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选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev say that the popular dieting
strategy of serving food on smaller plates does not necessarily trick us into eating less.
“Plate size doesn’t matter as much as we think it does，” says Dr.Tzvi Ganel，
head of the study in a media release.“Even if you’re hungry and haven’t eaten，or
are trying to cut back on portions (份)，a serving looks similar whether it fills a
smaller plate or is surrounded by empty space on a larger one.”
Some dieters may try eating off smaller plates，hoping that they will feel full because
the serving size appears larger on the smaller plate.This strategy is based on the
classic Delbouef illusion (错觉)，which found that people seeing a black circle inside
a larger circle perceived the circle to be smaller than when the same sized black circle
was placed inside a smaller circle.
Researchers determined that hunger seems to help with visual perception of food
portions.In the experiment，participants who had eaten recently had a difficult time
estimating pizza portions that were placed on larger versus smaller trays.But
participants who had not eaten for at least three hours were better able to estimate
portion sizes correctly.
The authors remind that their results only applied to food sizes.Both groups of
participants performed about the same when asked to compare sizes of black circles
and hubcaps (轮毂) placed inside different sized circles.Study authors say the results
suggest that hunger strengthens our ability to analyze and process what we are seeing.
“Over the last decade ，restaurants and other food businesses have been using
progressively smaller dishes to adapt to the perceptual bias (偏差) that it will reduce
food consumption，” says Ganel.“This study debunks that view.When people are
hungry，especially when dieting，they are less likely to be fooled by the plate size，
more likely to realize they are eating less and more ready to overeating later.”So don’t kid yourself.Put away the Barbie plates and give it three hours.Then grab
that giant plate and dig in.Your eyes will choose the right size.
1.Why do some dieters switch to smaller dishes?
A.To seek an elegant lifestyle.
B.To measure the serving size.
C.To have the impression of being full.
D.To see whether Delbouef illusion is true.
2.What helps to judge food sizes accurately?
A.The black color.
B.The size of circles.
C.The strong need for food.
D.The delicious taste of food.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “debunks” in Paragraph 6?
A.Disapproves. B.Confirms.
C.Reflects. D.Discovers.
4.What does the text mainly tell us?
A.Dieting requires smaller plates.
B.Your dinner plate affects your weight.
C.Eating less is a popular dieting practice.
D.Smaller plates won’t lead to less eating.
An increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a new
weight loss trend.But that’s not the goal；instead，reducetarianism is about cutting
down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy for you
and the planet.“But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan，” says Brian
Kateman，co-founder of the Reducetarian Foundation.So he has a simple message
for us：“Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.” Compared with a
vegetarian ， reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges
challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.
The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods.Animal productsoften replace fresh fruits，vegetables and whole grains，leading to lack of nutrients
from them.A more plant-based diet can help lower the risk of health problems
including heart disease，colon cancer，and obesity.And research shows the climate
toll from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods.This
is largely because it takes much more land，water，and other resources to produce a
pound of meat than plant protein，says Dana Ellis，a dietitian.
The type of meat you buy matters too.Grass-fed meat—from animals raised without
antibiotics (抗生素)—tend to be the more sustainable options.By grazing，cows
encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil，which may help offset
cattle’s climate impact，according to a study published in 2021.
Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food
waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian.The message of
reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by
making small changes in how you eat and shop for food.And that’s something we all
can accomplish.
5.What does reducetarianism refer to?
A.A novel weight loss trend.
B.A healthy diet with little meat.
C.An idea of accepting imperfection.
D.An approach to being a vegetarian.
6.Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?
A.It helps to free people from diseases.
B.It guarantees all the nutrients needed.
C.It allows people to obtain more protein.
D.It causes less damage to the environment.
7.Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?
A.A meat lover.
B.A cow raiser.
C.A keen environmentalist.
D.A devoted vegetarian.8.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?
A.Local produce can offer more nutrition.
B.Reducetarianism is something imperfect.
C.Any amount of food waste should be avoided.
D.Small changes in diet better man and the earth.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·辽宁省部分学校高三二模)
A hamburger delivery driver in New Jersey received something more special than any
__1__ this week.John Smith was delivering hamburgers to the home of Rachel Green
on Sunday night when Rachel’s little daughter ran up to him and gave him a big
__2__.
Rachel，who caught the moment on the doorbell camera，said，“I __3__ it on the
Internet.In fact，I just did it because we thought it was __4__.”What Rachel didn’t
know at the time was what that moment would __5__ to Smith.
Smith’s 16-year-old daughter，who lived in California with his ex-wife，recently
__6__ away.She had struggled with mental problems.“After __7__ my daughter this
past week，it just touched me because it was like she was there，and it just meant a
__8__ to me，” he said.
His ex-wife，Michele，said she was __9__ of the fact that someone saw his pain and
could be there for him.“It’s so __10__ to ignore such people and their internal
pain，” she said.“That even goes to our daughter.We didn’t know her __11__.”
The __12__of his hug with the 2-year-old made its way to Smith，and he __13__to
tell Rachel how much it meant.“It is really tough to accept that I’m not going to be
able to hug her again，” Smith said to Rachel.
The hug may have lasted only a few __14__，but it’s a moment Smith will hold onto
always.“This __15__means something，and makes me think，‘Wow，maybe
she’s there，’” he said.
1.A.tip B.fortune
C.luck D.pleasure2.A.surprise B.kiss
C.gift D.hug
3.A.focused B.captured
C.posted D.recorded
4.A.thrilling B.interesting
C.formal D.average
5.A.explain B.respond
C.mean D.show
6.A.passed B.died
C.faded D.put
7.A.saving B.treating
C.handling D.losing
8.A.ton B.promise
C.mission D.dollar
9.A.blessed B.guilty
C.frustrated D.appreciative
10.A.difficult B.easy
C.demanding D.shameful
11.A.disease B.strength
C.joy D.pain
12.A.film B.video
C.tape D.camera
13.A.reached out B.broke in
C.made up D.set out
14.A.moments B.hours
C.minutes D.seconds
15.A.struggle B.intention
C.incident D.attempt
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·浙江省杭州市高三二模)It’s common to see a barista (咖啡师) create coffee art，but it’s a whole different ball
game doing the same thing with tea.Han Zheming，1.____________ 80-year-old
Shanghai resident，has managed 2.____________ (perfect) the skill，creating tea art
in cups，or dian cha (点茶) in Chinese，which used to be a routine during the
Song Dynasty (960-1279).Over the past decades，he 3.____________ (use) tea and
spoons to create nearly 200 patterns 4.____________ (base) on ancient paintings.
It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people
appreciate 5.____________ (it) charm.“Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the
taste of tea，” Han says.“It is similar 6.____________ the foam on top of a cup of
coffee，except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy 7.____________ (popular) during the Tang
Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty，8.____________
tea had become a necessity for almost everyone ， from nobles and scholars to
common people，just like other important items，such as rice，oil and salt，as
suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
9.____________ (total) different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang
period，in the Song Dynasty，the popular way of having tea was through dian
cha.The action of pouring hot water over fine powdered tea is called dian，hence the
name dian cha，which 10.____________ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of
Runzhou district，Zhenjiang city，Jiangsu Province，in 2019.
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现用小盘盛食物的节
食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。
1.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some dieters may try eating off...appears
larger on the smaller plate.”可知，一些节食者用较小的盘子盛食物是为了营造一种饱腹感。]
2.C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers determined that hunger seems
to help with visual perception of food portions.”可知，对食物的强烈需要有助于准
确判断食物的分量。]
3.A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“When people are hungry...less and more
ready to overeating later.”可知，这项研究驳斥了“用小盘子盛食物吃得会更少”
这一观点，由此可知画线词词义为“驳斥，不赞成”。]
4.D [文章大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了研究
发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是减肉主义及这种饮食方
式给人类和地球带来的好处。
5.B [细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“But that’s not the goal；instead...that are
healthy for you and the planet.”可知，减肉主义指的是减少吃的肉的数量，这对
健康和地球都有益，由此可知，减肉主义指的是一种少吃肉的健康饮食方式。]
6.D [推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“And research shows the climate toll from
raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods.”可知，种植植物性食物对气候的危害更小，更环保，由此可知，应该鼓励多吃植物性食
物，因为它对环境的破坏较小。]
7.C [推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中“And research shows the
climate toll from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based
foods.”可知，减肉主义倡导减少吃的肉的数量，而少吃肉对气候环境有益，由
此可知，一个热情的环保主义者更有可能成为减肉主义者，因为他们为了保护
环境会少吃肉，进而成为减肉主义者。]
8.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“The message of reducetarianism
is...And that’s something we all can accomplish.”可知，我们只需在饮食和购买食
物的方式上做出微小的改变，就可以帮助人类和地球，由此可知，饮食上的小
变化使人类和地球变得更好。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个叫约翰·史密斯的外卖司机，
在给雷切尔送汉堡包的时候，雷切尔的小女儿拥抱了他。这个小小的举动触动
了史密斯和他的前妻，因为他们的女儿刚刚去世，这个小小的拥抱让他们感到
他们的女儿那时那刻还在那里。
1.A [根据上文“A hamburger delivery driver in New Jersey”可知，汉堡包外卖司机送外卖可能会收到小费。]
2.D [根据倒数第二段“The of his hug with the 2-year-old made its way to
Smith”可知，雷切尔的小女儿跑过来给了史密斯一个大大的拥抱。]
3.C [根据“on the Internet.”可知，雷切尔把这段视频发布到网上。]
4.B [根据“In fact，I just did it because we thought it was .”可知，雷切尔
把这段视频发布到网上只是觉得这很有趣。]
5.C [根据下段“and it just meant a to me，”可知，这段视频对史密斯来
说意味着很多。]
6.A [根据下文“After my daughter this past week，it just touched me
because it was like she was there”及下文可知，史密斯的女儿刚刚去世了，pass
away固定搭配，意为“去世”。]
7.D [根据上文“Smith’s 16-year-old daughter，who lived in California with his
ex-wife，recently away.”可知，史密斯的女儿刚刚去世了，所以他失去了
女儿。]
8.A [比喻意义重大的词只有ton，“It just meant a ton to me”意为“这对我来说
意义重大”。根据“it just touched me because it was like she was there”可知，女儿对史密斯来说意义重大。]
9.D [根据“the fact that someone saw his pain and could be there for him”可知，
有人看到了他的痛苦，对于米歇尔来说，她应该是很感激的。blessed有福的；
guilty感到内疚的，有罪责的；frustrated沮丧；懊恼；appreciative欣赏的；感
激的。]
10.B [根据“ignore such people and their internal pain”可知，我们很容易忽略失
去亲人的人和他们内心的痛苦。]
11.D [根据上文“His ex-wife，Michele，said she was of the fact that
someone saw his pain and could be there for him.”可知，作为父母也不知道女儿
的痛苦。]
12.B [根据上文“Rachel，who caught the moment on the doorbell camera”可知，
这里指通过门铃摄像头拍下的视频。]
13.A [reach out 提供援助；break in 闯入；make up 编造；set out 出发。根据
“The of his hug with the 2-year-old made its way to Smith，”可知，看到
视频后，史密斯联系了发视频的雷切尔。]
14.D [根据上文“The hug may have lasted”和常识可知，拥抱只持续了短短的几秒钟。]
15.C [根据“means something，and makes me think，‘Wow，maybe she’s
there，’”可知，这件事对史密斯意味着很多。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“点茶”的历史和韩喆明是
如何完善“点茶”技术和传播“点茶”文化的。
1.an [考查冠词。句中泛指一名上海居民，故空格处应用不定冠词，“80”音标
的第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。]
2.to perfect [考查非谓语动词。句中涉及固定短语“manage to do sth”，意为
“设法做成某事”，故空格处应填“to perfect”。]
3.has used [考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中“Over the past decades”可知，句
子应用现在完成时，主语“he”为第三人称单数，故空格处应填“has used”。]
4.based [考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词“has used”，故空格处应用非谓语
动词，“be based on...”意为“以……为基础”，“patterns”和“base”为逻辑上
的动宾关系，故空格处应用“base”的过去分词“based”，作后置定语。故填
based。]
5.its [考查代词。句中“charm”为名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“it”对应的形容词性物主代词为“its”。故填its。]
6.to [考查介词。句中涉及固定短语“be similar to...”，意为“与……相似”，
故空格处应填“to”。]
7.popularity [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，“enjoy”为动词，后接名词作宾
语，“popular”为形容词，对应的名词为“popularity”，为不可数名词。故填
popularity。]
8.when [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the Song
Dynasty”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词“when”引导从句。故
填when。]
9.Totally [考查词性转换。“different”为形容词，空格处应用副词，在句中作
状语，“total”为形容词，对应的副词为“totally”，意为“完全”，句首单词首
字母大写。故填Totally。]
10.was listed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：将热水浇在细粉茶上的动作被
称为“点”，因此得名“点茶”，于2019年被列入江苏省镇江市润州区非物质
文化遗产。根据句意和句中“in 2019”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，句子
为“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词“dian cha”和“list”为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“dian cha”为单数概念，故空格处应填
“was listed”。]
