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选择型阅读理解
第一部分 真题考查分析
(2023·温州中考)
A marathon is a long running race of 26. 2 miles (42. 195 kilometres). The
first Olympic Marathon was held in Athens. Now, many cities host their own
marathons every year. Some of the best-known marathons around the world are
the New York City Marathon, the Boston Marathon and the Tokyo Marathon.
Among them, the Boston Marathon which started in 1897, is the oldest yearly
marathon in the world. As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race.
Themes of marathons add fun and meaning to the hard miles. Runners run for helping sick
kids, celebrating important events, or just enjoying nature. There is a famous marathon in
Gisborne, New Zealand, which is known for being the first city in the world to welcome the
sunlight every day. Runners can greet the sunrise as they race along the golden sandy beaches.
Marathon routes bring people more understanding of the old sport. Some routes provide great
sporting challenges for runners. The routes offer various surfaces, from bridges to sand to hills.
Runners of all skill levels can sweat freely and push their limits in the race. Some routes are well
planned for runners to explore the many sides of a city. For example, the route of the Great Wall
Marathon takes the runners along the great wonder of the world. The race can be an amazing
chance to get to know Beijing, its people and local food.
A marathon is quite a journey for runners to enjoy the run, challenge themselves and
experience the culture. There is so much more behind the race for us to explore.
1. According to the passage,the oldest yearly marathon is ______.
A. the Tokyo Marathon
B. the Olympic Marathon
C. the Boston Marathon
D. the New York City Marathon
2. What might be the theme of the marathon in
Gisborne?
A. First Light. B. Lively Kids.
C. Green Miles. D. Fun Beach.
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3. The writer uses the example of the Great Wall Marathon to tell that the route ______.
A. is difficult to plan
B. shows the city culture
C. offers different surfaces
D. brings challenge to runners
4. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Marathon: Not Just a Race
B. Marathon: Routes and Rules
C. Marathon: History and Themes
D. Marathon: A Race for Everyone
【方法解析】
第一步：:略读知意明中心
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马拉松比赛的起源、发展和比赛背后的意义。
第二步：审题览项瞄关键
1. 关键词:the oldest yearly。细节理解题。
2. 关键词:the theme和in Gisborne。推理判断题。
3. 关键词:the Great Wall Marathon。推理判断题。
4. 关键词:best title。标题归纳题。
第三步：细读揣摩定答案
1. 找答案,直接就题寻答案。根据第一段Among them, the Boston Marathon which started
in 1897, is the oldest yearly marathon in the world. 可知,波士顿马拉松比赛是世界上最古老的
年度马拉松比赛。选C。
2. 寻事实,推断隐含意义。根据第二段 There is a famous marathon in Gisborne,New
Zealand,which is known for being the first city in the world to welcome the sunlight every day.
Runners can greet the sunrise as they race along the golden sandy beaches. 可推知,吉斯伯恩著
名的马拉松比赛主题可能是第一缕光。选A。
3. “有一说一”,精准推断。根据第三段For example,the route of the Great Wall Marathon
takes the runners along the great wonder of the world. The race can be an amazing chance to get to
know Beijing,its people and local food. 可推知,作者以长城马拉松为例来说明这条路线展现的
城市文化。选B。
4. 留心主题句,归纳文章大意。根据最后一段 A marathon is quite a journey for runners to
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enjoy the run,challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is so much more behind the
race for us to explore. 可知,本文主要介绍了世界各地的马拉松比赛以及比赛背后的意义,可
知文章标题应为“马拉松:不仅仅是一场比赛”。选 A。
第四步:再读核查保周全
全部题目做完后,再检查一遍,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选答案是否正确。
第二部分 备考策略解析
【方法概览】
【要点解析】
【方法突破】
一、细节理解题
（一）类型分析
1. 直接信息题: 此类试题要求考生对材料中的某具体事实和细节进行认定。常以五个
“W”(what, when, who, where, why)和一个“H”(how)开头的特殊疑问句设题; 或是考查考生
对选项的是非判断, 设题方式为: Which of the following is TRUE/Not true? 。
2. 间接信息题: 此类试题选项中不直接出现原文信息, 而是借助同义转换、概念解析
等方法对原文内容进行适当变化, 目的是考查考生对事实细节的理解能力和信息转化能力。
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3. 数字计算题: 此类试题要求考生根据材料中的相关数字或信息, 通过整理、运算得
出答案; 试题常涉及年代、年龄、付款钱数等方面的数字计算。
4. 顺序排列题: 此类试题的设题方式是在选项中列举出材料中的一些具体事实, 要求
考生对这些事实进行排序。
（二）解答方法
①直接信息题: 结合关键词句对选项进行仔细分析对比, 将选项中“无此细节”或“与
此细节相反”的干扰项排除, 选出与事实细节相符的选项。
②间接信息题: 关键要找出间接信息与事实细节之间的信息联系。
③数字计算题: 理清各数字之间的关系, 确定计算方法, 计算出数值, 从而确定正确选
项。
④顺序排列题: 根据时间顺序及句子之间的逻辑关系, 找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。
此类题可采用“首尾定位法”, 快速缩小选择范围, 提高做题效率。
二、推理判断题
（一）类型分析
1. 细节推理题。即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力, 其对应的内容可以是文章的一
句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落, 是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题, 题干中经常包含了
以下词汇, 如the author believes that; the author implies that; according to the author等。
2. 归纳推理题。这种题型也是考查对细节的推理, 只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各
个段落, 需要考生进行全面的归纳, 题干中经常包含了以下词汇, 如We can learn from the
passage that. . . ; We can imply from the text that. . . 等。
3. 综合判断题。这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合, 常见设问方式为: Which of the
following is (not)TRUE? ; 即正向判断和反向判断两种方式。选项所涉及的内容可能分布在
文章的各个段落, 需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断, 从而找到符合原文信息的选项。
4. 写作意图题。要求考生根据文章的论述, 揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。主要设
题方式有: What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? ; The writer wants to tell us
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that. . . 等。
5. 观点态度题。主要考查考生对作者的意图、观点或态度的理解和把握。主要设题方
式有: The attitude of the author towards something is. . . ; The writer of the passage seems to
think that. . . 等。
（二）解答方法
①抓住特定关键信息, 进行正向或逆向推理。
即抓住某一段话中的关键信息, 如某些关键词或短语等, 利用正向推理或逆向思维, 推理、
判断出某句话所隐含的深层含义。
②利用作者的思想感情进行推断。
作者在写作时, 一定会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情或思想倾向的措辞, 领会作
者的思想感情。
③根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论。
任何一篇文章, 段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系, 也
就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。
④结合常识进行推断。
有些文章, 如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类
文章的题目, 除了把握相关文段的细节外, 还应注意充分运用自己的常识, 结合题目去分析
推理。
三、主旨大意
（一）类型分析
（二）解答方法
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①
找转折词。段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时, 这
些词语后面的句子很可能是主题句。
②
找总结词。表示总结或结论的话常有 therefore, thus, in short, conclude,
conclusion等, 这些词后面的句子很可能是主题句。
③
找疑问词。首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
④
找重复词。作者有意识地反复重复的观点, 通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语, 一般为
体现文章主旨的关键词。
四、词义猜测题
（一）类型分析
猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合
理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。猜测词义题的设题方式有:
1. The underlined word/sentence “. . . ” in the. . . paragraph probably means “______”.
2. The expression “. . . ” most probably means “______”.
3. The underlined word/sentence “. . . ” in Paragraph. . . can best be replaced by “______”.
常见的命题角度有:
1. 生词猜测题。一般为实词, 通过构词法、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索
来确定生词的具体词义。
2. 熟词生义题。要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息, 结合中学生应有的常识和经验, 正
确判断出某词在特定语境中表达的具体含义。
3. 代词指代题。要求考生理解文中出现的代词所指代的具体含义。
4. 句意猜测题。通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语等的含义。要
求考生通过阅读文章, 用合适的语句对其进行直接或解释性的描述。
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（二）解答方法
1. 解题步骤
2. 答题方法
①据逻辑关系推测词义。文中的逻辑关系有因果关系、类比关系、转折关系、对比关
系等。在定位好猜测的词后, 需要寻找上下文中是否含有某种逻辑关系, 特别注意一些关键
词, 如so, because, but, however, even if, and, also, instead等。
②据定义来猜测词义。有时, 作者会用一个短语或从句来解释陌生的词, 因此要根据作
者给出的定义或实例来猜测词的含义。提示词语常见的有: for example, like, such as, in
another word等以及定语从句。
③据推理猜测句意。首先要关注句子的前后语境, 结合上下文语境, 运用逻辑推理来猜
测句子在文中的真正含义。
【真题演练】(2023·山西中考)
The 3 most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland.Read on
to see which line you want to start your journey with.
Xining to Lhasa
Length:around 1,900 km long
Price:781 yuan for a soft sleeper
The railway line is popular with travellers who want to visit Xizang.It is the longest high
altitude(海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”.Most of the line is
over 4,000 meters.You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows.
Chengdu to Kunming
Length:around 1,100 km long
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Price:487.5 yuan for a second class
The railway line has been in service since July 1970.From Chengdu,with an altitude of 400
meters or so,the train goes up to about 2,000 meters across mountains.This line is called
Geological Museum(地质博物馆)because of the special geography along the railway line.
Lhasa to Rikaze
Length:around 250 km long
Price:64 yuan for a soft seat
This railway line connects to the Qinghai-Xizang Railway and has an altitude of above
3,600 meters.It makes Xizang travel easier for travellers,especially those who want to see
Mount Qomolangma,the highest mountain in the world.
1.Xining to Lhasa Railway is called “the way to the sky” because______.
A.most of it is over 4,000 meters
B.it gives travellers a feeling of flying
C.there are many high mountains along it
2.Mr Green and his wife are planning a train trip from Chengdu to Kunming,they should pay
______for their second-class tickets.
A.781 yuan B.975 yuan C.551.5 yuan
3.As for Chengdu to Kunming Railway,we can know that ______.
A.it is about 2,000 kilometers long
B.it has been in service for 70 years
C.the geography along the line is special
4.The railway from Lhasa to Rikaze makes it easier for travellers to see ______.
A.Qinghai Lake
B.Geological Museum
C.Mount Qomolangma
5.The three wonderful railway lines ______.
A.go across Xizang all the way
B.run from the east to the west of China
C.take us to enjoy the beauty of our motherland
第三部分 综合运用巩固
1
We asked our students about practising English. Here are the results.
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According to the result, our English teacher Mr. Black gave us some advice. He said we
should practice speaking English more often. Reading aloud is useful.
1. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. Speaking English B. practising English
C. reading English D. learning English
2. 45% students ________ practice speaking English.
A. often B. sometimes C. always D. usually
3. ________ students hardly ever practice speaking English.
A. 17% B. 45% C. 38% D. 39%
4. 67% students try to ________ to practice speaking English.
A. practise speaking English B. speak more in class
C. talk with friends in English D. sing English songs
5. Mr. Black thought ________ is useful.
A. speaking more often B. talking with friends
C. reading aloud D. speaking in class
2
赤壁
唐 杜牧
折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。
东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。
The Red Cliff
We dig out broken halberds buried in the sand,
And wash and rub these relics of an ancient war.
Had the east wind refused to give a helping hand,
Southern beauties would have been captives on northern shore.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
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Historical poems are never just about things that happened in the past. They make people
think about their own situation in the present. In this poem, for example, the poet Du Mu (803-
852) used a historical story to show how upset he felt at the time, as he never had a chance to
achieve his political (政治的) goals.
The story is about the Battle of the Red Cliff, one of the best-known battles of the Three
Kingdoms period (220-280). In the first two lines, Du tells us that he finds a weapon (武器) buried
(掩埋) deep in the sand. After cleaning it, he realizes that it’s from the Battle of the Red Cliff.
Then he starts to recall the story.
“East wind” was the godsend (天赐的) wind that helped General Zhou Yu win. The wind
fanned a fire that damaged Cao Cao’s fleet. If adviser Zhuge Liang had not guessed the direction
of the wind, Zhou would not have won the battle. His wife and sister-in-law would be captured by
Cao.
The poet admires Zhuge Liang’s important role in the battle, but also feels sad about his own
situation. Du had military dreams himself, but never got a chance to show his talent.
In the hopes of having a better government, he often wrote letters to the royal court (朝廷).
The letters criticized (批评) policies and military strategies (策略) of that time. However, they
made little difference. About 50 years after Du’s death, the Tang Dynasty came to an end.
6. The followings are true except that ________.
A. Du Mu wrote about the weapon and then recalled about the battle
B. Cao Cao captured Zhou’s wife and finally won the battle
C. Zhuge Liang was a great role in the battle in Du Mu’s mind
D. Du Mu’s criticism on policies and military strategies was paid little attention to
7. In the poem, which sentence stresses the need for talented people to catch the right moment?
A. We dig out broken halberds buried in the sand.
B. And wash and rub these relics of an ancient war.
C. Had the east wind refused to give a helping hand.
D. Southern beauties would have been captives on northern shore.
8. Du Mu wrote the poem in order to ________.
A. tell people about the past
B. inform others about the meaning of life
C. help people think about what they do now
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D. express his feelings about his unsuccessful political life
9. We can infer from the story that ________.
A. the Tang Dynasty finally became better government after the poet’s death
B. though Zhuge Liang was a success in the battle, but he was not happy about his own
situation
C. Du Mu was a man with military ambition and wanted to help the government
D. Zhuge Liang was Zhou Yu’s enemy
3
Cafe Colombo is a busy store. Rich people with nice clothes and shoes often drink coffee and
eat ice-cream there. Charlie, an eight-year-old boy, always stays in the store. But he doesn’t drink
or eat. He cleans shoes for people because he doesn’t have money to go to school.
One day, a young man in Cafe Colombo asks Charlie to clean his shoes. During the cleaning,
an old man walks into the store. He is selling lottery tickets.
“Lucky numbers! One dollar for a ticket!” he shouts.
“Give me a ticket!” the young man says. Then the ticket-seller gives him one.
When Charlie finishes cleaning, the young man stands up and leaves. He is in a hurry
because a car is waiting outside. He puts the ticket in his bag quickly, but it falls out. Charlie sees
this and shouts out to stop the man. But the young man does not hear Charlie. He gets into the car
and it runs away.
At night, Charlie gets home and shows the ticket to his mother, Emily. Emily looks at it and
sees the number 7-5-3-8-1-2-9-4-6. Isn’t this the winning number for today? One can get 500, 000
dollars with the ticket.
“Where is the ticket from, Charlie?” Emily asks. “It’s from a young man. I’ll give this back to
him tomorrow,” says Charlie.
The next day, Charlie meets the young man at the store and gives the ticket to him. The
young man is touched by Charlie, so he uses the money to help Charlie. Now Charlie is happy to
be a student. So these numbers are lucky for him.
10. What does Charlie often do at Cafe Colombo?
A. He drinks coffee. B. He eats ice-cream.
C. He sells shoes and clothes. D. He cleans shoes for others.
11. The underlined phrase “lottery tickets” in Para. 2 means “________” in Chinese.
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A. 彩票 B. 发票 C. 船票 D. 电影票
12. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Charlie is a waiter of Cafe Colombo.
B. A car is waiting for Charlie at the gate.
C. The young man leaves the store slowly.
D. Charlie gives the ticket to the young man the next day.
13. Why is the number on the ticket lucky for Charlie?
A. Because of it, he makes a friend.
B. Because of it, he can go to school.
C. Because he can use it to help people.
D. Because he gets 500, 000 dollars with it.
14. What can we learn from the story?
A. It’s never too old to learn. B. Many hands make easy work.
C. Doing good things brings luck. D. A friend in need is a true friend
4
The data of digital trade
The diagram (图表) of data
① On Nov.23, 2023, the second Global Digital Trade Expo (GDTE, 数字贸易博览会)
opened in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, with the topic “Digital Trade for Global (全球的)
Business”.
② Digital trade is businesses through digital technology. It covers trades on the Internet,
including the payment and sale of goods, services and other forms of money exchange. People can
buy and sell goods through online stores, Internet platforms, mobile apps or other digital trade
ways.
③ These years, the global trade environment is changing all the time with uncertainty.
Therefore, digital trade has become a new growth point for international trade. The Expo is very
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important for China to make sure its opening-up and share its development chances with other
countries. China wants to improve the partnerships with the world by making the trade growth.
The data (数据) of China’s digital trade reached $359.69 billion in 2021, up 22.3 percent year-on-
year. In 2022, it reached $372.71 billion, 3.4 percent higher than that of last year, which was the
highest record. However, global trade in digital services reached $3.8 trillion in 2021, up 14.3
percent year-on-year and $ 4.1 trillion in 2022.
④ ________ It can be seen at any time and place without real stores or face-to-face
communication. People can easily buy goods through Internet. What’s more, digital trade can be
finished in minutes or seconds without waiting. Internet payment systems make it possible to
exchange money at a moment. Digital trade records can also be correctly found. At the same time,
the data can also provide useful information for business and market research.
⑤ However, digital trade also faces some challenges and risks, including data privacy.
Therefore, it is important to protect personal information when having digital trade.
⑥ In summary, digital trade provides a convenient, fast and open way of trading and
improves the development of business around the world. So everyone should try to get used to the
changes of the new business ways in the period of big data.
15. Which paragraph does the diagram (图表) mainly support?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
16. Which sentence can be put in the ________?
A. Different people have different opinions about digital trade.
B. The importance of digital trade was fully shown in the Expo.
C. China has paid much attention to digital trade with other countries.
D. Digital trade has been developed around the world for some reasons.
17. What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A. To let us know about and get used to digital trade.
B. To show us how China developed the digital trade.
C. To tell us why digital trade is important for China.
D. To advise us to go to the Global Digital Trade Expo.
18. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
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A. B.
C. D.
5
(In the cave)
Tom and Becky walked on, hoping the paths would go back around and lead them to the
staircase (楼梯) again. But as they walked, the children never found themselves back at the
staircase. Becky saw a look of confusion (慌乱) showing on Tom’s face, and she felt afraid.
“Tom, we’re lost, aren’t we?” She said.
“I’m so sorry, Becky. I don’t know where we are! And I haven’t been making smoke marks
on the wall! I’m so stupid!”
Becky fell to the ground, and started to cry wildly.
Tom tried to ease her thoughts, but there was little he could do to help. “Alright, Becky. Let’s
not cry too much now, and waste our energy. We should just keep walking. As long as we walk,
there’s hope.”
And so they walked with no idea where they were going. They had lost all sense of time.
They did not know if it was night or day. Becky grew weaker and weaker as they went. Tom, after
a while, had to put out the candle in order to save it, for he only had one more in his pocket. And
so much of the time they walked in total darkness, feeling their way along the walls.
Tom lit the candle again, and made his way down one of the passages. While he was feeling
around, his hand suddenly touched another hand. Tom jumped back, held out his candle far in
front of him to see who was there. A face then appeared from down below. It was the face of Injun
Joe!
Both of them screamed, and then Injun Joe turned and disappeared quickly into the darkness.
Tom turned and made his way back to where Becky was sitting. He decided not to tell Becky what
he had seen, and just said that he had shouted for luck. But in his mind, he could not stop
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wondering if Injun Joe would soon return to kill him.
Adapted from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
19. What is the correct order of the events in the story?
a. Tom and Becky walked for long without light.
b. Becky cried and Tom tried to ease her.
c. Tom lit the candle again and met Injun Joe.
d. Tom and Becky were lost in the cave.
A. a-c-d-b B. b-a-c-d C. d-b-c-a D. d-b-a-c
20. The underlined word “screamed” in last paragraph probably means ________.
A. smiled B. danced C. shouted D. walked
21. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Tom didn’t want Becky to be more worried. B. Becky cried wildly because they were
lost.
C. Injun Joe was Tom and Becky’s friend. D. Tom has made smoke marks on the wall.
22. How did Tom most probably feel at the end of the story?
A. Excited. B. Calm. C. Afraid. D. Surprised.
6
With a habit of drinking coffee on weekends while doing schoolwork, Wu Zibo, a 17-year-
old student from Beijing No. 4 High School, wanted to order a cup of Moutai-flavored latte (茅台
味拿铁). “I wonder how my father’s favorite Chinese liquor (白酒) would taste with my favorite
coffee.” Wu said.
Moutai, known as the national liquor brand of China, made a coffee called “Jiangxiang Latte”
with Luckin (瑞幸) Coffee. It is put into a bag with a Moutai picture and has less than 0.5 percent
of 53 degrees Moutai in a cup. The two companies sold 5.42 million cups and earned 100 million
yuan just on the first day after it came out, China Daily reported.
Independent food industry researcher Zhu Danpeng said the partnership was good for both
brands. “Moutai and Luckin are the leading companies in the liquor and coffee field,” Zhu said.
“On the one hand, Moutai becomes younger through making things together with Luckin. On the
other hand, for Luckin, it has collected more older customers and become more popular.”
Many brands choose to have a partnership and make products together. However, wrong
partnerships may have bad influence on the brands. For example, the coffee brand Manner and the
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brand Louis Vuitton (LV) asked customers to buy two books at the price of 580 yuan so that they
can get a free cloth LV bag. People doubted whether the books and the bag were worth the price.
“The key to having a partnership is about how good the products are. The brands should not
just care about getting the public excited.” Zhu Danpeng said.
23. The writer begins the passage by ________.
A. giving an example B. asking questions
C. showing an idea D. comparing two brands
24. The underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to “________”.
A. Moutai liquor B. Jiangxiang Latte C. the LV bag D. Manner coffee
25. Which idea may Zhu Danpeng most agree with?
A. Moutai shouldn’t have a partnership with Luckin.
B. Jiangxiang Latte sold well because it’s cheap.
C. The key to successful partnerships is good products.
D. More brands should work together to make products.
26. You may read the passage in a (an) ________.
A. notice B. newspaper C. guide book D. advertisement
7
Many Chinese words include directions or positions such as “east”, “west”, “left” and
“right”. For example, we say “maidongxi (买东西)” instead of “mainanbei (买南北)”. What is the
Chinese history and culture hidden behind these words?
Why do we say “maidongxi”? Some say that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular
markets in Chang’an. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market and the West
Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as “maidongxi”.
Another reason is about China’s trading history. Around the 15th century, the Ming Dynasty
began trading with the world. Most of its goods came from the east (Japan) and the west (Arabia).
Markets sold “things from the east and the west”, which was later called “east and west”.
We say “yijianxiangzuo (意见相左)” when we have different opinions. In ancient Chinese,
“left” was about being different, such as in “yijianxiangzuo”. If people don’t accept common
beliefs, we still say they are following “pangmenzuodao (旁门左道)”. “Left” and “right” also
have something to do with people’s social status (地位). For example, the character “右”,
coming from “right”, means a person in a higher position would protect someone in a lower
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position.
27. How many reasons for the use of “maidongxi” are mentioned in the passage?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
28. People in the Ming Dynasty said “maidongxi” mainly because ________.
A. they bought things in the East and the West Market
B. they learned to say it from the East and the West countries
C. most things in the East and the West Market were better
D. most things came from the East and the West countries
29. According to the passage, if a person has a “zuoxingzi (左性子)”, he is probably ________.
A. friendly B. normal C. strange D. lazy
30. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Changes of Using “maidongxi” and “zuo”
B. Different Uses of Chinese “maidongxi” and “zuo”
C. Different Meanings of “maidongxi” and “zuo”
D. History and Culture Behind “maidongxi” and “zuo”
8
Stephen Hawking was probably the world’s most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He
was an expert on black holes. He put his whole life into digging into the beginning and the end of
the universe.
“My goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is to completely understand the universe, why it
is as it is and why it is there at all.”
Hawking received many awards and prizes for his work over the years. This includes
winning the Albert Einstein Award. It is the highest achievement in theoretical physics (理论物理).
But Hawkin’s achitvements are even greater if you think of his disability.
Hawking had a bad illness that stopped him from moving or talking. Later he got a
wheelchair with a computer by his side. He moved two fingers to control the computer’s mouse.
He chose his words from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer (合成器).
This helped him communicate better.
To have had the disease for most of my life, and I even have had no way to communicate
except by simple eye movements since 2019. Hawking once said, “Yet it has not stopped me from
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being successful at my work. ”
Hawking tried to make science more popular with people. In 1988, he wrote A Brief History
of Time, sharing his understanding of the universe with other people. The book was a best-seller
for a long time. So far, it has sold more than 10 million copies around the world. Hawking also
wrote a children’s book—Unlocking the Universe with his daughter. He said the book would be “a
bit like Harry Potter” but without the magic.
Hawking liked pop culture. He sang in rock songs. He even played roles in popular TV plays
including Star Trek (1992), The Simpsons (1999) and The Big Bang Theory (2012). He played
himself in all these shows and was proud of making the audience laugh.
31. Which field hasn’t Hawking succeeded in?
A. The study on universe. B. Writing books on science.
C. Acting in TV plays. D. Showing talent in computers.
32. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Hawking should be given bigger awards for his spirits.
B. Hawking was praised because people felt sorry for his illness.
C. Hawking had to work much harder than a healthy person.
D. Hawking’s difficulty to move gave him more time to study science.
33. What improved Hawking’s difficult situation?
A. His two fingers. B. His eye movements.
C. The help of his daughter. D. A wheelchair and a computer.
34. What does the passage mainly want to show?
A. Hawking made science popular.
B. Hawking lived his life to the full.
C. Hawking was a genius in science.
D. Hawking had a great sense of humour.
9
In the Americas (在美洲), Asia, and Africa there’s a special kind of forest called the cloud
forest. Cloud forests can be found in the clouds on the mountains.
Like rainforests, cloud forests experience rainfall (降雨), but they also catch water straight
from the air. Water condenses (凝结), you’ll hear the drop of water, even if it’s not raining. The
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water caught is clear and unpolluted through the ground into rivers.
Some people call cloud forests water towers, because they are so important in providing
water for nearby villages and cities. But it’s not just humans who depend on cloud forests. They
are also home to a lot of animals and plants.
Cloud forests are very special places. But they face problems. Local poor people clear the
forests so that they can grow crops. They also hunt (猎杀) endangered animals for meat, and cut
down trees to heat their homes and cook. Farmers convert (改造) the land so that they can grow
fruits and coffee beans (咖啡豆).
Once cloud forests are cleared, the harm (伤害) can be irreversible (不可逆转的). Many
species (物种) which are important to the ecosystem (生态系统), go away.
Cloud forests are very valuable. With laws to protect them, we might be able to save them
before it’s too late.
35. The water of cloud forests comes from _________.
A. the rain B. the air C. rivers D. clouds
36. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The meanings of cloud forests. B. The problems of cloud forests.
C. The advantages of cloud forests. D. The importance of cloud forests.
37. From Paragraph 4, we know _________.
A. people are trying to save the cloud forests
B. people are doing harms to the cloud forests
C. farmers are making better uses of cloud forests
D. farmers are turning the cloud forests into green land
38. What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To ask people to protect cloud forests. B. To tell people cloud forests are valuable.
C. To make people know more about forests. D. To encourage people to walk close to
nature.
10
In the livestreaming channel (直播频道) of Yang Weiyun, no products are sold. Yang teaches
pinyin, something that has been most familiar to her for the past 30 years. The difference is her
students are mostly adults.
The 73-year-old comes from Huainan city of Anhui province and is an experienced educator.
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She had been a Chinese teacher in a primary school for 30 years. In retirement (退休), Yang
wanted to do something meaningful. The rise of short video platforms gave her the idea of
continuing her educational work through livestreaming online.
Yang opened her livestreaming account in May 2021 and offered free pinyin courses
designed for children about to attend primary schools. However, she gradually learnt among her
viewers there are a lot of illiterate (不识字的) adults. She found many of them are afraid to go to
new places and worried that they couldn’t teach their children or read their boss’s instructions. So
she added targeted content to meet their needs.
Zhang Mei is among the students who benefit (受益) from Yang’s livestreaming lessons. She
was born and raised in the countryside and had never been to school. She watches Yang’s
livestreaming whenever there is spare time. Now she can read Chinese characters if they are
marked with pinyin and knows how to write her name. She also found a job.
Yang said students learning through her livestreaming channel each have their own needs. So
she always prepares her classes carefully after finishing a livestreaming lesson. She tries her best
to find out what ways the students can learn and remember better, and her biggest wish now is to
see these students graduate from her classes.
39. In her livestreaming, Yang ________.
A. sells products to people B. tells people how to teach kids
C. teaches people how to read and write D. gives advice on how to take care of children
40. Yang started livestreaming online because ________.
A. she wanted to support her family B. she found many illiterates need her help
C. she sometimes felt bored after her retirement D. she wanted to spend her time in a
meaningful way
41. What can we infer from Zhang Mei’s story?
A. Yang has made a difference to her life. B. Yang tries to help her in every possible way.
C. Many kids are still unable to go to school. D. More good teachers are needed to
livestream online.
42. From the last paragraph, we can know ________.
A. Yang is strict with her students B. Yang gets a lot of fun from helping others
C. Yang takes her livestreaming seriously D. Yang dreams to help more people in the
future
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