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2025考研阅读400旬精讲
主讲老师:颉斌斌
如何提高读英语句子的速度?
1必须按照英语的语序去接受旬子!
一
2. 必须学会寻找分割点, 用分割点把 个复杂的旬子分成若干局
一
部(意群),每个局部(意群)表达 个完整的意思!
3. 每个分割点处, 用设问的方式来思考前后意群的关系,按照语
义所表达的逻辑关系,通过增词减词把前后意群串起来!
(Of all the changes) (that have taken place) (in English-language
米
newspapers) (during the past quarter-century), (perhaps) (the most far
reaching) (has been) (the inexorable decline) (in the scope and
seriousness) (of their arts coverage)
.一个句子是由若干个语义完整的意群组成!
完整性读主干
>主谓:I will leave.
>主谓宾:I love you.
>主谓宾宾:T give you a book
>主谓宾宾补:love makes you crazy.
>主系表(主补) :I am a student.
完整性读名词词组和谓语动词:
>名词词组完整性=限定词+修饰词+名词
>谓语动词完整性=包含时态/语态/情态的动词词组
第1页完整性读修饰成分:
>介词短语=介词+宾语=介词+名词词组/代词/数词
>从旬=连词+主干
> 不定式= to do (sth)
分 doing (sth) /done (by)
> 词=
>形容词
>副词
米
(It is 小fficult) (to the point) (of imposs
伽
lity) (for the average reader)
(under the age) (of forty) (to imagine a time) (when high-quality arts
criticism) (could be found) (in most big-city newspapers)
For example, (some early societies) (ceased to consider) (certain rites
次
essential) (to their well-being) and (abandoned
them),nevertheless,(they retained) (as parts) (of their oral trad山on)
(the myths) (that had grown up) (around the rites) and (admired them)
(for their artistic qualities) rather than (for their religious usefulness).
Yet (a considerable number) (of the most significant collections) (of
济
criticism) (published) (in the 20th century) (consisted) (in large part)
(of newspaper reviews).
第2页400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Textl第1段
(DEverybody loves a fat pay rise.(2) Yet pleasure at your own cari vanish if you learn that a
colleague has been given a bigger one.@ Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even
be outraged.@Such behaviour is regarded as"all too humari", with the underlying assumption that
other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ®But a study by
Sarah Brosnari d Fraris de Waal of Emory University in Atl ta, Georgia, which has」ustbeen
叨 叨
published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well
I.Everybody(主语)loves(谓语)a fat pay rise(名词词组作宾语)
> fat a丰厚的, 巨额的;肥胖的
> pay n薪水;v付款
> rise n上涨, 增加;ralse
译文:人人都喜欢大幅加薪。
2.Yet pleasure(主语)(at your own) can vanish(谓语)if you(主语)
learn(谓语)[that a colleague has been given a bigger one][宾语从句]
> pleasure n快乐;乐事
> vanish v消失;消散;销声匿迹
> colleague n同事;同行
译文:但是, 如果你知道某位同事的薪水涨幅更大, 那么你自己加薪
带来的快乐就会消失殆尽。
3. Indeed, if he(主语)has(谓语)a reputation(宾语)for slacking(介词短
语作后置定语修饰reputation), you(主)might even be(系)
outraged(表).
第3页> indeed ad实际上;其实
> reputation n名誉,名声
> slack v懈怠,偷懒
> outrage v激怒
译文:事实上,如果他有工作懒散的名声,那么你甚至可能会感
到愤怒。
4. Such behaviour(主语)is regarded(谓语)as "all too human"(主
补)w, ith the underlying assumption(介词短语作状语)that[ other
animals(主语)would not be capable(谓语)of this finely developed
sense of grievance(宾语)][同位语从旬]
口涧汇:.
> behaviour n行为举止;表现方式
>
regard v认为:看待;凝视
> all too 太过;实在太
> human a人类的;人性的;有人情味的
> underlying a根本的;潜在的
>
assumption n假设;担任
> capable a有能力的;能胜任的
>
finely ad微小地;精致地;精确地
> developed a发达的;先进的
>
sense n意识;意义;v感觉到
> grievance n抱怨;委屈
“ ”
译文:这种行为被认为是 人之常情 ,其潜在的假设是,其他
动物不可能具备这种高度发达的不满情绪。
5. But a study(主语)(by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal) (of Emory
University) (in Atlanta,Georgia),(which has just been published) (in
Nature),suggests(谓语)that it is all too monkey, as well(宾语从句)
第4页> publish v出版,发行;发布
> suggest v表明;建议;推荐;暗示
> as well 同样地;也
译文:但是,由佐治亚州亚特兰大市埃默里大学的莎拉·布鲁斯南
(Sarah Brosnan)和弗兰斯·德瓦尔(Frans de Waal)近日发表在
一 " ”
«自然〉〉期刊上的 项研究表明,这也是 猴之常情
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Textl第2段
@The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look
cute.@They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily.®Above
all,liketheir female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of
"goods and services" than males
6-7.T he researchers(主语)studied(谓语)the behaviour(宾语)of
female brown capuchin monkeys(介词短语作后置定语修饰
behaviour).They look cute.
> female a女性的;雌性的
> brown a褐色的,棕色的
> capuchin n卷尾猴,僧帽猴
> cute a可爱的;漂亮的;讨喜的
译文:研究人员研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为。 它们看起来很可
爱。
8.They are good-natured,cooperative creatures,and they share their food
readily.
第5页> good-natured a和蔼的;温厚的;脾气好的
> cooperative a善千合作的
> creature n生物,动物
> share v共享:分担
> readily ad欣然地;轻而易举地
译文:它们性情温顺,善千合作,且乐千分享食物。
9.Above all,(like their female human counterparts), they(主语)tend to
pay much closer attention to(谓语)the value(宾语)of"goods and
services”(介词短语作后置定语修饰value) than males(比较状语省
略tend to…).
口词汇:
•
> above all 最重要的是;尤其
> counterpart n对应的人(或事物)
> tend v倾向千;往往会;照料
> pay attention to... 关注..;重视
> close a亲密的;密切的;接近的;儿乎
> value n价值;价值观v重视,给估价
> male a男性的;雄性的
一
译文:最重要的是,它们和人类女性 样,往往比雄性更注重
”
“商品和服务 的价值。
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Textl第3段
@)Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study
@The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for
food.@Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange picces of rock for slices of
cucumber.@However,when two monkcys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so
that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became
markedly different
第6页I 0. Such characteristics(主语)make(谓语)them(宾语)perfect
candidates(宾语)for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr.de Waal's study(介词短
语作后置定语修饰perfect candidates)
> characteristic n特征,特点:品质
> perfect a最佳的;完美的;准确的;无瑕的
> candidate n候选人;求职者
译文:因为这些特征, 它们成为了布鲁斯南博士和德瓦尔博士研究
的理想对象。
11. The researchers(主语)spent(谓语)two years(宾语)teaching
their monkeys(介词短语作状语)to exchange tokens(to do不定式作
宾语补足语)for food.
口词汇:
> spend time(in) doing sth花费时间干某事
> exchange v.In交换;交易;兑换
> token n.代币;代金券
译文:研究人员花了两年时间教猴子们用代币换取食物。
12.Normally,the monkeys(主)were(系)happy(表)enoughto
exchange pieces of rock(介词短语作状语)for slices of cucumber(介
词短语作状语)
> normally ad通常地;正常地
> be happy to do sth 乐意, 情愿(做某事)
> rock n石头;摇滚乐
> slice n片;份额
> cucumber n.黄瓜
第7页译文:正常情况下,猴子们很乐意用石头换黄瓜片。
13. However,when two monkeys(主语)were placed(谓语)in
separate but adjoining chambers(介词短语作状语)s, o that each(主
语)could observe(谓语)[what the other(主语)was getting(谓语)in
return for its rock(介词短语作状语)[] 宾语从旬,] their
behaviour(主)became(系)markedly different(表)
> place 放置
> separate a单独的;分开的
> adjoining a邻近的;毗连的
> chamber n房间;会议厅
> so that 以便;为此
> observe v注意到,观察到;评论;遵守;庆祝
> in return for sth 作为对的交换
> markedly ad显著地, 明显地
译文:然而, 当两只猴子被安置在两个独立但相邻的房间里,每
只猴子都可以观察到对方用石头换来的东西时, 它们的行为就变
得明显不同了。
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Textl第4段
@
@In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers)
@So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant
to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to
provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or
out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. @Indeed, the mere presence of a
grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to cat it) was enough to induce
resentment in a female capuchin.
第8页14. In the world (of capuchins), grapes(主)are(系)luxury goods(表)
(and (省略grapes) much preferable to cucumbers)
> grape n葡萄
> luxury a奢侈的n奢侈品;奢华
> preferable a更好的;更合适的
译文:在卷尾猴的世界里,葡萄是奢侈品(比黄瓜更受欢迎)。
15. So when one monkey(主语)was handed(谓语)a grape(宾语)in
exchange for her token(状语), the second(主语)was reluctant to
hand(谓语)hers(宾语)over for a mere piece of cucumber(状语)
> hand sth over 移交,交出某物
> in exchange(for sth) 作为(对的)交换;换取
> be reluctant to do sth 不悄愿做某事
> mere a仅仅,只不过
一 一
译文: 因此, 当第 只猴子用代币换回 颗葡萄时,第二只猴子
一
就不愿意用代币仅仅换回 片黄瓜。
16.And if one(主语)received(谓语)a grape(宾语)without having to
provide her token in exchange at all(介词短语作状语),the other(主
语)either tossed(谓语)her own token(宾语)at the researcher or out
of the chamber(介词短语作状语), or(省略the other) refused to
accept(谓语)the slice of cucumber(宾语).
第9页> receive v收到;接待
> without...at all 根本没有.
v提供;给予;规定
> provide
要么要么…
> either...o r...
v扔,抛,投
> toss
> accept v接受;同意;承认
一 一
译文:而且,如果 只猴子根本不需要交换代币就能得到 颗葡
一
萄,那么另 只猴子要么把自己的代币扔向研究人员或扔出房间,
要么拒绝接受黄瓜片。
17. Indeed,the mere presence(主语)of a grape(介词短语作定语)in
the other chamber(介词短语作状语)(without an actual monkey to eat
it) was enough to induce(谓语)resentment(宾语)in a female
capuchin(介词短语作后置定语)
n存在;出现;出席
> presence
a真实的,实际的
> actual
v引起;引诱;劝说
> induce
n愤恨;怨恨
> resentment
一 一
译文:事实上,只要在另 个房间里有 颗葡萄(没有猴子真要吃
它),就足以引起雌性卷尾猴的愤恨。
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Textl第5段
@The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social
emotions.@)In the wild,they are a cooperative,group-living species,勃Suchcooperation is likely
to be stable only when cach animal feels it is not being chcated. Feelings ofrighteous
indignation, it seems, are not the preserve ofp eople alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely
makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a
sense offa irness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the
common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question
第10页18.The researchers(主语)suggest(谓语)[that capuchin monkeys(主
语),like humans(介词短语作状语)a, re guided(谓语)by social
emotions(介词短语作状语)][宾语从旬].
口词汇:
』
> guide v指导;带领;阐明
一
译文:研究人员指出, 卷尾猴和人类 样, 也会受社会情绪的引
导。
19. In the wild,they(主)are(系)a cooperative,group-Iiving species(名
词词组作表语)
> wild n荒野
> cooperative a合作的,协作的
> group-living a群居的
> species n物种;种类
一
译文:在野外, 它们是 种合作、 群居的物种。
20.Such cooperation(主)is likely to be(系)stable(表)only when each
animal(主语)feels(谓语)(省略that)it is not being cheated(宾语从 句)
> cooperation n合作,协作
> be likely to 倾向千;有可能
> stable a稳定的;牢固的;稳重的
> cheat v欺骗;作弊;出轨
译文:只有当每只猴子都觉得自己没有被欺骗时,这种合作才可
能保持稳定。
第11页21. Feelings(主)of righteous indignation(介词短语作后置定语),it
seems, are not(系)the preserve(表)of people alone(介词短语作后置
定语)
-
口词汇:
> righteous a正直的;公正的;正当的
> indignation n愤慨
> preserve n专门领域v保存
译文:义愤填膺的感觉似乎不仅仅是人们的专利。
22. Refusing a lesser reward(主语)completely makes(谓语)these
feelings(宾语)abundantly clear to other members(介词短语作状语)
of the group(介词短语作后置定语)
.
> lesser a较少的;次要的;更小的
> reward
n奖励;回报;酬劳
> completely ad完全地,彻底地
> abundantly ad相当地;丰富地
> member
n成员,会员
译文:拒绝接受 一 份较低的酬劳, 这完全可以将这些情绪相当消晰
地传达给群组中的其他成员。
23.However,[whether such a sense(主语)of fairness(介词短语作后置
定语修饰sense) evolved(谓语)(independently) in capuchins and
humans(介词短语作状语),or whether it(主语)stems from(谓语)the
common ancestor(宾语)that the species(主语)had(谓语)35 million
years ago][主语],is(谓语),as yet,an unanswered question(宾语).
第12页> fairness n公平;合理
> evolve v进化;演化
> independently ad独立地;自立地
> stem from 源千
> common a共同的;常见的;普遍的
> ancestor n祖先
> million n百万
> as yet 至今仍, 到目前为止
> unanswered a未答复的;无反应的
译文:然而, 这种公平感究竟是从卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立进
化而来的, 还是源自千3500万年前这两种生物共同的祖先, 这个
问题至今还没有定论。
400句20篇真题阅读逐旬精讲2005年Text2第1段
(DDo you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would k仆I us but the
doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? �That the evidence was inconclusive,the
science uncertain?@That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the
goverrunent should stay out of the way? @Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over
three decades, some 10 million smokers went to carly graves
I.Do you(主语)remember(谓语)all those years(宾语)when
scientists(主语)argued(谓语)[that smoking(主语)would kill(谓语)
us(宾语)but the doubters(主语)insisted(谓语)that we didn't know
for sure(宾语从句)?][宾语从旬]
□
> remember v回想起;记住;缅怀
> argue v表明;证明;争论
> smoking n抽烟
> doubter n怀疑者
> insist v坚决要求;坚持说;固执己见
> for sure 无疑;肯定
第13页译文:还记得那些年吗?科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡;而怀疑者
们却坚持认为我们对此并不确定。
2. That the evidence(主)was(系)inconclusive(表),the science(主)(省略
was) uncertain(表)?
> evidence n根据;迹象;证据
> inconclusive a非决定性的;无定论的;不确定的
> uncertain a无把握;犹豫;不确定的
译文: (他们坚持认为)这证据不确凿,科学不确定。
3. That the antismoking lobby(主语)was out to destroy(谓语)our
way(宾语)of life(介词短语作后置定语修饰way) and(省略that) the
government(主语)should stay out of the way(谓语)?
> antismoking a反对吸烟的
> lobby n游说团体;门厅
> be out to do sth 企图做某事;力图做某事
> destroy v摧毁;毁灭
> stay out of the way 不介入;置身事外
译文: (他们坚持认为)反对吸烟的游说团体企图破坏我们的生活
方式,而政府应该置身事外吗?
4.Lots of Americans(主语)bought(谓语)that nonsense(宾语), and
over three decades, some 10 million smokers(主语)went to(谓语)early
graves(宾语).
第14页>
buy v相信;购买;贿赂
> nonsense n谬论;胡扯;冒失
> decade n十年,十年期
> million n百万;大量
>
grave n坟墓;死亡
译文:许多美国人听信了那种无稽之谈,在过去的30多年里,大约
有1000万烟民早早地进入了坟墓。
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Text2第2段
®There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to
me. growing threat of global warming. @The latest was a panel from the National Academy of
Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely
warming and that the problem is largely man-made, (J)The clear message is that we should get
moving to protect ourselves. @The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts,added this
key point in the preface to the panel's report: "Science never has all the answers. @But science
does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and
the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the
future consequences of present actions."
5.There(主语)are(谓语)upsetting parallels(宾语)today,as
scientists(主语)in one wave after another(介词短语作状语)try to
awaken(谓语)us(宾语)to the growing threat(介词短语作状语)of
global warming(介词短语作后置定语修饰threat)
> upsetting a令人不快的
> parallel n极其相似的人(或情况、 事件等)
> wave n海浪;心潮;涌现的人(或事)
> awaken v (使)意识到; (使)醒来;唤起;被唤起
>
threat n威胁;恐吓;凶兆
> global warming 全球变暖
译文:如今,在科学家们前赴后继试图努力唤醒我们意识到全球变
暖所带来的日益严重的威胁之时,令人不安的类似情形再次出现。
第15页6.The latest(主)was(系)a panel(表)(from the National Academy of
Sciences), enlisted (by the White House),to tell us that the Earth's
atmosphere(主)is(系)definitely warming(表)and that the
problem(主)is(系)largely man-made(表)
> latest a最近的,最新的
> panel n专家咨询组;嵌板
> academy n专科院校;研究院
> enlist v争取;入伍;资助;支持
> atmosphere n大气层;气氛
> definitely ad肯定地, 当然;确切地
> largely ad在很大程度上;多半;主要地
> man-made a人造的;非天然的
一 一
译文:最近的 次是由臼宫召集了 批来自美国国家科学院的专
家组,他们告诉我们, 地球的气候确实正在变暖,而这个问题在
很大程度上是人为造成的。
7. The clear message(主语)is(谓语)[that we(主语)should get
moving(谓语)to protect ourselves(to do不定式作目的状语][表语从
旬]
> clear a易懂的;明自的;透明的
> message n信息;主旨
> protect v保护;防护
> get moving (to do sth) 马上行动, 迅速开始(做某事)
译文:其中的信息很明确, 我们应该行动起来以保护自己。
第16页8. The president(主语)of the National Academy(介词短语作后置定
语修饰president),Bruce Alberts,added(谓语)this key point(宾语)in
the preface(介词短语作状语)to the panel's report(介词短语作后置
定语修饰preface):["Science(主语)never has(谓语)all the
answers(宾语)]. [同位语]
> president n总统;国家主府;院长
> add v增加;增添
> key a最重要的;主要的;关键的n关键;钥匙
> point n观点;见解;目的
> preface n前言;序言
译文:美国国家科学院院长布鲁斯·阿尔伯茨(Bruce Alberts)在
一
专家组报告的序言中补充了 个重要观点: “科学永远无法回答所
有问题。
9. But science(主语)does provide(谓语)us(宾语)(with the best
available guide) (to the future), and it(主)is(系)critical(表)that our
nation and the world(主语)base(谓语)important policies(宾语)(on
the best judgments) that science can provide(定语从句修饰
judgements) concerning the future consequences of present actions(介
词短语作后置定语修饰future consequences)."
> provide v提供;供应
> available a可获得的;可找到的;有空的
> critical a批判的:至关紧要的:挑剔的
> base n根基;根据v以为基础(或根据)
> policy n政策;方针;原则
> judgment n判断;看法;意见
> consequence n结果;影响;重要性;意义
> present a.现存的;当前的;出现;存在
第17页译文:但科学确实为我们的未来提供了有用且最佳的指导,而且至
关重要的是, 我们国家和世界的重要政策应以科学能够提供的最佳
判断为依据,而这些判断涉及当前人类行为对未来所产生的影
响。 ”
400旬20篇真题阅读逐旬精讲2005年Text2第3段
咖ust as onsmokmg, VOlces nowcome from many quarters mslstmg thatthe SClence about global
warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure
@This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late
@With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now
10. Just as on smoking, voices(主语)now come from(谓语)many
quarters(宾语)insisting that the science about global warming(介词短
语作后置定语修饰science) is(系)incomplete(表),that it's OK to keep
pouring fumes (into the air) until we know for sure(时间状语从句)
> voice n嗓音;发言权;意见
> quarter n四等份之一;一刻钟;季度;个人;群体
> incomplete a不完整的;不完全的
> keep doing sth 继续做某事
> pour v倾泻
> fumes n烟;气
译文:就像吸烟问题一
样, 现在来自多方面的声音坚持认为, 关千
全球变暖的科学研究并不完善,在我们有确定结论之前, 继续向空
气中排放废气是可行的。
11. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is
in, it may be too late.
□
> dangerous a危险的;有威胁的
> percent n百分之..;部分
第18页一
译文:这是 场危险的游戏:等我们获得百分之百的证据时, 可能
为时已晚。
12. With the risks obvious and growing(独立主格作状语),a prudent
people(主语)would take out(谓语)an insurance policy(宾语)now
口词汇:
I
> risk n危险, 风险
> obvious a明显的;易理解的
a增加的;增强的
> growing
a谨慎的;精明的
> prudent
n保险;保障措施
> insurance
译文:随着风险日益明显且不断加剧,谨慎的民族现在就应该准
备
防范政策。
400旬20篇真题阅读逐旬精讲2005年Text2第4段
@Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention叨But it's obvious that a majority of
the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. @Instead of a plan of action,
they continue to press for more research-a classic case of "paralysis by analysis."
13. Fortunately, th� �bite House(主语)is starting(谓语)to pay
attention(宾语).
> fortunately
ad幸运地;交好运地;吉利地
注意;重视
> pay attention
译文:幸运的是, 自宫开始关注这 一 问题。
第19页14. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers(主语)
still don't take(谓语)global warming(宾语)seriously
> majority n大部分;大多数
> adviser n顾问;提供意见者
> take sth seriously 认真对待某事
译文:但很明显, 大多数总统顾问仍然没有认真对待全球变暖问
题。
15 Instead of a plan of action, they(主语)continue to press for(谓语)
"
more research(宾语)-a classic case of "paralysis by analysis
> instead of 而不是
> continue v持续;继续存在;不断发生
> press v 压;挤;敦促;劝说 n 出版社;报刊
一
> classic a最优秀的;第 流的;有代表性的
n名著,杰作
> case n具体情况;案例;病例;事实
> paralysis n麻痹;瘫痪
> analysis n分析, 分析结果
译文:他们没有制定行动计划,反而继续敦促进行更多的研究—
“ "
这是典型的 分析导致瘫痪 案例。
400句20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Text2第5段
@To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmosph and
oceanic research.@But research alone is inadequate.@If the Administration won't take the
legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.@A bill
by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives
for private industry, is a promising start 酗Many see that the country is getting ready to build
lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the
atmosphere,it is c ucial that those new plants be envirorunentally sound
「
第20页16. To serve as responsible stewards (of the planet), we(主语)must
press forward on(谓语)deeper atmospheric and oceanic research(宾
语).
口询汇:
> serve v提供;服务;任职;起作用
> steward n管理者;负责人;男服务员(stewardess女服务员)
> planet n行星;地球(the planet)
> oceanic a海洋的;大海的;与海洋有关的
译文:为了履行好地球管理者的责任,我们必须抓紧推进对大气和
海洋更深层的研究。
17. But research(主)alone is(系)inadequate(表).
> alone ad独自;仅仅;a独自的;单 一的
> inadequate a不充分的;不胜任的
译文:但是,仅有研究是不够的。
18. If the Administration(主语)won't take(谓语)the legislative
initiative(宾语)C, ongress(主语)should help to begin(谓语)fashioning
conservation measures(宾语).
> administration n管理,行政;施行
> legislative initiative 立法创议权
> congress n代表大会;国会,议会
> fashion n流行款式;时尚;v制作
> conservation n保护;节约
> measure n措施;衡量
第21页译文:如果政府不采取立法创议权,那么国会就应该帮助开始制
一
定 些保护措施。
19 A bill(主语)(by Democratic Senator) (Robert Byrd) (of West
Virginia), which would offer financial incentives (for private
industry), is(谓语)a promising start(宾语).
账单;法案
> bill n
> democratic a民主的
参议员
> senator n
财政的;金融的
> financial a
激励;刺激
> incentive n
为某人提供某物
> offer sth for sb
私有的
> private a
工业;行业;勤奋
> industry n
有希望的;有前途的
> prom1s1ng a
译文:西弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员罗伯特·伯德
(Robert Byrd)
一 一
提出 项议案,提议为私营企业提供财政激励,这是 个充满希
望的开端。
20.Many(主语)see(谓语)[that the country(主语)is getting ready
to build(谓语)lots of new power plants(宾语)to meet our energy
needs(目的状语)][宾语从旬]
n控制力;统治;电力供应
> power
n植物;发电厂;工厂
> plant
发电厂
> power plant
译文:许多人发现这个国家正在准备修建许多新的发电厂,来满
足我们对能源的需求。
第22页21.If we(主语)are ever going to protect(谓语)the atmosphere(宾
语),it(主)is(系)crucial(表)that those new plants(主)be(系)
enviromnentally sound(表).
> crucial a至关重要的;决定性的
> sound a完好的;健康的;合理的;明智的;正确的
译文:如果我们想要保护大气层, 那么关键是这些新发电厂不会
对环境造成负面影响。
400句20篇阅读真题逐句精讲2005年Text3第1段
Q)Ofa ll the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control
�In drcams, a window opens into a world wherc logic is suspended and dead people speak
@A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that drcams werc the disguised
shadows ofo ur unconscious desircs and fcars;by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to
thinking of them as just "mental noisc"-the random byproducts oft he ncural-rcpair work that
gocs on during slccp. @Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional
thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-linc." @And onc leading authority says
that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought
under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.@ "It's your dream, " says Rosalind
Cartwright,chair ofp sychology at Chicago's Medical Center.(J)"Ifyou don't like it,change it."
1. (Of all the components) (ofa good night's sleep), dreams(主)seem
to be(系)least(表)(within our control)
> seem to be 似乎是;好像是
> component n组成部分;成分;部件
> least ad最小地;最少地;最低程度地
> control n限制;控制权;控制(或操纵)能力
v控制;限制;抑制
译文:在构成
一夜高质量睡眠的所有因素中,梦似乎是最不受我
们控制的。
第23页2. In dreams, a window(主语)opens into(谓语)a world(宾语)(where
logic is suspended and dead people speak)(定语从旬)
> open into 通向;通往
> logic n逻辑;思维方式;逻辑学
> suspend v暂停, 中止;推迟;悬;挂
> dead a死的;过时的;用完了的;死气沉沉的
一 一
译文:在梦中, 有 扇窗户通向 个逻辑暂时不起作用并且死人也
开始说话的世界。
3.A century ago, Freud(主语)formulated(谓语)his revolutionary
theory(宾语)[that dreams(主语)were(谓语)the disguised
shadows(宾语)of our unconscious desires and fears(介词短语作后
置定语修饰shadows),][同位语从旬解释说明theory] by the late
1970s, neurologists(主语)had switched to(谓语)thinking of them as
just "mental noise”(宾语)-the random ·byproducts(同位语)of the
neural-repair work(介词短语作后置定语修饰byproducts) that(主
语,指代work) goes on(谓语)during, sleep(介词短语作时间状语)
> century n世纪;一百年
> formulate v制定,规划;认真阐述
> revolutionary a革命的;革命性的, 突破性的
> theory n理论;学说;看法
> disguise v装扮;伪装;掩饰
> shadow n阴影;影子;背光处
> the late 1970s 20世纪70年代末
> unconscious a无知觉的;无意识的
> desire n愿望;欲望;渴望
> fear n害怕;担忧
> neurologist n神经病学家
第24页> switch v (使)改变,转变;打开;关闭
> think of A as B 认为A是B
> mental a思想的;精神的;思考的;智力的
> random a随机的,随意的
> byproduct n副产品
> neural a神经的,神经系统的
> repair n修理;修补;修缮
译文: 一 个世纪前,弗洛伊德(Freud)提出了他的革命性埋
论,即梦是在我们无意识中欲望和恐惧所伪装的影子;到了20世
“ ”
纪70年代末,神经学家转而将梦看作仅仅是 精神噪音 — 睡眠
中持续进行的神经修复工作随机产生的副产品。
4.Now researchers(主语)suspect(宾语)[that dreams(主)are(系)
part(表)ofthe mind's emotional thermostat(介词短语作后置定语
修饰part), regulating moods while the brain is "off-line."
□
> suspect v猜想;认为
> mind n头脑,大脑;思维方式
> emotional a情感的,情绪的
> thermostat n温度自动调节器;恒温器
> regulate v调节,调整;控制,管理
> mood n情绪;心情;气氛;氛围
> brain n脑;智力;脑力;聪明的人
> off-line a离线的;脱机的
一
译文:现在,研究人员认为,梦是大脑情绪恒温器的 部分,当
" ”
大脑处千 脱机 状态时负责调节情绪。
第25页5. And one leading authority(主语)says(谓语)[that these intensely
powerful mortal events(主语)can be(谓语)not only harnessed but
actually brought under conscious control(宾语),to help us sleep
and feel better(to do不定式作目的状语)
.
口 洞汇:
> leading a主要的最重要的; 一 流的;领先的
> authority n专家,权威人士;当局;权力
> intensely ad非常;极其;强烈地
> powerful a有影响力的;强有力的;健壮的
> event n活动;(尤指特殊、 重大)事件
> harness v控制;利用
> actually ad实际上,事实上;的确;竟然
> conscious a意识到的;有意识的;有意的
> bring sth. under control 控制得住,抑制得住(不造成损害)
一
译文: 名主要的权威人士表示,梦这种极其强大的精神活动不
仅可以被利用,还能在实际中被有意识地控制,以帮助我们睡
眠,并感觉更好。
6-7. "It's your dream,"(宾语从句)says(谓语)Rosalind
Cartwright(主语),(chair of psychology) (at Chicago's Medical
Center). "If you don't like it,change it."
□
> chair n( 大学的)系主任;椅子;主席
> psychology n心理学;心理特征;心理影响
> medical a医学的;医疗的;内科的
> center n中心;中心区;中间派
> change v改变;(使)变换;变更;更换
n改变;变革;替代
译文:芝加哥医学中心心理部主任罗莎琳德·卡特赖特
(Rosalind Cartwright)说: “这是你的梦。 ” “如果你不喜欢
它,那就改变它。 ”
第26页400旬20篇阅读真题逐句精讲2005年Text3第2段
®Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. @The brain is as active during REM (rapid
eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric
Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. @)But not all parts of the brain are equally
involved;the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal
cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. @"We wake up from dreams
happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day, " says Stanford sleep research
Dr.William Dement
8. Evidence(主语)from brain imaging(介词短语作后置定语修饰
evidence) supports(谓语)this view(宾语)
> evidence n证明;证据
.
> 1mag1ng n成像
> support v证实;支持;赡养;资助
> view n看法;视野;风景;方式
译文:脑成像的证据证实了这一观点。
9.[The brain(主)is(系)as active(表)during REN(rapid eye
movement) sleep(介词短语作状语)-when most vivid dreams occur-as
s(省略active) (when fully awake)][宾语从句],says(谓语)Dr.Eric
如
Nofzinger(主语)at the University of Pittsburgh.
> active a活跃的;积极的;起作用的
> rapid a快速的;瞬间的
> movement n运动;活动;移动;进展
> vivid a生动的;逼真的
> occur v发生, 出现;存在千, 出现在
> fully ad完全地,充分地;整整,足足
> awake a醒着的
第27页译文:匹兹堡大学的埃里克·诺夫辛格(Frie Nofzinger)博士说,在
快速眼动睡眠期问,人们的梦境最为生动真实,此时大脑与完全清
一
醒时 样活跃。
10. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system
(the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex
(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet
> equally ad同样地;平均地;相等地
> involved a参与的;作为 一 部分的;有关联的
> limbic a边缘的(limb肢;翅膀;树枝)
> system n (器官)系统;系统;体制
> especially ad尤其,特别;专门;非常
> prefrontal a前倾的;额叶前倾的
> cortex n皮层;皮质;(尤指)大脑皮层
> intellect n智力,思维能力;智力高的人
> reasoning n推理;理性的观点;论证
> relatively ad相当程度上;相当地;相对地
一 “
译文:但并非大脑的所有部分都 样活跃;大脑边缘系统( 大脑
”
的情绪部分 )异常活跃,而前额皮层(智力和推理的中心)则相
对平静。
11. ["We(主语)wake up(谓语)(from dreams) happy or depressed(主
”
补),and those feelings(主语)can stay(谓语)(with us) (all day) ,][宾语
从句]says(谓语)Stanford sleep researcher(主语)Dr.William
Dement(同位语).
口词汇:,
> wake up 醒来;叫醒
> depressed a沮丧的;意志消沉的;萧条的
> feeling n情感;感觉;知觉;意见
> stay v停留;待;保持;暂住
第28页译文: 斯坦福大学睡眠研究员威廉·德门特(William Dement)博
士说: “我们从梦中醒来, 此时无论是感觉高兴还是沮丧, 这些情
绪都可能会伴随我们一整天。 ”
400旬20篇阅读真题逐旬精讲2005年Text3第3段
@The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic
@Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier
ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated
during the day. @Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think
about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream
12.The link(主语) between dreams and emotions(介词短语作后置定
语修饰link) shows up(谓语)(among the patients) (in Cartwright's
clinic).
> show up 显露;显现出来;出现;露面
> link n联系;连接;纽带;链接
> emotion n情绪;强烈的感情;情感
> patient n病人
> clinic n诊所;门诊部;门诊时间;临床实习
译文:梦和情绪之问的联系在卡特赖特诊所的病人身上显现出来。
13.Most people(主语) seem to have(谓语)more bad dreams(宾语)
(early) (in the night), progressing toward happier ones(才旨代dreams)
(before awakening), suggesting that they(主语) are working
through(谓语) negative feelings(宾语) generated(过去分词作后置
定语修饰negative feelings) (during the day)
第29页> seem to do sth. 似乎做某事;好像做某事
> work through 调整(情绪);解决(问题)
> early ad在早期;先前;提前
> progress v进步,进展;前进
> awaken v (使)醒来;唤起
> suggest v表明;建议;推荐;暗示
> negative a消极的;有害的;否定的
> generate v产生;引起
译文:大多数人似乎在前半夜做更多不好的梦,在醒来之前逐渐做
些比较开心的梦,这表明这些梦正在化解自天产生的负面情绪。
14. [Because our conscious mind(主语)is occupied with(谓语)daily
life(宾语)][原因状语从句]we(主语)don't always think about(谓语)
the emotional significance(宾语)of the day's events(介词短语作后
置定语修饰signigicance)- until, it appears, we begin to dream
> think about 思考,想;认为,以为
> mind n头脑,大脑;思维方式
> occupy v占用;占领;使忙千
> daily a每日的,日常的;按日的
> significance n重要性,意义;含义
> appear v出现;起源;似乎;出版
译文:因为我们有意识的大脑被日常生活琐事所占据,所以我们并
不总是思考臼天发生的事情的情感意义,直到我们开始做梦,这种
意义才会出现。
第30页400旬20篇阅读真题逐旬精讲2005年Text3第4段
@And this process need not be left to the unconscious.@Cartwright believes one can exercise
conscious control over recurring bad dreams. @ As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting
about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs,try to wake
up just enough to control its course.@With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in
their sleep
15.And this process(主语) need not be left(谓语)(to the unconscious)
> process n过程;步骤;工序
> need modal verb需要v需要;有必要做n需要;缺乏
> leave v留下;离开;委托;让处千
> leave A to B 把A留给B
译文:而且,该过程并不一定是无意识的。
16. Cartwright(主语)believes(谓语) [one(主语) can exercise(谓语)
conscious control(宾语)(over recurring bad dreams).
□
> exercise v运用;行使;运动,锻炼
> recur v再发生;反复出现
译文:卡特赖特认为, 人们可以有意识地控制反复出现的匮梦。
17. As soon as you awaken,identify(谓语)[what is upsetting (about the
dream)][宾语从句].
口
> as soon as 一就 (引导时间状语从旬)
> identify v确认;认出;发现
> upsetting
a令人不快(或忧虑、 苦恼)的
一
译文: 醒来, 就马上弄清楚梦中让你心烦的是什么。
第31页18. Visualize [how you(主语)would like(谓语)it(宾语)to end(宾补)
instead][宾语从旬];the next time it occurs,(try to wake up)(just
enough) (to control its course).
> visualize v想象;使形象化;构思;设想
> end v终止n结束;结尾;目标
> instead ad代替;顶替;反而;却
> course n进程;课程;方针
> try to do sth. 尽力做某事;设法做某事
一
译文:相反, 想象 下你希望它怎样结束;下次再梦到的时候,尽
量及时让自己醒来, 以控制它的进程。
19. (With much practice) people(主语)can learn(谓语)to, (literally),
do it(宾语)(in their sleep)
口词汇:
> practice n实践;惯例;训练;习惯
> literally ad真正地, 确实地,按字面;字面上
> learn to do sth.学着去做某事
译文:通过大量的练习,人们确实可以学会在睡梦中实现这种控制
400旬20篇阅读真题逐旬精讲2005年Text3第5段
吵Atthe end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams al all unless
they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a pariic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic
uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's arixiety. Those suffering
from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its
ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the
morning.
第32页20.[At the end of the day, there's probably(谓语)little reason(主语)to
pay attention to our dreams at all(to do不定式作后置定语)unless
they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic,"][宾语从句]
Cartwright(主语)says(谓语)
> pay attention to sth. 注意;重视…
> keep sb. from doing... 阻止(或阻碍)某人做…
> probably ad儿乎肯定;很可能;大概
> panic n恐慌;惊慌;人心惶惶的局面
一
译文:卡特赖特说, 天结束时, 我们可能根本没有理由去关注自
“ ”
己的梦,除非这些梦让我们无法入睡或 在恐慌中醒来 。
21.Terrorism,economic,uncertainties and general feelings(主语)of
insecurity(介词短语作后置定语)have increased(谓语)people's
anxiety(宾语).
> terrorism n恐怖主义
> economic a经济的;经济上的;有利可图的
> uncertainty n犹豫, 无把握;拿不定的事
> general a普遍的;大体的;整体的; 一 般的
> insecurity n不安全;无把握;不牢靠
> increase v (使)增长, 增多;增加
> anxiety n焦虑;担心
译文:恐怖主义、 经济的不稳定和普遍的不安全感加剧了人们的焦
虑。
第33页22. Those(主语)suffering from persistent nightmares(现在分词作后
置定语修饰those) should seek(谓语)help(宾语)from a therapist(介
词短语作后置定语修饰help)
口询汇:..,
> suffer from
遭受;患病;受之苦
> persistent a持续的;反复出现的;执著的
> nightmare
n噩梦;梦魔;难以处理之事
> seek
v寻找;谋求;争取;试图
> therapist
n治疗专家
译文:那些经常做噩梦的人应该寻求治疗专家的帮助。
23. (For the rest ofus), the brain has its ways of working through
bad feelings(介词短语作后置定语修饰ways).
口词汇:
> rest n剩余部分;其余的人(事物) ;休息时问
> way n方式, 方法;作风;道路
译文:对千其他人来说, 大脑有化解不良情绪的方式。
24. Sleep- or rather dream- on it and you'll feel better in the morning
> rather ad更确切地讲;而是;相当;稍微
一
译文:带着不良情绪睡 觉, 或者更确切地说是做个梦, 早上你会
感觉好多了。
第34页400旬20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Text4第1段
句Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in wr山ng,tocommand the
English language with sk仆I and gift.(2)Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. @In his
latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We
Should,Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views,sees the triumph of 1960s counter- culture as responsible for the decline of
formal English
1-2.Americans(主语)no longer expect(谓语)public figures(宾
语),whethe (in speech) or (in wr山ng),to command the English
language(宾补)(with sk
仆
1 and gift).N or do they(主语)aspire to(谓语)
such command(宾语)themselves.
> no longer 不再
> expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事
> public figure 公众人物
> whether...or... 无论还是…
> command v控制;指挥;命令;精通
> skill n技巧,技艺;技能
> gift n天赋;才能;礼物
> nor con」也不(通常与neither连用)
> aspire v渴望;有志千
译文:无论是在演讲中还是写作中, 美国人都不再期望公众人物能
娴熟地运用技巧和天赋来驾驭英语。 而公众人物自身也没有这种渴
望。
3.(In his latest book),Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of
Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John
MeWhorter(主语),a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views,sees(谓语)the triumph(宾语)of 1960s counter
culture(介词短语作后置定语修饰triumph) as responsible for the
decline(宾补)of formal English(介词短语作后置定语修饰decline)
第35页> latest a最近的;最新的
> degradation n毁坏;恶化(过程) ;堕落
> linguist n语言学家
> controversialist n争论者;善辩者
> mixed a混合的,混杂的
> liberal a.自由的;开明的;慷慨的
> conservative a保守的;守旧的
> see...a s... 将..视 为 ...
> triumph n伟大胜利;巨大成功; (胜利或成功的)喜悦
> counter-culture反文化
> responsible a作为原因的;有责任的;可信任的
> decline n衰落;减少;下降
> formal a正式的;正规的;庄重的
译文:约翰·麦克沃特(John Me Whorter)是一位语言学家,也是
一位持自由派与保守派混合观点的辩论家,在其最新著作«做我
们自己的事:语言和音乐的退化以及为什么我们应该、 喜欢或在
意〉〉中,麦克沃特认为,20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利是导致
正式英语衰落的原因。
400旬20篇真题阅读逐旬精讲2005年Text4第2段
@Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the
decline in education. @Mr.McWhorter's academic speciality is language histoiy and change,and
he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for cxample, to be natural and no more
regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English
4. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet
another criticism against the decline(介词短语作后置定语修饰
criticism) in education(介词短语作后置定语修饰decline)
第36页> blame v责怪;把归咎千
> permissive a放任的;纵容的
> be nothing new 不新鲜;不足为奇
一 一
> yet another (强调数量增加)另 ;又
> criticism n批评,批判;评论
译文:对放纵的20世纪60年代的指责并不是什么新鲜事,但这也
一
不是对教育衰落的又 次批判。
5.Mr.MeW horter's academic speciality(主)is(系)language history
and change(表),and he(主语)sees(谓语)the gradual
disappearance(宾语)of "whom”(介词短语作后置定语修饰
disappearance),for example,to be natural and no more regrettable
than the loss (of the case-endings) (of Old English)(宾补)
口词汇:
> academic a学术的;学业的
> speciality n专业;专长;特产
> gradual a逐渐的,渐进的
> disappearance n消失,失踪
> natural a自然的;正常的;天然的
> no more... (根本)不.
> regrettable a令人懊悔的;令人遗憾的
> case-ending n (语法)词根尾缀;变格词尾
译文:麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言变迁,他认为诸
“
如 whom"此类单词的逐渐消失是自然而然的,和古英语中词格
一
尾缀的消失 样没什么可惜。
第37页400旬20篇真题阅读逐旬精讲2005年Text4第3段
@But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing",has spelt the death of
formal speech,w r山ng,poetry and music. (/)While even the modestly educated sought an
elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the l 960s,even the most well regarded writing
since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.@ Equally,in poetry,the highly
personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. @In both oral and
written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft
6. But the cult(主语)of the authentic and the personal(介词短语作
”
后置定语修饰cult), "doing our own thing (同位语),has spelt(谓语)
the death(宾语)of formal speech, writing, poetry and music(介词短
语作后置定语修饰death)
> cult n狂热;崇拜
> authentic a真实的;真正的;真品的
> personal a个人的; 个性的;私人的
> spell v拼写;招致, 意味着(通常指坏事)
> poetry n诗歌;诗意
“ ”
译文:但是,对真实和个人的崇尚, 也就是 做自己的事 , 意味
着正式演讲、 写作、 诗歌和音乐的消亡。
7.While even the modestly educated(主语)sought(谓语)an elevated
tone(宾语)when they(主语)put(谓语)pen(宾语)(to paper) (before
the 1960s), even the most well regarded writing(主语)since then has
sought to capture(谓语)spoken English(宾语)(on the page)
> modestly ad适当地;谦逊地
> seek v寻求;寻找;争取
> elevated a高尚的;睿智的; 高贵的
> tone n风格;特色;语气
> capture v表达, 刻画;俘获
> spoken a口语的; 口头的
第38页译文:在20世纪60年代以前,即使是只受过普适教育的人在写东
一
西时也会寻求 种高雅的风格;但是,自那以后,即使是最受好评
的文章,也力求将英语口语呈现在写作之中。
8.Equally,(in poetry),the highly personal, performative genre(主)
is(系)the only form(表)[that(主语)could claim(谓语)real
liveliness(宾语)[] 定语从句.]
> equally ad同样;此外;平等地
> highly ad极其,非常;高级地
> performative a表述行为的;有表现力的
> genre n类型;体裁
> claim v获取;取得
> liveliness n活泼;热烈;鲜明
译文:同样,在诗歌中,高度个性化和富有表现力的写作流派是唯
一
可以体现真正活力的形式。
9. (In both oral and written English), talking(主语)is triumphing
over(谓语)speaking(宾语),spontaneity(主语)over(谓语)craft(宾
语)
> oral a口头的;口腔的
> written a书面的;成文的;正式的
> spontaneity n自发性;自然
> triumph over 战胜;击败
> craft n技巧;手艺;工艺
译文:无论是英语口语和书面语,随意交谈都胜过演讲,即兴发挥
胜过精心琢磨。
第39页400旬20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Text4第4段
咖lustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend
that Mr. MeWhorter documents is urunistakablc.@But it is less clear,to take the question of his
subtitle, why we should, like, care. @As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human
language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive- there
exists no language or dialect in the world tha cannot convey complex ideas.@)He is not
arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think stright because we do not talk proper
10. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples (from both high
and low culture),the trend [that Mr.McWhorter(主语)documents(谓
语)][定语从旬作后置定语修饰trend] is(系)unmistakable(表)
> illustrate V. (用示例、 图画等)说明,解释;加插图千
> entertaining a有趣的;使人愉快的;娱乐的
> array n大量;大批
> trend n趋势;动态
> document v记录, 记载n文件;文档
> urunistakable a确定无疑的;清楚明自的
一
译文:麦克沃特先生列举了 系列来自上层和下层文化的有趣例
子, 以证明他所记录的这种趋势是准确无误的。
11. But it is(系)less clear(表),to take the question of his subtitle(主
语),why we should, like, care(主语从句)
> subtitle n副标题;字幕
译文:但是, 就他的副标题所提出的问题而言, 也就是我们为什
么应该、 喜欢或在意, 答案就不那么明确了。
第40页12. As a linguist, he(主语)acknowledges(谓语)[that all varieties of
human language(主语),(including non-standard ones) (like Black
English),can be(谓语)powerfully expressive(宾语)][宾语从句]-
there exists(谓语)no language or dialect(主语)(in the world) [that
cannot convey complex ideas][定语从旬作后置定语]
> acknowledge v承认;认可
> variety n不同种类;多样化;品种
> non-standard a不标准的
> powerfully ad强大地;有力地;非常
> expressive a有表现力的;富千表情的
> exist v存在;实际上有;生存
> dialect n方言;土话
> convey v表达;传递;运输
> complex a复杂的;难懂的n建筑群
一
译文:作为 名语言学家, 麦克沃特承认人类的各种语言, 包括像
黑人英语这样的非标准语言, 都具有强大的表达能力 世界的任
何语言或方言都可以传达复杂的思想。
13.He(主语)is not arguing(谓语),as many do, that we can no longer
think straight (because we do not talk proper).
> argue v表明;论证;争论
> straight ad正确地;清楚地;平正地
> proper ad正确地;得体地;完全地
一
译文:和许多人不 样, 麦克沃特并不认为我们说话的方式不规
范, 我们就不再能准确思考。
第41页400旬20篇真题阅读逐句精讲2005年Text4第5段
吵Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry
in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to
most English-speakers.@Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly
necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms he is really grieving over the loss of
something beautiful more than useful.@)We now take our English"on paper plates instead of
china".@A shame, perhaps,but probably an inevitable one
14.Russians(主语)have(谓语)a deep love(宾语)(for their own
language) and carry(谓语)large chunks of memorized poetry(宾语)
(in their heads), while Italian politicians(主语)tend to elaborate(谓语)
speech(宾语)[that would seem old-fashioned][定语从句修饰speech]
(to most English-speakers).
> Russian n俄国人;俄语a俄国的
> carry...in one's head 能记住.
> chunk n相当大的量;大段;大块
> memorize v记住,记忆
> politician n政客;政治家
> elaborate v精心制作;详细说明
> old-fashioned a过时的;陈旧的;保守的
译文:俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言, 他们的脑海里记忆了大量的诗
歌;而意大利的政客们往往精心打磨演讲稿,尽管演讲稿的内容在
大多数讲英语的人看来已经过时了。
15.Mr.Mc Whortcr(主语)acknowledges(谓语)[that formal
language(主)is(系)not strictly necessary(表)a, nd proposes(谓语)no
radical education reforms(宾语)][宾语从句]-he is really grieving over
the loss (of something beautiful more than useful)
第42页> strictly ad完全地;绝对地;严格地
> propose v建议;提议;打算
> radical a根本的;彻底的;激进的
> reform n改革,改良
> grieve v悲伤,悲痛;使悲伤
> beautiful a美好的;美丽的;出色的
> useful a实用的;受益的
译文:麦克沃特先生认为,正式语言并不是绝对必要的,也不建议
一
进行彻底的教育改革 他实际上是在为失去的 些美好而不那么
实用的事物而叹息。
”
16-17. We(主语)now take(谓语)our English(宾语) (on paper
plates) (instead of china)". A shame,perhaps, but(省略it is) probably
an inevitable one.
> plate n盘子,碟子;板材
> china n瓷器;瓷
> shame n让人遗憾的事;惭愧
> probably ad大概;很可能
> inevitable a不可避免的;必然发生的;惯常的
“ ”
译文:我们现在把英语 放在纸盘子里,而不是瓷盘子里 。 这或
一
许是 种遗憾,但或许亦是不可避免的。
第43页