good role model for young people. Then have a debate with · ______ many digital products He was other groups. · ______ many things after his creative. return to Apple Example · the fi lm company won ______ He was · Apple changed into _________ A: We support the position that successful. after his return Steve Jobs is a good role model for young people Negative because he was a strong leader. Examples / Reasons views He knew how to make teams got angry easily, impatient achieve great results. Steve Jobs also had ________________________ B:We disagree. We don’t think another Steve Jobs is a good role model side. would not _______________ for young people because … ________________________ 71CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn WWoorrkksshhoopp Role Models Reading 1 Read Kylie’s story and tick the answers to the question below. A Good Role Model I’m the eldest child in my family, so I need to set a good example for my two little cousins. I learnt from my mother. She is my role model. Mum was also the eldest child in her family. She has two younger brothers. Mum was always calm, fair, and wise beyond her years. Even when Mum was only six years old, she used to share with her brothers. If there was one piece of cake, Mum would cut it into three pieces and let her brothers choose their pieces first. I do the same with my cousins. Mum says that if I do the right things, my cousins will do the right things, too. I work hard at school, and I try to be helpful and kind all the time. As soon as I finish my homework, I always ask Grandma if I can help her with anything. Sometimes she wants me to help with the housework, but usually she just asks me to help my cousins with their homework. Sometimes, there’s a lot of pressure to be a good role model, but it makes me stronger. I guess I’m lucky to have Mum as an example. I hope that I can do as well as Mum, and that when my cousins grow up, they respect me as much as Mum’s brothers respect her. What does Kylie think a good role model should be? ccaallmm hheellppffuull kkiinndd ssttrroonngg lluucckkyy ffaaiirr Text Builder 2 FFFiiinnniiissshhh ttthhee ttaabblle using information from Kylie’s story. Trait hard-working helpful ____________ _____________ _____________ Cutting a cake into _____________ _____________ three pieces and letting Example _____________ _____________ the younger children choose fi rst. 7722Unit 6 Role Models Writing 3 Who is your role model? What traits does your role model have? What have you learned from him / her? Give some examples in note form. FFoorr yyoouurr hheellpp:: kind fair hard-working clever successful helpful strong wise My role model: ___________________________________________ Trait of my role model: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Examples: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Me: ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4 Write about what you’ve learnt from your role model. Use your notes from Exercise 3 and the example in Exercise 1 to help you. My Role Model 7733Unit 6 Check Your Progress A Read the passage below and answer B Write sentences beginning with I went to using words from the boxes. the questions that follow. school to borrow some books My heroes are people who have the library to study English struggled with terrible problems and Hong Kong to play in the sand tried their best to overcome them. the beach to go shopping One such man is Bill Smith. Bill had great diffi culty in reading. It was I went to school to study English. so bad that he had a lot of problems 5 ________________________________. in life and wasn’t able to graduate 6 ________________________________. from school. But he tried and fi nally 7 ________________________________. found ways to overcome his problem. He started an organisation and shared C Complete the following sentences his methods with other people who with infi nitives. also suffered from this problem. The 8 She went to the store ___________. organisation has helped thousands of 9 They went to the mountains _______. people all over the world. Reading MMMaaagggaaazzziiinnneee nnaammeedd hhiimm aammoonngg tthhee TToopp 10 I went to the bank ___________. 100 Teachers of the 20th century. 11 I went to the bookshop ___________. 1 Are the writer’s heroes perfect? D Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs. _________________________________ 12 They decided ______ lunch together. 2 What problem did Bill Smith have? (have) _________________________________ 13 I promise ______ the work this week. 3 How did Bill help other people? (fi nish) _________________________________ 14 The class planned _____ a party for 4 What kind of people does the writer their teacher. (hold) choose as heroes? 15 I want _____ there early. (be) _________________________________ 16 Tom wrote an email ______ his friend the truth. (tell) Reading / 4 Grammar / 12 74Fun Zone 3 Famous People 3 Do you know these famous 1 Who said or wrote these things? Read people? Read and complete their the quotes and match them with the profi les. correct people. Roger Federer Indian 1 “It's not just what it looks like and Bill Gates South African feels like. Design is how it works.” Mother Teresa Swiss Nelson Mandela American 2 “It matters not what someone is born, but what they grow to be.” 1 NNaammee:: ____________________ 3 NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: ______________ “Talent wins games, but NNoottaabbllee ddeeeeddss:: teamwork and intelligence wins He became his country's championships.” president and inspired 4 “In spite of everything, I still peace and unity among believe that people are really his people. good at heart.” 2 aaa JJ..KK.. RRoowwlliinngg bbb AAnnnnee FFrraannkk NNaammee:: ____________________ ccc MMiicchhaaeell JJoorrddaann d Steve Jobs NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: ______________ NNoottaabbllee ddeeeeddss:: She spent her life caring for 2 What kind of famous person can you the poor, the sick and the be? Do this questionnaire to fi nd out! orphaned in India and many other countries. Which of these sentences are true about you? 3 NNaammee:: ____________________ NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: ______________ 1 I like talking in class discussions. NNoottaabbllee ddeeeeddss:: 2 I can read maps well and I have He has won many tennis a good sense of direction. championships and is 3 I can remember songs very well. involved in charities in 4 I am good at sports. Africa. 5 I like maths and science. 6 I like making things with my hands. 4 NNaammee:: ____________________ 7 I like reading and playing word NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: ______________ games. NNoottaabbllee ddeeeeddss:: 8 I am good at doing logic puzzles. He and his wife created 9 I am good at matching colours. the world’s largest charitable foundation 10 I am a good singer. in 2000. 7755Unit 6 Study Help Good Study Habits Here are some tips for keeping good study habits. They can help you study more eff ectively. Dos • Plan your study time and stick to your timetable. • Set goals for your study, e.g. memorise eight new words every day. • Ask for help. Have a good dictionary and a good grammar book on your desk. Consult them when you have problems. You can also ask your friends for help when you get stuck. • Work on the most difficult things first. They will use the most energy. Don’ts • Don’t study too much at one time.Take a short break when you feel tired. • Don’t get distracted. Switch off the TV, the radio and anything that might distract your attention. Keep your study area tidy. Review the study habits listed above. Which of these study habits do you have? WWWWrrrriiiitttteeee √√√√ oooorrrr ×××× nnnneeeexxxxtttt ttttoooo eeeeaaaacccchhhh.... JJoouurrnneeyyss Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the texts about Yao Ming and Steve Jobs. • I can use infi nitives to show purpose. Language • I can understand speakers‛ views. and Skills • I can identify writers‛ main ideas. • I can write about my role model and what I've learned from him/her. Study Skills • I know how to keep good study habits. 76TTTaaalllkkk aaabbbooouuuttt dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt kkkiiinnndddsss ooofff jjjooouuurrrnnneeeyyysss... Unit 7 RRReeeaaaddd aaabbbooouuuttt tttrrraaavvveeelll eeexxxpppeeerrriiieeennnccceeesss... LLLiiisssttteeennn tttooo aaannnddd aaapppppprrreeeccciiiaaattteee aaa pppoooeeemmm... WWWrrriiittteee aaabbbooouuuttt ooonnneee ooofff yyyooouuurrr jjjooouuurrrnnneeeyyysss... LLLeeeaaarrrnnn aaabbbooouuuttt aaarrrtttiiicccllleeesss... B A C D JJoouurrnneeyyss Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. The people Example in the photos are on journeys. Where do you think they are? I think the people in Photo D are on a journey in Antarctica. Key Words: Places Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic 2 Have you ever been on a long Ocean, Australia, Europe, forest, journey? Where did you go? Indian Ocean, mountain, Pacific How was it? Ocean, sea 777719 The Silk Road Journeys Warm-up 1 Do you know anything about the Silk Road? In groups, discuss the 3 Draw the following table in your following questions: notebook and complete it according to the text. • How long was the Silk Road? • Which places did it go through? Place In history Present • What was it used for? • an important • a modern city on the Wuwei city Reading Silk Road • … • … 2 Skim the text and fi nd the answers to the questions in Exercise 1. My dad is very interested in history and the Silk Road has always fascinated him. He has told me many things about it. Although it’s called the Silk Road, people traded much more than silk. The Silk Road went through Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. It was 6,500 km from Xi’an to Rome and it played an important role in the development of the world. My family got away for a holiday last summer and went to some famous places along the original road. We started at Lanzhou and went on to Wuwei. Wuwei was a very important city on the Silk Road. It connected three main cities in the area. In ancient times, it was also a capital. Although it’s now a modern city, you can get a sense of history when you visit it. We saw lots of very old stone monuments and people there were very proud of their city’s long history. The next stop was Jiayuguan. It’s on the edge of the desert, and was an important place on the Silk Road. It was a busy city with a lot of people coming and going. Even today, it’s a city that many business people travel through. An important part of the Great Wall was also built here. After that, we went on to Yumenguan. I fi rst found out about Yumenguan in the famous poem written by Wang Zhihuan. It was in the Gobi Desert and was the only connection between Central Asia and China. I wonder how people ever made it through the hot desert so long ago. Finally, we arrived in Dunhuang, a city with long history and great artwork. It was infl uenced by many different cultures over time. Now, it’s a major place of interest in north-west China. This trip wasn’t just a scenic journey. It helped me understand the history of the area and see how people from different places infl uenced each other in many ways. 777888Unit 7 Journeys 4 Read the text and complete the 8Complete the text with the correct sentences using the names of places. articles. If no articles are needed, put an X. 1 You can fi nd the Great Wall in ___. 2 ____ used to be a capital city. My family is going to 1 ____ Macau 3 You can see the infl uence of different for a holiday next week. We will stay at cultures in ____. 2 ____ new hotel called 3 ____ Grand 4 ___ appeared in Wang Zhihuan’s poem. Lisboa Hotel. On 4 ____ first day we will go to 5 _____ famous museum 5 Your Opinion Do you enjoy called 6 _____ Grand Prix Museum. history? Do you like to take a trip I look forward to visiting 7 _______ like this? museum because I love racing cars. My sister Mary doesn’t like racing cars. She Vocabulary wants to visit 8 ____ Macau Science 6 Complete the following sentences Centre so we will go there on 9 ____ with the phrasal verbs. second day. I think it will be 10 ____ interesting place to visit. play an important role, go through, get away, fi nd out Speaking 1 His personality in his business success. 9 Your Turn Think about a memorable 2 Can you what time the meeting trip that you went on. Write a few starts? sentences about: 3 The car broke when it ______ the forest. • Where did you go? 4 We're hoping to for a few days. • Did you visit any special places? • Did you meet anyone special? 冠词 • Did you taste any special dishes? Grammar 7 Complete the following sentences Example with a, an, the or XXX .. I went to Xi’an last year. I visited lots of historical buildings during the a, an, the, X trip. I also tried some very tasty It was ____ important city on ____ Silk nnooooddlleess.. Road. ____ important part of ____ Great Wall was also built here. My dad is very interested in ____ history. It was ____ only connection between ____ Central Asia and ____ China. Grammar Summary 6, page 174. 7920 Life Is a Journey Journeys Warm-up 1 LLiiffee iiss ooftft eenn ccoommppaarreedd ttoo aa jjoouurrnneeyy.. IInn wwhhiicchh wwaayyss iiss lliiffee lliikkee aa jjoouurrnneeyy?? DDiissccuussss wwiitthh yyoouurr ppaarrttnneerr.. UUssee tthhee KKeeyy WWoorrddss ttoo hheellpp yyoouu.. Key Words: Life choice, despair, diffi culties, enjoy, failure, future, happiness, hope, success, ups and downs, work hard Example I’ve never thought about it. But I think life is a journey. There are a lot of ups and downs in both. L ife Is a Journey Reading Anonymous 2 Read the poem. What could another Life is a journey. title for the poem be? The path goes left and right. a Enjoying the Journey of Life T here is hope and happiness, b Going on a Trip Despair and diffi culties. c The Past and the Future d My Choices TThheerree aarree ssoo mmaannyy cchhooiicceess aalloonngg tthhee wwaayy.. Which one is the best for me? 3 Read the Reading Help. Then Each creates a diff erent future. complete the table about the poem on page 81. If I compare myself to others, Reading Help: Poem appreciation It really doesn’t help. • The poet’s name can be written at the top Their life isn’t mine. or bottom. If the poet’s name is unknown, And I have to make up my own mind. we write “Anonymous”. • Poems are sometimes divided up into Success or failure may come. verses / stanzas, which are a group of But worrying isn’t the answer. lines. I just need to enjoy the journey, • Poets sometimes use metaphors (comparing two things without using And never give up. llliiikkkeee aanndd as) to describe things. 80Unit 7 Journeys 6 Read the poem aloud aft er Title listening to the recording. Writer 7 Your Opinion Do you agree with Number of verses the writer? Why or why not? Number of lines in each verse Speaking Metaphor 8 Pair Work Use some metaphors to describe life. Why do you think life 4 Choose the summary for each verse. is like …? You can use the following Write 1—4. ideas or think of your own ideas. a) I need to make my own decisions. • riding a bicycle ____ • a game b) Our choices lead to different futures. ____ • a movie c) It's best not to worry and keep working • climbing a mountain hard. ____ • a race d) Life can be compared to a journey. • a book ____ • a box of chocolates 5 Answer the questions about the • a painting poem. 1 Read Verse 1. What examples does Example the writer give to compare life to a journey? A: I think life is like riding a bicycle because it’s hard to learn but once 2 Read Verse 2. Which of the following you learn, you never forget. Then describes how the writer feels? you can go anywhere. a) happy, excited b) confused, unsure B: I think life is a race. We have to keep c) sad, hopeless running until we get to the finishing line. 3 Read Verse 3. What does the writer talk about? 9 Your Turn Work in groups or in a) relationships with others pairs. Use your ideas in Exercise 8 to b) relationship with oneself write a short poem about life. c) both 4 Read Verse 4. What decision does the writer make? 8121 To the South Pole Journeys Warm-up 1 Are these words related to the North Pole or South Pole? Write NNNPPP oorr SP. Antarctica Arctic polar bears penguins 2 What do you know about the South Pole? What is the weather like? Why are the journeys to the South Pole diffi cult? What supplies are needed for a journey like this? Reading 3 Scan the text. Where is the writer? How many days has he spent there? Who is with him? “It’s Day 45 of our expedition to the South Pole. This must be one of the most difficult days I’ve ever had,” I thought with a heavy breath as I walked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures. We’re finally just a few miles away from our destination. This whole trip has been very diffi cult. We’ve been walking around 12 hours a day and I'm very tired. However, I can't complain because it's nothing ccoommppaarreedd ttoo tthhee jjoouurrnneeyy ooff RRooaalldd AAmmuunnddsseenn.. WWhheenneevveerr II aallmmoosstt ggaavvee uupp,, II ttrriieedd to think of how he overcame his diffi culties more than 100 years ago. This journey has been special even though at times it felt like it was never going to end. First, it’s not easy to move over the white snow and ice that feels like an ocean. Sometimes it’s white everywhere and it’s hard to see more than a few metres ahead because of storms. Luckily, we have planned the route well. Another challenge of the journey is preparing food. For example, we have to eat any hot food fast as it gets cold quickly. Sometimes, we just have some nuts and sweets since there's no time to stop for a proper meal. Even so, we've always made sure that we eat the right food so that we can continue our journey with enough energy. I think the hardest part is to protect our feet. It would be awful if we couldn't get to the pole because of injuries. Our team doctor has always treated our injuries well and has kept us in good shape. It will feel wonderful to be finally standing at the South Pole. This expedition has taught me that we need to overcome all kinds of difficulties before we can succeed and that we should never give up. 82Unit 7 Journeys 4 Read the Reading Help. Write 5 Read the text again and complete the the topic sentences of paragraphs rreeppoorrtt.. 2 – 5. Then decide which sentence supports the topic sentence. Destination: _________ Reading Help: Identifying the topic Difficulties: sentences • felt _____ because they walked 12 hours a day in _________ • The topic sentence is usually, but not always, found at the beginning of a temperatures paragraph. • hard to __________ snow and • The topic sentence is usually hard to _____ because of storms supported with specifi c information • food got ______ because it was and examples. so cold, sometimes there was not enough ____ to eat properly 2: ______________________________ • need to protect your _______ a This trip is a wonderful experience for me. What I've learned: b Sometimes I can’t get enough sleep. have to ____ all kinds of diffculties ccc Roald Amundsen was a great explorer. to succeed, never ____ 3: ______________________________ a It is easy to get lost. 6Your Opinion Would you like to take a journey like this one day? Why or b The ice looks so nice under the sun. why not? ccc II ppllaannnneedd tthhiiss ttrriipp for three years. Speaking 4: ______________________________ a We stopped at different places during the 7 GGGrrrooouuuppp WWWooorrrkkk GGiivvee aa pprreesseennttaattiioonn about the journey to your class. expedition. b We brought a lot of warm clothes. Example ccc UUssuuaallllyy wwee ccooookk ssiimmppllee hhoott mmeeaallss.. A: Expedition to the South Pole is diffi cult. You have to walk for 12 5: ______________________________ hours a day … a The sharp ice can hurt our feet easily. B: It’s very cold and there is snow b We wear hats to protect our heads. everywhere … ccc IItt iiss oouurr ddooccttoorr''ss fifi rrsstt ttrriipp wwiitthh uuss.. C: To fi nish, we have learned that … 83Communication Workshop Journeys Reading 1 Read about Jenny’s journey. Then match the correct paragraphs and the pictures below. My Shanghai Journey (1) Last summer, I went to Shanghai with my parents. It was our first time. Shanghai is a large and modern city but it also has lots of historical places. I was really excited to have the chance to see them. (2) We stayed there for two days. On the first day, we went to Nanjing Road where there were lots of busy shopping malls. We also visited some places in the city centre. In the evening, we went to the Bund – a well-known waterfront area on the Huangpu River. We also went to the Oriental Pearl Tower, which is a landmark in Pudong and one of the world’s tallest TV towers. (3) On the second day, we visited Xintiandi, where we saw lots of modern shops and restaurants in traditional shikumen-style houses. The old buildings there look very interesting. The scenery was really amazing! (4) Our stay in Shanghai was an unforgettable experience. I liked both the new and the old Shanghai. Two days was a bit short. I hope I can go to Shanghai again some time in the future. a ) b ) ________ ________ 2 Look for the adjectives in Jenny‘s writing that have the following meanings. connected with the past (para. 1) ___________ famous, known about by a lot of people (para. 2) ___________ following ideas and methods that have existed for a long time (para. 3) ___________ surprisingly good, great (para. 3) ___________ 8844Unit 7 Journeys Text Builder 3 Read Jenny’s writing again. What places and things does she talk about and how does she describe them? Complete the table below. Places Description Nanjing Road lots of _________ shopping malls the Bund a _________ waterfront area Oriental Pearl a landmark, one of the world's _________ towers Tower lots of _______ shops and restaurants in _______ shikumen-style Xintiandi houses, _________ scenery Writing 5 Write about your journey using your 4 Think about a journey you have notes. been on and write a list of adjectives to describe what you saw during your journey. Make some notes about your journey using the following table. My Journey Example historical, new, modern, old, famous, special, amazing, ancient, traditional, unforgettable, well-known Places Scenery Buildings People Food 85Unit 7 Check Your Progress A Draw lines to match the words on C Complete the following sentences the left with the appropriate words using aaa,,, aaannn oorr the. on the right. 16 I just booked ___ fl ight. ___ plane leaves tomorrow night. 1 the capital city ice cream 2 a province the Great Wall 17 Where is _____ Gobi Desert? 3 a desert the Gobi Desert 18 ____ new teacher will join our school. 4 a dessert Beijing 5 a tourist attraction Gansu 19 ____ elephant is running in the street! Vocabulary / 5 20 What’s _____ biggest country in the world? B Read the following passage and write aaa,,, aaannn oorr ttthhheee iinn tthhee bbllaannkkss.. TThheenn 21 I baked ____ cake for your birthday. answer the following questions. _____ cake looks good! Inner Journey 22 I read ______ interesting story last night. A wise man told me the most important journey I would ever D Underline and correct the errors make in life was 6____ journey in the following sentences. Then into myself. More important than write the correct sentences. where I would go was what I would Dalian is ttthhheee bbeeaauuttiiffuull cciittyy.. learn about my true self. The best Dalian is a beautiful city. question, he told me, to ask myself throughout my life was "Who am 23 I’d like to buy a biggest one. I?" As I journeyed through life, 7___ answer has changed. I was, at first, 24 He goes there every day after the 8___ child, 9____ son, then 10____ lunch. student, 11___ class president, 12____ employee and now, 13____ 25 She will study at a University of boss! Finally, I am discovering that Hong Kong. these are all just "on the surface", and who I really am is much deeper and more meaningful! 26 He dropped a egg. 14 What question did the wise man say 27 What is a meaning of life? was the best? _____________________________ 28 This is an end of the unit. 15 What is your answer to this question for yourself? Grammar / 23 ____________________________________ 86Across Cultures 4 JJoouurrnneeyy ttoo tthhee WWeesstt 1 What do you know about the story “Journey to the West”? 2 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 What did Monkey King do in heaven? 2 What did Monkey King do for Xuanzang? 3 What are some similarities between Monkey King and Pigsy? 4 Why did Xuanzang go with the demons? 3 Read the text again. Is the journey easy or diffi cult? Why? Sun Wukong, or Monkey King, was a monkey who learned to be very good at magic and fi ghting. He was given a job in heaven guarding a peach garden, but he was very naughty, so Buddha imprisoned (关押) him under a mountain. Buddha sent a monk, Xuanzang, to India to get some books to teach people how to live better lives. Guanyin found Monkey and freed him so that he could go along on the journey to India and protect Xuanzang. Monkey King tried to be good, but broke his promise. Then, Xuanzang and Monkey King met Zhu Bajie, or Pigsy, who also used to have a good job in heaven, but behaved badly and was changed into a pig-man. Pigsy agreed to come along with them. Pigsy was very greedy (贪吃的) and lazy. Next, they met a water monster called Sha Wujing, or Sandy. Monkey King and Pigsy fought Sandy. After a long fight they discovered Sandy was from heaven, too. Sandy joined them. Unlike Monkey King and Pigsy, Sandy was quiet and reliable. Along the way, the travellers met powerful and dangerous demons (妖怪), who wanted to eat Xuanzang because they thought it would make them live forever. Many of the demons could change themselves to look nice and friendly, so they often tricked Xuanzang into going with them. However, Monkey, Sandy and Pigsy always rescued Xuanzang. Many years later, the four reached India and got the special books, which they took back to China. 8877Unit 7 Study Help Brainstorming and Editing Brainstorming ideas Editing You can use 5W1H questions to You can use this checklist to check brainstorm ideas for writing. For your writing. example: Checklist Topic: My journey to London 5W1H Examples √ Are my ideas / paragraphs When When did I go to London? well connected? Who Who went with me? √ Is there one main idea in Where Where did I go? each paragraph? √ Did I spell the words What were the special things What I saw during my journey? correctly? √ Did I use the correct tenses? How did I feel during the How √ Did I use the appropriate journey? verbs / adjectives / adverbs? Why WWhhyy did I feel this way? √ Did I use the correct punctuation? Tell your partner what other ways of brainstorming ideas you have tried before. DDiissccoovveerriieess Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the texts about the Silk Road and an expedition to the South Pole. Language • I know how to use the articles a, an and the. and Skills• I know the special features of poems. • I can identify the topic sentences of a text. • I can write about a journey I have been on. • I can understand the text about "Journey Culture to the West". Study • I know how to brainstorm ideas for writing Skills and use a checklist to check my writing. 88Talk about scientifi c discoveries. Unit 8 Read about important discoveries and read anexperiment report. Listen to a speech. WWrriittee aabboouutt ddiissccoovveerryy oorr eexxppeerriieennccee.. B LLeeaarrnn aabboouutt ccoonnddiittiioonnaallss.. B A A C C D D DDiissccoovveerriieess Getting Ready Example 1 LLooookk aatt tthhee pphhoottooss.. WWhhaatt aarree tthhee I think the person in Photo A is ppeeooppllee ddooiinngg?? WWhhaatt ddoo yyoouu tthhiinnkk observing the stars. Maybe he is trying to discover a new star. tthheeyy aarree ttrryyiinngg ttoo ddiissccoovveerr?? 2 Think about discoveries you know. Key Words: Discoveries 1 Can you name some famous chemistry, do experiments, electricity, discoveries? health, lab, machine, observe, physics, 2 Among these discoveries, which do research, space, technology you think are the most important ones? 889922 Famous Discoveries Discoveries 3 When did these things happen? Warm-up Write the correct years. 1 What discovery do you think is tthhee mmoosstt iinntteerreessttiinngg oonnee?? Event Year Example The structure of DNA was discovered. I think X-rays are the most interesting Wilhelm Roentgen received the discovery. Nobel Prize. Reading Scientists discovered DNA. 2 Skim the text. Which discoveries does it discuss? What discoveries have infl uenced our lives most? Here’s a list. Do you have any to add? Antibiotics Three centuries ago, many children died very young because of different diseases. Now with antibiotics, a lot of these diseases can be cured easily. However, we need to be careful about how we use antibiotics because if we do not use them correctly, they can cause serious health problems. DNA DNA is the building block of life and was discovered in 1869. Over many years, scientists have slowly learned more and more about DNA. In 1928, scientists discovered that DNA passed on certain characteristics from parents to children. In 1953, the famous structure of DNA was discovered. Now, scientists have a map of our DNA that tells them a great deal about what we get from our parents. If we learn more about DNA, we will be able to treat more diseases. X-rays Wilhelm Roentgen, a German scientist, was the first to study aanndd nnaammee XX--rraayyss iinn 11889955 aanndd iinn 11990011,, hhee wwaass aawwaarrddeedd tthhee fifi rrsstt-- eevveerr NNoobbeell PPrriizzee iinn PPhhyyssiiccss ffoorr tthhiiss ddiissccoovveerryy.. XX--rraayyss ggoo rriigghhtt tthhrroouugghh ssoommee tthhiinnggss,, lliikkee sskkiinn aanndd wwoooodd,, bbuutt aarree ssttooppppeedd bbyy ootthheerrss,, ssuucchh aass bboonneess oorr mmeettaall.. TThhiiss mmeeaannss tthhaatt tthheeyy ccaann bbee uusseedd ttoo sseeee bbrrookkeenn bboonneess iinn ppeeooppllee oorr tthhiinnggss iinnssiiddee ssuuiittccaasseess.. WWiitthh XX--rraayy mmaacchhiinneess ddooccttoorrss ccaann ttrreeaatt bbrrookkeenn bboonneess mmuucchh mmoorree eeaassiillyy.. If we discover more about the human body, we can help people live longer and bett er lives. 9900Unit 8 Discoveries 4 Read the text again. Answer the 7 Complete the sentences with your questions below. own ideas. 1 What effect do antibiotics have on how If I go to London, ________________. long people live? If I have a ten-day holiday, _________. 2 Scientists discovered DNA in 1869. If you don't work hard in school, _____. How many years later did they discover its structure? If you lend me your football, ________. 3 What can scientists know from the map If you call me, ___________. of our DNA? 4 Who are X-rays useful for? How do you Speaking know? 8 Pair Work Ask and answer these GGrraammmmaarr 条件状语从句 questions with your partner. 5 Read the sentences from the text. What can/will you do if … Then try to fi nd out the rules and · there is a fi re? complete the table. · there is an earthquake? If we do not use them correctly, they · your bike is broken on your way to can cause serious health problems. school? If we learnmore about DNA, we will be · you get lost? able to treat more diseases. If wediscover more about the human Example body, we can help people live longer A: Baining, what will you do if there and better lives. is a fi re? 从句 主句 B: I will stay calm and call 119. If I ______ (have) time, I _______ (visit) my grandparents. 9 Group Work Talk about the If you _______ (have) any you _______ (ask) Kim discoveries in Exercise 2. Which do questions, for help. you think is the most important? Grammar Summary 7, page 175. Example 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. A: I think X-rays are the most 1 If you ______ (go) to bed late, you______ important discovery. (feel) tired the next day. B: Why? 2 You ______ (join) the Chess Club if you A: BBeeccaauussee wwiitthh XX--rraayyss,, ddooccttoorrss ccaann hheellpp fifi xx bbrrookkeenn bboonneess mmoorree eeaassiillyy.. _____ (be) interested in it. C: ... 3 We ______ (stay) at home if it ______ (rain) tomorrow. 4 If I _____ (fi nish) the work early, I______ (play) basketball with you. 991123 Discovery of the Year Discoveries Warm-up 1 Match the inventions with the inventors. a the light bulb Cai Lun b the telephone Thomas Edison c the plane The Wright brothers d the paper Alexander Bell 2 The following are statements from a speech. What might be the correct order? Guess. Dr Millar says ... Order And above all, they never gave up. This discovery wasn’t made easily. Dr Harold Millar is giving a speech at a So, in closing, I wish you a wonderful meeting of the Academy of Sciences. evening as we celebrate these great achievements. Just like Charles Kettering, who Listening said, “Believe and act as if it were 3 Listen to the speech. Check the order impossible to fail.” of the statements. Welcome to the Roseland Centre. 4 Listen to what Dr Millar says. What It’s an honour to be here tonight as is he trying to do in his speech? we present the award for Discovery a to introduce Roseland Centre of the Year. b to tell the listeners about the hard work of the award winners ccc ttoo tteellll tthhee lliisstteenneerrss tthhee ddiifffifi ccuullttiieess tthhaatt he has had d to praise Chairman Wilson’s achievements 92Unit 8 Discoveries 5 Listen again. Are these sentences Speaking true or false? How do you know? 7 Pair Work Imagine you are the 1 The winners of the award have made principal of Jolly High School. some discoveries in medicine. CCChhhoooooossseee ooonnneee ooofff ttthhheee sssiiitttuuuaaattiioonnss bbeellooww.. 2 It was not very diffi cult to decide who Discuss with your partner what you would get the award. can say in the speech. 3 All of the researchers worked hard. You want to give a speech … 4 Chairman Wilson will present the award. · on the fi rst day of school · at a parents’ meeting Function 演讲 · at a school concert 6 Read the Key Expressions. Example Key Expressions: MMaakkiinngg a formal speech A: We can begin the speech by saying “Dear parents, teachers Opening and students”. Chairman Wilson, ladies and gentlemen, B: Then we can say “Welcome to Welcome to the ... Jolly High School”. It’s an honour to be here tonight as we … 8 Your Turn Write a short speech. Then give your speech to the class. Main body I want to take this time to share ... Example I have great respect for … And above all, … Dear parents, teachers and Just like... who said, ... students, While we honour you this evening, Welcome to Jolly High School, we mustn’t forget ... and welcome to our school Closing concert. It's an honour to have So, in closing, I wish you a wonderful the famous songwriter Li evening as we ... Mengtao here. … Now, let’s give a warm round of applause to … 9324 An Experiment Report Discoveries Warm-up 1 Have you done any experiments Reading Help: Taking notes before? What were they? Did you •• SSkkiimm tthhee rreeppoorrtt qquuiicckkllyy ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd write an experiment report? tthhee ppuurrppoossee ooff tthhee eexxppeerriimmeenntt.. •• LLooookk aatt tthhee ttaabblleess aanndd ppiiccttuurreess ttoo ggeett kkeeyy iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn.. Reading •• WWrriittee ddoowwnn kkeeyy wwoorrddss lliikkee nnuummbbeerrss,, 2 Read the Reading Help. Read the ddaatteess aanndd aaccttiioonnss.. •• UUssee sshhoorrtt ffoorrmmss oorr ssyymmbboollss,, experiment report and take notes on ee..gg.. >> == bbiiggggeerr,, xx == nnoott,, �� == bbeeccaauussee.. page 95. An Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants TThhiinnggss pprreeppaarreedd:: • a potato that has sprouts • a fl ower pot with soil • a camera to record progress Observation: DDaayy OOnnee The colour of the soil looks darker because I have just watered it. In the centre of the pot, I can see a tiny sprout that has grown from the potato under the soil. I’ll call it Buddy. Buddy is green and yellow. I wonder how fast it will grow. DDaayy SSiixx Without much change in the past six days, I fi nally see some new progress on Buddy as it has grown taller. It’s exciting to see new life like this. I hope Buddy can grow faster. DDaayy EElleevveenn Buddy is getting larger! Three more new sprouts have grown around Buddy! Green leaves have grown on the new sprouts, but they have not fully grown yet. I guess I need to be a bit more patient. 94Unit 8 Discoveries Day Progress 3 Read the text again and answer the questions. A tiny ________ called Buddy has 1 grown. 1 How does the writer feel when she sees the progress of 6 Buddy is _______ than before. the plant? Buddy ________. ____________ 11 2 What do you need to do have grown around Buddy! to grow potato plants Buddy continues ________. More successfully? 13 __________ have grown. 3 How is growing plants similar The leaves on the other sprouts are to trying to succeed in life? 15 _____ tall. 4 Your Opinion Do you think this is a good experiment for Day Thirteen six-year-old kids? Why or Buddy continues to grow why not? taller. The leaves on the new sprouts have grown a bit. I’m Speaking also excited to see more new sprouts that have grown from 5 PPPaaaiiirrr WWWooorrrkkk Choose a day under the soil. from the experiment in the text. Describe it for your DDaayy FFiiftft eeeenn partner to guess which day it Finally, the leaves on the other is. Then change roles. sprouts are 3 cm tall. They’re so green. I hope they will soon Example grow into new potatoes. A: A tiny sprout has grown What I have learned from the potato under the soil. It’s really interesting to grow potatoes. During these BB:: It’s Day One. fifteen days, I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water. If the soil is dry, the potato will fail to grow. I have also learned that the temperature needs to be right. If it is too cold, it won’t grow. I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life – it takes not only time, but also lots of eff ort and patience. 95Communication Workshop Discoveries Reading 1 Read Rich’s story and fi ll in the table below. Learning from Discoveries When I was in junior high school, I was not good at sports because I was overweight. I was often laughed at by other students in my PE class. Gradually, I came to believe that I did not have the talent for sports. One day, I was playing table tennis with a classmate in my PE class. My teacher said I was playing well and asked me to show the other students how to play. I was very happy because it was the first time I had ever been praised by my PE teacher. From then on, I made up my mind to practise table tennis every day. After a lot of practice, I became the best table tennis player in my class. I started to love sports and joined others in doing all kinds of sports: running, swimming, football, basketball, etc. One year later, I not only did well in my PE class but also lost 10 kg and became the star of my class at the school sports games. The experience of going from failure to success has taught me that everyone can be successful if they work hard. Before Personal experience After What was he like? What happened? What did he learn? 999666Unit 8 Discoveries 2 In pairs, ask and answer questions about Rich’s experience. Example A: What did Rich think about himself when he was in junior high school? B: He thought he could not do sports. A: What happened one day during PE class? B: His teacher… He learned… Writing 3 Think of a personal discovery or experience which has changed your life or from which you have learned something. Then answer the questions below. Before Personal discovery/ After experience What was the result? What were you like? What happened? ___________________ ____________________ ___________________ Did it change your How did you behave? When did it happen? behaviour or beliefs? ____________________ ____________________ ___________________ What did you believe? What did you learn from it? ____________________ ____________________ 4 Write about your discovery or experience. Use your answers in Exercise 3 and the example in Exercise 1 to help you. My Discovery / Experience 97Unit 8 Check Your Progress A Addiissccoovveerryyis something that exists C Choose the best words to complete already and we learn about. An the sentences. iinnvveennttiioonn is a tool that is created by 13 If she ____ hard, she ____ into college. someone. Put the items in the box a will work / gets below into the correct list. b works / will get 14 The dog ____ inside if it ____ trained. paper electricity light bulb a will live / be X-rays DNA airplane b will live / is Invention Discovery 15 The land ____ healthy if we ____ the 1 _________ 4 _________ soil. 2 _________ 5 _________ a will be / take care of 3 _________ 6 _________ b is / will take care of Vocabulary / 6 16 Some snakes _____ you if you ______ bitten by them. B Use words from the box below to a will kill / are complete the passage. b kill / will be treated antibiotics diseases 17 If lightning ______ a tree, it . DNA go through parents a will strike / burns b strikes / will burn During the last hundred years, many new discoveries have changed our lives. 18 You for the weekend if you . Among them, antibiotics, DNA, and a can stay / like X-rays are three examples. With the b stay / like discovery of 7 _____, a lot of 19 If you _____ him, _____ him this note. 8 _____ can be cured more easily. a see / to give Similarly, with the discovery of 9 _____ b see / give —— the building block of life —— scientists can tell a lot more about what 20 If the weather _____ fi ne, we _____ go we get from our 10 _____ so that many swimming tomorrow. a is / will diseases can be explained, 11 _____ b will be / will or even prevented. X-rays are another example. As it can 12 _____ things like skin and wood but not things like bones Grammar / 14 or metal, doctors can use them to treat broken bones far more easily. 98Fun Zone 4 Show Time! 1 Match the people with the 2 Which invention is scientifi cally descriptions. impossible? Which ones are real products? *Clocky* 1 With “Clocky”, getting up in the morning a Thomas b Leonardo is fun! When you Edison da Vinci press the “off” button, Clocky moves off your bedside table onto the fl oor and hides To stop the noise, somewhere in your you’ve got to fi nd him! bedroom. c The Wright d Isaac Brothers Newton 2 Fireplace with Waterfall 1 Artist, scientist and engineer This fantastic new His most famous painting is the Mona fi replace doesn’t only LLLiiisssaaa.. HHee mmaaddee nnootteess aanndd ddrraawwiinnggss ffoorr keep you warm. You a tank, a helicopter and a submarine. can look at a beautiful waterfall in your living 2 Inventors and pilots room and listen to They began by building and flying the relaxing sound of “gliders”, light planes without water. engines (发动机). After many tests through the years, finally, on 3 Teleport December 17, 1903 they successfully Do you hate the fl ew the fi rst airplane. journey to school every morning? With 3 Mathematician and scientist “Teleport” you can be He made great progress in advanced there in a few seconds! mathematics and showed that light is Maximum range at the made up of different colours. He also moment is 5 km. defined laws of gravity and motion (物体的运动), which later became Canine Diving Suit 4 the basis of modern physics. 4 Inventor and businessman DDooggss lloovvee sswwiimmmmiinngg bbuutt never get the chance Many people think he invented the to explore underwater. first light bulb, but he actually created The next time you go many things that people could use in underwater, take your their homes. He invented the fi rst record dog with you in this player. He also started one of the first ffaannttaassttiicc nneeww ddiivviinngg ssuuiitt!! electric companies in 1880. 9999Unit 8 Study Help Formal and Informal Language • When you look up words in good dictionaries, you can see if they are formal or informal. Example kid /kɪd/ n. [C] (informal) a child • When you write down new words and expressions, note if they are formal or informal. Example Hi, Chris. How’s it going? → informal Good morning. How are you, Mr Tallen? → formal Make a list of informal words and expressions that you know. Then write down their equivalents in formal language. Informal words and expressions Their equivalents in formal language SSaavvee tthhee PPllaanneett Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the text about important discoveries. • I can write conditional clauses. Language • I know how to make a formal speech. and Skills • I know how to take notes while reading. • I can write about a personal discovery or experience which has changed my life. • I can tell the difference between formal Study and informal words or expressions with the Skills help of a dictionary. 100Talk about recycling and saving energy. Unit 9 Read about tree planting in China. Listen to a dialogue about river pollution. Write about helping save the planet. Learn how to interview someone. B A C D SSaavvee tthhee PPllaanneett Getting Ready 1 Look at the Key Words. What do 2 Look at the photos and answer you know about pollution? these questions. Key Words: Pollution 1 What can you see in Photos A and B? air, energy, factory, nature, What problems do these things cause? plant trees, pollute, recycle, reuse, rubbish, soil, take action, water 2 What are the men doing in Photo C? 3 What is happening in Photo D? Example The air, water and land are polluted. We must take action to protect the planet. 11001125 Going Green Save the Planet Warm-up 1 Look at the photos. Do you think the boy lives in a town or in the country? Why? Example Reading I think the boy lives in the country, 2 Look at the photos and skim the because he is standing in a fi eld text. Who wrote this article? What is and holding two hens. iitt aabboouutt?? We hear a lot about how we should change our lives to help save our planet. Jim Barnes, 15, from Oxford, talks about what his family does every day to save the planet. A common UK family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay. It also costs lots of money to keep buying new things to replace the things we throw away. So to help save the planet and save money, our family has decided to recycle everything. We collect used things, such as paper and bottles, and put them into different bins. After they are treated in the recycling place they can be used again. This will help reduce a lot of waste. We’re also going to grow our own vegetables and we already keep hens. Soon, we can eat our own eggs for breakfast. In a year, a family like ours uses about 4,800 kWh for watching television, taking showers, using the dishwasher and the washing machine, and more. This is a lot. To produce this much energy, a lot of pollution is created. This pollution can cause health problems and global warming. Because of all this, we decided to do something to save electricity. We watch less TV and use low energy light bulbs now. We stopped using the dishwasher. Mum also tries to save energy while cooking. What’s more, we try to use our car less to cut down oonn aaiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn.. MMyy ddaadd oorrggaanniisseess aa ccaarr ppooooll wwiitthh oouurr nneeiigghhbboouurrss aanndd tthheeyy ttaakkee ttuurrnnss ddrriivviinngg ttoo wwoorrkk.. AAnndd II rriiddee mmyy bbiiccyyccllee ttoo sscchhooooll.. HHooww ccooooll iiss tthhaatt??!! 102Unit 9 Save the Planet Vocabulary 6 Match the verbs with the words to make as many verb phrases as 3 Read the Reading Help. Then possible. read the text and fi nd the problems and solutions Jim mentioned. save air pollution recycle used things Reading Help: Problems and solutions cut down on waste • Skim through the text and identify the cause energy key problems. Problems often appear collect before solutions. reduce electricity • For some problems, there may be more than one solution. 7 Your Turn Work in pairs and share what you have learned from Jim’s Problems Solutions family. Produce too much _______ everything: _______ ; • ____ used things Example Spend too much • ____ our own vegetables I learned that we could try to use _______ and _____ hens less electricity by watching less TV. Use too much _______ electricity: _______ • ________ less TV Speaking • use ________ • _______ the dishwasher 8 Pair Work Work in pairs and do • save electricity while an interview: What are the main _____ environmental problems we • ____ car pools to work Cut down on have? What can we do to protect our • _______ to school _______ environment? 4 Talk about the solutions that Jim’s family found to save energy. 5 Your Opinion Which of Jim’s actions do you think can help protect the environment most? What other actions do you want to suggest? 10326 Our River Save the Planet 1 2 Warm-up 1 What kinds of pollution are there in your neighbourhood? What or who is causing the pollution? 3 · air pollution ·water pollution · land pollution ·noise pollution Example There is land pollution in my community. Some people don’t put their rubbish in the dust bins. 4 Listening 2 Listen to the interview between Ellie and Jeremy. Finish Ellie’s notes. Interview Notes By Ellie Topic: incident at a polluted local ________ Name: Jeremy When: yesterday at _________ What happened: · Jeremy was _________ with his friends. · They didn’t _________ anything as usual. · There have been a lot of _________ fi sh. · A dog _______ into the water and couldn’t __________. · Jeremy got hold of him and __________. Result: · The dog wasn’t well because the water was ____________. 104Unit 9 Save the Planet 3 Listen again and answer the Speaking questions. 6 Role-play Choose a situation 1 Jeremy says “As usual!” What does below. Role-play an interview with he mean? your partner. a He usually goes fishing at around 3 pm. 1 There was a car accident when you b Usually they can’t catch any fi sh. were going home after school. ccc HHee uussuuaallllyy ggooeess fifi sshhiinngg wwiitthh hhiiss ffrriieennddss.. 2 A man stole an old lady’s handbag 2 Why didn’t the dog feel well? when you were shopping. a Because he ate the wrong medicine. b Because Jeremy hurt him. Example ccc BBeeccaauussee hhee wwaass iinn ddiirrttyy wwaatteerr.. A: Hi, Fred. Can I ask you some 3 Why do you think Jeremy has got red questions about the car accident? spots on his arms? B: Sure. 4 How did the vet try to help the dog? A: To start with, can you tell me what you were doing when the car accident happened? 采访 Function B:I was going home with my friend Lily after school. We were chatting 4 Read the Key Expressions. happily. Suddenly we heard a loud Key Expressions: Interview noise. … Can I ask you some questions about 7 Your Turn What can you do to what happened? "go green"? To start with, can you tell us when you were at the river? Example You were fishing, weren’t you? What do you mean? A: I think we should put our rubbish So, what happened yesterday? in the right place. So what did you do? B: I agree. We should also learn Then how do you feel? to recycle and reuse things. 5 Circle the best words. Then answer the questions. 1 How / When / What were you doing at seven o’clock last night? 2 WWWhhhyyy /// WWWhhhooo /// WWWhhhaaattt ddoo ppeeooppllee lliikkee watching TV? 3 WWWhhhaaattt /// WWWhhheeennn /// HHHooowww ddiidd yyoouu hhaavvee ddiinnnneerr last night? 4 WWWhhheeerrreee /// WWWhhhaaattt /// WWWhhhyyy ddiidd yyoouu ggoo llaasstt wweeeekkeenndd?? 11100055527 Tree Heroes Save the Planet Warm-up 1 What are trees used for? Why is it important to protect trees? Reading 2 Read the fi rst sentence of each paragraph. What is the main idea of the text? a Problems caused by cutting trees b Need to plant trees in China c Work of tree heroes in China d Tree planting around the world In many parts of the world, land that was once forest has changed greatly. Some of the land has become part of cities or towns. Some forest areas have become farmland while some other places no longer have any trees because they’ve been cut down for other reasons. This causes problems. It affects the climate, causes animals to move or die, and can cause deserts to expand. China needs to plant trees because so many of its forests have been cut down in the last 50 years. Although there are still problems to solve, China’s tree-planting programmes are huge. China plants more trees than the rest of the world. Who are some of the people behind these huge numbers? Let’s fi nd out. In Jiangxi Province, 83-year-old Zou Lianying has been planting trees on her land for almost 20 years. She knows that planting trees is good for the environment, so at the age of 64, she sold her cows and pigs and borrowed money to open a forest farm. Her family’s forest farm has trees covering about 4 km2 with more than 8 million trees. Her trees are worth around 12 million RMB but she won’t cut down even one tree and still lives very simply. She believes the forest she is planting will be a gift to future generations. Near Beijing, Wei Guiying and a team of helpers have planted millions of trees. They have also been working at this for more than 20 years. Now, 20 km2 of hills have turned green. It hasn’t been easy for her. She has borrowed money to pay for seedlings and still owes a lot of money. This doesn’t seem to matter to her, though, as she says proudly that she’s not a millionaire but she has millions of trees. A lot of work is still needed to prevent deserts from getting larger and to stop the climate from getting warmer, but if more of us can be like these tree heroes, it will certainly make life better for everyone. 111000666Unit 9 Save the Planet 5 Your Opinion Do you agree that Zou Lianying and Wei Guiying are heroes? Why? Vocabulary 3 Read the Reading Help. Are the 6 Match two parts of the expressions. following sentences from the text cut down from getting warmer facts or opinions? solve from getting bigger borrow money trees Reading Help: Facts and opinions prevent the desert problems • Facts are true information. They often stop the climate to pay for seedlings have fi gures, dates or places. • Opinions are what the writer thinks. Speaking They often have opinion adjectives (e.g. boring), opinion verbs (e.g. think, 7 Group Work Work in groups. believe), or modals (e.g. might, may). Make a presentation about tree 1 China plants more trees than the rest of planting in China. Imagine that you the world. will present it at an international meeting. 2 In Jiangxi Province, 83-year-old Zou Lianying has been planting trees on • achievements her land for almost 20 years. • good examples 3 They have also been working at this for • diffi culties more than 20 years. • our beliefs 4 It hasn’t been easy for her. 5 If more of us can be like these tree Example heroes, it will certainly make life better for everyone. Ladies and gentlemen, I’m here to tell you about tree 4 What do the following numbers in planting in China. … the text refer to? Tell your partner about the facts related to these numbers. 50 83 8,000,000 12,000,000 64 20 4 Example Zou Lianying opened a forest farm at the age of 64. 107CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn WWoorrkksshhoopp Save the Planet Reading 1 Read Matt hew’s article and answer the questions below. Save the Planet Over the last few years, my family and I have started working towards a greener life. My mum and dad drive less and often take a bus to work. They are careful to save gas when they cook. We recycle things like paper, cans and bottles, and we give old clothes and furniture to charities. In order to save energy, we turn off the lights during the day or when they are not being used. Is all that enough? I believe there is a lot more we can do. For example, we will try to use less water by turning off the tap while we brush our teeth, and reusing the washing machine water to flush the toilet. Taking shorter showers will help too, as it will save water. Every member of our family will take part. Saving the planet needs everyone’s effort. Although each one of us may only do a little, together we can make a big difference. Let’s work together to make our planet a better place to live. 1 What do Matthew’s parents do to help reduce pollution? 2 What do Matthew’s parents do to save gas? 3 What do Matthew and his family usually recycle? 4 What will Matthew and his family do to save water? Text Builder 2 Can you classify what Matt hew and his family do and will do into the following groups? Protecting the environment Recycling Reducing electricity Saving water and fuel use 108Unit 9 Save the Planet Writing 3 Think about what you have done or what you will do to reduce pollution and save energy. Write them down and try to classify them into the diff erent ways of protecting the environment. Protecting the environment Recycling Reducing electricity and Saving water and energy fuel use What I have done: What I have done: What I have done: What I will do: What I will do: What I will do: 4 Write about what you have done or will do to help save the planet. Use your notes from Exercise 3 and the example in Exercise 1 to help you. Save the Planet 110099Unit 9 Check Your Progress A Draw lines to match the words with C Write the correct kind of pollution their appropriate meaning. behind each sentence. 1 prevent power that provides air pollution water pollution electricity for a machine land pollution noise pollution 2 recycle to use again 16 There is a river near my home. It is no 3 energy young trees longer clean and clear. It is dirty and 4 reuse harmful things in the smells bad. ___________ environment 17 I live near a big factory. It runs day and 5 reduce to stop something from happening night, so I can't sleep well. 6 pollution to use less ______________________________ 18 The sky is not clear, and there is lots of 7 seedlings to make something new out of old materials smog. I have to wear a mask when I go out. ___________ Vocabulary / 7 19 Batteries pollute the soil. Some land B Put the sentences in order to make a can't even grow crops. _________ conversation. D Complete the sentences with the a Nice to see you too, Susan! School correct form of the words. finished? b I will be planting trees on a tree farm. prevent collect cause save ccc WWhhaatt wwiillll yyoouu ddoo oonn yyoouurr hhoolliiddaayyss?? d Hi John – nice to see you! 20 Turn off the lights. Let's try to e Yeah, just about – this is my last week. _______ electricity. fff TThhaatt’’ss ggrreeaatt!! IItt’’ss ggoooodd ttoo ddoo ssoommeetthhiinngg ttoo 21 They have planted a lot of trees to improve the environment. _____ the desert from getting bigger. 22 He is ________ used things so they 8 __ 9 __ 10 __ 11 __ 12 __ 13 __ can be recycled. 14 How is John helping the environment? 23 The bad weather ________ troubles ___________________________ for the fi shermen. 15 What will you do to improve the environment? Grammar / 16 ____________________________ 110Across Cultures 5 DDDiiisssaaappppppeeeaaarrriiinnnggg NNNaaatttuuurrreee 1 Are there any environmental problems in your neighbourhood? What are they? 2 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 Why must we save the Amazon? 222 WWhheenn ddiidd tthhee AArraall SSeeaa ssttaarrtt ggeettttiinngg ssmmaalllleerr?? 333 WWhhaatt iiss hhaappppeenniinngg ttoo tthhee ggrraassssllaanndd nneeaarr tthhee GGoobbii DDeesseerrtt?? 444 HHooww ccaann tthhee GGrreeeenn WWaallll PPrroojjeecctt hheellpp ttoo ssaavvee tthhee ggrraassssllaanndd?? 3 Read the text again. What can you do to help protect the environment? The Amazon(亚马逊) rainforest in South America, at seven million km², is the largest rainforest in the world. The forest is important for people all over the world, because it produces a lot of oxygen(氧气), and also helps to cool the weather. But large areas of the rainforest are being cut down for wood — 55% of the forest could be gone by 2030! The World Wildlife Federati on (WWF) is helping to stop some areas of the rainforest from being cut down. At 68,000 km², the Aral Sea(咸海) was one of the largest lakes in the world before the 1960s. Then rivers were diverted(修改河道) and it has been getti ng smaller ever since. By 2007, it was only 10% of its original size and had split into three separate lakes. There are constant dust storms and the villages sit on the edge of a vast desert with large ships stranded in its sand. A dam(水坝) has been built to try to restore higher water levels in the North with some success. In China, about 3,600 km² of grassland near the Gobi turns into desert every year. There are oft en storms that blow dust all the way to Beijing. The storms are getti ng worse each year and have a deep impact on farmers. The goal of the Green Wall Project, started in 1978, is to increase forests in northern China from 5% to 15% in order to stop the desert from growing. The project faces many challenges. However, people must never give up on it. 111111Unit 9 Study Help English outside School Learning English is not just confi ned to the classroom. You can also learn English outside school. Here are some suggestions for you: • Watch an English DVD with the subtitles in English. • Read a reader for your level. • Read newspapers and magazines in English. • Go to the BBC’s website (www.bbc.co.uk). It is a good place to practise your reading. You can also listen to BBC radio programmes online. • Talk to foreigners in English in your town or when you are on holiday. • Listen to songs in English and get the words of songs from the Internet. Which of the things above have you tried? Put a √ next to each. Try other new ways of learning English and have fun! Unit Diary How well can you do these? • I can understand the texts about a green family and some tree heroes. • I can identify problems and solutions. Language • I know how to interview someone. and Skills • I can tell the difference between facts and opinions. • I can write an article about how I help to save the planet. • I can understand the environmental Culture problems the Earth is facing. • I know more ways of learning English Study Skills outside school. 112Appendices Literature Spot: Lord of the Flies 114~115 Project 1: An Introduction to a Foreign Language 116 Project 2: A Biography of a Role Model 117 Workbook 118~171 Grammar Summary 172~175 Notes to the Texts 176~183 Tapescripts 184~189 Vocabulary in Each Unit 190~198 Word List 199~207 Irregular Verbs 208~209 后 记 210 111133Literature Spot Lord of the Flies 1 The Island In the middle of a terrible war, a Read the fi rst part of a summary of the Lord of plane carrying a group of English ttthhheee FFFllliiieeesss bbyy WWiilllliiaamm GGoollddiinngg,, tthhee NNoobbeell PPrriizzee schoolboys crashed in the jungle. winner. Match the names of the boys (1–4) with Two of the boys, Ralph and Piggy, the descriptions (a–d). saw each other on the beach. They 1 Piggy a) the leader of the group found a shell and used it to call the other boys. The last group of boys 2 Ralph b) a boy from Jack’s group who to come to the beach was led by helps Ralph an older boy, Jack. Jack said that he 3 Jack c) a boy with glasses would be in charge of the hunters, 4 Simon d) in charge of the hunters and they would look for food. 2 The Beast Read the second part of the summary. List the three most negative things that happened. Ralph gave the boys jobs: building places to live, collecting water, and keeping the fi re going. However, Simon and Ralph ended up doing most of the work while the other boys played. The hunters tried but were unable to catch a wild pig, which angered Jack. That night, a plane was shot down. The pilot jumped from the plane, landed in a tree and died. The two little boys who were keeping the fi re going saw him and thought he was a monster, a terrible beast. They told the other boys about it and all the boys were afraid. Then Ralph, Jack and some others went into the jungle to fi nd it out. Seeing the man in the tree, they thought that was indeed a monster. They ran back and told the other boys that they saw the “beast”. Seeing that Ralph was afraid, Jack told the boys that Ralph shouldn’t be their leader, but the boys didn’t agree. So Jack said he was the new leader of the hunters, and they went off on their own. Jack and the hunters ran wild in the jungle, and when they caught a pig, they put its head on a stick in the ground as an offering to the beast. Some time later, some smaller boys were playing when one of the hunters came along. He was very mean to them, and he destroyed their sand castles and threw stones at them. Then all of the hunters painted their faces and went off looking for another pig. Later, Ralph and Piggy saw a ship going by, but the hunters had let the fi re go out. When the hunters came back with a pig, Ralph yelled at them about the fi re, but they ignored him. The hunters relit the fi re, roasted the pig and danced wildly round the fi re. Meanwhile, Simon went walking in the jungle and saw the pig’s head covered in fl ies. It seemed to come to life and talk to him. Simon fainted. 111111444The boys decided to choose a leader. The boys in Jack’s group voted for him, but the rest chose Ralph. Jack was not pleased. Ralph, Jack and another boy from Jack’s group, Simon, explored the island, only to discover there were no other people there. They were all alone. Using Piggy’s glasses, they lit a signal fi re so ships passing by would see them. 3 Chaos Sad and upset, Ralph, Piggy and some others returned to their old camp. Back at Jack’s camp, he told the others that Read the last part of the Ralph and Piggy were a problem and were dangerous to summary. Why did the boys their group. That night, Jack and his group attacked Ralph’s get out of control? What do camp and stole Piggy’s glasses. you think would happen if you and your classmates The following morning, Ralph, Piggy and the other boys were in the same situation as the boys? decided to try to get Piggy’s glasses back. However, a fi ght between Jack and Ralph started. Piggy tried to stop it. He said When Simon woke up, he that it was better to have rules and to agree, than it was to fi ght walked down the beach and and kill. Suddenly, one of the hunters pushed a big rock down saw the dead pilot in the the hill and killed Piggy. Afraid, Ralph ran off into the jungle. tree. He then understood that there was no monster, In the morning, the hunters came after Ralph, and they set except the “monster” that fi re to the jungle. Ralph ran out of the jungle and towards lived inside the boys. He the beach. He was running so fast that he almost ran into a went back to the group to British sailor. The sailor’s ship had gone by. He had seen their tell them what he had seen. fi re, so he came to shore to fi nd out who was there. When he saw the boys with their faces painted and carrying big, Ralph and Piggy joined in sharp sticks, he asked Ralph to explain. Ralph tried to tell the boys’ wild behavior at him everything that had happened, but he began to cry, Jack’s feast. After the feast, and so did the other boys. In the end, the boys were taken Jack asked all the boys to to the ship to go home. join his group, and most of them did. They were dancing and chanting when they saw something coming towards them. They thought it was the beast, so they attacked and killed it. Then they discovered it was only Simon. 115Project 1 An Introduction to a Foreign Language You will introduce a foreign language. Step 1 WWoorrkk iinn ggrroouuppss.. CChhoooossee aa ffoorreeiiggnn llaanngguuaaggee tthhaatt yyoouu aarree iinntteerreesstteedd iinn.. Example A: I think French sounds beautiful. Shall we fi nd out something about it? B: How about Spanish? It’s a language spoken by a lot of people in the world. SSSttteeeppp 222 Collect information about the language that your group chooses. You can go to the library or use the Internet to search for information. Example You can fi nd out: SSppaanniisshh · In which country / countries is the · the second most common language in the language spoken? world · Is there an alphabet in the · theoffi cial language of Spain language? How many letters are · spoken in Spain, Mexico and many countries there in the alphabet? in South America · Does it have any infl uence on other · has 27 letters of alphabet languages, e.g. English? · Is it common in China? SSSttteeeppp 333 WWoorrkk wwiitthh yyoouurr ggrroouupp.. WWrriittee aabboouutt tthhee l t a o n m gu a a k g e e i . t A i d n d te i r l e lu st s i t n ra g t . ions to your writing SSppaanniisshh aanndd ootthheerr llaanngguuaaggeess TThhee SSppaanniisshh aallpphhaabbeett Example There are 27 letters in the Spanish alphabet. Most of them are the same as those in English. ¡Hola! Spanish ¿Qué tal? Self-assessment Introduction 1 Did your group members share ideas? Spanish is the second most common YYeess NNoo WWhhyy?? ____________________________________________ language in the world. It is spoken by 2 What did you do in the project? people in Spain, Mexico and many _______________________________________ countries in South America, such as 3 What interesting things did you learn from other Paraguay, Chile and … groups’ presentation? ______________________________________ SSSttteeeppp 444 PPuutt yyoouurr wwrriittiinnggss ttooggeetthheerr.. 4 Are you happy with your writing and presentation? Present your writing to the YYeess NNoo WWhhyy?? ____________________________________________ class. You can also use PPT to ppprrreeessseeennnttt yyyooouuurrr wwwrrriiitttiiinnngg.. 116Project 2 An Introduction to a Foreign Language A Biography of a Role Model You will write a biography about a good role model. Step 1 Work in groups. Choose a role model you want to write about. Example A: I think Yang Liwei is a good role model. He worked very hard to become the fi rst astronaut in China. B:I agree. I also think Liu Xiang is a good role model. He didn’t give up when he had diffi culties. SSSttteeeppp 222 CCoolllleecctt iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn aabboouutt tthhee ppeerrssoonn tthhaatt yyoouurr ggrroouupp cchhoooosseess.. YYoouu ccaann ggoo ttoo tthhee lliibbrraarryy oorr uussee tthhee IInntteerrnneett ttoo search for information. Example You can fi nd out: LLiiuu XXiiaanngg · What is his / her job? · a successful athlete · Why is he / she famous? · born in 1983 in Shanghai · What has he / she achieved? · won an Olympic gold medal in 2004 · Has he / she had any diffi culties? · practised hard after he recovered How did he / she overcome them? · kind person — donated a large sum of money · Apart from his / her career, what has to the victims of 2008 Sichuan earthquake he / she done for the society? SSSttteeeppp 333 Work with your group. Write a biography about the person. Collect photos or draw pictures for your writing. Self-assessment Example 1 Did all your group members like the role Liu Xiang model you choose? Liu Xiang is a successful Yes No Why? _________________ athlete. He won an 2 How did you come to an agreement? Olympic gold medal in _____________________________________ 2004. He … 3 What did you learn from doing the biography? _____________________________________ SSSttteeeppp 444 Put your writings together. 4 Are you satisfi ed with your writing and Present your writing to the presentation? class. You can also use PPT to YYeess NNoo WWhhyy?? ________________________________________ present your writing. 117Workbook Unit 1 Language Lesson 1 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Look at the pictures and write C Translate the sentences into English. the correct nationalities. 1 尊重不同文化是很重要的。 2 当你旅行时，学习当地的某些体态 语是有用的。 1 C__________ 2 I_________ 3 在有些地区，露出你的鞋底是不礼 貌的。 4 在亚洲国家，人们见面时一般不相 互亲吻。 3 R__________ 4 C_________ 5 在西方文化中，人们说再见时不鞠躬。 6 体态语是一种重要的交流方式。 7 她点了点头表示同意。 5 A__________ 6 F_________ 8 他举起手示意要发言。 B Rewrite the following sentences. Use the passive voice. 1 People of different cultures use different types of body language. DDiiffffeerreenntt ttyyppeess ooff bbooddyy llaanngguuaaggee aarree uusseedd bbyy ppeeooppllee ooff ddiiffffeerreenntt ccuullttuurreess.. 2 Tourists spend a lot of money. ___________________________________________________________________ 3 Hotels raise prices during the summer. ___________________________________________________________________ 4 Many travellers understand the importance of body language. ___________________________________________________________________ 5 Many people make mistakes when they travel abroad. ___________________________________________________________________ 6 In some countries, local people show respect with a bow. ___________________________________________________________________ 7 People communicate messages through words and body language. ___________________________________________________________________ 118Lesson 1 Unit 1 Language D Complete the blog. Use these Reading words: Put the sentences into the correct Asia bow culture East especially place in the article. Write A-E. Europeans Japan Japanese silly A Applicants (申请人) should shake the Chris Lee's interviewer’s hand at the beginning BLOG and end of the interview. B “If applicants are trained in good body I've just got back from 1 ________ language,” he says, “they’ll shine at - the most interesting country in interviews.” the Far 2 ____________! One of C But how many applicants ever think the most interesting things about of practising their body language? 3 ____________ people is their D They may also practise answering body language. I've never seen questions that are often asked in anyone 4 ____________ as much interviews. as they do! Although I'm also from 5 ____________, bowing isn't very E And yet, good body language can be common in my 6 ____________. So, the difference between getting the at first, I felt a bit 7 ____________ in job and not getting it. Japan, 8 ____________ when I was saying goodbye to people. Then Watch your body if you want the job! I saw that even 9 ____________ When job applicants are getting ready for and Americans were bowing. So, an interview, they try very hard to make after that, I started bowing too. And sure they are well prepared. In addition to now, I can't stop! researching the company and preparing a list of questions for their interviewer, applicants Listening may get a haircut or buy a new suit. 1 ___ What types of body language are 2 ___ Not many, according to Chris Hunt, a the children describing? Listen and label the pictures with A–D. Then careers adviser in Shanghai. 3 ___ write what each one means. “Good body language makes a job applicant 1 2 look well prepared,” Hunt explains. “4 ___ They should also sit up straight and look at the interviewer during the interview.” _______ done confi dent of _____ Hunt advises all job applicants in China to 3 4 take a course in body language, especially if they are looking for a job in a western company. 5 ___ saying ______ you don't _______ 119Unit 1 Language Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Complete the sentences. Use C Translate the sentences into these words: English. got used to grey native speakers 1 你知道美式英语和英式英语的区别吗? wonder standard fl at 2 英语没有标准的拼写方式。 1 On rainy days, the sky is ______________. 3 你爷爷不会说英语，是吗? 2 There is no such thing as ______________ English. 4 他们赢了比赛，不是吗? 3 I __________ what the weather will be like 5 我没注意到这两本书有什么不同。 tomorrow. 4 I found the food tasted strange at fi rst, but 6 以前我从未想过这些问题。 soon I __________ it. 7 你听得越多，就会越适应。 5 In British English, an apartment is called a 888 我我没没意意识识到到时时间间过过得得这这么么快快。。 ______________. 6 Our goal is to speak English like ______________. B Complete the sentences with the correct question tags. 1 Kenny comes from America, __________________? 2 In America, the ground fl oor is called the fi rst fl oor, __________________? 3 Sally hasn't come back yet, __________________? 4 The food in England isn't very good, __________________? 5 Jacky can run really fast, __________________? 6 The students aren't very hard-working, __________________? 7 You will be on time, __________________? 8 I wasn't very polite, __________________? 9 You didn't understand the question, __________________? 10 We should try harder, __________________? 120Lesson 2 Unit 1 Language Reading Read the article. Then answer the questions below. CRS: the Slang (俚语) from the East End If you thought learning English was hard, try talking to a cockney — someone who comes from the East End of London. If you go to East London now, you’ll see the modern buildings at Canary Wharf. But right up until 1980, the area was home to London’s docks, where ships from all over the world came to England to trade their goods. And it was there that, over the years, the workers developed their own slang: cockney rhyming slang (CRS, 伦敦东区押韵俚语). CRS is a type of slang where a word is replaced by a phrase that rhymes with it. So, for example, "eyes" becomes "mince pies" (sweet pies that are popular at Christmas), and "telephone" becomes "dog and bone". To make matters worse for non-cockneys, the rhyming phrases are usually made shorter, so that "mince pies" becomes "minces" and "dog and bone" becomes "dog". As a result, it can be very diffi cult for even native speakers to understand a conversation between two cockneys. However, some CRS terms have made their way into standard English slang. For example, many English people will say “I’m on my tod” when they’re on their own, not knowing that "on one’s tod" is actually rhyming slang (Tod Sloan was a famous horse rider). Similarly, some people say "barnet" when they’re talking about their hair, not realising that "barnet" is also rhyming slang (Barnet Fair is a horse show held every year in North London). So if you ever visit the East End of London, see if you can practise some CRS with the locals. They won’t believe their minces! 1 What is a cockney? _________________________________________________________________ 2 What does CRS stand for? _________________________________________________________________ 3 What are "mince pies" in CRS? _________________________________________________________________ 4 What is Barnet Fair? _________________________________________________________________ 5 At the end of the article, why does the writer say "They won’t believe their minces!"? _________________________________________________________________ 121Unit 1 Language Lesson 3 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Complete the sentences. Use C Translate the sentences into English. these words: 1 在我看来，英语不是一门难学的语 method passage progress useful work out review 言。 1 The only way to learn new words is to 2 快速阅读文章，理解大意。 ____________ them regularly. 3 我爸爸每周都会检查我的英语学习 2 When you read a _________ in English, you don't have to understand every word. 情况。 3 You can often __________ the meaning of 4 我每天晚上睡觉之前复习新单词。 a word from the context. 4 When you learn a new word, it's 5 顺便问一句，你做完功课没有? ____________ to write it down in a vocabulary book. 6 你越多用它，就觉得越容易。 5 Everyone has their own __________ of 7 我将确定我的目标，并制订一个学 learning a language. 习计划去完成这些目标。 6 If you have a clear learning plan, it's easier to measure your _________. B Look at the underlined words in the sentences. Then complete the table. Write aaa---ddd aanndd ttiicckk tthhee ccoorrrreecctt bbooxxeess.. a without delay b unhappy about a situation that you cannot control c things that you hope to get or reach in the future d gave in return for something good Meaning Noun Adjective Verb Adverb (a, b, c or d) 1 Ellen was frustrated when she got her test results. 2 Alison did her homework iimmmmeeddiiaatteellyy. 3 Philip rewarded himself with a bowl of noodles. 4 It’s important to set yourself clear ggooaallss. 122Lesson 3 Unit 1 Language D Complete the blog. Use these Reading words: Read the texts and answer the questions. online improve passages 1 structures tips try Irene Chan's Irene Chan's BLOG BLOG Irene, I have a suggestion I find learning English very difficult — for you: improve your mainly because the grammar is so English by singing karaoke! complex. Some of the language It might sound strange, but 1 ___________ are very different from Bobby it does work. the ones we have in Chinese! How did Bobby respond to Irene’s blog? Nevertheless, I'm trying very hard to _________________________________ 2 __________ my English. Every day I go 3 ____________ to chat with native 2 speakers and ask them for language To: Class 3C learning 4 __________. I also read From: Mr Wright a lot of different 5 ____________ in Since I'll be away next weekend, the English and look up any words I don't 4:30 oral English lesson will be on know afterwards. Thursday, not Friday, afternoon this week. It will also start half an hour Do you have any suggestions for later than usual. me? Let me know and I'll give them See you all there! a 6 ___________! When is the oral English lesson this week? Listening _________________________________ Listen to the interview with a foreign 3 teacher. Write the correct answer a, b ooorrr cc.. 1 Miss Green thinks students should ___. a share language learning tips To: ray@biaozhun.com b study once a week From: joanna@biaozhun.com c have clear goals Hi Ray, 2 Miss Green suggests that students ___. Do you still have my English a have fun when they’re learning dictionary? I need it to work on my b help each other with their English project tomorrow. c have more hobbies Thanks, 3 Miss Green tells students to avoid ___. Joanna a getting frustrated What does Joanna want Ray to do? b revising their learning plans c changing their learning methods _________________________________ 123Unit 2 Books Lesson 4 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into English. words: 1 门口来了一个男孩。 ancient are used to cartoons 2 汽车抛锚了。我们只好步行到达 public science fi ction society 公园。 1 Many successful fi lms have been made from 3 在故事里，女孩走入了一片奇怪 ____________ books. 的森林。 2 There are a lot of English books at the ____________ library. 4 战后这两名军官依然保持着密切 3 Ricky loves reading the _________ in the 的联系。 newspaper. 5 她和一个名叫爱丽丝的女孩相处得 4 Many people ______________ reading 很好。 e-books now. 6 他的好奇心常常让他陷入麻烦。 5 In __________ times, there were no printed books. 6 In modern ___________, people don't have much time to read. B Rewrite the following sentences. Use the passive voice. 1 Cindy read out the poem. __________________________________________________________________ 2 Jason wrote the short story. __________________________________________________________________ 3 Everyone in the class has seen the play. __________________________________________________________________ 4 Carmen has borrowed the history book. __________________________________________________________________ 5 Mrs Chen has changed the students' reading habits. __________________________________________________________________ 6 Mr Li gave me some suggestions. __________________________________________________________________ 7 Someone stole the English dictionary in the library yesterday. __________________________________________________________________ 8 In some ways, watching television has replaced reading books. __________________________________________________________________ 124Lesson 4 Unit 2 Books D Complete the blog. Circle the Reading correct words. Match the books with the readers. Mandy's Write A-E. BLOG A Futurama is an everyday story of a I've just read a great book - Catcher family living in a big city. But the in the Rye. It 1 was / were written by family is made up of four strange J.D. Salinger, an American writer, and creatures, and the city is CT33 on it was 2 publish / published in 1951. Planet Zog! CCCaaatttccchhheeerrr iiinnn ttthhheee RRRyyyeee iiss aabboouutt aa 1166-- B year-old boy called Holden Caulfield Learn about China’s recent past in this all-new study by Ann Whitehouse, who has been 3 forced / created to who lives in Hong Kong. Enjoyable leave his school. Holden doesn't for serious students and everyday want his parents to find out what readers, Modern China makes the 4 have been happened / has happened, perfect present! so for three days he stays in New York City, where he has many adventures. C Improve your language learning Catcher in the Rye5 are named / with Power Learning, the latest book from world-famous self-help was named by Modern Library as author Ron Power. Whatever the one of the 100 best English-language language, this book will make the novels of the 20th century. What's difference! more, it 6 has been compared / compared by many people to Mark D In the Cool Light of Day is a book Twain's classic The Adventures of for everyone in love with this HHHuuuccckkkllleeebbbeeerrrrrryyy FFFiiinnnnnn -- wwhhiicchh,, bbyy tthhee crazy, modern world of ours. A way, is next on my reading list! collection of poems that will leave you surprised, excited, and much, much more … Listening E Listen to the dialogues and read the First performed in 1949, and as important today as it ever was, statements. Write TTT ((TTrruuee)) oorr FFF ((FFaallssee)).. Arthur Miller’s award-winning 1 Friendship is one of the main ideas of The play is presented here with an introduction by Broadway director Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ___ Bruce Hays. 2 TTT hhheee LLLooorrrddd ooofff ttthhheee RRRiiinnngggsss iiss sseett iinn aa llaanndd 1 ___ Amy likes reading history books. called Middle-earth. ___ 2 ___ Donald likes science fiction books. 3 One of the main characters in theH arry 3 ___ Lisa likes reading poems. PPPoootttttteeerrr bbooookkss iiss aa lloorrdd.. ______ 4 ___ Colin likes reading plays. 4 BBB rrraaavvveee NNNeeewww WWWooorrrlllddd iiss sseett iinn LLoonnddoonn iinn 5 ___ Susan wants to get better at learning 1931. ___ English. 125Unit 2 Books Lesson 5 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. advantage depends wise 1 今天我们将讨论教育的重要性。 period clear through 2 他到处找他的钥匙。 1 Mark Twain was a very _________ man. 3 他在英语测验前很紧张。 2 What kind of books you like _________ on your character. 4 好书让我们增长知识。 3 It was quite _________ that she was lying. 5 她有一本著名的小说。 4 The early years are an important _________ 6 阅读是个好习惯，因为它有助于发 in a person's life. 展想象力。 5 A bird fl ew in _________ the window. 7 环境优美是这个城市的一个优势。 6 Children who read regularly have an _________ over those who don't. B Match the quotations with the meanings. 1 A book is never a classic: it becomes it. a Reading, like writing, is a creative act. (E & J de Goncourt) 2 A novel is a mirror walking on a b When we read, we are guided by and highway (公路). (Stendhal) learn about our own character. 3 One who believes all of a book would c A book is only a classic if it has been be better off without books. (Mencius) important for a long time. 4 In reality, every reader is, when he reads, d At the right time, quotations can be the reader of himself. (Marcel Proust) very welcome. 5 Reading is creation directed. e Novels show what the real world is like. (Jean-Paul Sartre) 6 A quotation at the right moment is like fff WWee sshhoouullddnn’’tt bbeelliieevvee eevveerryytthhiinngg wwee bread to the hungry. (The Talmud) read in a book. 126Lesson 5 Unit 2 Books D Complete the webpage. Write Reading a–i. Read the reading journal. Match a achieving b classics c develop the paragraphs with the paragraph d e-books e habit fff iinnssppiirreedd headings. Write a–e. g leader h storybooks i succeed a Background b Opinion c Quotations d Summary e Themes Home New Services Contacts TThhee LLiittttllee PPrriinnccee Read to succeed! 1 ___ TTThhheee LLLiiittttttllleee PPPrrriiinnnccceee iiss aa ssttoorryybbooookk bbyy As the American writer Margaret Fuller Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It was fi rst published in 1943 and is now one of the famously said, "Today a reader, tomorrow best-selling books ever. a 1 ___." Or, in other words, people who 2 ___ read a lot today will 2 ___ in the future. The narrator, a pilot whose plane has crashed (坠毁) in the desert, meets the Whether you read non-fi ction books or little prince, who is visiting the Earth from 3 ___, modern books or 4 ___, printed the tiny “planet” where he lives. The little prince tells the narrator about his travels books or 5 ___, it doesn't matter; if you and his experiences on the Earth, where he form a 6 ___ of reading regularly, you'll meets a fox who teaches him about love and responsibility, and a snake who says he greatly improve your chances of 7 ___ your has the power to return him home. At the goals in life. end of the story, the little prince dies after letting the snake bite him. Why? Because you'll learn about new 3 ___ things; you'll 8 ___ your imagination; and Although it’s a children’s book, The Little PPPrrriiinnnccceee hhaass sseevveerraall aadduulltt tthheemmeess,, iinncclluuddiinngg you'll feel 9 ___ too! the idea that adults have lost the ability to be Click here to see our list of amazing books! thankful for the important things in life. 4 ___ “““IIIttt iiisss ooonnnlllyyy wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee hhheeeaaarrrttt ttthhhaaattt ooonnneee cccaaannn Listening ssseeeeee wwweeellllll... TTThhheee eeesssssseeennntttiiiaaalll (((本本质质) is invisible (看看不不见见的的) to the eyes.” How do the people feel? Match the “Only children know what they are names with the feelings. looking for.” 1 Patrick a excited 5 ___ 2 Vivian b full This is a touching story with a lot of wisdom. It’s not surprising that it has 3 Priscilla c happy become a classic! 4 David d nervous 5 Eva e surprised 127Unit 2 Books Lesson 6 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Look at the pictures and write the feelings. 1 Sara is e . 2 Tom is h . 3 Mr Li is a . 4 Ben is s . 5 Chris is w . 6 Kitty is u . B Do the puzzle. C Translate the sentences into English. Across 1 Someone who makes paintings 1 我不明白你的意思。 2 Not carefully 3 A wish that something had not happened 2 我希望可以读得更快。 Down 4 Not speaking 3 在聚会上，我没注意到他。 5 Think about 4 她把书包随手扔在了床上。 4 5 5 你为什么不尝试一下呢？ 1 s 6 他在考虑接下来应该怎么做。 7 他问我最大的遗憾是什么。 2 8 这辆公共汽车在火车站和医院之 间往返行驶。 3 128Lesson 6 Unit 2 Books Reading Read the article. Then answer the questions below. Mark Twain: a man of many words Mark Twain is perhaps best known as the writer of classic American novels such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However, during his life he also wrote many essays, and for this reason he is often quoted by English-language writers even today. Here are some of Mark Twain’s most famous quotations (引语): “If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything.” “If you don’t read the newspaper, you’re uninformed (无知的); if you do read the newspaper, you’re misinformed (被误导的).” “Every generalization (一概而论) is false, including this one.” “I was sorry to have my name mentioned as one of the great authors, because they have a habit of dying off. Chaucer is dead, Spencer is dead, so is Milton, so is Shakespeare, and I’m not feeling so well myself.” Mark Twain was undoubtedly a man of many words. To put one of his quotations in different words, he would have written less, but he didn’t have the time. 1 What two classic American novels did Mark Twain write? __________________________________________________________________________ 2 Why is Twain still quoted by writers today? __________________________________________________________________________ 3 In the fi rst quotation, why does Twain say that you don’t have to remember anything if you tell the truth? __________________________________________________________________________ 4 In the second quotation, does Twain have a good or bad view of newspapers? Why? __________________________________________________________________________ 5 In the third quotation, what does “including this one” do to the meaning of the quotation? __________________________________________________________________________ 6 In the fourth quotation, who are Chaucer, Spencer, Milton and Shakespeare? __________________________________________________________________________ 129Unit 3 Creativity Lesson 7 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Do the puzzle. C Translate the sentences into Across English. 1 A weapon for shooting 1 他被认为是这个公司最有创意的人 2 Someone who produces art 之一。 3 A structure for crossing over a river, etc. 4 Someone who designs machines, etc. 2 他的想法领先于他的时代。 Down 5 Someone who plays a musical 3 她在2011年创作了这幅画。 instrument 6 The fi rst person to invent or do 4 我最喜欢的摄影师非常有名。 something 5 比尔是计算机领域的先驱。 5 6 6 我喜欢创作活动，如绘画和写作。 1 2 7 他让我对这个计划保密。 3 8 他的计划没有像他期望的那样成功。 4 B Complete the sentences. Circle the correct conjunctions. 1 Janet is so creative - she’s good at drawing since / because / and she takes great photos too. 2 Matthew likes building things bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ooofff /// aaasss /// aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss hhee’’ss ggoooodd wwiitthh hhiiss hhaannddss.. 3 Leonardo da Vinci was a scientist as / as well as / since an artist. 4 SSSiiinnnccceee /// AAAnnnddd /// BBBeeecccaaauuussseee ooofff hhee wwaanntteedd ttoo kkeeeepp hhiiss iiddeeaass sseeccrreett,, ddaa VViinnccii wwrroottee hhiiss diary in code. 5 BBBeeecccaaauuussseee /// AAAsss /// BBBeeecccaaauuussseee ooofff pprroodduuccttss lliikkee DDrreeaammwweeaavveerr aanndd FFrroonnttPPaaggee,, yyoouu ddoonn’’tt need to understand HTML to design a website. 6 I always say that my sister’s favourite painting is her mirror, because / as well as / bbbeeecccaaauuussseee ooofff sshhee ssppeennddss ssoo mmuucchh ttiimmee llooookkiinngg aatt iitt!! 130Lesson 7 Unit 3 Creativity D Complete the article. Write aaa---fff.. Reading a considered b produced Read the texts and answer the questions. c discovery d well-known 1 e hundreds fff iinnvveennttoorr Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. A professor at the MIT in the USA, Berners-Lee is The Mona Lisa is a painting by famous for inventing the World Wide the artist and 1 ___ Leonardo da Web. He is one of the 24 members of Vinci. Da Vinci created the painting the Order of Merit, a title awarded by between 1503 and 1506. Queen Elizabeth II. The Mona Lisa, a picture of a young woman, is 2 ___ to be the fi nest What did Tim Berners-Lee invent? painting that da Vinci ever 3 ___. It is shown at the Louvre museum in Paris, where 4 ___ of people queue to 2 see it every day. Today’s TV Tip One of the reasons the Mona Lisa Steve Jobs: Billion Dollar Hippy is so famous is that it was stolen in Evan Davies looks at the man who 1911. The 5 ___ of this case made built one of the world’s largest the police believe that the 6 ___ poet companies from a garage in Guillaume Apollinaires stole the California. Interviews with Steve painting. However, the real thief was Wozniak, Tim Berners-Lee and an employee of the Louvre. other leading fi gures in the computer industry help us understand this creative man better. What is the purpose of the programme? Listening What inventions is the girl talking about? Listen and label the pictures (1–3). 3 Then write the name of the inventions. To: Classes 1B, 2A & 3C From: Mr Smith Please note that since Miss Green will be away next Monday, her Art classes that day will be taken by Mr Brown (Periods 1-2), Mrs Black (Periods 4-5) and Mr White (Periods 6-7). What is the note about? 131Unit 3 Creativity Lesson 8 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA CCoommpplleettee tthhee sseenntteenncceess.. UUssee C Translate the sentences into these words: English. disadvantage dangers energy polluted pollution provides 1 ____________ is a serious problem in many of the world’s cities. 2 New technology ____________ us with many benefi ts. 3 One of the ____________ of spending too much time on the Internet is that 1 核能可能导致危险。 you can lose touch with other people. 2 今天的英语课上，我们进行了一场 4 There are many new ways of producing 关于科技的辩论。 ____________ - for example, wind and solar power. 3 —你认为核能足够安全吗？ 5 One ____________ of this job is that you —我不这么认为。 have to travel a lot. 4 污染问题对每个人都重要。 6 Jane doesn’t swim in the lake anymore because the water is ____________. 5 从李佳开始吧。 6 绿色科技可以给我们提供安全的能源。 B Match the sentence-halves. Write a-e. 1 Green technologies are good ___ a nuclear power is too dangerous. b but they’re not enough to meet all our 2 I disagree with ___ energy needs. 3 I’m against the idea of ___ c are always benefi cial to society. 4 In my opinion, new inventions ___ d the view that pollution is unavoidable. e supporting companies that pollute the 5 I support the position that ___ environment. 132Lesson 8 Unit 3 Creativity Reading Read the article. Then answer the questions below. Are computer games really that bad? We all know the arguments against letting our kids play computer games - they’re a waste of time; kids can't stop playing them; kids are less social; and they can lead to health problems related to, for example, the back and hands. But are computer games really as bad as people think? Not if you believe the experts. According to them, playing computer games can actually be benefi cial to children. Among the benefi ts of playing computer games are an increase in self-confi dence and creativity, an improvement in multitasking and motor skills, better concentration and decision-making, and a way to relax. Computer games also introduce kids to computer technology and the online world, and they give their brains real exercise as well. Some games will even give their bodies a workout too. So the next time your children ask you if they can play a computer game, why don’t you just let them? Or, better still, why don’t you play it with them? You never know. You might benefi t from it as well. 1 What is the topic of the article? 2 In the fi rst paragraph, how many arguments against the topic does the writer list? 3 According to the article, what kind of health problems can computer games lead to? 4 According to the article, what do the experts think about computer games? 5 In the second paragraph, what is the fi rst benefi t of playing computer games that the writer mentions? 6 In the fi nal paragraph, who is the writer talking to? 7 What is the writer’s overall attitude towards playing computer games? 133Unit 3 Creativity Lesson 9 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA CCoommpplleettee tthhee sseenntteenncceess.. UUssee C Translate the sentences into these words: English. connected cover fi ngers 1 手腕套是没有独立手指部分的 fi t bear wet 手套。 1 Wristies are designed to stop your hands getting ___________. 2 天气很冷，妈妈穿上了她的厚大衣。 2 Wristies are good for people who use 3 他天生是个厨师。 their ___________ when they work. 4 天气太热了，他无法忍受。 3 If it’s cold, you should always ___________ your head. 5 她的眼里含着泪水。 4 I can’t ___________ to swim in cold water. 6 我和我哥哥毫无共同之处。 5 Jack ___________ the speakers to his computer. 7 因为一次意外，她产生了一个新的 6 I like that coat but it doesn’t 想法。 ___________ me. B Match the sentence-halves. Write a-h. a as creativity is very 1 Children are good inventors ___ important. b because they’re 2 Creativity is very important, ___ naturally creative. 3 Kids should be encouraged to use their c I want to be more ___ imagination creative. d I’ve become more 4 The cause of Apple’s success was ___ creative. e it’s important to wear a 5 The effect of wearing Wristies was that ___ hat when it’s cold. fff mmyy hhaannddss ssttaayyeedd nniiccee 6 The reason I go to exhibitions is that ___ and dry. 7 The result of going to Art classes is that ___ g Steve Jobs’ creativity. h so we should all try to 8 Since a lot of body heat can be lost ___ learn from creative through the head, people. 134Lesson 9 Unit 3 Creativity D Complete the article. Write a-h. Reading a business b concentrates Put the sentences into the correct place c connected d creative in the article. Write A-E. e invented fff kkiiddss g runs h refers A However, Nissen fi rst had the idea of stretching canvas (帆布) over a steel frame (支架) six years earlier, when Hats off to Snap Caps Founder he was only 16. At 16, Maddie Bradshaw is already B In 2000, trampolining became an a millionaire thanks to M3 Girl Olympic sport. Designs, the company she 1 ___ with her mother and younger sister. C Nissen and Griswold originally called The company is the maker of Snap their invention the "bouncing rig" (弹跳架). Caps, which 2 ___ to a collection of necklaces made from bottle caps D Nissen and Griswold decided to use this wwoorrdd aass tthhee nnaammee ooff tthheeiirr iinnvveennttiioonn aanndd,, linked to a string. in 1941, set up a company producing Bradshaw 3 ___ Smart Caps after trampolines. decorating her locker with painted bottle caps at the age of ten. Her E Some examples of inventions that have friends loved the bottle caps, so she entered the English language in this way made some more, 4 ___ each one to are pot noodles, post-it notes and popsicles. a piece of string, and sold them. And the rest is history. Jumping for joy! Now Bradshaw 5 ___ on coming up with 6 ___ new designs for Smart One of the greatest achievements for Caps. She has also written a book any inventor is when their invention is for other 7 ___ who want to set up so popular that its name becomes the their own 8 ___. general word for that product. 1 ___ Another is the trampoline (蹦床). Listening The first modern trampoline was built by George Nissen and Larry Griswold in Listen to the dialogue and read the statements. Write T (True) or F (False). 1936. 2 ___ Nissen and Griswold were gymnasts at the University of Iowa, and 1 CCClllaaarrreee iiisss rrreeeaaadddiiinnnggg aaabbbooouuuttt ccccrrrreeeeaaaattttiiiivvvviiiittttyyyy bbbbeeeeccccaaaauuuusssseeee sssshhhheeee they thought that their invention would wwaannttss ttoo bbee aann aarrttiisstt.. ___ be useful in training. 2 CCCrrreeeaaatttiiivvviiitttyyy iiisss iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt fffooorrr 3 ___ However, Nissen changed the eeeevvvveeeerrrryyyyoooonnnneeee aaaassss iiiitttt’’’’ssss aaaabbbboooouuuutttt name to "trampoline" after hearing fifi nnddiinngg nneeww wwaayyss ttoo ssoollvvee problems. ___ the Spanish word trampolin, meaning 3 Clare uses mind maps "diving board", while on a show of their because she has more product in Mexico. 4 ___ ideas now. ___ 5 ___ And at the age of 94, Nissen was able 4 TTThhheee eeeffffffeeecccttt ooofff uuusssiiinnnggg ttthhheee """sssiiixxx hhhaaatttsss""" to travel to Beijing to watch the trampoline tttteeeecccchhhhnnnniiiiqqqquuuueeee iiiissss tttthhhhaaaatttt yyyyoooouuuu sssseeeeeeee aaaa pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmm ffrroomm ddiiffffeerreenntt ppooiinnttss ooff vviieeww.. ___ event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. 135Unit 4 Space Lesson 10 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. air breaks connect 1 明天我可以骑自行车去上学，而不 drop tie weak 用走着去了。 1 In space things don’t fall to the fl oor 2 他把衣服挂在了绳子上。 when you ____________ them. 2 Water ____________ into small drops 3 没有人想在太空中受伤。 in space. 3 When you’re in space, if you don’t 4 航天员用闹钟来唤醒他们。 _______ things down, they fl oat away. 5 在太空中，简单的动作可能会变得 4 Astronauts do a lot of exercise in space so that they don't become _______. 困难。 5 Humans can't breathe the ________ 6 在太空也不完全都是艰苦的工作。 in space. 6 At the International Space Station, 7 太阳从东边升起，西边落下。 astronauts can ______ to the Internet. B Rewrite the sentences using so … that or so that. Katy’s alarm wakes up everyone in the fl at because it’s so loud. Katy’s alarm is so loud that it wakes up everyone in the fl at. 1 Astronauts receive a lot of training to be able to deal with life in space. 2 In space even heavy things can fl oat away because everything is so light. 3 Astronauts have special plates to help them eat in space. 4 The container is light so it fl oats on water. 5 Daniel turned on his computer because he wanted to connect to the Internet. 136Lesson 10 Unit 4 Space D Complete the article. Write a-i. Reading a a little b as well c astronauts Put the sentences into the correct place ddd wwookkee eee eexxppeerriimmeennttss f fl oats in the text. Write A-E. g gravity h muscles A SSiinnccee tthheenn iitt hhaass bbeeeenn ffuullllyy uusseedd wwiitthhoouutt a break. 15th January, 2012 B The astronauts spend their time on the Another busy day at the space station doing experiments and International Space Station! My alarm 1 ___ me up at 6 am. I had ttteeessstttiiinnnggg ssspppaaaccceeecccrrraaaffftt.. breakfast with the other two C The International Space Station (ISS) is 2 ___ and then exercised for an a space station that is circling Earth at a hour (you have to work so hard to height of 330–410 kilometres. keep your 3 ___ strong in space!). D The programme is paid for until 2020. At 7:30 we had a short meeting to plan the day. This morning I E The US section is shared by the other had to do some 4 ___, and in the three agencies in the programme. afternoon I had to put all our food into special containers. The International Space Station At 8 pm we all had dinner 1 ___ The space station goes around together. Eating in zero 5 ___ Earth 15 times every day. still seems really strange, as if The ISS programme is a project you‛re not careful, your food just among fi ve space agencies: the USA’s 6 ___ away! National Aeronautics and Space After dinner we had 777 ______ ttiimmee Administration, the Russian Federal to relax. But we were all in bed by Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace 9:30, as tomorrow is going to be a Exploration Agency, the European busy day 8 ___! Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. 2 ___ However, the Listening space station may be in operation until as late as 2028. What do the astronauts need to do? The ISS is the ninth space station that Listen and number the tasks (1–5). is suitable for humans. It is divided They need to … into two parts: the Russian section a ___ do some exercise. and the US section. 3 ___ b ___ do some experiments. The fi rst part of the ISS was launched in 1998. 4 ___ During this time the c ___ fi x the alarms. space station has been visited by d ___ tie down some tools. astronauts from 15 different countries. e ___ write a report. 5 ___ 137Unit 4 Space Lesson 11 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Do the puzzle. 5 Across 1 1 Things that you do successfully 6 7 2 Send a spacecraft into space 2 3 A machine in space for communications 4 The area outside Earth 3 Down 5 New machines from modern 4 knowledge 6 Actions trying to do something diffi cult 7 Moved forward C Translate the sentences into English. B Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 简单地说，中国的太空研究正在飞 nearly briefl y followed 速发展。 pleasure achievement spacecraft 2 “东方红”是中国一种卫星的名 1 Tell me ______ what happened. 字。 2 An earthquake is sometimes ______ by a huge fi re. 3 神舟飞船包括无人飞船和载人飞 船。 3 Shenzhou 5 was the fi rst Chinese ____________ that was suitable for 4 天宫一号是中国的第一个太空站。 humans. 4 This machine is a great scientifi c _____. 5 东方红一号于1970年被送入太空。 5 She ______ lost one eye in the accident. 6 刘洋是中国第一位进入太空的女航 6 A: Thanks for telling me all about 天员。 China’s space programme. 7 中国的科学家从未放弃。 B: My ____________. 8 感谢您来到我们的节目。 138Lesson 11 Unit 4 Space Reading Read the article. Then answer the questions below. Liu Yang: China’s fi rst woman in space Mao Zedong once said that “Women hold up half the sky.” So it should come as no surprise that China is now including female astronauts in its rapidly developing space programme. China’s first woman in space was Liu Yang, a major (少校) in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force. Liu was one of the three astronauts on board the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft when it was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province on 16 June, 2012. While in space, Liu carried out experiments in space medicine, before landing back in Inner Mongolia 13 days after the launch. Liu was born in 1978 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. She joined the PLA Air Force in 1997. Some 13 years later, she was chosen to work in China’s space programme, and after two years of difficult training she finally travelled into space. Liu said before the launch of Shenzhou 9, “I feel honoured to fly into space on behalf of (代表) hundreds of millions of female Chinese citizens.” Liu now lives in Beijing with her husband. Her hobbies are reading and cooking. 1 What did Mao Zedong mean when he said that "Women hold up half the sky"? _______________________________________________________________ 2 How many astronauts travelled into space with Liu on Shenzhou 9? _______________________________________________________________ 3 When did Liu return to Earth? _______________________________________________________________ 4 When was Liu recruited into China’s space programme? _______________________________________________________________ 5 What are Liu’s hobbies? _______________________________________________________________ 6 What is the purpose of the article? _______________________________________________________________ 139Unit 4 Space Lesson 12 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Match the words with the defi nitions. Write a–h. 1 alive ___ a move safely down onto the ground 2 control ___ b an area of land in the country 3 fi eld ___ c very large round object in space 4 land ___ d make someone or something do what you want 5 planet ___ e talk very loudly 6 shout ___ f remove a piece of clothing 7 take off ___ g still living B Complete the sentences. Use C Translate the sentences into these words: English. planet got ready pick up 1 电视机出了故障。 top unusual knocked down 1 The boy ____________ to begin a 2 宇宙中有成千上万的恒星。 dangerous expedition. 3 没有人知道其他行星上的生物是 2 It’s ____________ for Lisa to be late 什么样子的。 for school. 3 The moon is a satellite, and the Earth 4 我不知道这个作家是否还活着。 is a ____________. 4 Many parents ____________ their 5 他们登上山顶，看到了奇异的景色。 children from school every day. 6 关于外星人的电影会令她感到不舒 服。 5 There’s a wonderful view from the ____________ of the mountain. 7 山上空气清新。 6 The boxer was ____________ three times in the match. 140Lesson 12 Unit 4 Space D Complete the article. Use these words: Reading across aliens fi elds huge land Read the texts and answer the questions. planets spaceships unknown unusual 1 The mystery of crop (庄稼) circles Alan the Alien is a heart-warming story by the best-selling children’s In the 1970s something author Ella Wood. Alan, an alien boy 1 __________ happened in the who comes to Earth to learn about English countryside: crop circles human society, travels the planet and started appearing in the discovers many problems facing the 2 __________. environment. A touching story with a Crop circles are 3 __________ clear green message … shapes created by the fl attening (压 倒) of crops 4 __________ the land. Why did Ella Wood write Alan the Alien? Some people believe that these shapes show that 5 __________ exist. The circles, they claim, are 2 made when 6 ______ from other Man fi ned for crop circles 7 __________ come down to A 29-year-old man charged with 8 __________ on Earth. criminal damage as a result of making The cause of the crop circles in a crop circle was fined £100 by a EEEnnnggglllaaannnddd rrreeemmmaaaiiinnneeeddd 99 __________ court in England yesterday. Matthew until 1991, when Doug Bower Williams, of Bishop Canning in southwest England, was also ordered and Dave Chorley claimed to pay £40. responsibility for them. Crop circles are now considered works of art, How much money did Matthew and are even used in advertising. Williams have to pay? Listening Listen and choose the best answer. 3 1 What kind of fi lm are they talking about? TV Highlights a funny fi lms b space fi lms c cartoon fi lms The X-Files: I Want to Believe In this 2008 film, the second to be based 2 Who are the two main characters? on the popular science fiction TV series, a Helen and Joe b Daisy and John ex-FBI special agents (特工) Mulder and c Sara and Mark Scully return to investigate the mysterious 3 Which fi lm does the girl like? kidnapping (绑架) of an FBI agent. a the fi lm about another planet What type of programme is The b the fi lm with a monster X-Files: I Want to Believe? c the fi lm about space prison 141Unit 5 Literature Lesson 13 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. A Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 回到家后，她就说个不停。 conversation manager passengers reached silence strangers 2 他对这本书不感兴趣。 1 There was __________ when Mr Li 3 每天晚上她都盼着姐姐的电话。 entered the classroom. 2 There were lots of __________ on 4 他和邻居们相处得很好。 the bus this morning. 5 我决定去纽约上大学。 3 By the time I __________ home, it was already quite late. 6 你想说什么就说什么。 4 Jess never talks to ____________. 7 在郊外旅行，你应该欣赏景色。 5 The _________ of the new restaurant is very friendly. 8 我想你是对的。 6 When Miss Chan was explaining the homework, Chris and Ellen were having a ____________. B Rewrite the sentences using who or which. 1 AAAnnnnnneee ooofff GGGrrreeeeeennn GGGaaabbbllleeesss iiss tthhee nnoovveell tthhaatt mmaaddee LL..MM.. MMoonnttggoommeerryy ffaammoouuss.. ___________________________________________________________________ 2 Anne Shirley is the orphan that Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert adopt. ___________________________________________________________________ 3 Green Gables is the farmhouse that Matthew and Marilla live in. ___________________________________________________________________ 4 Diana Barry is the girl that becomes Anne’s best friend. ___________________________________________________________________ 5 Miss Muriel Stacey is the teacher that encourages Anne to develop her character. ___________________________________________________________________ 6 Anne of Avonlea is the book that L.M. Montgomery wrote after Anne of Green Gables. ___________________________________________________________________ 142Lesson 13 Unit 5 Literature D Complete the blog. Use these Reading words: Read the passage. Match the paragraphs as soon as braids carriage characters with the paragraph headings. especially journey lovely novel thick a Writing career b Early life c Later years d Adult life Sue’s e L.M. Montgomery today BLOG Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery was a Canadian author best known for the Anne of Green GGGaaabbbllleeesss sseerriieess ooff nnoovveellss.. 1 ___ Montgomery was born in 1874 on Prince Edward Island. Her mother died when she I’ve just got back from Prince was 21 months old, and at the age of seven Edward Island in Canada, where she went to live with her grandparents. Lucy Maud Montgomery, the author 2 ___ of Anne of Green Gables, grew up. After studying literature at Dalhousie It was a long 1 __________, but I University, Montgomery worked as a had a 2 __________ time. teacher and began writing stories. In 1911, Prince Edward Island is great, she married Edwin Simpson, a Presbyterian 3 _____________ the Green Gables Minister. The couple moved to Leaskdale in Ontario, where they had two sons. farmhouse. We also visited Balsam Hollow (a forest) and Campbell 3 ___ Pond (a lake), both of which are In 1935, when Simpson retired, described in the 4 __________. Montgomery moved to Swansea, Ontario. The next day we went to the She stayed there until her death in 1942. Avonlea Theme Park, where you 4 ___ can dress up as one of the During her lifetime Montgomery 5 ________ in the book. Of course, published 20 novels, over 500 short I dressed up as Anne, with an old stories, an autobiography and a book of brown hat and 6 __________ red poetry. However, her fame is based on the 7________. Then I had my photo novel Anne of Green Gables, which was taken in a 8 _________! published in 1908 and was followed by eight series of novels. If you ever get the chance, go to Prince Edward 5 ___ Island. I might even Montgomery’s works are now studied see you there - I’m at the L.M. Montgomery Institute at the planning to go back University of Prince Edward Island. Prince Edward Island has also become a popular 9 __________ I can! tourist destination for fans of Anne of Green GGGaaabbbllleeesss ffrroomm aallll oovveerr tthhee wwoorrlldd.. 143Unit 5 Literature Lesson 14 6 Vocabulary & Language Focus 7 AAA Do the puzzle. 1 f Across 8 2 1 Smooth and level 2 A man who rules a country 3 dddddddd rrrrrrrr uuuuuuuu mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm eeeeeeee rrrrrrrr ssssssss 3 People who play the drums 9 10 4 A long pointed tooth 4 ssssss 5 A long tube for putting water on fi res Down 5 e 6 People who give orders in the army 7 Someone whose job is to protect a person or place C Translate the sentences into 8 The nose of an elephant English. 9 Having no holes or spaces inside 10 A long, thick length of string B Complete the sentences. Use these words: at all obviously fi lled with 1 从前，有一位非常聪明的国王。 lift round trusted 2 大地被厚厚的积雪覆盖着。 1 Alex can _________ very heavy weights. 3 显然，她今天非常累。 2 Yvonne isn’t enjoying herself _________. 4 他总是跟他的同学争吵。 3 The bucket was ____________ sand. 5 别信他的话。他总是说谎。 4 There are lots of ____________ tables in the new restaurant. 6 她摸了摸手包。 5 Some people just can’t be __________. 7 在节目中， 他没有唱歌，而是跳 6 He was ____________ drunk. 了舞。 8 没有人听那个官员的命令。 144Lesson 14 Unit 5 Literature Reading B Solve the riddles. AAA Put the sentences into the correct 1 place in the article. Write a–e. I have two hands and a face, a Belbin says that one person can perform more than one role in a team. but I have no arms or legs. b But why is this the case? What am I? c Every team, he claims, should have people performing nine different roles. Answer: A c ________ d However, he believes that they will probably succeed if they do. e However, they will probably need to have at least three or four. 2 The secret life of teams I cannot be seen. Every sports fan knows that the best I weigh nothing. team doesn’t always win. 1 ___ When you put me in a In his classic management book container, I make it lighter. Management Teams, Dr Meredith Belbin puts forward an answer. 2 ___ These What am I? are the roles of Plant (solving difficult problems), Resource Investigator Answer: A h ________ (communicating outside the team), Coordinator (ensuring that everyone can play their part), Shaper (pushing for agreement and decisions), Monitor- 3 Evaluator (judging different views), Team Worker (keeping good relationships), I am a room but I have Implementer (creating systems to achieve goals), Completer / Finisher (ensuring No doors or windows. quality and timeliness) and Specialist If you eat me, (bringing special knowledge). I taste delicious. 3 ___ Not all teams, therefore, need to What am I? have nine members. 4 ___ Belbin says, however, that some teams Answer: A m ________ can work well without performing all nine team roles. 5 ___ 145Unit 5 Literature Lesson 15 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Match the words with the defi nitions. Write a–h. 1 alone ___ a a set of books that tell stories about the same characters 2 direct ___ b a solution to a problem 3 government ___ c happening without involving other people or things in between 4 graduation ___ d an offi cial rule for measurement 5 related to ___ e by oneself 6 resolution ___ fff ccoonnnneecctteedd wwiitthh 7 series ___ g the group of people who control a country 8 standard ___ h the time when you receive a university degree B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. 1 她是一位很成功的作家。 standards came to has no idea separate comes from went on 2 家庭对他来说很重要。 1 The idea for HHHaaarrrrrryyy PPPoootttttteeerrr ______________________ J.K. Rowling in 1990. 3 这是她生活中的一段黑暗时期。 2 He ____________ how to manage a 4 她认为，她的成功源自早期的失败。 company. 3 The machine is slow and heavy by 5 她独自抚养了四个孩子。 modern ____________. 4 This passage ____________ his new book. 6 他把所有精力都放在生意上了。 5 Rowling ____________ to become 7 这项工程去年九月份竣工了。 one of the most successful writers ever. 6 The guards are trying to ____________ the two men who are fi ghting. 146Lesson 15 Unit 5 Literature D Complete the blog. Write a–i. Reading Read the passage and put the events a energy b graduates c job d marriage e novel fff ppeerriioodd in time order. Write 111–––777.. g raising h set free i speech Harry Potter is a series of seven novels by the British author J.K. Rowling. The Ken’s books tell the adventures of a young BLOG wizard (巫师), Harry Potter. The main I’ve just read a really interesting story describes Harry's fight against article about J.K. Rowling. It talked the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who about a 1 ___ she gave to some he fi nally kills at the end of the series. 2 ___ in the US in 2008. In the first book of the series, Harry In the speech Rowling talked about becomes a student at Hogwarts School a difficult 3 ___ in her life, when of Witchcraft (巫术) and Wizardry she was writing the first Harry (魔法). There he learns that when Potter4 ___. At the time she was he was a baby, he saw Voldemort kill 5 ___ her daughter alone, as her his parents. He also makes friends 6 ___ had just ended. She also had with Ronald Weasley and Hermione no 7 ___. Granger. Interestingly Rowling said that this Later, in the final book of the series, difficult situation worked to her Voldemort rises to power, and Harry advantage, as she was able to put and his friends fi ght his followers at the all her 8 ___ into writing. In her Battle of Hogwarts. By this time Harry words, she was "9 ___". is a very close friend of Ginnie Weasley, I find this story really inspiring, Ronald’s younger sister, whose life Harry don’t you? saved in the second book in the series. Events in Harry Potter’s life Listening He makes friends with Ronald Listen and put the events in time order. Weasley and Hermione Granger. Write 1-4 . He starts dating Ginnie Weasley. Harry and his friends see their He becomes a student at Hogwarts children off at the railway station. School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He kills Voldemort. Harry and his friends sit on the back of a dragon. He saves Ginnie Weasley’s life. He sees Lord Voldemort kill his parents. Lord Voldemort dies. He and his friends fight Voldemort’s Harry goes to die. followers at the Battle of Hogwarts. 147Unit 6 Role Models Lesson 16 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. AAA Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 姚明2002年进入NBA。 clever proud humorous 2 他刻苦的精神帮助他克服了困难。 kind patient 3 他在休斯顿火箭队取得了巨大成功。 1 Mrs Hu always tries to help us with our studies, because she’s ______. 4 他再次打破了跳高的世界纪录。 2 Terry is so _________ — he always 5 他很有幽默感。 does well in tests. 3 Be ________ — he’ll be here soon. 6 他做了很多慈善工作。 4 Becky was very __________ of her 7 在中国他依然吸引着很多人。 achievements. 5 When my grandpa made jokes, he 8 他温和的性格帮助他赢得了队友 showed how ___________ he was. 们的尊重。 B Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Diana wants to buy ((wwaanntt // bbuuyy)) aa bbiiccyyccllee.. 2 Tony is __________________ (learn / play) the guitar. 3 Helen has __________________ (promise / come) to the cinema with me. 4 Joe __________________ (need / study) harder. 5 Rachel will __________________ (help / organise) the charity fair. 6 Jeff is __________________ (try / lose) weight. 7 Mandy has __________________ (decide / go) to Beijing next month. 8 Sam __________________ (agree / come) to my house yesterday. 9 Mark is __________________ (plan / travel) to the United States next year. 148Lesson 16 Unit 6 Role Models D Complete the blog. Write a–h. Reading Read the passage. Match the paragraphs a player b character c role model d retired e cultural fff hhuummoorroouuss with the paragraph headings. Write a–e. g respect a Achievements b Famous players c History d Ownership Kate’s BLOG e Team information My 1 ___ is the basketball player Houston Rockets Yao Ming. I like him not only The Houston Rockets are an American because he was a brilliant 2 but bbbbbbbaaaaaaassssssskkkkkkkeeeeeeetttttttbbbbbbbaaaaaaallllllllllllll ttttttteeeeeeeaaaaaaammmmmmm....... TTTTTTThhhhhhheeeeeeeyyyyyyy ppppppplllllllaaaaaaayyyyyyy iiiiiiinnnnnnn ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeee SSSSSSSooooooouuuuuuuttttttthhhhhhhwwwwwwweeeeeeesssssssttttttt also because he’s a person of great Division ((西西南南分分区区)) of the Western 3 ___. Conference (西部) in the National For example, when he first went Basketball Association (NBA). to the United States, Yao had to 1 ___ overcome language and 4 ___ problems, but he still played The Rockets were founded in 1967 in San well for his team, the Houston DDDDDDDiiiiiiieeeeeeegggggggooooooo,,,,,,, aaaaaaannnnnnnddddddd mmmmmmmaaaaaaadddddddeeeeeee ttttttthhhhhhheeeeeeeiiiiiiirrrrrrr fififififififi rrrrrrrsssssssttttttt aaaaaaappppppppppppppeeeeeeeaaaaaaarrrrrrraaaaaaannnnnnnccccccceeeeeee iiiiiiinnnnnnn Rockets. He also dealt with the NBA playoffs ((季季后后赛赛)) in 1969. In unfriendly comments by Shaquille 1971 the franchise (职业运动队) moved O’Neill, a famous basketball player, to Houston, and in 2008 the Rockets went in a clever and 5 ___ way. on the second-longest winning streak (连 Yao 6 ___ in 2011, but he’s still 胜) in NBA history. treated with great 7 ___ by people 2 ___ all over China, and all over the world too. The Rockets have won four division titles Who’s your role model? Let me know! (1977, 1986, 1993 and 1994), four conference titles (1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995) and two championships (1994 and 1995). Listening 3 ___ Listen to the conversation. Write the The Rockets are owned by Leslie correct answer aaa,,, bbb oorr c. Alexander, who in 2011 was one of the 400 richest people in the US. Alexander bought 1 Tonight Rick wants to ___. the franchise for $85 million in 1993. a go to the cinema 4 ___ b watch TV c play basketball The Rockets play their home games at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. The 2 Rick likes the Lakers because ___. team colours are red, white and black. a Jeremy Lin plays for them 5 ___ b Kobe Bryant plays for them c they’re better than the New York Knicks The Rockets’ highest ever points scorer was Hakeem Olajuwon, who played for 3 Alice likes Jeremy Lin because she thinks ___. the team from 1984 to 2001. Yao Ming, the a he’s cute Chinese star who played for the Rockets b he has a nice personality from 2002 to 2011, is the highest-scoring c he never gives up player in recent years. 149Unit 6 Role Models Lesson 17 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Do the puzzle. 5 1 a n x i o u s Across t 1 Worried h 2 TTThhhiiinnnkkk yyyooouuu aaarrreee bbbeeetttttteeerrr ttthhhaaannn ssoommeeoonnee eellssee 2 l 3 Very unhappy e 6 7 8 9 4 Care about something very t a u special 3 m i s e r a b l e t n Down c t i 5 Strong and sporty i q 6 First t u 7 No longer working 4 u e 8 Way of thinking d 9 The only one of its kind e B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. anyone as long as excellent 1 我爷爷九十多岁了。 treasure example prefers to 2 汤姆上周数学考试没及格。 1 Daniel is an ________ athlete. 3 不要瞧不起别人。 2 Julie never complains about ________. 3 Kevin likes basketball, but he ________ 4 他是一位天才网球手。 play football. 5 我奶奶教小孩子弹钢琴。 4 I ________________________ tthhee ooppppoorrttuunniittyy ooff vviissiittiinngg my grandparents. 6 她给所有教师树立了一个好榜样。 5 Richard can go wherever he likes at the weekend, ________________________ hhee tteellllss hhiiss ppaarreennttss.. 7 他总是按计划做事。 6 My sister sets a good ________ for me. 150Lesson 17 Unit 6 Role Models Reading Read the article. Then answer the questions below. When Li Na won the French Open in June 2011, it looked as if it might be the first of many international titles for China’s top female tennis player. But the rest of the year was less than perfect for Li, who was knocked out in the second round of Wimbledon before losing in the fi rst round of the American Open. Commenting on this period, Li said that she had “a total loss of confidence”. However, she fought back in 2012, reaching the fourth round of both the Australian Open and the French Open, and rising back to Number 11 in the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) rankings (排名). Li still needs to improve if she is to return to the heights of 2011, when she reached number four in the WTA rankings. However, even if she fails to do this, she will remain the fi rst Chinese tennis player to appear in a Grand Slam singles fi nal (决赛) (the Australian Open in 2011), the fi rst Chinese tennis player to win a Grand Slam singles title (the French Open in 2011), and the fi rst Chinese tennis player to reach the top 10 of the WTA rankings (number four in 2011). Li has lived a successful life off the court as well. Married to fellow tennis player Jiang Shan, Li was awarded a degree in journalism (新闻学) from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2009. Li’s hard work on and off the court has won her praise from the Chinese media, and has made her a role model for Chinese young people, whether they play tennis or not. 1 When did Li Na win the French Open? ___________________________________________________________________ 2 In paragraph 2, what does "WTA" stand for? ___________________________________________________________________ 3 According to paragraph 3, what does the writer think about Li’s tennis career ? ___________________________________________________________________ 4 Why does the writer think that Li has also been successful off the court ? ___________________________________________________________________ 5 What does the writer appreciate most about Li ? ___________________________________________________________________ 6 What is the main idea of the article ? ___________________________________________________________________ 151Unit 6 Role Models Lesson 18 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA What kind of person do the adjectives describe? Write a–h. 1 blunt ___ a someone who achieves his or her goals 2 calm ___ b someone who doesn’t like waiting 3 creative ___ c someone who is hard to get along with 4 diffi cult ___ d someone who is intelligent 5 famous ___ eee ssoommeeoonnee wwhhoo iiss kknnoowwnn bbyy mmaannyy ppeeooppllee iinn mmaannyy places 6 impatient ___ fff ssoommeeoonnee wwhhoo iiss rreellaaxxeedd aanndd qquuiieett 7 smart ___ g someone who speaks in an honest but rather rude way 8 successful ___ h someone who uses their imagination to make things B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. a number of afford education 1 那所学校很适合我。 given up making money put up with fi red 2 他于2006年成立该公司。 1 Steve Jobs was ________________________ bbyy hhiiss mmootthheerr soon after his birth. 3 我们现在买不起大房子。 2 Jobs’s parents couldn’t ________ to give him a university ________. 4 他们的产品设计总是很出色。 3 Jobs couldn’t ________________________ aannyytthhiinngg that wasn’t perfect. 5 她曾面对许多困难，但她从不放弃。 4 When Jobs returned to Apple, the company wasn’t ________. 6 该公司出品了一些很好的电影。 5 He was ________ because he was not honest. 7 我们的产品销量惊人。 6 Apple have created ________ wonderful products. 152Lesson 18 Unit 6 Role Models D Complete the review. Write a–i. Reading Read the comments about the review a wonderful b diffi cult c digital d everyday e fi red fff lleeaaddeerr of Steve Jobs: Billion Dollar Hippy. g return h valuable Then answer the questions. 1 No news on the billion dollar appman hippy (嬉皮士) 23rd July 2012 – 09:36 SSSttteeevvveee JJJooobbbsss::: BBBiiilllllliiiooonnn DDDooollllllaaarrr HHHiiippppppyyy iiss aa I think this review is rather unfair. profi le of Steve Jobs, the man who made In my opinion the documentary 1 ____ products part of our 2 ____ lives. was very informative. I’d defi nitely recommend it to anyone who’s Famously 3 ____ from his own interested in Steve Jobs or Apple. company in 1985, Jobs was undoubtedly a 4 ____ man. Nevertheless, his record What does the writer think of the review? as a business 5 ____ is second to none. __________________________________ In addition to making Apple one of the most 6 ____ companies in the world after 2 his 7 ____ in 1995, Jobs also helped to develop Pixar, the company that changed ifan33 23rd July 2012 – 09:53 the face of animation. In this documentary (纪录片), Evan I agree. I think the documentary’s excellent. In fact I wouldn’t be Davis talks to a 8 ____ range of people surprised if it won an award. This is just who knew Jobs well. However, there the type of programme that the BBC really isn’t anything new here for true does so well. Well done, Evan Davis! Apple fans. What does the writer think of the documentary? Listening __________________________________ What do the children think about Steve 3 Jobs? Write aaa–––fff.. no2apps 1 Belinda ___ a clever 23rd July 2012 – 10:28 2 Chris ___ b creative Hey, who likes Steve Jobs anyway? If the business world was the school 3 Fiona ___ c impatient ppplllaaayyygggrrrooouuunnnddd,,, JJJooobbbsss wwwooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn the school bully (恶恶霸霸). And that’s 4 Henry ___ d serious all there is to say really. 5 Lisa ___ e strong What does the writer think of Steve Jobs? 6 Tom ___ fff wwiissee __________________________________ 153Unit 7 Journeys Lesson 19 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. AAA Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 我对丝绸之路的历史很感兴趣。 ancient, arrived in, silk, went on, played an important role, goes through 2 丝绸之路对于中国的发展起到了重 要的作用。 1 In ancient times from China was popular throughout Asia 3 西安是中国古都之一。 and Europe. 2 Chinese traders an 4 这座城市坐落在沙漠边缘。 in the development of the Silk Road. 5 在这个城市里，你可以看到许多艺 3 We started our journey in the 术作品。 capital of Xi'an. 4 From there we to Wuwei. 6 沿着丝绸之路，有许多不同的货物 交易进行。 5 Next we the city of Yumenguan. 7 这座桥把这两个城市连在了一起。 6 The railway the desert and reaches the sea. B Complete the sentences with the correct articles. If no article is needed, put an X. 1 Tim is _____ member of our school basketball team. 2 Debbie is _____ excellent volleyball player. 3 Julie is _____ best player in our school football team. 4 Matt won _____ fi rst race this morning. 5 He just beat _____ Jeff. 6 Mary saw _____ exciting show yesterday. 7 Karen was _____ only person who wasn’t ill last week. 8 Gary is going to travel to _____ Hong Kong next month. 9 Emma wants to visit _____ Great Wall one day. 154Lesson 19 Unit 7 Journeys D Complete the blog with the Reading correct articles. If no article Read the texts and answer the questions. is needed, put an X. 1 Sue’s BLOG Itinerary for HK Sightseeing Tour Sat am Po Lin Monastery I’ve just come back from 1 ___ long weekend in 2 ___ Xi’an with my pm Hong Kong Disneyland family. We had 3 ___ really great Sun am The Peak time there! pm Ocean Park On 4 ___ first day, we went on Where will the tour go on Sunday morning? 5 ___ tour of 6 old city wall. Then we climbed up 7 ___ Giant __________________________________ White Goose Pagoda. It was 8 ___ 2 hard climb, but 9 ___ views were TV Highlights (精彩剧情) fantastic! Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations On 10 ___ second day, we went to In this episode of the award-winning see 11 ___ Terracotta Army at 12 ___ Mausoleum (陵墓) of Qin food and travel show, chef Anthony Bourdain returns to Cambodia (柬 Shi Huang. It was amazing! In fact, 埔寨) to discover how much has it’s one of 13 ___ most amazing things I’ve ever seen! changed after ten years, not only in I hope one day you can all go to the country but also within himself. 14 ___ Xi’an too. It’s such 15 ___ Which country is the TV show about? interesting place to visit! __________________________________ 3 Listening To: Class 3C From: Mr Zhou Which place is the speaker talking Trip to the Forbidden Palace about? Listen and label the pictures For our trip to the Forbidden Palace (1–3). on Saturday, the bus will leave the school car park at 8 am sharp. We will stay at the Forbidden Palace until 2:45 pm, and return to the school about two hours later. ZYM What time will the students return to the school? ___________________________________ 155Unit 7 Journeys Lesson 20 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Do the puzzle. 6 1 d Across 1 To work with a lot of effort 2 f 7 8 2 Period when someone is alive 99 3 Belief that things will get better 3 h 4 Things that happen to you in the future 5 State of being happy 4 d eeeee sssss ttttt iiiii nnnnn yy Down 6 Problems 7 Option to choose from 8 Higher and lower 5 n 9 Get pleasure from something C Translate the sentences into English. B Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 我今天读了一首诗。 compared failure future 2 这首诗的标题是“人生如旅行”。 metaphor poet success 3 人生有起起伏伏。 1 It’s impossible to predict the _________. 4 旅途中有很多选择。 2 My problems are nothing _________ to my brother's. 5 比较自己与别人的人生是无意义的。 3 They say that _________ is the result of a combination of hard work and opportunity. 4 You should never be afraid of ________. 5 The job of a _________ is to make us see the world with new eyes. 6 A ___________________________ iiss aa ccoommppaarriissoonn tthhaatt’’ss made without using llliiikkkeee oorr as. 156Lesson 20 Unit 7 Journeys Reading Life Is an Adventure By Andrew Mitchell Life is an adventure. Full of highs and lows. AAnndd wwhhaatt’’ss aarroouunndd tthhee ccoorrnneerr No one really knows. Life is an adventure. TThheerree aarree aallwwaayyss uuppss aanndd ddoowwnnss.. SSuucccceessss aanndd ffaaiilluurree ccoommee aanndd ggoo,, LLeeaavviinngg ssmmiilleess aass wweellll aass ffrroowwnnss.. Life is an adventure. WWiitthh mmaannyy cchhooiicceess ttoo mmaakkee.. MMaakkiinngg tthhee wwrroonngg cchhooiiccee nnooww aanndd tthheenn Is a risk we have to take. Life is an adventure. Our destiny’s unknown. AAllll wwee ccaann ddoo iiss ppllaanntt oouurr sseeeeddss.. AAnndd eennjjooyy tthheemm wwhheenn tthheeyy’’vvee ggrroowwnn.. 1 Title: 2 Writer: 3 Number of verses: 4 Number of lines in each verse: 5 Metaphor: 157Unit 7 Journeys Lesson 21 Vocabulary & Language Focus A Label the map. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 North Am _ _ _ _ _ 2 Eu _ _ _ _ 3 As _ _ 4 Af _ _ _ _ 5 Pa _ _ _ _ _ Ocean 6 S _ _ _ _ America 7 At _ _ _ _ _ _ Ocean 8 In _ _ _ _ O _ _ _ _ 9 Au _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. against awful proper made sure 1 我们距离山顶还有两百米。 ocean protect whenever 2 站在南极上的感觉棒极了。 1 Aaron ________________ he revised properly for the test. 3 最难的部分是保护脚。 2 Zoe gets bad-tempered ____________ she’s hungry. 4 与南极的冬季相比，亚洲的冬季根 3 I always need to ____________ myself 本不算什么。 __________ the cold at the South Pole. 4 Dogs make an ____________ noise 5 南极的气温总是在零度以下。 when they howl. 6 尽管有时没有足够的食物，这次的 5 An ____________ is a very large sea. 行程仍然一直令人兴奋。 6 Use ____________ language when you are with ladies. 158Lesson 21 Unit 7 Journeys Reading Read the article. Match the paragraphs with the paragraph headings. Write a–e. a A long, long night b Alone for half a year c Is it really that bad? d Minus what? e What’s in the name? The Toughest Job in the World If you think your job’s tough, spare a thought for the people working at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (ASSPS). 1 ___ The ASSPS is named after Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott, the two explorers in the race to be the fi rst men to reach the South Pole. In case you’ve forgotten, none of the men in Scott’s expedition ever made it back. 2 ___ Survival isn’t really an issue at the ASSPS though. However, getting through the winter certainly is. At the South Pole winter means six months of non-stop darkness. 3 ___ About 50 people spend the winter at the ASSPS. During this time, they’re completely cut off from the outside world, as it’s dangerous to fl y to the station between February and October. 4 ___ The same weather that separates the ASSPS in winter makes life extremely diffi cult for the people working there. Temperatures can be as low as -80°C, and storms are common. 5 ___ So the next time you feel like complaining about your job, think again. After all you could be working at the ASSPS. 159Unit 8 Discoveries Lesson 22 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. AAA Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 抗生素和X射线是重大的发现。 antibiotics awarded metal 2 X射线被用于检查人体内的骨头断裂。 skin suitcase wood 3 他于2002年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 1 X-rays cannot go through bones or . 4 如今使用抗生素，许多疾病可以被 2 Paper is usually made from _______. 治愈。 3 Doctors use _______ to treat many different diseases. 5 DNA是生命的构成部分。 4 Wilhelm Roentgen was __________ 6 X射线可以通过皮肤和木头。 the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. 5 All my old clothes are stored in a _________ at home. 6 Suzie has very dark ____________. B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 If May ___________ (have) time, she ___________ (go) shopping at the weekend. 2 If Ryan ___________ (try) hard, he ___________ (win) the competition. 3 We ___________ (catch) the bus if we ___________ (run) to the bus stop. 4 If Angela and Brian ___________ (work) together, their project ___________ (be) much better. 5 You (be) successful and happy if you _________ (have) a positive attitude. 6 If you ________ (read) more books in English, you ________ (improve) your English language skills. 160Lesson 22 Unit 8 Discoveries D Complete the newsletter. Reading Write a–g. Read the texts and answer the questions. a a great deal b blocks c centuries d characteristics 1 e DNA fff sscciieennttiisstt Electricity is the science connected g structure to electric charges (电荷). It was fi rst studied seriously in 1600 by the Book Club English scientist William Gilbert, who This month at the Book Club we’ll gave it the name electricus. Nowadays be discussing evolution - or in electricity is powering the modern other words, how the 1 ___ of living world. beings change over 2 ___. To help us, we’ll be looking at The Selfish Who fi rst studied electricity seriously? Gene by the British 3 ___ Richard Dawkins. First published in 1976, __________________________________ The Selfish Gene created 4 ___ of debate, and it continues to infl uence 2 biologists (生物学家) today. Science Laboratory In The Selfi sh Gene, Dawkins states Schedule, Friday 31st May that genes are the building 5 ___ 9:30 am Class 3B for the development of life. He 10:15 am Class 1C also argues that the aim of a gene is to increase its importance in the 11:30 am Class 2A overall 6 ___ of a living being, and 12:15 pm Class 3C that this is what leads to changes 2:30 pm Class 1A in 7 oovveerr tthhee yyeeaarrss.. 3:15 pm Class 2B Join us for an Who will be in the Science laboratory at iinntteerreessttiinngg ddiissccuussssiioonn!! 3 pm on 31st May? __________________________________ Listening What will happen? Listen and match the half-sentences. Write a–e. 1 If Paul does his homework, ___ a she’ll get better. 2 If Amy takes the medicine, ___ b she’ll feel healthier. 3 If John studies about DNA, ___ c he’ll get better marks. 4 If Rita does more exercise, ___ d he can relax at the weekend. 5 If Lee focuses in class, ___ e he’ll be able to pass the test. 161Unit 8 Discoveries Lesson 23 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. A Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 主席将会颁奖。 above all without gentleman 2 发明家都是非常有创意的人。 honour laboratories present 1 Scientists have to spend a lot of time 3 我们的实验室拥有最现代化的设备。 in ____________. 2 Oscars will be ____________ next Sunday. 5 许多重要的发现改变了我们的生活。 3 It’s always an ____________ to 6 让我们把掌声送给演讲者。 receive an award. 4 Mr Liu is a real ____________. 5 It’s impossible to live ____________ water. 6 But ____________, he always treats people with respect. B Match the sentence-halves. Write aaa–––fff.. 1 Chairman, ladies and ___ a to share my thanks to all the committee members with you. 2 It’s an honour to ___ b all, I’m grateful for the support they have given me throughout the year. 3 I want to take this time ___ c be here tonight as we celebrate our achievements this year. 4 I have great respect ___ d gentlemen, welcome to this year’s Science Club Award ceremony. 5 And above ___ e applause for our special guest tonight, Dr Wu Minglai. 6 Now let’s give a warm round of ___ fff ffoorr tthheeiirr ttiirreelleessss wwoorrkk.. 162Lesson 23 Unit 8 Discoveries Reading Read the speech. Then answer the questions below. Parents and former students, welcome to this year’s Science Day. It’s an honour to be here today as we show you all the scientifi c experiments that have been done at our school over the past year, from growing potato plants to making robots. I want to share some of our students’ achievements with you. Firstly, Class 3A reached the fi nal of the local Inter-school Science Competition. And then Ken Jackson, from the same class, came third in the National Young Scientist of the Year award. Well done to Ken and the rest of Class 3A! I have great respect for the achievements of not only Ken and Class 3A but also all the young scientists at our school. Their hard work, curiosity and creativity are an example to us all. And above all, they promise us that a bright future lies ahead for each and every one of them, whether or not they decide to become scientists in the future. For those who do decide to become scientists, there can be few better role models than Dr Alex Brown. Dr Brown graduated from our school twenty- five years ago, and for the past ten years he has been working on a space programme. I’m sure you can all imagine, Dr Brown is a very busy man, but he has generously agreed to give us some of his valuable time today. So let’s give a warm round of applause to Dr Brown. 1 What is the purpose of the speech? ___________________________________________________________________ 2 What is the purpose of Science Day? ___________________________________________________________________ 3 What did Ken Jackson achieve this year? ___________________________________________________________________ 4 What three things does the speaker respect in all the young scientists at the school? ___________________________________________________________________ 5 Why is Dr Brown a role model for the students who want to become scientists? ___________________________________________________________________ 163Unit 8 Discoveries Lesson 24 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Do the puzzle. Across 5 1 New growths on a plant 1 p 2 Extremely small 6 3 Tests to fi nd out what happens 2 7 4 The short form for "centimetre" 8 Down 3 i s 5 The ability to wait without getting angry 4 6 A container for a plant 7 Time when something new starts to exist 8 The top layer of the earth B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. failed leaves patient 1 我最喜欢的科目是化学。 plant progress takes 2 我发现物理学相当难。 3 我希望幼芽可以生长得更快。 1 It’s fun to grow a potato ___________. 4 我们需要更耐心一些。 2 It takes several days before there are 5 我想知道你什么时候回来。 any ___________ on a potato plant. 6 他观察到了马铃薯的生长。 3 Scientists need to be very __________. 7 叶片继续生长，变得更大。 4 In some experiments ____________ may be very slow. 8 如果土壤干燥， 5 It ______ lots of effort to succeed. 植物将无法生长。 6 Doctors ______ to save the boy’s life. 164Lesson 24 Unit 8 Discoveries Listening Reading Listen to the description and circle Read the experiment report and the correct answer a or b. answer the questions. 1 Experiment Report on Growing a Frog 1 a b Things prepared: · a plastic container with a lid · river sand · distilled water (蒸馏水) · underwater plants · frog eggs · lettuce What was the purpose of the experiment? __________________________________ 2 Observation: Day One 2 a b Nothing has happened. The frog eggs look exactly the same. Day Eight Some of the eggs are hatching (孵出). It’s so exciting! Day Fifteen AAAllll tthhee eeggggss aarree hhaattcchheedd,, aanndd tthheerree aarree nnooww lots of tiny tadpoles (蝌蚪) iinn tthhee ccoonnttaaiinneerr.. How many weeks did it take for all the frog eggs to hatch? __________________________________ 3 3 a b What I have learned: It takes a long time for frog eggs to develop into adult frogs - about 100 days. However, it is very interesting to observe the process. The experience has made me see just how amazing the natural world is. What has the writer learned about the natural world? ___________________________________ 165Unit 9 Save the Planet Lesson 25 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Do the puzzle. 6 7 1 t Across 1 Very large object that moves around the sun 2 l 2 Get and keep things 8 3 Local society 3 c 4 Make 5 Make smaller 9 Down 4 o 6 State of being dangerously dirty 7 1,016 kilograms 8 Brought into existence 5 d 9 Second-hand B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. causes cut down take turns 1 我们应该改变生活方式来拯救地球。 environment organise save 2 人们组织合伙用车，并与他们的同事 1 Most cars are bad for the __________. 轮流开车上班。 2 The best way to be green is to ________ energy. 3 洗衣机和洗碗机用很多电力。 3 We should all try to __________ the amount of electricity we use. 4 少开车有助于减少空气污染。 4 Using a lot of electricity __________ 5 废弃物太多是城市的常见问题。 air pollution. 5 We __________ to do the housework. 6 我们可以做什么来保护我们的环境呢? 6 They asked me to __________ a trip to 7 城里的一些人已经开始自己种植 Guangxi. 蔬菜。 166Lesson 25 Unit 9 Save the Planet D Complete the text. Use these Reading words: Read the texts and answer the questions. bins environment used waste 1 protect recycle throw treated TV Highlights It’s Not Easy Being Green (BBC Lifestyle, 7:30 pm) How much rubbish do you Dick and James Strawbridge continue 1 away to try to make the UK a greener place. every week? How much In this programme, they help a primary of it could be 2 _______ sssccchhhoooooolll tttooo cccuuuttt ttthhheeeiiirrr wwwaaattteeerrr bbbiiillllllsss,,, pppuuuttt uuuppp aaa wind turbine (风风力力涡涡轮轮机机), and show and used again? how to run his car on cooking oil. Green Action has set up a recycling centre in the middle How many different projects are shown in the TV programme? of the town. Help us to __________________________________ 3 ______________ the 4 ___________ by putting all your 2 5 ___________ glass and paper Beach Clean-ups on 3rd June things in the 6 ________ provided. Data Summary Reduce 7 ______________, Team Beach KG KM 8 ______________ more! Sweepers Big Wave 60 0.9 Green Day Deep Water 101 1 Eco-Girls Sandy Bay 20 0.5 Bin Boys Clear Water 31 0.5 Listening What do the people say in the interviews? Which team collected the most rubbish? __________________________________ Listen and match the problems with the solutions. Write a–e. 3 1 Air a Reuse things This week’s Green Club meeting pollution ___ Contrary to what was said last week, 2 Global b Organise car this week’s Green Club meeting will warming ___ pools be in Room 101 on Thursday at the 3 Too much c Recycle more later time of 4:45 pm. Next week we’ll rubbish ___ be back in Room 203 on Thursday at our usual time of 4:15 pm. 4 Too much d Use low energy waste ___ light bulbs Where are the Green Club meetings usually 5 Wasted e Use less held? energy ___ electricity ___________________________________ 167Unit 9 Save the Planet Lesson 26 Vocabulary & Language Focus C Translate the sentences into English. A Complete the sentences. Use these words: 1 我可以问你一些问题吗? go away as usual other than 2 他抓住了狗，并把它从水里拉出来。 painful recently got hold of 3 当时，他们像往常一样在河边钓鱼。 1 The food is a little expensive, but ______ that it’s a great restaurant. 4 显然，那只狗很饿。 2 The child ______ his mother’s hand. 5 他手臂上有一些斑点，但除此之外 他还好。 3 Too many people seem to hope that pollution will just ____________. 6 地方报纸报道了这件事。 4 There has been a lot of progress in 7 昨晚我们带狗去看兽医。 green technology ____________. 5 She ordered a sandwich and a cup of coffee ___________. 6 Cuts on your feet can be very . B Match the questions with the answers. Write aaa–––fff.. 1 What’s your name? ___ a My mother and father. 2 Where do you live? ___ b We took the train. 3 When did you arrive in Beijing? ___ c In Shanghai. 4 How did you get here? ___ d Sally Kong. 5 Who are you travelling with? ___ e Last Friday. 6 Why did you come to Beijing? ___ fff WWee wwaanntteedd ttoo sseeee tthhee FFoorrbbiiddddeenn PPaallaaccee.. 168Lesson 26 Unit 9 Save the Planet Reading Read the interview. Then answer the questions below. Interviewer: Good afternoon, Professor Smith. Can I ask you some questions about your recent study of pollution in the Diamond River? Professor Smith: Of course. What would you like to know? Interviewer: To start with, can you tell me how many factories you focused on in the study? Professor Smith: We investigated a total of sixty factories. That is only a tiny part of the tens of thousands of factories on the Diamond River, but it’s enough for us to get a very good idea of how serious the problem is. Interviewer: You sent a copy of the study to the local government, didn’t you? Professor Smith: That’s right. They’ve told me they’ll keep it on fi le. Interviewer: What do you mean? Professor Smith: I mean that the local government will keep a copy of the study so that they can refer to it when necessary. Interviewer: So what will happen now? Professor Smith: Well, the local government has admitted that there are serious environmental problems in the Diamond River area, and they’ve promised to deal with them. Interviewer: How do you feel overall then? Professor Smith: Actually I’m quite hopeful. As I said, the local government has admitted that there’s a problem and they’ve promised to take action. So that’s a good start. Interviewer: Thank you for your time, Professor Smith. 1 What does the interviewer want to ask Professor Smith about? ___________________________________________________________________ 2 How many factories did Professor Smith’s study focus on? ___________________________________________________________________ 3 How many factories are there on the Diamond River? ___________________________________________________________________ 4 What will the local government do with their copy of Professor Smith’s study? ___________________________________________________________________ 5 Why is Professor Smith hopeful? ___________________________________________________________________ 169Unit 9 Save the Planet Lesson 27 Vocabulary & Language Focus AAA Match the words with the defi nitions. Write a-h. 1 at the age of ___ a an area of ground 2 fi nd out ___ b discover 3 land ___ c not anymore 4 hero ___ d something that one tries to achieve 5 no longer ___ e the air, water and land on Earth 6 purpose ___ fff wwhheenn hhee // sshhee wwaass …… yyeeaarrss oolldd 7 the environment ___ g with a value of 8 worth ___ h someone who is admired for doing something really brave B Complete the sentences. Use these C Translate the sentences into words: English. 1 中国在植树方面已经取得了许多成就。 borrowed climate deserts no longer worth purpose 2 如今世界上有大面积的土地是沙漠。 1 The ____________ is getting warmer. 3 一些科学家对于气候变化有不同的 意见。 2 As a result, ____________ are getting bigger. 4 植树只是改善环境的其中一种方法。 3 How much is this plane ______? 5 森林可能有助于阻止全球变暖。 4 The ______ of this exercise is to relax 6 种植树木对环境有益。 your eyes. 5 She ______ goes to school by bike. 6 Benny __________ some money from his mother. 170Lesson 27 Unit 9 Save the Planet D Complete the blog. Write a–h. Reading a environment b forest Put the sentences into the correct place c province d heroes in the article. Write a–e. e international fff mmeeeettiinnggss g planted h programmes a The children also learn how to organise tree planting activities or “parties”. Lily’s b At the age of nine, most children want BLOG to do their homework as quickly as possible so that they can go out and play. Today I did something for the 1 ___- I 2 ___ some trees. I did this with a c It has already planted over 12 billion trees in 100 countries. group called The Tree Huggers, who are hoping to create a small 3 ___ d A year later, 150,000 trees had been outside the city for future generations planted throughout Germany. to enjoy. e There’s lots of information about the organisation, plus downloads, songs The Tree Huggers have already and videos. organised a number of 4 throughout the 5 ___. They have also been invited to speak at a Kids are doing it for themselves number of 6 ___ conferences and 1 ___ Not Felix Finkbeiner. When the 777______.. IInn mmyy ooppiinniioonn tthheeyy’’rree ttrruullyy nine-year-old German was given an 8 ___! assignment about climate change in 2007, he became so interested that he came up with an idea: the children of the world should plant 1 million trees in Listening every country on Earth. Listen to the dialogue and order the And so Plant-for-the-Planet was born. statements. Write 1---55. On 28th March the fi rst tree was planted iinn FFeelliixx’’ss sscchhooooll.. 2 ___ a TTTrrreeeeee ppplllaaannntttiiinnnggg rrreeeddduuuccceeesss ggglllooobbbaaalll wwwaaarrrmmmiiinnnggg... ___ Nowadays Plant-for-the-Planet is a worldwide movement promoting climate b Tree planting helps to stop change and global justice (公正). 3 ___ It landslides (滑坡). ___ also offers educational training days called Academies, where children who have c Tree planting reduces the amount of already been trained teach new groups of CO in the air. ___ 2 children how to become “Ambassadors d Tree planting stops deserts from (大使) for Climate Justice”. 4 ___ expanding. ___ For more information about Plant-for- e Tree planting is a good thing for the-Planet check out their website at animals. ___ www.plant-for-the-planet.org/en. 5 ___ 171Grammar Summary 1 Passive Voice 被动语态 The room iiisss bbbeeeiiinnnggg cccllleeeaaannneeeddd aatt tthhee mmoommeenntt.. He told me that the road was being Uses 用法 repaired. 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（Active All of the food hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn eeeaaattteeennn uupp.. Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。被动 ·在被动语态中，需要提及动作的执行者 语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者，主 时时时，，，执执执行行行者者者前前前加加加介介介词词词bbbbyyyy。。例例如如：： 语与谓语是被动关系。当动作的执行者不 Mickey Mouse was created by Walt 明、无需提及动作的执行者，或者强调动 Disney. 作本身时，使用被动语态。试比较下面的 What was the accident caused by? 句子： Jimmy broke my kitchen window this morning.（主动语态，强调动作的执行 2 Conjunctions 连词 者，即Jimmy。） 1 表示原因的连词 That window was broken this morning.（被 bbbeeecccaaauuussseee,,, sssiiinnnccceee,,, aaasss是是常常见见的的表表示示原原因因的的连连 动语态，强调窗子被打破的事实。） 词，可以引导原因状语从句。例如： The bridge is being repaired now.（被 I can be a good teacher because I’m 动语态，强调修桥这件事，没有必要提 very creative. 及动作执行者。） SSSiiinnnccceee yyoouu ddoonn’t know the answer, perhaps Those pyramids wwweeerrreee bbbuuuiiilllttt aarroouunndd 440000 we should ask someone else. AD.（被动语态，动作执行者不明。） As it was too dark to go on, we stopped Form 形式 there. ·被被被动动动语语语态态态由由由“““bbbbeeee ++ 及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词”” 2 since 构成。bbbeee有有人人称称、、数数和和时时态态的的变变化化。。 since意为“因为，既然”，还可以作时间 ·不同时态的被动语态构成如下： 连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“自…… 一般现在时：am / is / are + 过去分词 以后，从……以来”，一般与完成时态连 一般将来时：ssshhhaaallllll /// wwwiiillllll ++ bbbeee ++ 过过去去分分词词 用。例如： 一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词 He has been ill sssiiinnnccceee hhee aarrrriivveedd hheerree.. 现在进行时：aaammm /// iiisss /// aaarrreee ++ bbbeeeiiinnnggg ++ 过过去去 I haven’t played baseball since I left 分词 university. 过去进行时：was / were + being + 过去 3 as well as 分词 aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss可可以以作作表表示示比比较较的的连连词词短短语语，， 现在完成时： have / has + been + 过去 引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样 分词 好”。aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss也也可可以以作作介介词词短短语语，，连连接接 例如： 两个并列的成分，“除……之外，也， The room iiisss fififi lllllleeeddd wwiitthh ssmmookkee.. 还”。例如： Everything wwwiiillllll bbbeee dddooonnneee ttoo ppuutt oouutt tthhee She sings as well as she dances. （比 big fi re. 较状语从句） The bridge wwwaaasssnnn’’’ttt bbbuuuiiilllttt uunnttiill 11991144.. You look as well as you did fi ve years 172ago. （比较状语从句） ·who和that用来指代人。例如： She’s clever as well as beautiful. （连 I don’t like people wwwhhhooo /// ttthhhaaattt ggeett aannggrryy 接接接两两两个个个并并并列列列成成成分分分cclleevveerr和 beautiful） easily. Michael as well as Judie is friendly to Do you know the man who / that came me. （连接两个并列成分 Michael 和 here yesterday? Judie） ·wwwhhhiiiccchhh和和和和tttthhhhaaaatttt用用来来指指代代事事物物。。例例如如：： The book that / which he borrowed 3 So that / so ... that from the library was very interesting. It’s the fi lm wwwhhhiiiccchhh /// ttthhhaaattt II ssaaww llaasstt nniigghhtt.. 1 so that ·作宾语的关系代词可以省略。例如： so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了， It’s the film (which / that) I saw last 以便”。例如： night. I have to start off early every day so He is the man (whom / that) people ttthhhaaattt II ccaann ccaattcchh tthhee ttrraaiinn.. would like at the fi rst sight. I brought him a little food so that he wouldn’t get hungry. 5 Infi nitive 不定式 2 so ... that 不不不定定定式式式（（（动动动词词词不不不定定定式式式）））的的的基基基本本本形形形式式式是是是“““ttoo so ... that 引导结果状语从句，意为“如 +++ 动动动词词词原原原形形形”””，，，有有有时时时可可可以以以不不不带带带ttoo。不定式没 此……以致”。常用的结构是：so+形容词 有人称和数的变化。例如： /副词 + that。例如： I hope to see you again. He swims so quickly ttthhhaaattt nnoonnee ooff uuss He told me not tttooo bbbeee llaattee aaggaaiinn.. can keep up with him. He got up early tttooo cccaaatttccchhh tthhee ttrraaiinn.. Everything happened so quickly ttthhhaaattt II I heard him sssiiinnnggg ttooddaayy.. had no time to think. ·不定式可以作宾语。常见的可以接不 定式作宾语的动词有：agree, aim, ask, 4 Relative Clause 定语从句 choose, continue, decide, demand, ·定语从句用来修饰、限定正在谈论的 expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, 人或事物。例如： need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, That was the man who refused to give promise, prove, refuse, seem, try, want, us any help. wwwiiissshhh等等。。例例如如：： I couldn’t bear the noise that he made. Hope to see you again next week. ·被定语从句修饰和限定的人或事物称 Did you ask me to come here at 10? 为为为先先先行行行词词词，，，如如如上上上面面面句句句子子子中中中的的的tttthhhheeee mmmmaaaannnn和和 ·不定式可以作宾语补足语，结构为 thenoise。定语从句对先行词起修饰和 “动词 + 宾语 + tttooo dddooo””。。这这类类动动词词常常见见 限制的作用。引导定语从句的词称为关 的有：eeexxxpppeeecccttt,,, ttteeellllll,,, wwwaaannnttt,,, wwwiiissshhh,,, iiinnnvvviiittteee等等。。 系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。常 有有有些些些动动动词词词后后后接接接不不不带带带ttoo的不定式作宾语 见见见的的的关关关系系系代代代词词词有有有wwwwhhhhiiiicccchhhh,,,, tttthhhhaaaatttt和和和和wwwwhhhhoooo等等。。 补补补足足足语语语，，，如如如ffeeeell,, hheeaarr,, lleett,, mmaakkee,, hhaavvee,, sseeee 173等。例如： 词是某（些）人或某（些）物，以示区别 He expected me to tell the truth. 于同类中的其他人或物。 Did you see her come into the room? Uses 用法 ·不定式可以作目的状语。例如： ·表示上文提到过的人或物。例如： She would do everything to save her His car struck a tree. You can see the son’s life. mark on the tree. She came to China to learn Chinese. ·用在带有限制性修饰语的名词前，特 指 某一特定人或物。例如： 6 Articles 冠词 the girl in blue the man in the car Is this the plane to New York? 冠词是最主要、最典型的限定词，有不定 ·用于指独一无二的自然现象，或表示 冠词a , an 和定冠词the两种形式。 方位、左右等名词前。例如： 1 不定冠词a和an the earth the sun the North Pole 不定冠词a和an用于单数可数名词前。在辅 in the east / west / south / north 音前用a ，在元音前用a n。例如： on the right / left aaa ssttoorryy aaa EEuurrooppeeaann ccoouunnttrryy ·表示一类人或物。例如： aaannn eelleepphhaanntt aaannn hhoouurr The horse is a useful animal. aaannn hhoonneesstt mmaann ·用在形容词、副词最高级前。例如： Uses 用法 the shortest way ·泛指一类人或物。例如： the most beautiful city AAA cchhiilldd nneeeeddss lloovvee.. Many people think that Monday is the ·泛指第一次提到的人或物。例如： worst day of the week. There is aaa ppoolliicceemmaann aatt tthhee ccoorrnneerr ooff ·指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如： the street. He sent for the doctor. ·常与时间或度量名词连用，表示“每 Please pass me the book. 一（个）”。例如： ·用于形容词前，表示一类人或某一抽象 sixty kilometres an hour 概念。例如： four times aaa ddaayy the old the dying ·与数词连用。例如： ·用于江河湖海、山脉、岛屿及国家等专 aaa mmiilllliioonn hhaallff aaa ddoozzeenn 有名词前。例如： aaa qquuaarrtteerr the Atlantic the Sahara the USA ·用用用于于于ffffeeeewwww 和和和和lllliiiittttttttlllleeee前前。。例例如如：： ·用于乐器前。例如： aaa ffeeww aaa lliittttllee She learned to play the violin. ·表示“同一”“相同”。例如： ·用用用于于于fifififi rrrrsssstttt,,,, sssseeeeccccoooonnnndddd等等序序数数词词前前。。例例如如：： We are of an age. He was the fi rst to think of the idea. 2 定冠词t he 3 零冠词 定冠词主要用来特指，即指定所修饰的名 ·物质或抽象名词前。例如： 174Electricity is a form of energy. Men fear death. ·用于三餐前。例如： After lunch, students usually take a nap. Dinner will be served at eight o’clock. ·用于体育运动前。例如： play tennis / cards / volleyball / football ... ·不带冠词的常用语有： at home / school go to school / church / university / work / sleep ... by car / bus / train / plane/ boat / bicycle ... on foot go home 7 Conditional 条件状语从句 ·条件状语从句主要由if 或 uuunnnllleeessssss引引导导。。 例如： IIIfff iitt rraaiinnss ttoommoorrrrooww,, tthheeyy wwoonn’t go out. Nobody will get anything unless they ask for it. ·谈论根据将来的情况可能发生的事时， iiifff 条条件件句句常常用用一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来。。例例如如：： If he comes back today, I’ll tell you. We can have a talk if you have time. ·向他人提出建议、请求，或者命令某 人做某事时，if 条件句使用一般现在 时，主句常用祈使句。例如： If you fffeeeeeelll sslleeeeppyy,, go to bed. If she comes to Beijing, take her to the Summer Palace. 175Notes to the Texts Unit 1 著名演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主 Lesson 1 义文学的杰出代表。代表作品有《哈 It is very rude to show the bottom of 克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚 your shoe when you rest one leg on top 历险记》。 of the other. 当你把一条腿放在另一条腿 3. Lewis Carroll 刘易斯·卡罗尔（1832～ 上休息时，露出鞋底是很粗鲁的。 1898），英国数学家、作家。代表作品 本句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to 有《爱丽丝漫游仙境》。 show the bottom of your shoe。当主语是 4. William Golding 威廉·戈尔丁（1911 动词不定式、动名词、主语从句时，常 ～1993），英国小说家、诗人，1983年 将主语放在谓语动词之后，而将it放在句 诺贝尔文学奖得主。代表作品有《蝇 首。例如： 王》。 It is impolite to ask a woman how old she is. 5. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤 问女士的年龄是不礼貌的。 姆·索亚历险记》 美国小说，作者为马克·吐温。其姊 Lesson 2 妹篇是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。 Sometimes I get confused. 有时候，我 6. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 会对此感到困惑。 《爱丽丝漫游仙境》，著名童话故 get confused，意为“感到困惑”。 事，作者为刘易斯·卡罗尔。 confused是动词confuse的过去分词形式， 7. Lord of the Flies《蝇王》，著名哲理 用作形容词，意为“困惑的，迷茫的”。 小说，作者为威廉·戈尔丁。 8. When he wrote the book, he also Communication Workshop added maths puzzles to the story. 他 I feel so frustrated. 我感到很沮丧。 写这本书时，还在故事中加入了数学 feel / get / be frustrated，意为“懊丧，懊 难题。 恼，沮丧”。如： add ... to ...，意为“向……增加，添 He has got frustrated with the exam. 他对考 加”。如： 试感到沮丧。 Shall I add your name to the list? 我可 I’m frustrated with the result. 我对结果感 以把你的名字写进名单吗？ 到沮丧。 I’d like to add some salt to the soup. 我想 在汤里加一些盐。 Unit 2 9. They are forced to stay on an island Lesson 4 together after their plane has an 1. J. K. Rowling 乔安妮·凯瑟琳·罗琳 accident. 飞机发生事故后，他们被迫 （1965～），英国女作家，代表作品 一起待在一个岛上。 有《哈利·波特》系列小说。 force sb to do，意为“强迫，迫使（某 2. Mark Twain 马克·吐温（1835～1910）， 人做某事）”。如： 美国幽默大师、小说家、作家，也是 She forced herself to be polite to them. 她 176对他们强装客气。 focus on，意为“（使）集中于，专注 10. However, the boys don’t get along, 于”。如： and have trouble keeping the The discussion focused on three main peace. 但是，这些男孩们不能和睦相 problems. 讨论集中在三个主要问题上。 处，无法维持和平。 2. Aunt Polly’s very proud of this have (no) trouble doing sth，意为“做 fence. 波利姨妈对这栅栏很自豪。 某事（没）有困难，（没）有麻烦”。 be proud of，意为“骄傲的，自豪的， 如： 得意的”。如： I’ve been having trouble checking my He was proud of himself for not giving email. 我一直无法查看邮件。 up. 他为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。 We had no trouble fi nding the place. 我 们没费什么劲就找到了那个地方。 Communication Workshop 1. Many people prefer reading paper Lesson 5 books because they are easy to buy from 1. The man who doesn’t read good books bookshops and comfortable to read. 很 has no advantage over the man who 多人更喜欢读纸质书籍，因为它们容易 can’t read them. 不读好书的人不比那 在书店买到，而且读起来很舒服。 些无法读书的人强到哪里去。 prefer，意为“更喜欢，认为……胜 advantage (over sb)，意为“有利条件， 过”，后面可接名词、代词，也可接动 有利因素，优势”。如： 词-ing形式或动词不定式。如： Being tall gave him an advantage over the She prefers jazz to rock music. 她喜欢爵 other players. 他个子高，比其他选手有 士乐胜过摇滚乐。 优势。 I prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑 2. Well, it depends on what you’re 此事。 looking for. 嗯，这就要看你找什么了。 2. It doesn’t matter which you use as depend on，意为“由……决定；取决 long as it allows you to enjoy reading. 于；受……影响”。如： 无论你使用哪种形式，只要它能让你享 It depends on the weather. 这要视天气情 受阅读的乐趣就可以。 况而定。 as long as，意为“只要”。如： We might need more food depending on We will go as long as the weather is good. how many people turn up. 我们可能需要更 只要天气好我们就去。 多的食物，不过要依到场的人数而定。 Unit 3 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 1. He focused on his painting like an 1. Leonardo da Vinci 莱昂纳多·达· artist. 他像艺术家一样专注于他的刷 芬奇（1452～1519），意大利艺术家、 漆工作。 科学家，欧洲文艺复兴的杰出代表。他 177的绘画代表作品《蒙娜丽莎》《抱银鼠 do need new inventions, but having 的女子》和《最后的晚餐》体现了精湛 more inventions may not be a good 的艺术造诣。他通晓多个领域的知识， thing. 技术不是坏事，而且我们真的 包括音乐、数学、生理、物理、天文、 需要一些新发明。但是，拥有更多的 地质等。 发明可能不是一件好事。 2. Because he couldn’t test them, not do在本句中，表示强调。如： all of da Vinci’s plans worked out as I do think he is right. 我确实认为他是对的。 well as he wished. 因为达·芬奇无法 Do come often. 一定常来啊。 测试它们，所以并非所有计划都如他 3. But nuclear power provides us with 希望的那样取得成功。 cheap energy. 但是核能为我们提供了 1）work out，意为“成功地进展”。 廉价的能源。 如： provide sb with sth 或provide sth for sb， Things have worked out quite well for us. 意为“提供，供应，给予”。如： 事情的结果对我们很有利。 We are here to provide the public with a 2）not all，意为“并不是所有的都 service.我们来这里为公众服务。 ……，并非都”，表示部分否定。如： Not all birds can fl y. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。 Lesson 9 3. Some think da Vinci wanted to keep 1. Because of this he couldn’t drink it his ideas secret as he wrote his diary any more, but he could eat it. 因此， in code. 有些人认为达•芬奇想将他的 他不能再喝它（饮料）了，但是他能 想法保密，因为他用密码写日记。 吃它。 keep sth secret，意为“保守秘密”。 not ... any more，意为“再也不；不 如： 再”，常用于否定句和疑问句末。如： She kept her past secret from us. 她对我 She doesn’t live here any more. 她已经 们避而不谈她的过去。 不在这里住了。 I promise I’ll keep it secret.我保证保守 Why doesn’t he speak to me any more? 这个秘密。 他为什么不和我说话了？ 2. While some kids just complain when Lesson 8 snow gets in their mittens and their 1. I believe we’ll benefit more from hands get wet, 10-year-old Kathryn new inventions in the future. 我相 Gregory decided to do something 信，未来我们会从新发明中受益更多。 about it. 有些孩子只会抱怨手套里进 benefit from，意为“得益于，得利 了雪，弄湿了手，而10岁的凯瑟琳· 于”。如： 格雷戈瑞却决定为此做一些事。 Who will benefit from these changes? while此处用于对比两件事物，意为 谁会从这些变革中受益呢？ “而；然而”。如： 2. Technology isn’t a bad thing and we While Tom’s very good at science, his 178brother is good at sports. 汤姆很擅长科 plenty of，意为“大量，众多，充 学，而他的哥哥擅长运动。 足”。如： 3. All these inventions have one thing plenty of eggs 充足的鸡蛋 in common – the kids were trying to plenty of time 充裕的时间 solve problems in their lives. 所有这 些发明都有一个共同点——孩子们在 Lesson 11 试着解决他们生活中的问题。 Dr Wang, thank you for talking with have ... in common，意为“有……共同 us.王博士，感谢您和我们对话。 点；相同”。如： thank you for ...，意为“感谢你……”。 Jane and I have something in common – 如： we like sports very much. 简和我的共同 Dr Wang, thank you for your time today. 王 点是我们都喜欢运动。 博士，感谢您今天抽出时间（给我们介 绍情况）。 Communication Workshop Thank you for listening. 感谢你们的收听。 As a result, he is known as “The Father of the Chinese Language Laser Lesson 12 Typesetting”. 因此，他被称为“中文激光 1. He sent a message to his own planet 照排之父”。 and got ready to land. 他给自己的星 know ... as ...，意为“认定某人、某事物 球发了一条信息，然后准备着陆。 为……”，常用于被动语态be known as。 get ready to do和get ready for sth / doing He’s known as the fastest runner in his class. sth，意为“准备好”。如： 他被认为是班里跑得最快的人。 The students are getting ready for the exams. 学生们正在为考试做准备。 Unit 4 2. He was scared and hit Oscar on his Lesson 10 head. 他很害怕，打了奥斯卡的头。 1. Astronauts tie themselves to the wall hit sb on the head，意为“击打某人的 so that they don’t fl oat around when 头部”。head可以替换为其他身体部 they are sleeping. 宇航员将他们自己 位。如： 固定在墙上，以便睡着时不会四处飘 She hit him on the shoulder with her 移。 umbrella. 她用雨伞打了他的肩膀。 tie ... to ...，意为“把……系、拴、捆 3. The boy and the dog ran across the 在……上”。如： fi eld and went home. 男孩和狗跑过田 They tied him to a tree. 他们把他绑在一 野，回了家。 棵树上。 run across，意为“跑过，穿过”。如： 2. Since they have to work hard, they Don’t run across the road. 不要跑着横穿 need to get plenty of rest. 由于他们 过马路。 要努力工作，他们需要充分的休息。 179Communication Workshop make up one’s mind，意为“下定决 All of my classmates have decided to 心，做出决定”。如： work harder and do our best to realise Think well before you make up your our dreams. 我的同学们都决定更加努力 mind. 做出决定之前，请好好想想。 学习，尽最大努力实现我们的梦想。 do one’s best，意为“尽某人最大的努 Lesson 14 力”。如： The king’s officers argued about many Don’t worry about the exam – just do your things, even about small things. 国王的官 best. 别担心考试——尽你的最大努力吧。 员们经常争论，甚至是为了一些小事。 I will do my best to improve my listening.我 argue (with sb) about / over sth，意为“为 会尽力提高我的听力。 ……而争论、争吵、争辩”。如： Don’t argue with me about it again. 不要再 Unit 5 跟我争论那件事了。 Lesson 13 1. Anne of Green Gables 《绿山墙的安 Lesson 15 妮》 Failure meant I stopped pretending to 著名加拿大小说，1908年首次出版， myself that I was anything other than 作者为露西·莫德·蒙哥马利。 what I was and began to direct all my 2. Matthew Cuthbert was on his way energy into finishing the only work to Bright River on his horse and that really mattered to me… 失败意味 carriage. 马修•卡斯伯特驾着他的马车 着我不再自欺欺人。我就是我。然后开 在去往明河的路上。 始把我所有的精力都投入到对我来说唯 on one’s / the way to，意为“在某人去 一真正重要的工作中去…… ……的路上”。如： other than，意为“除了”。如： Dick often reads novels on his way to What are you doing other than work? 除了 work on the train. 迪克经常在坐火车上 工作你还干些什么？ 班的途中读小说。 I don’t know any French people other than One day, I lost myself on the way to my you. 除了你，我不认识别的法国人。 uncle’s home. 有一天我在去叔叔家的路 上迷路了。 Communication Workshop 3. If you didn’t come for me tonight, I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately I made up my mind to go down the and forgot to set the alarm for the next road to that cherry tree at the corner, morning. 我太累了，所以立刻就睡着了， climb up it and stay all night. 如果今 还忘了为第二天早晨上闹钟。 晚你不来接我，我决定沿着这条路走 forget to do，意为“忘了做某事”。如： 到拐角的那棵樱桃树那里，爬到树 Take care and don’t forget to write. 多保 上，整夜待在上面。 重，别忘了写信。 180I forgot to ask him for his phone number.我 且制作了一些成功的电影，如《玩具总 忘了向他要电话号码了。 动员》《机器人总动员》和《飞屋环游 记》等。 Unit 6 Oscars奥斯卡奖，是美国电影艺术与科学 Lesson 16 学会设立的学院奖（Academy Awards）。 1. He was named Rookie of the Month. 他被评为月度最佳新秀。 Communication Workshop 2. Yao Ming is also known for his Mum was always calm, fair, and wise charity work. 姚明还因他的慈善工作 beyond her years. 妈妈总是平静、公 而闻名。 平、智慧，超越了她的年龄。 be known for，意为“因……而闻名”。 beyond one’s years，意为“超越了某人的 如： 年龄”。 Her mother is known for her cooking. 她 母亲因其烹饪而闻名。 Unit 7 Lesson 20 Lesson 17 If I compare myself to others, it really 1. Now that I’ve achieved my goal, I doesn’t help. 拿自己和别人比较，是没 feel I owe it to my father. 现在我已经 有意义的。 达到了我的目标。我觉得这一切应该 compare ... to / with ...，意为“比较…… 归功于我父亲。 和……”。如： owe ... to，意为“将……归功于”。如： He compared London to Pairs. 他把伦敦和 I owe my success to all my friends who 巴黎作比较。 helped me. 我把成功归功于所有曾经帮 此外，compare ... to ...还可以表示“把 助过我的朋友。 ……比作……”。如： 2. She also spends a lot of time doing Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎 volunteer work. 她还花很多时间做志 士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。 愿者的工作。 spend ... (in) doing，意为“花……时间 Lesson 21 做某事”。如： 1. This must be one of the most diffi cult How much time do you spend in cooking? days I’ve ever had. 这一定是我经历的 你花多少时间做饭？ 最艰难的日子之一。 “must be + 表语”，表示推测，用于肯 Lesson 18 定句。如： The fi lm company has won many Oscars You must be hungry after all that walking. and produced a number of successful 走了这么远的路，你一定饿了吧。 films such as Toy Story, WWWAAALLLLLL---EEE aanndd 2. However, I can’t complain because Up. 该电影公司获得了很多奥斯卡奖，而 it’s nothing compared to the journey 181of Roald Amundsen. 但是，我不能抱 治疗更多的疾病。 怨，因为和罗阿尔德•阿蒙德森的行程 be able to do，意为“能够”。如： 相比，这不算什么。 You must be able to speak English for this Roald Amundsen，罗阿尔德·阿蒙德 job. 做这项工作你得会说英语。 森，挪威极地探险家。他是第一个到 达南极的人，抵达时间为1911年12月 Lesson 23 14日。 1. Believe and act as if it were impossible to fail. （他们）相信并进行（实 Communication Workshop 验），就像决不会失败。 1. shikumen-style houses 石库门式的房屋 这是美国发明家查尔斯·凯特灵说过 石库门是最具上海特色的居民住宅。这 的话。 种建筑大量吸收了江南民居的样式，以 as if，意为“犹如，好像”。 石头做门框，以乌漆实心厚木做门扇， 2. All of you have done great work and 这种建筑因此得名“石库门”。 we had a very diffi cult time making 2. I liked both the new and the old a fi nal choice this year. 你们所有人的 Shanghai. Two days was a bit short. 工作都很出色，使我们很难做出最后 新、老上海我都喜欢。两天时间有点 的选择。 短。 have a diffi cult / hard time (in) doing，意 1）both ... and ...，意为“……和…… 为“做某事有困难”。如： 都”。如： I’m having a hard time fi nding a job. 我 It is both good and cheap. 它又好又便宜。 找工作到处碰壁。 2）a bit，意为“有点”。如： She looked a bit nervous. 她看起来有点 Unit 9 Lesson 25 紧张。 1. We hear a lot about how we should You have not changed a bit! 你一点儿也 change our lives to help save our 没变！ planet. 我们听到很多关于我们要如何 改变生活来保护我们的星球的事。 Unit 8 hear about，意为“听说，得知”。如： Lesson 22 Where did you hear about our university? 1. the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 以瑞典著名化学家阿尔弗雷德·贝恩 你是从哪里听说我们大学的？ 哈德·诺贝尔的部分遗产作为基金创 I’m sorry to hear about your accident. 获 悉你遇到的意外，我很难过。 立的奖项。分设物理、化学、生理或 2. My dad organises a car pool with 医学、文学、和平五个奖项。 our neighbours and they take turns 2. If we learn more about DNA, we driving to work. 我爸爸和邻居一起拼 will be able to treat more diseases. 车，他们轮流开车上班。 如果对DNA能了解更多，我们将能够 182take turns doing，意为“轮流做”。如： Susan and her brother take turns washing the dishes. 苏珊和她弟弟轮流洗盘子。 Lesson 27 A lot of work is still needed to prevent deserts from getting larger and to stop the climate from getting warmer. （我 们）还需要做大量工作，阻止沙漠扩大 和气候变暖。 prevent ... from doing ...，意为“阻止…… 做……”。如： The bad weather prevented them from having a picnic. 坏天气让他们不能去野 餐了。 Communication Workshop In order to save energy, we turn off the lights during the day or when they are not being used. 为了节约能源，我们 在白天或者用不着灯时，都把灯关上。 in order to，意为“为了，目的是，以便 于”。如： In order to pass the 800-metre running test, he kept practising for a month. 为了能通过 八百米跑的考试，他持续训练了一个月。 183Tapescripts Unit 1 right? Teacher: Most of the time, yes. Lesson 2 Exercise 3 Sometimes words sound very different but don’t worry. The more Xiaoxia is studying in the United States you listen, the more you’ll get used this summer. She is talking with her to it. teacher about the differences between British English and American English. Unit 2 Xiaoxia: Sometimes I get confused. I thought there was one standard Lesson 5 Exercise 3 for English spelling but there are actually different ways to spell Host: Hello everyone. I’m your host words. Some spellings I see are David Newton and welcome to different from what I learned in “The Book Club”. Today we’re China. Look here. The word “color” going to discuss how important is spelt without the “u” and “grey” reading is. Our guests today are is spelt “g-r-a-y” instead of “g-r- well-known writer Sandra White e-y”. and English teacher Dr Peter Teacher: It’s hard, isn’t it? Well, Johnson. Welcome to the show. even for native speakers, it can Sandra: Thank you. It’s great to be here. be confusing if you travel. For Peter: Thanks. example, the fi rst fl oor in Britain is Host: I remember the famous American the second fl oor here. Our fi rst fl oor writer Mark Twain once said, “The is their ground fl oor. man who doesn’t read good books Xiaoxia: And I notice when you’re in a has no advantage over the man restaurant, you need to ask for the who can’t read them.” What do you “check”, not the “bill”. But you pay think, Peter? with “bills”, don’t you? Peter: That’s true. Twain was a very Teacher: Yes. I wonder what they pay wise man. I think we forget that with in Britain. Let’s check online. there was a time when fewer people Ah, here, they call them “notes”. knew how to read and write. Now You didn’t realise there were so reading is something everyone many differences, did you? does. There’s a world of wonderful Xiaoxia: No, I never thought about these books out there – old books, new things before. But you understand books, e-books – it doesn’t matter. each other, don’t you? For example, They can all help people learn. wwwhhheeennn yyyooouuu sssaaayyy “““tttooommmaaatttooo””” (((AAmmeerriiccaann Sandra: Well, not all books help people English pronunciation), a British learn. Good books do. person knows you mean “tomato” Host: So, Susan. How do we know if (((BBrriittiisshh EEnngglliisshh pprroonnuunncciiaattiioonn), we’re reading a good book or not? 184What is a good book? Technology isn’t a bad thing and Sandra: Well, it depends on what you’re we do need new inventions, but looking for, but one thing is clear: having more inventions may not good books are inspiring. A lot of be a good thing. Some inventions famous people who achieved great bring serious problems, for things were inspired by a certain example, nuclear power. book during a key period in their Andrew: But nuclear power provides us life – usually when they were with cheap energy. young. Jenny: Cheap but not safe! Lots of Peter: Right. I remember the famous people are thinking about its British science fi ction writer safety. There have been dangerous Arthur C. Clarke once said, “I’m accidents in Japan recently. rather proud of the fact that I know Andrew: I disagree. What about cars? several astronauts who became There’s some danger involved astronauts through reading my too. Should we not use them just books.” because car accidents happen every Host: That’s very interesting! And … day? Cars make our life easier, don’t you agree? Jenny: I don’t think so. Just look at Unit 3 traffi c jams. We waste so much Lesson 8 Exercise 2 time on the road because there are too many cars. Moreover, all those Teacher: OK, everyone. Today Andrew cars make the air very polluted. and Jenny are going to have a short Andrew: And this is why we need more debate about inventions. Andrew, new inventions – to deal with let’s start with you. problems like air pollution. I know Andrew: Thank you, Mr Collins. I some new cars are good for our support the position that scientists environment. I believe they will need to quickly increase the number help to solve some of the pollution of new inventions. Inventions help problems. us live better and longer. Think Teacher: All right class. Let’s discuss about all the inventions that save this together. Who do you agree lives like X-rays and machines with? to start hearts when they stop. I believe we’ll benefi t more from Unit 4 new inventions in the future. Teacher: Jenny, your response? Lesson 11 Exercise 2 Jenny: I don’t agree. In my opinion, scientists should cut down on Host: Hello listeners. Welcome to the number of new inventions. Science This Week. We all know 185China’s space programme has sixty years. achieved a lot. To help us learn Dr Wang: Yes. Even though China’s more, a scientist from China’s space programme started nearly space programme is joining us from fi fty years later than the America’s, her Beijing offi ce. Dr Wang, thank Chinese scientists have put a lot of you for talking with us. effort into the programme and have Dr Wang: My pleasure. never given up. Without the hard Host: Can you briefl y talk about work of all the great scientists in the history of China’s space the programme, we would never programme? have succeeded. Dr Wang: Sure. China’s space Host: Dr Wang, thank you for your time programme began in 1956. today. We launched our fi rst satellite, Dr Wang: You’re welcome. Dongfanghong 1, in 1970. Space fl ight started with the launch of Unit 5 Shenzhou 1. Host: Can you tell us something about Lesson 14 Exercise 3 the Shenzhou spacecraft? The King: Now, gentleman. I’ve put Dr Wang: Shenzhou 1 was China’s fi rst the same thing in front of you all. unmanned fl ight. It was launched Please reach out your hands, touch in 1999. Three more launches the object, then step back and followed. The manned launches of tell me what I’ve put before you. Shenzhou 5, 6, and 7 happened in Offi cer 1? 2003, 2005 and 2008. And in 2012, Offi cer 1: Sir, it’s long and thin. I can the fi rst female Chinese astronaut hold it in my hand. It’s obviously a went into space on Shenzhou 9. rope. Host: So, China’s fi rst astronaut was The King: Interesting … Offi cer 2? sent into space on Shenzhou 5? Offi cer 2: Don’t listen to him, sir. It’s Dr Wang: Yes, that was in 2003. It not a rope. It’s long but it’s thick carried the fi rst Chinese astronaut, and heavy with holes in the end. Yang Liwei into space. It’s a hose, sir. Host: I’ve heard another famous name, The King: What do you think, Offi cer 3? Tiangong 1. Can you tell us Offi cer 3: They’re both wrong, sir. It’s something about it? thick and heavy. I can put my arms Dr Wang: It was another great around it but I can’t move it or lift achievement in 2011 that showed it. It’s quite clearly a tree. China’s ability to build space The King: Offi cer 4, what about you? stations. Offi cer 4: Those men can’t be trusted, Host: Wow! China’s space technology sir. It’s not the way they say at all. has advanced quickly in less than 186It’s fl at and round. It’s a fl oor mat. importantly, he always gives me The King: Do you agree, Offi cer 5? the support I need when I’m having Offi cer 5: No, sir. It’s not fl at at all. It’s diffi culties. a piece of iron. It’s long, round and I remember my last year of junior solid. high. I had just failed an important Narrator: The king asked the guard to test and I was very worried. Then, light the candles and take the cloth on a peaceful night, my dad came to off everyone’s eyes. Now everyone my room and said, “Do you know could see clearly. Before them was why snow is white? The answer is: an elephant. It has forgotten its original color.” The King: As you can see, you were all Then I realised that I shouldn’t let wrong. Offi cer 1, you could only this failure bother me. Now that I’ve feel the tail. Offi cer 2, you were achieved my goal, I feel I owe it to near the elephant’s trunk. Offi cer 3, my father. I just want to say, “Thank you were putting your arms around you, Dad.” the elephant’s leg. Offi cer 4, you Adam: Hi. My name is Adam. My role were touching its ear and Offi cer model is my neighbour Ms Li. She 5, you were holding the elephant’s is in her eighties now but she is still tusk. Not one of you listened to the young at heart. Unlike many other others and not one of you knew people her age, Ms Li is very active that it was an elephant. If you had and enjoys outdoor activities. I listened to each other and worked often see her riding her bike in the together, instead of trying to be park and she goes hiking every right, you could know what it was. week. She says it makes her feel I hope you’ve learned your lesson. young. Many people think that the life of retired people must be slow and Unit 6 boring, but Ms Li’s life isn’t. She Lesson 17 Exercise 2 has taught piano lessons to children since she retired. She also spends a Bella: Hello everyone. I’m Bella. I’m lot of time doing volunteer work. going to talk about my dad. He is I’ve learned a lot from Ms Li. She the person I treasure most. I would has helped me understand that prefer to use the word “friend” to people won’t be old if they still describe him. have a great love for life. My dad allows me to do anything Lily: Hello. I’m Lily. Many people I like, well, as long as it’s not think of famous people as their against his rules. We have the role models but for me, my role same interests and we often share model is my cousin, Jack. He does books with each other. But most everything according to a plan. 187For example, he makes a plan for to fail,” these hardworking researchers the whole week and he sticks to tried experiment after experiment until the plan. What’s more, nobody they made a discovery that will change can change his plan! Some people all of our lives for the better. might fi nd that strange, but I think While we honour you this evening, we it’s amazing. He’s a very honest mustn’t forget everyone who has worked person. I’ve never heard him tell a so hard this year. All of you have done lie. great work and we had a very diffi cult At school, he’s an excellent time making a fi nal choice this year. student and he never looks down So, in closing, I wish you a wonderful on anyone. In our family, he’s the evening as we celebrate these great oldest cousin so he always sets achievements. Now, let’s give a warm a good example for us. I want to round of applause to our chairman who follow his example. will present the award. Unit 8 Unit 9 Lesson 23 Exercise 3 Lesson 26 Exercise 2 Chairman Wilson, ladies and gentlemen, There’s been an incident at a polluted Welcome to the Roseland Centre. It’s an local river. Ellie Watson is interviewing honour to be here tonight as we present someone who was there. the award for Discovery of the Year. Ellie: Hello. Is your name Jeremy? The winners this year have done a great Jeremy: Yes. job to help us understand human health. Ellie: Hello. I’m Ellie Watson. Can I Their discovery will certainly improve ask you some questions about what our quality of life in the years to come. happened? This discovery wasn’t made easily. I Jeremy: Sure, no problem. want to take this time to share some of Ellie: To start with, can you tell us when their diffi culties with you. They spent you were at the river? long hours in laboratories, libraries, Jeremy: It was yesterday, at around offi ces and at home. Some had the three in the afternoon. support of their husbands and wives, Ellie: You were fi shing, weren’t you? others did not. I have great respect Jeremy: That’s right. I was with my for their hard work. Without the most friends. We didn’t catch anything modern equipment, they did their best though. As usual! with what they had. Ellie: What do you mean? And above all, they never gave up. Jeremy: Well, there have been a lot of Just like Charles Kettering, who said, dead fi sh there recently. “Believe and act as if it were impossible Ellie: That doesn’t sound very good. 188Jeremy: No, it isn’t. My dad tells me not to go fi shing. He says we can’t eat any fi sh from that water. Ellie: Hmm, that’s terrible. So, what happened yesterday? Jeremy: Well, I was fi shing when this lady came past with her dog. It jumped into the water and couldn’t get out. Ellie: So what did you do? Jeremy: Well, I tried to get hold of him. He didn’t like it but I got him out. Then he started to look strange. Ellie: What do you mean? Jeremy: He obviously wasn’t well. The lady took him to the vet. The vet gave him some medicine and said the dog got sick because the water was polluted. Ellie: Then how do you feel? Jeremy: Well, I’ve got these red spots on my arms but other than that I’m okay. Ellie: Oh. Those look painful. Hope that goes away soon. Thanks, Jeremy. 189Vocabulary in Each Unit Unit 1 bottom/ˈbɒtəm/n.底部 6 Getting Ready *pat /pæt/v.轻拍 7 anger/ˈæŋgə/ n.怒火，怒气 7 *nationality/næʃəˈnæləti/ n.国籍 5 *clap /klæp/ v.鼓掌，拍手 7 Australian/ɒˈstreɪlɪən/ adj.澳大利亚的 5 n.澳大利亚人 Lesson 2 Canadian/kəˈneɪdɪən/ n.加拿大人 5 *mate /meɪt/n.朋友，伙伴 8 adj.加拿大的 *gas /gæs/ n.汽油；天然气；气体 8 Indian/ˈɪndɪən/ n.印度人 adj.印度的 5 *sneaker /ˈsniːkə/ n. 运动鞋 8 Japanese /ˌdʒepəˈniːz/n.日本人；日语 5 *petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n.汽油 8 adj.日本的，日本人的 *confused /kənˈfjuːzd/adj.糊涂的，迷惑的888 Russian/ˈrʌʃn/n.俄罗斯人；俄语 5 standard/ˈstændəd/adj.标准的，正常的 8 *gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/n.手势；姿势 5 n.标准 *thumb /θʌm/n.拇指 5 spelling/ˈspelɪŋ/ n.拼写 8 *wave /weɪv/v.挥手；挥臂 n.波波波浪浪浪；；；海海海浪浪浪 55 grey/greɪ/adj.灰色的(=gray) 8 *native /ˈneɪtɪv/adj.本地的；出生地的 8 Lesson 1 speaker /ˈspiːkə/n.说话者；发音者； 8 simply/ˈsɪmpli/adv.仅仅，只是；简单地 6 扬声器 nod/nɒd/ v.点头 6 *confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/adj.难以理 8 解的，不清楚的 agreement/əˈgriːmənt/n. (意见或看法) 一致；协定 6 check /tʃek/ n. 账单 v. 检查 8 fi nger /ˈfɪŋgə/n.手指 6 note /nəʊt/ n. 钞钞钞票票票；；；笔笔笔记记记 88 silence/ˈsaɪləns/ n.安静；沉默 6 used /juːst/ adj. 习惯于 8 differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/adv.不同地 6 /juːzd/ adj. 用过的，旧的 western /ˈwestən/ adj.西方的 6 *jumper /ˈdʒʌmpə/n.(毛或棉的)针织套衫 8 *shrug /ʃrʌg/v.耸肩 6 *apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/n.公寓套房 8 shoulder/ˈʃəʊldə/ n.肩，肩膀 6 Asian /ˈeɪʃn/adj.亚洲人的 n.亚洲人 6 Lesson 3 *bow /baʊ/ v.鞠躬，点头 6 *tip /tɪp/n.实用的提示；小费 10 ***gggrrreeeeeettt //ɡɡrriiːːtt//v. 和（某人）打招呼 6 *structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/n.结构 10 *custom /ˈkʌstəm/n.习惯；风俗 6 *chant /tʃɑːnt/n.重复唱的歌词；歌谣 10 certain /ˈsɜːtn/adj.某种；肯定 6 as for 至于；关于 10 traveller /ˈtrævlə/n.旅行者 6 work out 计划，思考 ；进展顺利 10 kiss /kɪs/v.亲吻n.吻 6 by the way 顺便提一句 10 European /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/ adj.欧洲的 6 *reward /rɪˈwɔːd/v.奖励，奖赏 10 *cheek /tʃiːk/n.面颊，脸颊 6 n.奖励；回报 *rude/ruːd/adj.粗鲁的；无礼的 6 method /ˈmeθəd/ n.方法 10 说明：未做标记的词汇为课标词汇、根据构词法可以推导的词汇和短语。加*的词汇 为扩展词汇，只要求认读。 190*suit /sjuːt/v.适合 10 drop /drɒp/ v.落下n.滴；水珠 18 make a difference 有所作为 11 hole/həʊl/ n.洞；孔 18 in order to 为了，目的是 11 land/lænd/ n.陆地 v. 着陆 18 *familiar /fəˈmɪljə/ adj.熟悉的 11 *character /ˈkærəktə/n.人物，角色 18 *subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtl/n.字幕 11 bright /braɪt/adj.聪明的；明亮的 18 jot down 快速记下 11 reader /ˈriːdə/n.读者；电子阅读器 18 *phrase /freɪz/n.短语，词组 11 force /fɔːs/v.迫使，强迫 n.力量 18 *continuously /kənˈtɪnjʊəsli/ adv. 11 society/səˈsaɪəti/n.社会 18 不断地，持续地 *thief /θiːf/n.贼，小偷 19 *image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/n.图像 11 steal/stiːl/v.偷，偷窃 19 preparation/ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n.准备 19 Communication Workshop hang/hæŋ/ v.悬挂 19 *frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/adj.懊丧，懊恼 12 Lesson 5 *topic /ˈtɒpɪk/n.主题；话题 12 *refer /rɪˈfɜː/v. 参考；涉及 12 *quotation /kwəʊˈteɪʃn/n.引语，引文 20 refer to 查阅；参考 12 *inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj.鼓舞 20 table /ˈteɪbl/n. 表格；桌子 12 人心的，激励人的 *verb /vɜːb/n.动词 12 form/fɔːm/v.养成，形成 20 *tense /tens/n. 时态 12 continuing/kən'tɪnjuɪŋ/adj.连续不断的 20 have a try 尝试一下 12 need/niːd/n.需求 v.需要 20 no longer 不再 12 advantage/ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n.优势， 20 有利条件 well-known adj.著名的，众所周知的 20 Unit 2 a world of 大量的，无数的 20 Getting Ready depend/dɪˈpend/ v.取决于，决定于 20 dependon取决于；依靠 20 *comic /ˈkɒmɪk/n. 连环画杂志 17 *inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v.激励；启发思考 20 *classic /ˈklæsɪk/n. 名著 17 period/ˈpɪərɪəd/ n.一段时间，时期 20 bookshop /ˈbʊkʃɒp/n. 书店 17 how-to adj. 提供指南的 17 Lesson 6 Lesson 4 *prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/n.预测 22 paint /peɪnt/v.在……上刷油漆n.油漆 22 fl y /fl aɪ/n.苍蝇 v. 飞 18 juicy /ˈdʒuːsi/adj.多汁的 22 *adventure /ədˈventʃə/n.冒险，冒险经历 18 silent/ˈsaɪlənt/adj.沉默的；安静的 22 *wonderland /ˈwʌndəlænd/ n. 仙境 18 *focus /ˈfəʊkəs/v.集中(注意力、精力等) 22 *orphan /ˈɔːfn/n.孤儿 18 painting/ˈpeɪntɪŋ/n.刷油漆；绘画， 22 *curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n.好奇心 18 油画 friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/n.友谊 18 artist/ˈɑːtɪst/n.艺术家 22 *publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/v.出版 18 carelessly /ˈkeələsli/adv.漫不经心地； 22 remain/rɪˈmeɪn/v.仍然是，保持不变 18 粗心地 silly/ˈsɪli/adj.愚蠢的 18 191*sweep /swiːp/v.轻轻擦 22 Italian /ɪˈtælɪən/adj.意大利的 30 back and forth 反复来回 22 painter /ˈpeɪntə/n.画家 30 touch/tʌtʃ/n. 一点儿，少许；触觉 22 engineer/ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/n.工程师，设计师 30 v.触摸 pioneer/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/ n.先锋，先驱 30 take a look at 看一下…… 22 as well as 也 30 move/muːv/n.动作 22 far /fɑː/adv.非非非常常常，，，大大大大大大 3300 consider/kənˈsɪdə/ v.仔细考虑；认为 22 ahead of 早于；在……前面 30 offer/ˈɒfə/n.建议；主动提议 22 *code /kəʊd/ n.密码 30 honestly/ˈɒnɪstli/adv.诚实地 22 left-handedadj.左撇子的 30 paintbrush /ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ/n.漆刷 22 either way 两者都一样 30 *eagerly/ˈiːgəlɪ/ adv.热切地 22 *mirror /ˈmɪrə/n.镜子 30 regret/rɪˈgret/n.遗憾 v.感到遗憾 22 backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv.倒着地 30 absent/ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的；缺少的 31 Communication Workshop cancel/ˈkænsl/ v.取消 31 lover /ˈlʌvə/n.爱好者 24 Lesson 8 *benefi t /ˈbenɪfɪt/v.使受益 24 *aspect /ˈæspekt/n.方面 24 disagree /ˌdɪsəˈgriː/v.不同意， 32 unlike /ˌʌnˈlaɪk/prep.不像，与……不同 24 持不同意见 *extra /ˈekstrə/adj.额外的 24 *weapon /ˈwepən/ n.武器 32 as long as 只要 24 *debate /dɪˈbeɪt/n.辩论 v.辩论 32 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n. 25 *position /pəˈzɪʃn/n.观点；位置 32 不利因素 *response /rɪˈspɒns/n.回答，回复 32 *summary /ˈsʌməri/n.总结 25 cut down 减少；砍倒 32 *nuclear /ˈnjuːklɪə/ adj.核能的 32 *power /ˈpaʊə/ n.能；能量 32 Unit 3 provide/prəˈvaɪd/ v.提供 32 Getting Ready *energy /ˈenədʒi/ n.能量 32 creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/n.创造力 29 danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n.危险，风险 32 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的 29 *involved /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ adj.有关的 32 inventor /ɪnˈventə/n.发明者，发明家 29 traffi c jam 堵车 32 musician/mjuːˈzɪʃn/n.音乐家，作曲家 29 *moreover/mɔːrˈəʊvə/adv.此此此外外外，，，而而而且且且 3 322 *design /dɪˈzaɪn/v.设计 n.设计 29 pollute/pəˈluːt/v.污染 32 pollution/pəˈluːʃn/n.污染 32 Lesson 7 *bite /baɪt/v.咬 33 owner /ˈəʊnə/ n.主人；所有者 33 gun/gʌn/n.枪 30 *blame /bleɪm/ v.责怪 33 bridge/brɪdʒ/n.桥，桥梁 30 *helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ n.直升机 30 Lesson 9 adding machine 计算器 30 instrument/ˈɪnstrəmənt/n.仪器；乐器 30 invent /ɪnˈvent/v.发明，创造 34 northern/ˈnɔːðən/adj.北方的；向北的 30 *earmuff /ˈɪəmʌf/n.耳罩 34 192*crayon holder 蜡笔套 34 lift/lɪft/v.提起 n.电梯 41 *Wristies /ˈrɪstɪz/n.手腕套 34 lift off 发射，升空 41 *popsicle /ˈpɒpsɪkl/ n.冰棍，冰棒 34 manned /mænd/adj.载人的；有人控 41 *stir /stɜː/n.，v.搅动，搅拌 34 制的，需人操作的 treat/triːt/n.乐趣，乐事 34 *spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/n.航天器， 41 ice-skatev.滑冰 34 宇宙飞船 cover/ˈkʌvə/v.盖；覆盖 34 *fl ight /fl aɪt/n.航行，飞行 41 thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/n.思考 34 space fl ight 太空飞行 41 *wire/ˈwaɪə/n.金属丝 34 *sew /səʊ/v.缝，做针线活 34 spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/n.宇宙飞船 41 *fur /fɜː/n.(动物的)皮毛；软毛 34 unmanned/ˌʌnˈmænd/ adj.无人的； 41 *steel /stiːl/n.钢 34 无人控制的 *headband /ˈhedbænd/n.头带，束发带 34 planet/ˈplænɪt/n.行星 41 broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj.破损的； 35 出了毛病的 Lesson 10 *tube /tjuːb/n.管，管子 35 *gravity /ˈgrævəti/n.重力，地球引力 42 fi t /fɪt/v.可容纳；适合 35 *fl oat /fl əʊt/v.浮动，漂浮 42 *tightly /ˈtaɪtli/adv.紧紧地 35 action/ˈækʃn/n.行动 42 *mitten /ˈmɪtn/n.连指手套 35 tie/taɪ/v.(用绳、线等)系，拴，绑 42 *wrist /rɪst/n.手腕 35 business /ˈbɪznəs/n.公司；生意 35 rise/raɪz/v.升起；提高 42 run /rʌn/v.经营；跑 35 set/set/v.落下；放置 42 *alarm /əˈlɑːm/n.闹钟 42 Communication Workshop *muscle/ˈmʌsl/n.肌肉 42 *laser /ˈleɪzə/n.激光 36 Lesson 11 *typesetting /ˈtaɪpsetɪŋ/n.排版 36 come up with 想出，找到 36 *launch /lɔːntʃ/v.发射；发起 44 n.(航天器的)发射 developer/dɪˈveləpə/n.开开开发发发者者者，，，研研研制制制者者者 3 366 *satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/n.人造卫星 44 *publishing/ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/n.出出出版版版 3366 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n.成就，成绩 44 industry/ˈɪndəstri/n.产业；工业 36 *briefl y /ˈbriːfl i/adv.简短地；短暂地 44 modern/ˈmɒdən/adj.当代的，现代的 36 *female /ˈfi ːmeɪl/adj.女性的 44 *advance /ədˈvɑːns/v.进步；前进 44 *effort /ˈefət/n.努力 44 Unit 4 *citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/n.公民，市民 44 Getting Ready Lesson 12 circle/ˈsɜːkl/v.盘旋，环行 41 international/ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/adj.国际的 41 *alien /ˈeɪljən/ n.外星人 46 international space station 41 adj.外国的；外星的 国际空间站 unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj.未知的， 46 193不详的 shyly ///ˈˈˈʃʃaaɪɪllɪɪ/adv.羞怯地 54 *captain /ˈkæptɪn/n.船长；机长 46 *normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv.通常， 54 spacesuit /ˈspeɪssjuːt/n.航天服，宇航服46 正常情况下 uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbl/ adj. 46 *apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v.道歉 54 不舒服的 *plot /plɒt/n.故事情节 55 take off 脱去；去掉 46 pick /pɪk/v.挑选；摘 46 Lesson 14 pick up 拾起，捡起 46 *trunk /trʌŋk/n.象鼻；树干 56 unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj.不幸的 47 *tusk /tʌsk/n.(象或某些其他动物的) 56 ***aaattttttaaaccckkk //əəˈˈttæækk//v.攻击 47 长牙 Earth/ɜːθ/n.地球；世界 47 *fl at/fl æt/adj.扁平的 n.公寓 56 *hose /həʊz/n.橡皮管 56 Communication Workshop *iron /ˈaɪən/n.铁 56 *admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v.钦佩，赞赏 48 *mat /mæt/n.小地毯，垫子 56 once /wʌns/conj.一……就 48 thick/θɪk/adj.粗的；厚的 56 physics /ˈfɪzɪks/n.物理学 48 upon/əˈpɒn/prep.当……时；在……上 56 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/n.化学 48 once upon a time 很久以前 56 *mission /ˈmmmɪɪɪʃʃnn/n.太空飞行任务 48 king/kɪŋ/n.国王 56 role model 榜样 48 offi cer/ˈɒfɪsə/n.官员；军官 56 realise/ˈriːəlaɪz/v.实现；意识到 48 *cloth/klɒθ/ n.布；布料 56 *faithfully/ˈfeɪθfəli/adv.忠诚地 48 guard/gɑːd/n.卫兵，警卫 56 *spot /spɒt/n.地点；斑点 56 *obviously/ˈɒbvɪəsli/adv.明显地，显然 56 Unit 5 jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/n.夹克衫 57 Getting Ready Lesson 15 *literature /ˈlɪtərətʃə/n.文学，文学作品 53 *novel /ˈnɒvl/ n.(长篇)小说 53 *series /ˈsɪəriːz/n.系列 58 *graduation /ˌgrædʒʊˈeɪʃn/n.毕业 58 Lesson 13 *epic /ˈepɪk/adj.巨大的 58 *scale /skeɪl/n.程度 58 *gable /ˈgeɪbl/ n.三角墙，山墙 54 usual /ˈjuːʒʊəl/adj.寻常的，通常的 58 *carriage /ˈkærɪdʒ/n.(旧时载客的) 54 marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/n.婚姻 58 四轮马车；(火车的)客车厢 raise/reɪz/v.抚养；提升 58 passenger/ˈpæsɪndʒə/n.乘客，旅客 54 *resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/n.结结结果果果；；；解解解决决决 5588 *braid /breɪd/ n.发辫 54 rich /rɪtʃ/adj.富有的 58 *freckle /ˈfrekl/n.雀斑 54 direct/dəˈrekt/adj.直接的 v.投入 58 make up one's mind决定，下定决心 54 *pretend /prɪˈtend/v.假装 58 *cherry /ˈtʃeri/n.樱桃 54 other than 除……之外；不同于 58 lovely /ˈlʌvli/adj.可爱的；令人愉快的 54 fi nal /ˈfaɪnl/adj.最终的，最后的 58 194theme park 主题公园 58 Lesson 17 *related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/adj. 相关的，有联系的 58 policewoman/pəˈliːsˌwʊmən/n.女警察 68 related to 与……相关的 58 treasure/ˈtreʒə/v.珍视，珍爱 68 remarry /ˌriːˈmæri/v.再婚 58 importantly/imˈpɔːtəntli/adv.重要地 68 separate/ˈsepəreɪt/v.分离；划分 59 *original /əˈrɪdʒənl/adj.原来的，起初的 68 carelessness /ˈkeələsnɪs/ n.疏忽大意 59 *owe /əʊ/v.归功于，归因于；欠（债）68 *outdoor /ˈaʊtdɔː/adj.户外的 68 Communication Workshop *retired /rɪ'taɪəd/adj.退休的 68 celebrate/ˈselɪbreɪt/v.庆祝，祝贺 60 look down on 轻视，看不起 68 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 60 *organised /ˈɔːgənaɪzd/ adj.有条理的 68 rush /rʌʃ/v.迅速移动 60 caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/adj.乐于助人的， 69 *climax /ˈklaɪmæks/n.高潮；顶点 61 体贴人的 Lesson 18 Unit 6 *digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/adj.数码的 70 Getting Ready *co-founder n.共同创立者 70 *inc. 公司 （=incorporated） 70 *quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品格；质量 65 birth /bɜːθ/n.出生 70 *behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 65 *formal/ˈfɔːml/ adj.正规的 70 schooling/ˈskuːlɪŋ/ n.学校教育 70 Lesson 16 afford/əˈfɔːd/v.承担得起 70 *modest /ˈmɒdɪst/adj.谦虚的 66 fi re /ˈfaɪə/v.解雇；射击 70 hard-working adj.工作努力的；辛勤的 66 a number of 许多 70 *draft /drɑːft/n.运动员选拔；草稿 66 impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/adj.不耐烦的 70 v.选拔 state/steɪt/v.陈述 70 name /neɪm/v.评为；命名 66 *bluntly /ˈblʌntli/ adv.直言地， 70 *voting /ˈvəʊtɪŋ/n.选举，投票 66 单刀直入地 *despite /dɪˈspaɪt/prep.尽管；即使 66 put up with 承受，忍受 70 *challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/adj.有挑战性的 66 *recognise /ˈrekəgnaɪz/ v.公认，承认 70 cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj.文化的 66 *revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/n.革命；改革 70 teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/n.队友 66 *negative /ˈneɡətɪv/adj.负面的；消极的 71 *personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/n.性格，个性 66 pay off 成功；奏效 66 Communication Workshop value/ˈvæljuː/ v.重视，珍视 66 *charity /ˈtʃærəti/n.慈善；慈善机构 66 *beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep.超出 72 *found /faʊnd/ v. 创建，创办 66 *pressure /ˈpreʃə/n.压力 72 *foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/n.基金会；基础 66 *retire /rɪˈtaɪə/v.退役；退休 66 195Unit 7 *sharp/ʃɑːp/adj.尖锐的 83 Lesson 19 Communication Workshop *fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/v.深深吸引，迷住 78 trade/treɪd/v.互相交换；做买卖 78 historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/adj.(有关)历史的 84 n.贸易 shopping mall 购物广场 84 play an important role 发挥重要作用 78 *waterfront /ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/n.滨水区 84 get away 度假，休假 78 landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ n.地标；里程碑 84 ancient/ˈeɪnʃənt/adj.古老的 78 *style /staɪl/n.风格 84 capital/ˈkæpɪtl/n.首都 78 *exist /ɪgˈzɪst/v.存在 84 *monument /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/n.纪念碑 78 *edge /edʒ/n.边，边缘 78 Unit 8 *desert /ˈdezət/n.沙漠 78 Getting Ready fififi nnnddd ooouuuttt 了了解解，，弄弄清清楚楚 78 connection /kəˈnekʃən/ n.连接；关联 78 discovery/dɪˈskʌvəri/n.发现 89 *major /ˈmeɪdʒə/adj.重要的，主要的 78 lab/læb/ n.实验室 89 north-west 西北 78 (=laboratory /ləˈbɒrətətri/ ) Lesson 20 Lesson 22 *despair /dɪˈspeə/ n.绝望 80 *antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/n.抗菌素， 90 抗生素 ups and downs 沉浮；兴衰 80 century/ˈsentʃəri/n.百年；世纪 90 *anonymous /ə'nɒnɪməs/adj.匿名的； 80 *disease/dɪˈziːz/n.疾病 90 姓名不详的 *cure /kjʊə/ v.治愈 90 *path /pɑθ/ n.道路 80 correctly /kəˈrektli/adv.正确地 90 *verse /vɜːs/n.诗节 81 DNA 脱氧核糖核酸 90 *metaphor /ˈmetəfə/n.暗暗暗喻喻喻 8811 block/blɒk/ n.立方体；街区 90 building block组成部分，构成要素 90 Lesson 21 pass on 传给 90 sub-zero 零度以下的 82 *characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/n. 90 *destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/n.目的地 82 特征，特点 *overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v.克服，解决 82 a great deal 大量 90 at times 有时 82 able/ˈeɪbl/adj.能够……的；可以……的 90 *route /ruːt/n.路线 82 beable to 能够 90 *challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/n.挑战 82 *award /əˈwɔːd/v.授予，奖励 90 *nut /nʌt/n.坚果 82 n.奖；奖金 proper/ˈprɒpə/adj.像样的；正确的 82 fi rst-ever 首次的 90 *injury /ˈɪndʒəri/n.伤害，损伤 82 *skin /skɪn/n.皮肤 90 shape/ʃeɪp/n.状况；形状 82 196*suitcase /ˈsjuːtkeɪs/n.(旅行用的) 90 Unit 9 手提箱 Getting Ready *effect /ɪˈfekt/n.影响；效果 91 reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/v.再次使用 101 take action 采取行动 101 Lesson 23 *bulb /bʌlb/ n.电灯泡 92 Lesson 25 above all 最重要的是，尤其是 92 ton/tʌn/n.吨 102 in closing 最后，在结束前 92 *decay /dɪˈkeɪ/v.(使)烂，腐朽 102 *honour /ˈɒnə/ n.荣幸；尊敬 92 *replace /rɪˈpleɪs/v.代替 102 v.给予表扬；尊敬 *bin /bɪn/n.垃圾箱 102 present/prɪˈzent/v.颁发，授予 92 *recycling /riːˈsaɪklɪŋ/ n.回收利用 102 *equipment/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/n.设备，装备 92 *reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v.减少，缩小 102 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə/n.研究人员 92 *global /ˈgləʊbl/ adj.全球的，全世 102 round /raʊnd/ n.一阵 92 界的 adj.圆形的；环形的 global warming 全球变暖 102 *applause /əˈplɔːz/n.鼓掌，喝彩 92 *organise /ˈɔːgənaɪz/v.组织 102 chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/n.主席 92 car pool 拼车 102 take turns 轮流 102 Lesson 24 *sprout /spraʊt/n.苗，新芽 94 Lesson 26 *pot /pɒt/n.罐，瓶，壶 94 to start with 首先 104 *soil/sɔɪl/n.土壤 94 as usual 像往常一样 104 *observation/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/n.观察 94 get hold of 抓住 104 fully/ˈfʊli/adv.充分地，完全地 94 *vet /vet/n.兽医 104 yet/jet/adv.还，尚 94 painful /ˈpeɪnfl /adj.令人疼痛的； 104 patient/ˈpeɪʃnt/adj.有耐心的 94 令人痛苦的 *cm=centimetre n.厘米 95 handbag /ˈhændbæg/ n.手提包 105 patience /ˈpeɪʃns/n.耐心 95 Lesson 27 Communication Workshop greatly/ˈgreɪtli/ adv.非常，很 106 overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/adj.超重的 96 farmland/ˈfɑːmlænd/ n.耕地，农田 106 *gradually ///ˈˈˈgggrrrææddʒʒʊəli/adv.逐渐地； 96 *affect /əˈfekt/ v.影响 106 逐步地 *expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.扩大，增加 106 worth /wɜːθ/adj.有……的价值 106 *seedling /ˈsiːdlɪŋ/n.秧苗，幼苗 106 proudly /ˈpraʊdli/adv.骄傲地 106 *millionaire /ˌmɪljəˈneə/n.百万富翁 106 197*prevent /prɪˈvent/v.防止，阻止 106 Communication Workshop towards /təˈwɔːdz/prep.向，朝，对着 108 *tap /tæp/n.水龙头 108 *fl ush /fl ʌʃ/v.冲(抽水马桶)；脸红 108 take part 参加，参与 108 Places and Names West /west /n.西方（国家） 6 the Middle East 中东地区 6 Oxford /ˈɒksfəd/n. 牛津 18 Harvard 哈佛 58 NBA 美国职业篮球联赛 66 Houston Rockets 休斯顿火箭队 66 Rookie of the Month 月度新星 66 NBA All-Star 美职篮全明星赛 66 Oscar 奥斯卡奖 70 Antarctic /ænˈtɑːktɪk/n.南极洲 77 Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 77 Europe /ˈjʊərəp/ n.欧洲 77 Indian Ocean 印度洋 77 Pacifi c Ocean 太平洋 77 the Silk Road 丝丝丝绸绸绸之之之路路路 7788 the Gobi Desert 戈壁滩 78 Central Asia 中亚 78 Macau /məˈkɔː/ n. 澳门 78 Arctic /ˈɑːktɪk/n.北极地区 82 the Bund 上海外滩 84 the Oriental Pearl Tower 东方明珠 84 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 90 198Word List A artist/ˈɑːtɪst/n.艺术家 22 as for 至于；关于 10 a great deal 大量 90 as long as 只要 24 a number of 许多 70 as usual 像往常一样 103 a world of 大量的，无数的 20 as well as 也 30 able/ˈeɪbl/adj.能够……的；可以……的 90 Asian /ˈeɪʃn/adj.亚洲人的 n.亚洲人 6 above all 最重要的是，尤其是 92 *aspect /ˈæspekt/n.方面 24 absent/ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的；缺少的 31 at times 有时 82 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n.成就，成绩 44 Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 77 action/ˈækʃn/n.行动 42 ***aaattttttaaaccckkk //əəˈˈttæækk//v.攻击 47 adding machine 计算器 30 Australian/ɒˈstreɪlɪən/ adj.澳大利亚的 5 *admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v.钦佩，赞赏 48 n.澳大利亚人 *advance /ədˈvɑːns/v.进步；前进 44 *award /əˈwɔːd/v.授予，奖励 90 advantage/ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n.优势， 20 n.奖；奖金 有利条件 *adventure /ədˈventʃə/n.冒险，冒险 18 B 经历 *affect /əˈfekt/v.影响 106 back and forth 反复来回 22 afford/əˈfɔːd/v.承担得起 70 backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv.倒着地 30 agreement/əˈgriːmənt/n.(意见或看 6 beable to 能够 90 法)一致；协定 *behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 65 ahead of 早于；在……前面 30 *benefi t /ˈbenɪfɪt/v.使受益 24 *alarm /əˈlɑːm/n.闹钟 42 *beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep.超出 72 *alien /ˈeɪljən/ n.外星人 46 *bin /bɪn/n.垃圾箱 102 adj.外星的；外国的 birth /bɜːθ/n.出生 70 ancient/ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj.古老的 78 *bite /baɪt/v.咬 33 anger/ˈæŋgə/ n.怒火，怒气 7 *blame /bleɪm/ v.责怪 33 *anonymous/əˈnɒnɪməs/ adj.匿名的 80 block/blɒk/ n.立方体；街区 90 Antarctic /ænˈtɑːktɪk/n.南极洲 77 *bluntly /ˈblʌntli/ adv.直言地，单刀 70 *antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/n.抗菌素， 90 直入地 抗生素 bookshop ///ˈˈˈbbbʊʊʊkkkʃʃʃɒɒp/n. 书店 17 *apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/n.公寓套房 8 bottom/ˈbɒtəm/n.底部 6 *apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v.道歉 54 *applause /əˈplɔːz/n.鼓掌，喝彩 92 *bow /baʊ/ v.鞠躬，点头 6 Arctic/ˈɑːktɪk/n.北极地区 82 *braid /breɪd/ n.发辫 54 bridge/brɪdʒ/n.桥，桥梁 30 说明：未做标记的词汇为课标词汇、根据构词法可以推导的词汇和短语。加*的词汇 为扩展词汇，只要求认读。 199*briefl y /ˈbriːfl i/adv.简短地；短暂地 44 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/n.化学 48 bright/braɪt/adj.聪明的；明亮的 18 *cherry /ˈtʃeri/n.樱桃 54 broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj.破损的； 35 circle/ˈsɜːkl/v.盘旋，环行 41 出了毛病的 *citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/n.公民，市民 44 building block组成部分，构成要素 90 *clap /klæp/ v.鼓掌，拍手 7 *bulb /bʌlb/ n.电灯泡 92 *classic /ˈklæsɪk/n. 名著 17 *climax /ˈklaɪmæks/ n.高潮；顶点 61 business /ˈbɪznəs/n.公司；生意 35 *cloth/klɒθ/ n.布；布料 56 by the way 顺便提一句 10 *cm=centimetre n.厘米 95 *code /kəʊd/ n.密码 30 C *co-founder n.共同创立者 70 Canadian/kəˈneɪdɪən/ n.加拿大人 5 come up with 想出，找到 36 adj.加拿大的 *comic/ˈkɒmɪk/n. 连环画杂志 17 cancel/ˈkænsl/ v.取消 31 *complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v.抱怨 35 capital/ˈkæpɪtl/n.首都 78 *confused /kənˈfjuːzd/adj.糊涂的， 8 *captain /ˈkæptɪn/n.船长；机长 46 迷惑的 car pool 拼车 102 *confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/adj.难以理解 8 carelessly /ˈkeələsli/adv.漫不经心地；22 的，不清楚的 粗心地 connection /kəˈnekʃən/ n.连接；关联 78 carelessness /ˈkeələsnɪs/ n.疏忽大意 59 consider/kənˈsɪdə/ v.仔细考虑；认为 22 caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/adj.乐于助人的， 69 continuing /kən'tɪnjuɪŋ/adj.连续不断的 20 体贴人的 continuously /kənˈtɪnjʊəsli/ adv. 11 *carriage /ˈkærɪdʒ/n.(旧时载客的) 54 不断地，持续地 四轮马车；(火车的)客车厢 correctly /kəˈrektli/adv.正确地 90 celebrate/ˈselɪbreɪt/v.庆祝，祝贺 60 cover/ˈkʌvə/v.盖；覆盖 34 Central Asia 中亚 78 *crayon holder 蜡笔套 34 century/ˈsentʃəri/n.百年；世纪 90 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的 29 certain /ˈsɜːtn/adj.某种；肯定 6 creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/n.创造力 29 chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/n.主席 92 cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj.文化的 66 *challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/n.挑战 82 *cure /kjʊə/ v.治愈 90 *challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/adj.有挑战性的 66 *curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n.好奇心 18 *chant /tʃɑːnt/n.歌谣 10 *custom /ˈkʌstəm/n.习惯；风俗 6 *character /ˈkærəktə/ n.人物，角色 18 cut down 减少；砍倒 32 *characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/n. 90 特征，特点 D *charity /ˈtʃærəti/n.慈善；慈善机构 66 danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n.危险，风险 32 check /tʃek/n.账单 v. 检查 8 *debate /dɪˈbeɪt/v. 辩论 n.辩论 32 *cheek /tʃiːk/n.面颊，脸颊 6 200*decay /dɪˈkeɪ/v.(使)烂，腐朽 102 European /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/ adj.欧洲的 6 depend/dɪˈpend/ v.取决于，决定于 20 *exist /ɪgˈzɪst/v.存在 84 dependon取决于；依靠 20 *expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.扩大，增加 106 *desert /ˈdezət/n.沙漠 78 *extra /ˈekstrə/adj.额外的 24 *design /dɪˈzaɪn/v.设计 n.设计 29 *despair /dɪˈspeə/ n.绝望 80 F *despite /dɪˈspaɪt/prep.尽管；即使 66 *faithfully/ˈfeɪθfəli/adv.忠诚地 48 *destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/n.目的地 82 *familiar /fəˈmɪljə/ adj.熟悉的 11 developer /dɪˈveləpə/n.开发者，研制者 36 far/fɑː/ adv.非常，大大 30 differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/adv.不同地 6 farmland/ˈfɑːmlænd/ n.耕地，农田 106 *digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/adj.数码的 70 *fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/v.深深吸引，迷住 78 direct/dəˈrekt/adj.直接的 v.投入 58 *female /ˈfi ːmeɪl/adj.女性的 44 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n. 25 fi nal /ˈfaɪnl/adj.最终的，最后的 58 不利因素 fi nd out 了解，弄清楚 78 disagree /ˌdɪsəˈgriː/v.不同意， 32 fi nger /ˈfɪŋgə/n.手指 6 持不同意见 fi re /ˈfaɪə/v.解雇；射击 70 discovery/dɪˈskʌvəri/n.发现 89 fi rst-ever 首次的 90 *disease/dɪˈziːz/n.疾病 90 fi t/fɪt/v.可容纳；适合 35 DNA 脱氧核糖核酸 90 *fl at/fl æt/adj.扁平的 n.公寓 56 *draft /drɑːft/n.运动员选拔；草稿 66 *flflfl iiiggghhhttt //flfl aaɪɪtt// n. 航行，飞行 41 v.选拔 *fl oat /fl əʊt/v.浮动，漂浮 42 drop /drɒp/ v.落下n.滴；水珠 18 *fl ush /fl ʌʃ/v.冲(抽水马桶)；脸红 108 fl y /fl aɪ/n.苍蝇，v.飞 18 E *focus /ˈfəʊkəs/v.集中(注意力、精 22 *eagerly /ˈiːgəlɪ/adv.热切地 22 力等) *earmuff /ˈɪəmʌf/n.耳罩 34 force /fɔːs/v.迫使，强迫 n.力量 18 Earth /ɜːθ/n.地球；世界 47 form /fɔːm/v.养成，形成 20 *edge /edʒ/n.边，边缘 78 *formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正规的 70 *effect /ɪˈfekt/n.影响；效果 91 *found /faʊnd/ v.创建，创办 66 *effort /ˈefət/n.努力 44 *foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/n.基金会；基础 66 either way 两者都一样 30 *freckle /ˈfrekl/n.雀斑 54 *energy /ˈenədʒi/ n.能量 32 friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/n.友谊 18 engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/n.工程师，设计师 30 *frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/adj.懊丧，懊恼 12 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 60 fully/ˈfʊli/adv.充分地，完全地 94 *epic /ˈepɪk/adj.巨大的 58 *fur /fɜː/n.(动物的)皮毛；软毛 34 *equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/n.设设设备备备，，，装装装备备备 9922 Europe /ˈjʊərəp/ n.欧洲 77 201G I *gable /ˈgeɪbl/ n.三角墙，山墙 54 ice-skatev.滑冰 34 *gas /gæs/n.汽油；天然气；气体 8 *image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/n.图像 11 *gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/n.手势；姿势 5 impatient /ɪmˈpeɪɪɪʃʃnntt//adj.不耐烦的 70 get away 度假，休假 78 importantly/imˈpɔːtəntli/adv.重要地 68 get hold of 抓住 104 in closing 最后，在结束前 92 get used to 习惯于 8 in order to 为了，目的是 11 *global /ˈgləʊbl/ adj.全球的，全世 102 *inc. 公司 （=incorporated） 70 界的 Indian/ˈɪndɪən/ n.印度人 adj.印度的 5 global warming 全球变暖 102 Indian Ocean 印度洋 77 *gradually /ˈgrædʒʊəli/ adv.逐渐地， 96 industry/ˈɪndəstri/n.产业；工业 36 逐步地 *injury /ˈɪndʒəri/n.伤害，损伤 82 *graduation /ˌgrædʒʊˈeɪʃn/n.毕业 58 *inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v.激励；启发思考 20 *gravity /ˈgrævəti/n.重力，地球引力 42 *inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj.鼓舞 20 greatly/ˈgreɪtli/ adv.非常，很 106 人心的，激励人的 ***gggrrreeeeeettt //ɡɡrriiːːtt//v. 和（某人）打招呼 6 instrument/ˈɪnstrəmənt/n.仪器；乐器 30 grey/greɪ/adj.灰色的(=gray) 8 international/ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/adj.国际的 41 guard/gɑːd/n.卫兵，警卫 56 international space station 41 gun/gʌn/n.枪 30 国际空间站 invent /ɪnˈvent/v.发明，创造 34 H inventor /ɪnˈventə/n.发发发明明明者者者，，，发发发明明明家家家 2299 *involved /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ adj.有关的 32 handbag /ˈhændbæg/ n.手提包 105 *iron /ˈaɪən/n.铁 56 hang/hæŋ/ v.悬挂 19 *Italian /ɪˈtælɪən/ adj.意大利的 30 hard-working adj.工作努力的；辛勤的 66 Harvard 哈佛 58 J have a try 尝试一下 12 *headband /ˈhedbænd/n.头带，束发带 34 jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/n.夹克衫 57 *helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ n.直升机 30 Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/n.日本人；日语 5 historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/adj.(有关)历史的 84 adj.日本的；日本人的 hole/həʊl/ n.洞；孔 18 jot down 快速记下 11 honestly/ˈɒnɪstli/adv.诚实地 22 juicy /ˈdʒuːsi/adj.多汁的 22 *honour /ˈɒnə/ n.荣幸；尊敬 92 *jumper /ˈdʒʌmpə/n.(毛或棉的)针织 8 v.给予表扬；尊敬 套衫 *hose /həʊz/ n.橡皮管 56 Houston Rockets 休斯顿火箭队 66 K how-to adj.提供指南的 17 king/kɪŋ/n.国王 56 202kiss /kɪs/v.亲吻 n.吻 6 *moreover /mɔːrˈəʊvə/adv.此外，而且 32 move /muːv/n.动作 22 L *muscle/ˈmʌsl/n.肌肉 42 musician/mjuːˈzɪʃn/n.音乐家，作曲家 29 lab/læb/ n.实验室 89 (=laboratory /ləˈbɒrətətri/ ) N land/lænd/ n.陆地 v.着陆 18 landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ n.地标；里程碑 84 name/neɪm/v.评为；命名 66 *laser /ˈleɪzə/ n.激光 36 *nationality/næʃəˈnæləti/ n.国籍 5 *launch /lɔːntʃ/v.发射；发起 44 *native /ˈneɪtɪv/adj.本地的；出生地的 8 n.(航天器的)发射 NBA 美国职业篮球联赛 66 left-handedadj.左撇子的 30 NBA All-Star 美职篮全明星赛 66 lift/lɪft/v.提起 n.电梯 41 need/niːd/n. 需求 v. 需要 20 lift off 发射，升空 41 *negative /ˈneɡətɪv/adj.负面的；消极的 71 *literature /ˈlɪtərətʃə/n.文学，文学作品 53 no longer 不再 12 look down on 轻视，看不起 68 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 90 lovely /ˈlʌvli/adj.可爱的；令人愉快的 54 nod/nɒd/ v.点头 6 lover /ˈlʌvə/n.爱好者 24 *normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv.通常， 54 正常情况下 M northern/ˈnɔːðən/adj.北方的；向北的 30 north-west 西北 78 Macau /məˈkɔː/n.澳门 78 note /nəʊt/n.钞票；笔记 8 *major/ˈmeɪdʒə/adj. 重要的，主要的 78 *novel /ˈnɒvl/ n.小说 53 make a difference 有所作为 11 *nuclear /ˈnjuːklɪə/ adj. 核能的 32 make up one's mind决定，下定决心 54 *nut /nʌt/n.坚果 82 manned /mænd/adj.载人的；有人控 41 制的，需人操作的 O marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/n.婚姻 58 *mat /mæt/n.小地毯，垫子 56 *observation/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/n.观察 94 *mate /meɪt/n. 朋友，伙伴 8 *obviously/ˈɒbvɪəsli/adv.明显地，显然 56 *metaphor /ˈmetəfə/n.暗暗暗喻喻喻 8811 offer/ˈɒfə/n. 建议；主动提议 22 method /ˈmeθəd/ n.方法 10 offi cer/ˈɒfɪsə/n.官员；军官 56 *millionaire /ˌmɪljəˈneə/n.百万富翁 106 once /wʌns/conj.一……就 48 *mirror /ˈmɪrə/n.镜子 30 once upon a time 很久很久以前 56 *mission /ˈmɪʃn/n.太空飞行任务 48 *organise /ˈɔːgənaɪz/v.组织 102 *mitten /ˈmɪtn/n.连指手套 35 *organised /ˈɔːgənaɪzd/adj. 有条理的 69 modern /ˈmɒdən/adj.当代的，现代的 36 *original /əˈrɪdʒənl/adj.原来的，起初的 68 *modest /ˈmɒdɪst/adj.谦虚的 66 *orphan /ˈɔːfn/n.孤儿 18 *monument /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/ n.纪念碑 78 Oscar 奥斯卡奖 70 203other than 除……之外；不同于 58 *popsicle /ˈpɒpsɪkl/ n.冰棍，冰棒 34 *outdoor /ˈaʊtdɔː/adj.户外的 68 *position /pəˈzɪʃn/n.观点；位置 32 *overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v.克服，解决 82 *pot /pɒt/n.罐，瓶，壶 94 overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/adj.超重的 96 *power /ˈpaʊə/ n.能；能量 32 *owe /əʊ/v.归功于，归因于；欠(债) 68 *prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/n.预测 22 owner /ˈəʊnə/ n.主人；所有者 33 preparation/ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n.准备 19 Oxford /ˈɒksfəd/n.牛津 18 present/prɪˈzent/v.颁发，授予 92 *pressure /ˈpreʃə/n.压力 72 P *pretend /prɪˈtend/v.假装 58 Pacifi c Ocean 太平洋 77 *prevent/prɪˈvent/v.防止，阻止 106 painful /ˈpeɪnfl /adj.令人疼痛的； 103 proper/ˈprɒpə/adj.像样的；正确的 82 令人痛苦的 proudly /ˈpraʊdli/adv.骄傲地 106 paintbrush /ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ/n.漆刷 22 provide/prəˈvaɪd/ v.提供 32 paint /peɪnt/v.在……上刷油漆 n.油漆 22 *publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/v.出版 18 painter /ˈpeɪntə/n.画家 30 *publishing /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/n.出版 36 painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/n.刷油漆，绘画 22 put up with 承受，忍受 70 pass on 传给 90 passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/n.乘客，旅客 54 Q *pat /pæt/v.轻拍 7 *path /pɑθ/ n.道路 80 *quality /ˈkwɒləti/n.品格；质量 65 patience /ˈpeɪʃns/n.耐心 95 *quotation /kwəʊˈteɪʃn/n.引语，引文 20 patient/ˈpeɪʃnt/adj.有耐心的 94 pay off 成功；奏效 66 R period/ˈpɪərɪəd/ n.一段时间，时期 20 raise /reɪz/v.抚养；提升 58 *personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n.性格， 66 reader /ˈriːdə/n.读者；电子阅读器 18 个性 realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v.实现；意识到 48 *petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n.汽油 8 *recognise /ˈrekəgnaɪz/ v.公认，承认 70 *phrase /freɪz/n.短语，词组 11 *recycling /riːˈsaɪklɪŋ/n.回收利用 102 physics /ˈfɪzɪks/n.物理学 48 pick /pɪk/v.挑选；摘 46 *reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v.减少，缩小 102 pick up 拾起，捡起 46 *refer /rɪˈfɜː/v.参考；涉及 12 pioneer/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/ n.先锋，先驱 30 refer to 查阅；参考 12 planet/ˈplænɪt/n.行星 41 regret/rɪˈgret/n.遗憾 v.感到遗憾 22 play an important role 发挥重要的作用 78 *related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/adj.相关的，有联系的 58 *plot /plɒt/n.故事情节 55 related to 与……相关的 58 policewoman/pəˈliːsˌwʊmən/n.女警察 68 remain/rɪˈmeɪn/v.仍然是，保持不变 18 pollute/pəˈluːt/v.污染 32 remarry /ˌriːˈmæri/v.再婚 58 pollution/pəˈluːʃn/n.污染 32 *replace /rɪˈpleɪs/v. 代替 102 204researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə/n.研究人员 92 shyly /ˈʃaɪlɪ/adv.羞怯地 54 *resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/n.结果；解决 58 silence/ˈsaɪləns/ n.安静；沉默 6 *response /rɪˈspɒns/n.回答，回复 32 silent/ˈsaɪlənt/adj.沉默的；安静的 22 *retire /rɪˈtaɪə/v.退役；退休 66 silly/ˈsɪli/adj.愚蠢的 18 *retired /rɪˈtaɪəd/adj.退休的 68 simply/ˈsɪmpli/adv.仅仅，只是；简单地 6 reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/v.再次使用 101 *skin /skɪn/n.皮肤 90 *revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/n.革命；改革 70 *sneaker /ˈsniːkə/n.运动鞋 8 *reward /rɪˈwɔːd/v.奖励，奖赏 10 society/səˈsaɪəti/n.社会 18 n.奖励；回报 *soil/sɔɪl/n.土壤 94 rich /rɪtʃ/adj.富有的 58 space fl ight 太空飞行 41 rise/raɪz/v.升起；提高 42 *spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/n.航天器， 41 role model 榜样 48 宇宙飞船 Rookie of the Month 月度新星 66 spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n.宇宙飞船 41 round /raʊnd/ n.一阵 92 *spacesuit /ˈspeɪssjuːt/n.航天服， 46 宇航服 adj.圆形的，环行的 *route /ruːt/n. 路线 82 speaker /ˈspiːkə/ n.说话者；发音者； 8 扬声器 *rude/ruːd/adj.粗鲁的；无礼的 6 run /rʌn/v.经营；跑 35 spelling /ˈspelɪŋ/n.拼写 8 rush /rʌʃ/v.迅速移动 60 *spot /spɒt/n.地点；斑点 56 *sprout /spraʊt/n.苗，新芽 94 Russian/ˈrʌʃn/n.俄罗斯人；俄语 5 standard/ˈstændəd/ adj.标准的， 8 正常的 n.标准 S state/steɪt/v.陈述 70 *satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/n.人造卫星 44 steal/stiːl/v.偷，偷窃 19 *scale /skeɪl/n.程度 58 steel /stiːl/n.钢 34 *scenic /siːnɪk/adj.风景优美的 58 *stir /stɜː/n.，v.搅动，搅拌 34 schooling /ˈskuːlɪŋ/ n.学校教育 70 *structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/n. 结构 10 *seedling /ˈsiːdlɪŋ/n.秧苗，幼苗 106 *style /staɪl/n.风格 84 separate/ˈsepəreɪt/v.分离；划分 59 *subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtl/n.字幕 11 *series /ˈsɪəriːz/n.系列 58 sub-zero 零度以下的 82 set/set/v.落下；放置 42 *suit /sjuːt/v.适合 10 *sew /səʊ/ v.缝，做针线活 34 *suitcase /ˈsjuːtkeɪs/n.(旅行用的) 90 shape/ʃeɪp/n.状况；形状 82 手提箱 *sharp/ʃɑːp/adj.尖锐的 83 *summary /ˈsʌməri/n.总结 25 shopping mall 购物广场 84 *sweep /swiːp/v.轻轻擦 22 shoulder/ˈʃəʊldə/ n.肩，肩膀 6 *shrug /ʃrʌg/v.耸肩 6 205T *typesetting /ˈtaɪpsetɪŋ/n.排版 36 table /ˈteɪbl/n. 表格；桌子 12 U take a look at 看一下…… 22 take action 采取行动 101 uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbl/ adj. 46 take off 脱去；去掉 46 不舒服的 take part 参加，参与 108 unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj.未知的， 46 take turns 轮流 102 不详的 *tap /tæp/n.水龙头 108 unlike /ˌʌnˈlaɪk/prep.不像，与……不同 24 teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/n.队友 66 unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj.不幸的 47 *tense /tens/n.时态 12 unmanned/ˌʌnˈmænd/ adj.无人的； 41 the Bund 上海外滩 84 无人控制的 the Gobi Desert 戈壁滩 78 upon/əˈpɒn/prep.当……时；在……上 56 the Middle East 中东地区 6 ups and downs 沉浮；兴衰 80 the Oriental Pearl Tower 东方明珠 84 used /juːst/adj.习惯于 8 the Silk Road 丝绸之路 78 /juːzd/adj.用过的，旧的 theme park 主题公园 58 usual /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ adj.寻常的，通常的 58 thick/θɪk/adj. 粗的；厚的 56 *thief /θiːf/n.贼，小偷 19 V thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/n.思考 34 *thumb /θʌm/n. 拇指 6 value/ˈvæljuː/ v.重视，珍视 66 tie/taɪ/v.(用绳、线等)系，拴，绑 42 *verb /vɜːb/n.动词 12 *tightly /ˈtaɪtli/adv.紧紧地 35 *verse /vɜːs/n.诗节 81 *tip /tɪp/n.实用的提示；小费 10 *vet /vet/n.兽医 103 to start with 首先 104 *voting /ˈvəʊtɪŋ/n.选举，投票 66 ton/tʌn/n.吨 102 *topic /ˈtɒpɪk/n.主题；话题 12 W touch/tʌtʃ/n.一点儿，少许；触觉 22 *waterfront /ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/n.滨水区 84 v.触摸 *wave /weɪv/v.挥手；挥臂 n.波波波浪浪浪；；；海海海浪浪浪 55 towards /təˈwɔːdz/prep.向，朝，对着 108 *weapon /ˈwepən/ n.武器 32 trade/treɪd/v.互相交换；做买卖 n. 贸易 78 well-known adj. 著名的，众所周知的 20 traffi c jam 堵车 32 West /west/n.西方（国家） 6 traveller /ˈtrævlə/n.旅行者 6 western /ˈwestən/ adj.西方的 6 treasure/ˈtreʒə/v.珍视，珍爱 68 *wire/ˈwaɪə/n.金属丝 34 treat/triːt/n.乐趣，乐事 34 *wonderland /ˈwʌndəlænd/ n. 仙境 18 *trunk /trʌŋk/n.象鼻；树干 56 work out 计划，思考；进展顺利 10 *tube /tjuːb/n.管，管子 35 worth /wɜːθ/adj.有……的价值 106 *tusk /tʌsk/n.(象或某些其他动物的) 56 *wrist /rɪst/n.手腕 35 长牙 Wristies /ˈrɪstɪz/n.手腕套 34 206Y yet/jet/adv.还，尚 94 207Irregular Verbs Base form Simple past Past Base form Simple past Past participle participle be was, were been go went gone bear bore born grow grew grown become became become hang (悬挂) hung hung begin began begun have (has) had had blow blew blown hear heard heard break broke broken hide hid hidden bring brought brought hit hit hit build built built hold held held burn burnt / burnt / hurt hurt hurt burned burned keep kept kept buy bought bought know knew known can could --- lay laid laid catch caught caught lead led led choose chose chosen learn learnt / learnt / come came come learned learned cost cost cost leave left left cut cut cut lend lent lent deal dealt dealt let let let do did done lie (躺) lay lain draw drew drawn light lit / lit / lighted lighted dream dreamt / dreamt / dreamed dreamed lose lost lost drink drank drunk make made made drive drove driven may might --- eat ate eaten mean meant meant fall fell fallen meet met met feed fed fed mistake mistook mistaken feel felt felt must must --- fi ght fought fought pay paid paid fi nd found found put put put fl y fl ew fl own read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/ forget forgot forgotten ride rode ridden get got got ring rang rung give gave given run ran run 208Base form Simple past Past Base form Simple past Past participle participle say said said spend spent spent see saw seen spread spread spread sell sold sold stand stood stood send sent sent steal stole stolen set set set stick stuck stuck shake shook shaken swim swam swum shall should --- take took taken shine shone shone teach taught taught show showed shown / tell told told showed think thought thought sing sang sung throw threw thrown sit sat sat understand understood understood sleep slept slept wake woke woken smell smelt / smelt / wear wore worn smelled smelled will would --- speak spoke spoken win won won spell spelt / spelt / write wrote written spelled spelled 209后 记 《北师大版义务教育教科书》由众多国家基础教育课程标准研制组负责人和核心 成员、学科专家、教育专家、心理学专家和特级教师参加编写，研究基础深厚、教育 理念先进、编写质量上乘、服务水平专业。教材力求反映国家基础教育课程标准精 神，重视多种信息资源手段的利用，体现最新的学科进展，强调知识、技能在实际生 活中的应用，贴近学生生活，关注学生的学习过程，促进每一个学生的全面发展，满 足学生多样化的学习需求。 《北师大版义务教育教科书·英语》（7～9年级）结合初中学生学习英语的特 点，以培养学生的综合语言运用能力为目标，以教会学生“用英语做事情”为基本思 路，以话题、结构、功能和学会学习为编排主线，科学合理地安排教材容量和难度， 精心编选有利于促进学生语言、思维、情感、策略和文化意识整体发展的语言素材， 循序渐进地引导学生发展语言能力、思维能力和自主学习能力，帮助学生形成积极向 上的情感态度价值观和初步的跨文化交流的意识。 本教材的教学活动设计力求从学生生活经验、学习兴趣和认知特点出发，倡导在 语境中理解和体验语言的意义，通过参与、体验、探究、实践等多种活动形式，帮助 学生巩固和内化语言，逐步形成语言学习的自信心和运用所学语言交流信息与经历、 表达观点和情感的能力。 为了确保本教材与小学和高中英语课程的有效衔接，教材遵循语言学习的规律， 精选学习内容，力求从知识体系、能力发展、情感态度、文化意识和学习策略等各方 面起到承接小学、开启高中的作用，保证英语学习的整体性、渐进性和持续性。 本套教材主编王蔷，副主编曹瑞珍、陈则航；编写组成员有马欣、王琦、蒋京 丽、刘雯、王源、孙山泉等。还有很多实验区教研员和一线教师为教材的编写和修改 提供了宝贵的意见，在此一并表示衷心的感谢！ 由于时间仓促，教材中的错误在所难免，恳请使用者批评指正。欢迎来电来函与 我们联系：北京师范大学出版社基础教育分社（100875），（010）58802831，czyy@ bnupg.com。 北京师范大学出版社 210