文档内容
The Third Period
●从容说课
According to the contents based on the new course standard，senior students are
required to understand the function of grammar and can use it freely.Gradually contact and
understand complex language phenomena so that students may have the ability to
summarize、analyze and explain.This is the third period of this unit.In this period，we
mainly deal with the changes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.In order to make
students grasp it well，I think it is necessary to give them more practice and encourage
them to find out the problems of grammar by themselves.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
words/phrases：Germans，with so many clothes on
2.Ability：
Use learned knowledge to interchange direct speech and indirect speechcorrectly and
freely.
3.Emotion：
Cultivate the spirit of cooperation，self-teaching，and self-exploring.
●教学重点
Master the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech in the declarative
sentences and interrogative sentences.
●教学难点
Master the changes of the pronouns，tenses，adverbials in the interchanges of direct
speech and indirect speech.
●教具准备
a computer connected to the internet，a project，a blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
reet the whole class as usual.
Step 2
T：Now I want you to translate two sentences into English.Listen carefully.“我喜欢交
朋友”，the second one “妈妈， 你看见我的笔记本了吗？”Now how to translate the
two sentences？Who wants to try？Yeah，Alice，you try，please.The first one.
S：I like making friends.
T：Good，sit down，please.Alice said，“I like making friends”（Bb：Alice said，“I like
making friends.”）
The second one.Who wants to try？OK，David，you try，please.
S：Mum，have you seen my notebook？（Bb：David asked，“Mom，have you seen my
notebook.”）
T：Now look at the blackboard.If we report what Alice and David said to someone
else，how to do it？
T and Ss：Alice said that she liked making friends.
1David asked his mum if she had seen his notebook.（Bb：Write them on the
blackboard.）
T：Yes.Let’s come to our text.Read the sentences in exercise 1 of discovering
structures.Later I’ll ask you to tell me what you’ve discovered.Now，who can tell me？
S：We should pay attention to the changes of tenses.Look at the underlined words.
1
S ：We should pay more attention to the second sentence.In direct speech，it’s a
2
general question.But in indirect speech，we should use if or whether to introduce object
clause besides the change of verb.
S：If it is a special question in direct speech，we should use the original interrogative
3
in indirect speech.
T：Wonderful!Now I’ll give you brief explanation of “Direct Speech and Indirect
Speech”（1）：Statements & Questions
☆You use Direct Speech when you want to show the exact words someone said or
wrote.Use quotation marks to show that you report the exact words a person used and a
reporting clause to include information about the speak and the situation.e.g.“I had a
great time at the picnic，” she told her mum.（direct speech）（reporting clause）
☆The reporting clause may come before，within，or after the direct speech.When the
reporting clause comes after the direct speech，the order of the subject and the verb may
be changed，e.g.Jane said/said Jane.This typically happens when the reporting clause is
within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.e.g.Jane said，“I’ve got a
new e-pal.He is from German.”
“I’ve got a new pal.He is from Germany，” Jane said/said Jane/she said.
Use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.
When you change a sentence from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech，you sometimes
need to change the verb tense.You may also need to change pronouns in order to keep
the same meaning.
DIRECT SPEECH←→INDIRECT SPEECH
Present Past
Past past or past perfect
Present perfect past perfect
Past perfect past perfect
e.g.“Did you get e-mails from your friends？” she asked.→
She asked if I had got e-mails from my friends.
When you use Indirect Speech to report what someone said，you can sometimes
change the exact words without changing what the speaker actually said.
e.g.Wilson said，“How long have we been in his place？”→
Wilson asked how long you had been here.
T：Next，let’s do some exercises.Look at Part 2.Change the following direct speech
into indirect speech and indirect into direct.First do it by yourselves.Then discuss it in
pairs.Finally I’ll show you the answers.（After students do it，teacher shows the following
on the screen.）
Suggested answers：
1.Anne said that she was going to hide from the Germans.
2.Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home.
23.She said she couldn’t ask her father because it was not safe to know.
4.The girl said she had had to pick up her things very quickly.
5.Dad asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.
6.“Are you hot with so many clothes on” Mum asked.
7.“What else did you get？” Margot asked her.
8.“When will we go back home？” Anne asked.
9.“How can you see your friends？” Anne asked.
10.“Why did you go out last night？” Mother asked Anne.
T：You did a good job.In fact，we should pay attention to some special cases.In the
interchanges of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech，it is not necessary for us to change
“here，come，yesterday and so on” into “there，go，the day before” if we are at that
given time and place.Of course，if the content in Direct Speech is objective truth，it is
also not necessary to change tenses in Indirect Speech.For example：She said to the
children，“The earth moves around the sun.”→She told the children that the earth moves
round the sun.As to this，you should remember.Is that clear？
Ss：Yes.
Step 3
T：OK.Let’s deal with using structures on page 42.Retell the story to consolidate the
grammar.After a while，I will ask some of you to report your story.Let’s see who can do
the best.
Step 4
T：Thank you for your report!Now play the game on page 43.Make up a dialogue in
groups of three.
S：A：Who was waiting for them there？
1
B：What did he or she said？
C：He or she asked who was waiting for them there.
S：
2
Step 5
T：You did a good job.I show you two letters to see how well you understand this
grammar.Change them into Indirect speech.
Letter 1：
Dear Bassanio，
My friend，my ships are all lost at sea and now I have to pay Shylock with a pound
of my flesh according to our agreement.Since paying him will cost me my life，I wish to
see you before I die.If you love me not enough to lead you here，forget about the letter.
Yours，
Antonio
Letter 2：
Sir，
I am very ill.When your letter reached me，I had with me a learned young doctor
from Rome.I told him about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio.We studied many
law books and he knows what I would say.I ask you to let him stand in my place and
pass judgement.He is young，but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.
Yours，
3Doctor Bellario
T：Are you ready？Let’s check the answers with the whole class.
Answers：Letter 1：
Bassabio received a letter from Antonio.In the letter，Antonio said that his ships were
all at sea and he had to pay Shylock with a pound of his flesh according to their
agreement.Since paying Shylock would cost him his life，he wished to see Bassanio before
he died.He said if Bassanio，s love for him was not enough to lead him there，Bassanio
should forget about the letter.
Letter 2：
Dpoctor Bellario wrote in his letter that he was very ill and he had been with a
learned young doctor from Rome when this letter reached him.He had told the young
doctor about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio.They had studied many law books
and the young doctor knew what he would say.So Bellariop asked the Duck to let the
young man stand in his place and give judgement.He also told the Duke in his letter he
had never known so young a body with so wise a head.
T：Summary and homework
OK.In this class，we’ve learned Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.After class，review
the content，and remember the rules of changes the interchanges of Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech.Any question？
S：I am not clear about the phrase “with so many clothes on”.
1
T：Note the following structure：
（1）She left the office with tears in her eyes.
（2）The murder was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
（3）With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected president is having a
hard time.
（4）Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.
Translation：
（1）____________（由那个男孩带路），we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
（2）Jessica was standing by the window，____________（手里拿着一封信）.
（3）____________（钥匙丢了），Anna had to wait until her husband came home.
（4）____________（因为有约翰帮助），we are sure to finish the work ahead of time.
（5）The old man lay in bed，unable to speak，____________（眼闭着嘴张着）.
Answers：
（1）with the boy leading the way
（2）with a letter in her hand
（3）With the key lost
（4）With John to help us
（5）with his eyes closed and mouth open
●板书设计
Unit 1 Friendship
The Third Period
with so many clothes on
（1）She left the office with tears in her eyes.
（2）The murder was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
4（3）With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected presidentis having a
hard time.
（4）Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.
●活动与探究
Let students summarize the rules of the grammar by themselves.The purpose is to
cultivate their ability to make up a summary.Divide them into several groups.
After doing that，students form groups again to help each other.
●备课资料
1.
直接引语（变化前） 间接引语（变化后）
陈述句 that引导的宾语从句
Jane said，“I’m very fond of traveling.” Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.
一般疑问句 whether/if引导的宾语从句
“Is this your umbrella，Mary？”asked John. John asked Marry if that was her umbrella.
特殊疑问句 wh-词引导的宾语从句
“ Marry ， when will you return me the John asked Marry when she would return him the
book？”asked John. book.
祈使句 不定式
The officer said to him，“Don’t leave your post.” The officer ordered him not to leave his post.
Let’s 开头的祈使句 that引导的宾语从句
I said to him，“Let’s start at once.” I suggested to him that we（should）start at once.
that/what/how引导的宾语从句
感叹句
He said that he was very happy.
He said：“How happy I am!”
He said how happy he was.
直接引语 间接引语
this that/this
these those/these
now then
ago before
today that day/today/yesterday
tomorrow （the）next day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
yesterday the day before
last night the night before
the day before yesterday two days before
go come/go
bring bring/take
here there/here
直接引语（变化前） 间接引语（变化后）
主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时 从句动词时态不变
She often says，“All men and women are equal She often says the all men and women are equal
under the law.” under the law.
“You did very well，” I have just told Tom. I have just told Tom that the did very well.
引语动词为： 从句动词变为：
一般现在时“I know it，”he said. 一般过去时He said that he knew it.
主 从
句 现在进行时“I’m making coffee for you 句 过去进行时She said she was making coffee
动 all，”she said. 动 for us all.
词 现在完成时“I have seen her before，”said 词 过去完成时He said he had seen her before.
为 时
he.
一 态
现在完成进行时He said，“I have been 过去完成进行时He said he had been doing
般 相
doing it for hours.” it for hours.
过 应
去 一般过去时“I saw her last Monday，”he 变 过去完成时 He said he had seen her the
时 said. 化 previous Monday.
过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim，”she 过去完成进行时 She said she had been
said. waiting for Jim.
5过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill 过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had
in bed for many days till he died？”Jack been ill in bed for many days till he died.
asked.
一般将来时He said：“We shall start 过去将来时 He said they would start the
tomorrow.” next day.
2.Change the following passage into dialogues.
Bassanio told Antonio that he was in love with Portia，a rich and beautiful lady，and
that she also loved him.He also told Antonio that he could ask Portia to marry him
because he had no many.He asked Antonia if he could lend him three thousand
ducats.Antonio told him that all his ships were at sea and he had no money at present.
They went to Shylock to borrow the money.Shylock didn’t like Antonio，who had
many times told others about his greed and cruelty.However，he agreed to lend Antonio
the money on one condition.He would have the right to have a pound of Aantonio’s flesh
to be cut off from any part of his body if he did not pay the money back at the end of
three months.Aantonio said that he would accept these terms.Bassanio tried to keep
Antonio from accepting them，but Antonio treated them as a joke and said he would not
refuse Shylock’s offer and would sign the agreement.
Dialogue：
B：Aantonio，my friend.I am in love with a rich and beautiful lady，whose name is
Portia.
A：Does she love you？
B：Yes，she loves me.Or at least I think so.
A：Have you asked her to marry you？
B：I wanted to，but I can’t.
A：Why not？
B：Because I have no money.
A：If that is your only problem.I can help you.How much do you need？
B：I would be very grateful if you can lend me 3000 ducats.
A：I’d be happy to help you，but all my ships are at sea and I have no money at
present.But don’t worry，I’ll find a way to solve this problem.
B：Oh，you are such a kind man.Thank you very much.
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