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Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？
第2课时 Section A (3a-4c)
1.重点单词的含义及用法：throw；neither；shirt；pass；borrow；lend；finger；
hate；while
重点词汇
2.重难短语：all the time；throw down；as…as；in surprise；as soon as；hang
out；go to the movies
1.Could you please take the dog for a walk?
2.She didn’t do any housework and neither did I.
重点句型 3.She asked in surprise.
4.I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and
comfortable home.
1.学生能掌握并且使用所学新词和句型来表达日常生活中的琐事。
2.通过学习让学生受到爱的教育，爱父母，爱家庭，爱劳动，主动帮助父母承担家
技能目标 务。
3.在人际交往中学会礼貌用语，学会委婉的表达自己对事情的看法，做一个有修养
的好孩子。
重难单词默写与词性变换
1.扔；掷 v. throw →过去式： threw
2. 也不 adv. neithe r
3. 衬衫 n. shir t
4. 给；递；走过；通过 v. pas s
5. 借；借用 v. borrow
6. 借给；借出 v. len d →过去式： len t
7. 手指 n. finge r
8. 厌恶；讨厌 v. hat e
9. 与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而conj. whil e
经典短语默写：
1. 生某人的气 b e angr y wit h sb .
2. 扔下 throw dow n3. 在……前面 i n fron t o f
4. 过来；顺便拜访 com e ove r
5. 频繁；反复 al l th e tim e
6. 帮助解决 hel p ou t
7. 惊讶地 i n surpris e
8. 闲逛 han g ou t
9. 一……就 a s soo n a s
10. 去看电影 g o t o th e movie s
经典句型过关：
1.我扔下我的书包，去了起居室。
I threw dow n my bag and I went to the living room.
2.在—周时间里，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。
For one week, she did not do any housework and neithe r di d I.
3.当你帮我洗碗的时候,我会完成家庭作业。
I’ll finish my homework whil e you hel p me with/d o the dishes.
4.你能去遛遛狗吗？
Could you please tak e the dog fo r a walk?
5.她惊讶地问。
She asked i n surpris e .1. I threw down my bag and I went to the living room. 我扔下我的书包，去了起居室。
▲throw相关用法
throw-threw-thrown v.投， 掷，抛， 扔
用作及物动词，throw sb. sth.=throw sth. to sb.扔给某人某物。
例：
She threw me a towel.=She threw a towel to me. 她扔给我一块毛巾。
【拓展】
throw的其他常见短语：
throw away 扔掉；丢弃 throw to 投给……（不含有恶意） throw down 扔下
throw at 向……扔（恶意，带攻击性 ）
例：
You should throw away those old newspapers. 你应该扔掉那些旧报纸。
He threw a ball to the dog. 他扔了一个球给这条狗。
Someone threw a stone at the car. 有人朝着这辆车扔石头。
She threw down her bag and lay on the sofa. 她扔下她的包，躺在沙发上。
牛刀小试
1．请扔掉这些垃圾。
Please the waste.
【答案】 throw away
2．他扔下包就跳到河里去救那个男孩。
He his bag and jumped into the river to save that boy.
【答案】 threw down
2.For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 在—周时间里，她没有做任何家务，
我也没有做。
▲neither相关用法
“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示上句否定的情况也适合于后者。“Neither +助动词/情态动
词/系动词+主语I”相当于Me neither。
例：
—They didn’t watch TV yesterday.他们昨天没有看电视。
—Me neither./ Neither did I.我也没看。
（1）“so+助动词/系动词（be)/情态动词+主语”表示后面的主语“亦如此，也同样”，说明前面的情况同
样也适用于后面。前面的主语和后面的主语不是同一个人/物。
例：
You can swim. So can I.你会游泳。我也会。（2）“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”意为“正是那样，确实如此”，表示肯定上面的观点，前面的
主语和后面的主语是同一个人/物。
例：
You think she is from China. So she is.你认为她是中国人。她的确是。
（3）neither也不，两者都不。固定搭配neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”，此短语常连接两个并
列主语，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。其反义词是 both，意为“两者都”，所修饰的名词用复数形式。
either意为“两者任选”，作形容词时，所修饰的名词用单数。
例：
Neither you nor I am an actor.=Neither I nor you are an actor.你和我都不是演员。
牛刀小试
1．—I will never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
—________.
A．Nor am I B．Neither will I C．Same with me D．So do I
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我再也不会来这家餐厅了。食物糟透了！——我也不来了。
考查倒装句。so/neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，当先陈述了一种情况后，表示这种情况也适用于
另一个人或事物时。其中so用于肯定陈述，neither用于否定陈述。从上句中“will never”可知用Neither
will I，故选B。
2．—Jim didn’t finish his homework. — ________.
A．Neither did Bob B．Neither Bob did C．So did Bob D．So Bob did
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——Jim没有完成作业。——Bob也没有。
考查倒装句。根据“Jim didn’t finish his homework”，可知，此处表示Bob也没有完成作业，当表示和上文
同样的情况时，用so+助动词+主语或neither+助动词+主语。上一句“didn't”是否定词，所以用neither引导
的倒装句，故选A。
3. Could you please pass me the salt? 你能把盐递给我吗?
▲pass相关用法
pass /pɑ:s/ v.给；递
pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
例： Pass me cola, please.=Pass cola to me, please.请把可乐递给我。
当直接宾语是代词时，只能使用pass sth.to sb.
例：
Pass it to Jenny.（正）把它递给詹妮。
Pass Jenny it.（误）【拓展】
pass作动词的其他常见含义
(1)走过；通过
(2)及格；合格
(3)（时间）过去；流逝
例：A red car passed just now. 刚刚一辆红色汽车经过了。
I was happy that I passed the exam. 我很高兴通过了考试。
The days passed slowly. 日子慢慢过去。
牛刀小试
My book is on the sofa. Please ________．
A．pass it me B．pass me it C．pass it to me D．pass me to it
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我的书在沙发上。请把它递给我。
考查动词短语。固定搭配：pass sb sth=pass sth to sb“将某物递给某人”，如果sth用代词it代替时，只能用
pass it to sb，故选C。
4. Could you lend me some money? 你能借给我一些钱吗?
▲lend、borrow与keep辨析
borro 表示“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth.
w from sb./sp.或borrow sb. sth.结构中，为非延续性动词。
lend 表示“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth.
to sb.或lend sb. sth.结构中，也是非延续性动词。
keep 本意为“保存、保留”,引申为“借用”，用于表示借用的时间长
度，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。
牛刀小试
1．He often borrows money _______ others but he never lends anything _______ anybody.
A．from; from B．to; from C．from; to D．to; to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他经常从别人那里借钱，但是他从不把任何东西借给任何人。
考查动词短语和介词。“borrow…from…”译为“从……借入”，所以第一个空是“from”；“lend…to…”
译为“把……借出”，第二个空是“to”。故选C。
2．—Could I ________ your English-Chinese dictionary?
—Sure, but you can’t _______ it to others.
A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrow C．borrow; keep D．keep; borrow【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我能借你的英汉字典吗？——当然，但是你不能把它借给别人。borrow表示借进；
lend表示借出，短语lend sth. to sb.表示把某物借给某人。根据题意，故选A。
一、单项选择
1．—Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening?
—I haven’t decided yet. If you don’t go, ________.
A．so do I B．neither do I C．so will I D．neither will I
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个星期六晚上你会去彼得的聚会吗？——我还没决定。如果你不去，我也不去。
考查倒装句。so/neither/nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词
+主语”这样的倒装句式。“so+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人
或物，如果前面的陈述句是否定形式，这一结构的否定式是“neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。根
据上文“I haven’t decided yet. If you don’t go”可知，前面所说的情况也适用于后者，即“我也不去”需用
neither的倒装结构，可排除AC两项；结合if条件句遵循主将从现，助动词需用will，故选D。2．Love your parents __________ they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late.
A．while B．though C．because D．unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：爱你的父母吧，趁他们还健在。不要等到为时已晚。
考查连词辨析。while当……的时候，表时间；though尽管，表让步；because因为，表原因；unless除非，
表条件。本句是时间状语从句，根据句意结构，可知选A。
3．I hate __________ basketball with that kind of man.
A．playing B．play C．played D．plays
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我讨厌和那种人打篮球。
考查非谓语动词。hate doing sth“讨厌做某事”，为固定短语。故选A。
4．I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A．while B．since C．until D．as soon as
【答案】D
【详解】句意：暑假一开始，我就要去看望我在英国的姑姑。
考查连词辨析。A．while正当……的时候；B．since因为；C．until 直到；D．as soon as一……就……。
此处是时间状语从句， 据题意，故选D。
5．Jenny has gone to Shanghai on business, but she’ll be back in 3 days. I will call you as soon as she ________.
A．returns B．will return C．returned D．has returned
【答案】A
【详解】句意：珍妮出差去上海了，但她将在3天内回来。她一回来我就给你打电话。
考查动词时态。设空所在句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一
般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是she，谓语动词用三单形式returns。故选A。
6．—How long can I________ Robinson Crusoe, Mrs. Zhao?
—For two weeks.
A．keep B．get C．borrow D．lend
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——赵夫人，我可以借鲁滨逊漂流记多久？——大约两周。
考查动词词义辨析。keep“保持”强调拥有的状态；get“获得”强调得到的动作；borrow“借入”；lend“借
出”。根据答语“For two weeks.”可知，问话人问 Mrs. Zhao 可以借阅书多长时间，用keep。故选A。
7．Students at Green High School often ________ books from their school library and can ________ them for a
week.
A．borrow; keep B．lend; keep C．borrow; borrow D．keep; borrow
【答案】A
【详解】句意：格林高中的学生经常从学校图书馆借书，可以借一个星期。
考查动词辨析。borrow借入，通常与from连用；lend借出，通常与to连用；keep保留，是延续性动词。
根据“from their school library”可知，第一处用borrow；由“for a week”可知，此处表示延续，所以用keep。故选A。
8．John turned around and looked at Tom ________ surprise.
A．for B．with C．in D．to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：John转过身，惊讶地看着Tom。
考查介词辨析。for为了；with和；in在……里；to到。介词短语in surprise表示“吃惊地”。故选C。
9．— Could you tell me how to pay for the food by QR code (二维码) on the phone?
—__________.
A．Take it easy B．It doesn’t matter
C．You’re welcome D．Sure, I’d love to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你愿意告诉我怎么样在手机上用二维码支付买的食物吗？A项意为“放松些”，B项意为
“没关系”，C项意为“你客气了”，D项意为“当然，我愿意”。故选D项。
10．—I didn’t go to Tom’s birthday party yesterday. What about you?
—________, because I was preparing for the exam all the time.
A．Neither was I B．Neither am I
C．Neither did I D．Neither do I
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我昨天没有去汤姆的生日聚会。你呢？——我也没有，因为我一直在准备考试。
考查倒装句。倒装句“neither+助动词/系动词+主语”表示“主语也没去做上面的那件事情”，根据“I
didn’t go to Tom’s birthday party yesterday.”可知，此句是一般过去时，故助动词用did。故选C。
二、根据所给提示填空
1．The boy h eating rice day after day. He wants to eat something else.
【答案】(h)ates
2．Karen b a storybook from one of her friends yesterday because she likes reading.
【答案】(b)orrowed
3．He will leave for Shanghai as soon as he (finish) his work.
【答案】finishes
4．—My soup is not strong enough. Could you please p me some salt?
—Sure. Here you are.
【答案】(p)ass
5．I was a little angry with him because he refused to l me some money.
【答案】(l)end
6．My parents planned to buy a car, but n of them could drive the car.
【答案】(n)either
7．I （扔）the ball to him, but he didn’t catch it.【答案】threw
8．The baby put one of his （手指）into his mouth to show that he needed food.
【答案】fingers
9．The kids saw the robot throw the ball into the box in (surprised).
【答案】surprise
10．These two sweaters are so expensive that I can afford n of them.
【答案】(n)either
11．Could you keep quiet w I am doing my homework?
【答案】while
12．All the boys look so cool in white s and black trousers.
【答案】shirts
13．—Do you often help your parents do c at home?
—Yes, I clean the living room every day.
【答案】chores
14．Jack went out of the classroom (angry).
【答案】angrily
15．My dog (come) over to welcome me as soon as I got back home.
【答案】came
三、选词填空
A
根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
hang out, in surprise, do housework, the minute, in front of
1． Mr. Green came up with the good idea, he called me up.
2．There is a big park with beautiful trees and flowers our neighborhood.
3．After school, Mike by himself in the park and got back home late.
4．The one-year-old kid is looking at the cat in the picture .
5． is a good way to improve children's independence.
【答案】1．The minute 2．in front of 3．hung out 4．in surprise 5．Doing housework
【解析】
1．句意：格林先生一想到这个好主意就给我打了电话。根据“Mr. Green came up with the good idea, he
called me up”可知，一想到这个主意就给我打了电话，the +时间名词minute引导时间状语，表示“一……
就……”，故填The minute。
2．句意：在我们社区的前面有一个大公园，有美丽的树和花。根据“There is a big park with beautiful trees
and flowers… our neighborhood”可知，此空应填一个方位介词，备选词in front of“在……前面”符合，故填in front of。
3．句意：放学后，迈克一个人在公园里闲逛，很晚才回家。此空缺少谓语动词，根据“in the park”及备选
词，可知，在公园里闲逛，hang out“闲逛”，根据“got”可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填hung out。
4．句意：一岁的孩子惊奇地看着照片里的猫。根据“The one-year-old kid is looking at the cat in the picture”
及备选词，可知，此空填in surprise“惊讶地”在句中作状语，故填in surprise。
5．句意：做家务是提高孩子独立性的好方法。根据“a good way to improve children's independence”及备选
词，可知，做家务是培养孩子独立性的好方法，do housework“做家务”，此空在句中作主语，要用动名词
形式，故填Doing housework。
B
根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
while, chore, lend, shirt, throw
1．—What did you buy in the store?
—I bought two and a pair of shoes for my father.
2．Emma her schoolbag on the sofa and went into her room.
3．—Do you like doing housework at home?
—Yes, I like doing like washing the clothes.
4．—I ran out of my money. Could you me some?
—Sure. How much do you need?
5．I lived in this apartment I was a student.
【答案】1．shirts 2．threw 3．chores 4．lend 5．while
【解析】
1．句意：——你在商店买了什么？——我给爸爸买了两件衬衫和一双鞋。
分析句子可知，此处表示“衬衫”的含义，用英语表达是shirt，此前有two修饰，所以用其名词复数形式。
故填shirts。
2．句意：爱玛把书包扔在沙发上，走进自己的房间。
分析句子可知，此处表示“扔”的含义，用英语表达是throw，又因为此句时态是一般过去时，所以用其
过去式形式。故填threw。
3．句意：——你喜欢在家做家务吗？——是的，我喜欢做家务，比如洗衣服。
分析句子可知，此处表示“家务”的含义，用英语表达是chore，又因为chore是可数名词且其前并无表单
数的词修饰，所以用名词复数形式。故填chores。
4．句意：——我的钱花光了。你能借给我一些吗？——当然可以。你需要多少钱？
分析句子可知，此处表示“借出去”的含义，用英语表达是lend，此处用于情态动词Could之后，所以用
动词原形即可。故填lend。
5．句意：我还是学生的时候就住在这个公寓里。
分析句子可知，此处表示“当……时”的含义，用英语表达是while，此处用来引导时间状语从句。故填while。
四、补全对话
根据对话内容，从A到F选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，每个选项只使用一次。选项中有一项为
多余项。
A: Could I invite my friends to my birthday party on Saturday, Mom?
B: Of course! 1
A: Yeah, um.... 2
B: What for?
A: 3
B: Well, I will go shopping tomorrow. And I can buy some drinks and snacks for you.
A: Oh, good. Thank you, Mom.
B: You’re welcome. Oh, could you clean your room?
A: 4
B: You need to clean it again for your party.
A: OK. 5
B: That’s right. After you finish your homework, let’s clean the room. I can sweep the floor and do the dishes.
A: Great!
A．I cleaned it last week.
B．Could you give me some money?
C．That sounds like fun.
D．I need to buy some drinks and snacks.
E．Could you take out the rubbish?
F．But I need to do my homework first.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．F
【解析】这是一个孩子和母亲的对话，是围绕孩子要过生日，要如何为生日派对做准备而展开的对话。
1．根据“Could I invite my friends to my birthday party on Saturday, Mom?”及“Of course!”，可知此处表示赞
成并认为很好，选项C“听起来很有趣。”符合情景，故选C。
2．根据下文妈妈问“What for?”以及“Well, I will go shopping tomorrow. And I can buy some drinks and
snacks for you. Oh, good. Thank you, Mom.”，可知此处是问妈妈要钱，选项B“你能给我点钱吗？”符合情
景，故选B。
3．根据上文“What for?”可知此处回答要钱的用途，选项D“我需要买些饮料和零食。”符合情景，故选
D。
4．根据上文“could you clean your room?”和下文“You need to clean it again for your party.”可知此处回答打
扫过了，选项A“我上周打扫过了。”符合情景，故选A。
5．根据“That’s right. After you finish your homework, let’s clean the room.”可知，此处指要先写作业，选项F“但我得先做作业。”符合情景。故选F。
五、完形填空
After coming back from school, Nancy often has a walk 1 her dog. But last month, Nancy was too
2 to walk. She threw her schoolbag down and went to the living room to watch TV. As soon as she 3
the TV set, her mom came in and wanted her to take the 4 for a walk.
But Nancy wanted to watch TV first. Her mother became angry 5 she thought she did housework by herself
every day, but Nancy always watched TV and 6 helped her with the chores. However, Nancy thought she
was as tired as her mother. And she 7 back to her mother.
Nancy’s mother was so mad that she said 8 . She didn’t do any housework for a week, 9
did Nancy. As a result, everything was dirty.
Just at that time, Nancy realized that she was wrong. So she tried her best to 10 the room clean and
tidy. Her mother was surprised to see that, but she was happy.
From this story, we should know to share the housework with our parents to make a clean and comfortable
home.
1．A．for B．with C．to D．at
2．A．tired B．excited C．happy D．sad
3．A．turned into B．turned off C．turned down D．turned on
4．A．cat B．duck C．dog D．pig
5．A．because B．while C．when D．though
6．A．always B．often C．sometimes D．never
7．A．turned B．shouted C．looked D．got
8．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
9．A．either B．both C．neither D．so
10．A．take B．make C．know D．have
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B
【解析】文章大意：本文主要描述了南希和妈妈因为做家务而发生的不愉快的事情，最后南希理解了妈妈
的辛苦，开始帮妈妈做家务。
1．句意：从学校回来后，南希经常带着她的狗散步。
for为了；with和……一起；to到、朝；at在。根据“After coming back from school, Nancy often has a
walk ... her dog.”结合语境，可知此处考查固定搭配“have a walk with…”，意为“和……散步”，故选B。
2．句意：但是上个月，南希太累不能去散步了。
tired疲倦的；excited兴奋的；happy高兴的；sad伤心的。根据下文“However, Nancy thought she was as
tired as her mother.”可知是南希累得不能去散步了，故选A。
3．句意：她一打开电视，她妈妈就进来了，想让她去遛狗。turned into变成、进入；turned off关闭；turned down关小；turned on打开。根据上文“She threw her
schoolbag down and went to the living room to watch TV.”她扔下书包去客厅看电视，可知此处应是打开电视，
故选D。
4．句意：她一打开电视，她妈妈就进来了，想让她去遛狗。
cat猫；duck鸭子；dog狗；pig猪。根据上文“Nancy often has a walk … her dog.”可知此处应是她妈妈想让
她去遛狗，故选C。
5．句意：她妈妈很生气，因为她认为每天都是她自己做家务。
because因为；while然而；when什么时候；though虽然、尽管。根据“Her mother became angry … she
thought she did housework by herself every day,”可知妈妈生气是因为她认为总是她自己做家务，因此空处应
填because引导原因状语从句，故选A。
6．句意：但南希总是看电视，从不帮她做家务。
always总是、一直；often经常；sometimes有时；never从不。根据上文“Nancy always watched TV”，妈妈
认为南希总是看电视，可知应是从来不帮忙做家务，故选D。
7．句意：她对着妈妈大声喊叫。
turned旋转；shouted喊叫；looked看；got得到。根据下文“Nancy’s mother was so mad”，可推知是南希顶
撞了她的妈妈，因此她的妈妈很生气，shout back意为“顶嘴”，符合句意，故选B。
8．句意：南希的妈妈非常生气，一句话也没说。
nothing没有什么；anything任何事情；something某事、某物；everything每件事情。根据上文“Nancy’s
mother was so mad...She didn’t do any housework for a week”可知判断她应是什么也没有说，而是付诸实践，
故选A。
9．句意： 她一个星期没有做任何家务，南希也没有。
either两者中的任意一个；both两者都；neither两者都不；so因此。根据下文“As a result, everything was
dirty.”可推知是南希也没有做家务，“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也不”，故选
C。
10．句意：所以她尽她最大的努力把房间打扫的干净整洁。
take花费；make制作；know知道；have有。根据“So she tried her best to … the room clean and tidy.”可知
“the room clean and tidy”为所填写词的复合宾语，而在所给选项中，动词make后可用形容词作宾语补足
语，故选B。
