四级真题2017-2020一键打印版_大学英语四六级_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题

2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套 ）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a/n advertisement on your campus
website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand,
features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least
120 words but no more them 180 words.
Part n Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions ： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B) C) emd D).
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Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single li/ne
through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The self-driving system was faulty. C) The man in the car was absent-minded.
B) The car was moving at a fast speed. D) The test driver made a wrong judgment.
2. A) They have generally done quite well.
B) They have caused several severe crashes.
C) They have posed a threat to other drivers.
D) They have done better than conventional cars.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) He is a queen bee specialist. C) He removed the bees from the boot.
B) He works at a national park. D) He drove the bees away from his car.
4. A) They were making a lot of noise. C) They were dancing in a unique way.
B) They were looking after the queen. D) They were looking for a new box to live in.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) The latest test on a rare animal species. C) The second trip to a small remote island.
B) The finding of two new species of frog. D) The discovery of a new species of snake.
6. A) He fell from a tall palm tree by accident.
B) A snake crawled onto his head in his sleep.
C) He discovered a rare frog on a deserted island.
D) A poisonous snake attacked him on his field trip.
2017.6/ 1 (第 1 套)7. A) From its origin. C) From its colour.
B) From its length. D) From its genes.
Section B
Directions ： In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each corwersation, you
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will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) The airport is a long way from the hotel. C) He has to check a lot of luggage.
B) His flight is leaving in less than 2 hours. D) The security check takes time.
9. A) In cash. C) With his smart phone.
B) By credit card. D) With a traveler's check.
10. A) Look after his luggage. C) Give him a receipt.
B) Find a porter for him. D) Confirm his flight.
11. A) Posting a comment on the hoteVs webpage.
B) Staying in the same hotel next time he comes.
C) Signing up for membership of Sheraton Hotel.
D) Loading her luggage onto the airport shuttle.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He becomes tearful in wind. C) He is his teacher's favorite student.
B) He is the only boy in his family. D) He has stopped making terrible faces.
13. A) Warn him of danger by making up a stoiy. C) Do something funny to amuse him.
B) Give him some cherry stones to play with. D) Tell him to play in her backyard.
14. A) They could knock people unconscious. C) They could sometimes terrify adults.
B) They could fly against a strong wind. D) They could break people's legs.
15. A) One would have curly hair if they ate too much stale bread.
B) One would go to prison if they put a stamp on upside down.
C) One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair.
D) One would get a spot on their tongue if they told a lie deliberately.
Section C
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear
three or four questions. Both the passage cmd the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you miist choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
svngle li/ne through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Everything seemed to be changing. C) People were excited to go traveling overseas.
B) People were formal and disciplined. D) Things from the Victorian era came back alive.
2017.6/ 2 (第 1 套)17. A) Watching TV at home. C) Drinking coffee.
B) Meeting people. D) Trying new foods.
18. A) He was interested in stylish dresses. C) He was a young student in the 1960s.
B) He was able to make a lot of money. D) He was a man full of imagination.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) They avoid looking at them. C) They show anger on their faces.
B) They run away immediately. D) They make threatening sounds.
20. A) It turns to its owner for help. C) It looks away and gets angry too.
B) It turns away to avoid conflict. D) It focuses its eyes on their mouths.
21. A) By observing their facial features carefully.
B) By focusing on a particular body movement.
C) By taking in their facial expressions as a whole.
D) By interpreting different emotions in different ways.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They have to look for food and shelter underground.
B) They take little notice of the changes in temperature.
C) They resort to different means to survive the bitter cold.
D) They have difficulty adapting to the changed environment.
23. A) They have their weight reduced to the minimum.
B) They consume energy stored before the long sleep.
C) They can maintain their heart beat at the normal rate.
D) They can keep their body temperature warm and stable.
24. A) By staying in hiding places and eating veiy little.
B) By seeking food and shelter in people's houses.
C) By growing thicker hair to stay warm.
D) By storing enough food beforehand.
25. A) To stay safe. C) To keep company.
B) To save energy. D) To protect the young.
Part UI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice vn the bcmk is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use cmy of the words in the
bank more tha/n once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花),for example, which give
many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was first
mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27
2017.6/ 3 (第 1 套)ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at
a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The
different shapes of the containers 28 they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be
ancient beer-making tools,“ and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the
researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30 that theory,
the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about
80% , were from cereal crops like barley (大麦)，and about 10% were bits of roots 32 lily, which
?
would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find： the crop was
domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a 33 food in central China until about 2,000
years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34 in
the region not as food, but as 35 material for beer brewing.
A) arrived I) relatively
B) consuming J) remains
C) direct K) resources
D) exclusively L) staple
E) including M) suggest
F) inform N) surprising
G) raw 0) test
H) reached
Section B
Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains 讽formation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more them once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Blessing and Curse of the People Who Never Forget
A handful of people ccm recall almost every day of their lives vn enormous detail—and after years
of research, neuroscientists are fi/nally begi/nning to understand how they do it.
A) For most of us, memory is a mess of blurred and faded pictures of our lives. As much as we would
like to cling on to our past, even the saddest moments can be washed away with time.
B) Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you
the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of the train he was sitting on his
journey to work. " My memory is like a library of video tapes, walk-throughs of every day of my life
from waking to sleeping, “ he explains.
C) Veiseh can even put a date on when those tapes started recording： 15 December 2000, when he met
his first girlftiend at his best friend's 16th birthday party. He had always had a good memory, but
the thrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind： from now on, he would start
recording his whole life in detail. "I could tell you everything about every day after that. ”
D) Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists (神经科学专家)hoping
to understand the way the brain records our lives. A couple of recent papers have finally opened a
window on these people's extraordinary minds. And such research might even suggest ways for us
2017.6/ 4 (第 1 套)all to relive our past with greater clarity.
E) 4 Highly superior autobiographical memoiy' (or HSAM for short), first came to light in the early
2000s, with a young woman named Jill Price. Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher
Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12.
Could he help explain her experiences?
F) McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her： he would give her a date and ask her to tell
him about the world events on that day. True to her word, she was correct almost every time.
G) It didn't take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her u total
recall” ，and thanks to the subsequent media interest, a few dozen other subjects (including
Veiseh) have since come forward and contacted the team at the University of California, Irvine.
H) Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred： although they can remember uautobiographicalw
life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal
information, such as random (任意选取的)lists of words. Nor are they necessarily better at
remembering a round of drinks, say. And although their memories are vast, they are still likely to
suffer from a false memories”. Clearly, there is no such thing as a u perfectn memory- their
extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. The question is,
how?
I) Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently studied around 20 people with
HSAM and found that they scored particularly high on two measures ： fantasy proneness (倾向)and
absorption. Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas
absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity一to pay
complete attention to the sensations (感 受 )and the experiences. “I'm extremely sensitive to
sounds, smells and visual detail J explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these
studies. "I definitely feel things more strongly than the average person.”
J) The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recollection, says Patihis, and the
fantasy proneness means that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and
months. Each time this initial memory trace is “replayed” , it becomes even stronger. In some
ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day- but the
difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day
in, day out, for the whole of their lives.
K) Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM, though, so Patihis suggests that
something must have caused them to think so much about their past. " Maybe some experience in
their childhood meant that they became obsessed (着 迷 )with calendars and what happened to
them, " says Patihis.
L) The people with HSAM I've interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. On
the plus side, it allows you to relive the most transformative and enriching experiences. Veiseh, for
instance, travelled a lot in his youth. In his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the
paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.
M) Imagine being able to remember every painting, on every wall, in every gallery space, between
nearly 40 countries, “ he says. " Thafs a big education in art by itself. " With this comprehensive
knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.
N) Donohue, now a histoiy teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education：aI can
definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school. I could imagine what the teacher was
2017.6/ 5 (第 1 套)saying or what it looked like in the book. ”
O) Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits, however. Viewing the past in high
definition can make it veiy difficult to get over pain and regret. "It can be veiy hard to forget
embarrassing moments, “ says Donohue. " You feel the same emotions- it is just as raw, just as
fresh... You can't turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try. ” Veiseh agrees ：a It
is like having these open wounds- they are just a part of you, “ he says.
P) This means they often have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest. Bill, for instance, often
gets painful “flashbacks"，in which unwanted memories intrude into his consciousness, but overall
he has chosen to see it as the best way of avoiding repeating the same mistakes. " Some people are
absorbed in the past but not open to new memories, but thafs not the case for me. I look forward
to each day and experiencing something new. ”
36. People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal
information.
37. Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM.
38. Veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.
39. Many more people with HSAM started to contact researchers due to the mass media.
40. People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid focusing on the past.
41. Most people do not have clear memories of past events.
42. HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing.
43. A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memoiy.
44. Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.
45. A recent study of people with HSAM reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an
activity.
Section C
Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) B ), C) and
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D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single li/ne through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The phrase almost completes itself： midlife crisis. It's the stage in the middle of the journey when
people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching.
There's only one problem with the cliche (套话).It isn't true.
“In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies
conducted decades ago,“ Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined. The bulk of the
research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s, but this shift “ can be
exciting, rather than terrifying.
Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth. They break
routines, because “ autopilot is death. n They choose purpose over happiness- having a clear sense of
purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease. They give priority to relationships, as careers
often recede (逐渐淡化).
2017.6/ 6 (第 1 套)Life Rei/magi/ned paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy. Midlife seems like the
second big phase of decision-making. Your identity has been formed ； you've built up your resources ；
and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure.
Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, “the sowing is behind；
now is the time to reap. The run has been taken； now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made；
now is the time for the venture of the work itself. v
The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a
u measured hastew to get big new things done while there is still time.
What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have
presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is
changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent
is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.
46. What does the author think of the phrase amidlife crisis”？
A) It has led to a lot of debate. C) It is no longer fashionable.
B) It is widely acknowledged. D) It misrepresents real life.
47. How does Barbara Hagerty view midlife?
A) It may be the beginning of a crisis. C) It can be terrifying for the unprepared.
B) It can be a new phase of one's life. D) It may see old-age diseases approaching.
48. How is midlife pictured in the book Life Reimagined2
A) It can be quite rosy. C) It undergoes radical transformation.
B) It can be burdensome. D) It makes for the best part of one's life.
49. According to Karl Barth, midlife is the t i m e .
A) to relax B) to mature C) to harvest D) to reflect
50. What does the author say about midlife today?
A) It is more meaningful than other stages of life.
B) It is likely to change the narrative of one's life.
C) It is more important to those with a longer lifespan.
D) It is likely to be a critical turning point in one's life.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter's end. So it's
no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.
Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others
elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the
Russians starting in the 19th century.
One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been
drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs
that speak to the anxieties of our age ： Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.
“There's something about their delicate nature that appeals to me," says New Yorker cartoonist
Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian
technique to draw her very modem characters. "I've broken eggs at every stage of the process- from
the very beginning to the very, very end. ”
2017.6/ 7 (第 1 套)But there's an appeal in that vulnerability. "There's part of this sickening horror of knowing you're
walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.
Chast's designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.
Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were
believed to offer protection against evil.
“There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world,“
says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having
learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.
The tradition, dating back to 300 B. C. , was later incorporated into the Christian church. The old
symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is
a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.
51. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg?
A) It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.
B) It is their mgjor source of protein in winter.
C) It can easily be made into a work of art.
D) It can bring wealth and honor to them.
52. What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia?
A) They are shaped like jewel cases. C) They are heavily painted in red.
B) They are cherished by the rich. D) They are favored as a form of art.
53. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition?
A) Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.
B) Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.
C) Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.
D) Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.
54. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs?
A) She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.
B) She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.
C) She always derives great pleasure from designing something new.
D) She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.
55. What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting?
A) It originated in the eastern part of Europe.
B) It has a history of over two thousand years.
C) It is the most time-honored form of fancy art.
D) It is especially favored as a church decoration.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to trcmslate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your cmswer on Answer Sheet 2.
黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，
流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河漉域(Hver basin)是中国古
代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多
次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
2017.6/ 8 (第 1 套)2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套 ）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your ca/mpus
website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may
inchide a brief description of their content, their condition and price, and your contact
information. You should write at least 720 words but no more than 180 words.
Part n Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions ： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hea/r a question, you m/ust
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.
B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.
C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.
D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.
2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.
B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.
C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.
D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.
B) A series of ir\juries to snowmobile drivers.
C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.
D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.
4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.
B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.
D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading. C) It disappeared between two large islands.
B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Com Island. D) It turned over because of strong winds.
2017.6/ 1 (第 2 套)6. A) 13. B) 25. C) 30. D) 32.
7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort. C) He was drowned with the passengers.
B) He is being investigated by the police. D) He is among those people missing.
Section B
Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A) B ), C) and Z>). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
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with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) At a shopping centre. C) At an accountancy firm.
B) At a community college. D) At an IT company.
9. A) Helping out with data input. C) Sorting application fonns.
B) Arranging interviews. D) Making phone calls.
10. A) He enjoys using computers. C) He wants to work in the city centre.
B) He needs the money badly. D) He has relevant working experience.
11. A) Purchase some business suits. C) Improve his programming skills.
B) Learn some computer language. D) Review some accountancy terms.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) They are keen on high technology.
B) They are poor at technology skills.
C) They often listen to National Public Radio.
D) They feel superior in science and technology.
13. A) Japanese. C) Poles.
B) Germans. D) Americans.
14. A) Emailing. C) Science.
B) Texting. D) Literacy.
15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform. C) It has much room for improvement.
B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking. D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.
Section C
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you m/ust choose the best cmswerfrom the four choices marked
A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have small roots. C) They taste like apples.
B) They grow white flowers. D) They come from Central Africa.
17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.
B) They became popular on the world market.
C) They became an important food for humans.
D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.
2017.6/ 2 (第 2 套)18. A) They were found quite nutritious. C) People discovered their medicinal value.
B) There were serious food shortages. D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) She could update her family any time she liked.
B) She could call up her family whenever she liked.
C) She could locate her friends wherever they were.
D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.
20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success.
B) She eryoyed reading her friends' status updates.
C) She felt quite popular among them.
D) She felt she was a teenager again.
21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.
B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family.
C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.
D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They have strong muscles. C) They eat much less in winter.
B) They live a longer life than horses. D) They can work longer than donkeys.
23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king. C) It was brought over from Spain.
B) It was bought by George Washington. D) It was donated by a U. S. ambassador.
24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.
B) They participated in a mule-driving competition.
C) They showed and traded animals in the market.
D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.
25. A) The wider use of horses. C) A shrinking animal trade.
B) The arrival of tractors. D) A growing donkey population.
Part DI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bcmk following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making yowr choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the
bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not
only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During
26 exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle
performance can also be affected by a 27 called “ central fatigue, “ in which an imbalance in the
body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements
28 . It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not
2017.6/ 3 (第 2 套)directly 29 in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave
11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的) 30 either with a moderate dose of caffeine
(咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂)without,
during 3 hours of 31 , After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras
to see how well their brains could still 32 their visual system. The team found that exercise
reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8% , 33 their ability to capture new visual
information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was 34 to reverse this
effect, with some cyclists even displaying 35 eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to
get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
A) cautiously I) phenomenon
B) commit J) preventing
C) control K) sensitive
D) cycling L) slowing
E) effectively M) solution
F) increased N) sufficient
G) involved O) vigorous
H) limited
Section B
Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more them once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Team Spirit
A) Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements
routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance
in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old
as civilisation, of course ： even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “ Global
Human Capital Trends"，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries,
suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said
their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始)it； and for
the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
B) Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into
cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are
gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each
other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise ： a
network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).
C) The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both
the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places
greater value on agility (灵活,性). John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc. , a worldwide
leader in electronics products, says that “ we compete against market transitions (过渡)，not
2017.6/ 4 (第 2 套)competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years； now they take one or two. ”
Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to
hierarchy. The “ miUeTmials ”（千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich
countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
D） The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects （such as GE and IBM） to
some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical
staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas ； consultants, nurses and others collaborate
closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same
way. In his book, Tea/m of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's
hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution
was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting ： decentralising authority to self-organising
teams.
E） A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management
bcmdwagon （追随一种管理潮流）,it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of
Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer- teams may provide insight,
creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot ； but teamwork may
also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.The late Richard Hackman of Harvard
University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that
it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don't count on it. ”
F） Hackman （who died in 2013） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and
motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. Highflyers （能干的人）who are forced
to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be
unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their
supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's
membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
G） Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their
members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many
big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time：
America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation
database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard
points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun： they form teams for
specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
H） The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about
managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism （感情用事）：the most successful
teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to
keep teams small and focused ： giving in to pressure to be more u inclusiveis a guarantee of
dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that “ If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the
team is too big. " They need to immunise teams against group-think： Hackman argued that the best
ones contain “ devicmt” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to
others.
I） A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does
consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “ engaged" is to give them more control
over where and how they do their work一which may mean liberating them from having to do
2017.6/ 5 （第 2 套）everything in collaboration with others.
J) However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better： they
need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team­
building skills are in short supply： Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted
feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their
ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction一
employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend
too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan
offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt
action.
37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.
39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.
41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.
42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.
43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.
44. To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and
how they work.
45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
Section C
Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), 8), C) and
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.
Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl
rather than luxury alternatives.
This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from
£ L 19 billion in 2011 to £ 1.12 billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company
Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to
£1.11 bilUon in 2016.
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the
number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2% , with the average household reducing their toilet
roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.
Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper- including facial
tissue and kitchen roll—to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators
of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious
alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,“ said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These
2017.6/ 6 (第 2 套)extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these
types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy- in theory at least一when it
comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57% ) followed by strength
(45% ) and thickness (36% ).
One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,
highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product
quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying
recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.
46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased b e c a u s e .
A) Britons have cut their spending on it
B) its prices have gone up over the years
C) its quality has seen marked improvement
D) Britons have developed the habit of saving
47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
A) It will expand in time. C) It will experience ups and downs.
B) It will remain gloomy. D) It will recover as population grows.
48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
A) Special offers would promote its sales.
B) Consumers are loyal to certain brands.
C) Luxurious features add much to the price.
D) Consumers have a variety to choose from.
49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.
B) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
C) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.
D) They reject using toilet paper with urmecessary features.
50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A) More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.
B) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.
C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.
D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
“ One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was
younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way- by stopping
abruptly and completely.
In her study, participants were rcmdondy (随 机 地 )assigned to two groups. One had to quit
abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the
course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, in
addition to a second form of nicotme replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with
a nurse before and after quit day.
2017.6/ 7 (第 2 套)Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it一more than one-fifth of
them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is
much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convmcing given that before the study started, most of the
people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon,
you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as
well. They think, 4 Well, if I gradually reduce, ifs like practice, , n says Lindson-Hawley. But that
wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings
(瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in
that group actually made it to that point. " Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit,
quitting abruptly is more effective, “ says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. " When you can quote a specific
number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the
encouragement, I think, to really go for it,“ Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they tiy. But at least, she says, they can maximize the
odds of success.
51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A) She quit smoking with her daughter's help.
B) She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
C) She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
D) She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
52. What kind of support 祖d smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley^ study?
A) They were given physical training. C) They were encouraged by psychologists.
B) They were looked after by physicians. D) They were offered nicotine replacements.
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawle/s experiment?
A) It is idealized. C) It is encouraging.
B) It is unexpected. D) It is misleading.
54. The idea of “a marathon,, (Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking
A) is something few can accomplish C) requires a lot of patience
B) needs some practice first D) is a challenge at the beginning
55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
A) They find it even more difficult.
B) They are simply unable to make it.
C) They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.
D) They feel much less pam in the process.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，
灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江漉域(river basin)居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文
化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三兔洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来,长江一
直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
2017.6/ 8 (第 2 套)2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套 ）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions ： For ihis part, you are (Mowed 30 mmutes to write cm advertisement on your campus
website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may inchide its
brand, specifications/features, condition and price and your contact wformation. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说明：由于2017年6 月四级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容完全一样,只是顺
序不一样,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part DI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ba/nk following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice vn the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use cmy of the words in the
bank more them once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
America's Internet is faster than ever before, but people still complain about their Internet being
too slow.
New York's Attorney General's office 26 an investigation in the fall into whether or not
Verizon, Cablevision and Time Warner are delivering broadband thafs as fast as the providers 27 it
is. Earlier this month, the office asked for the public's help to measure their speed results, saying
consumers 28 to get the speeds they were promised. " Too many of us may be paying for one
thing, and getting another,the Attorney General said.
If the investigation uncovers anything, it wouldn't be the first time a telecom provider got into
29 over the broadband speeds it promised and delivered customers. Back in June, the Federal
Communications Commission fined AT<ST $ 100 million over 30 that the carrier secretly reduced
wireless speeds after customers consumed a certain amount of 31 .
Even when they stay on the right side of the law, Internet providers arouse customers' anger over
bandwidth speed and cost. Just this week, an investigation found that media and telecom giant
Comcast is the most 32 provider. Over 10 months, Comcast received nearly 12,000 customer
complaints, many 33 to its monthly data cap and overage (超过额度的)charges.
Some Americans are getting so 34 with Internet providers they're just giving up. A recent study
found that the number of Americans with high-speed Internet at home today 35 fell during the last
two years, and 15% of people now consider themselves to be “ cord-cutters. v
A) accusations I) hated
B) actually J) launched
C) claim K) relating
D) communicating L) times
E) complain M) trouble
F) data N) usually
G) deserved 0) worried
H) frustrated
2017.6/ 1 (第3 套)Section B
Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the ivformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
From Accountant to Yogi ： Making a Radical Career Change
A) At some point, almost all of us will experience a period of radical professional change. Some of us
will seek it out； for others it will feel like an unwelcome intrusion into otherwise stable careers.
Either way, we have choices about how we respond to it when it comes.
B) We recently caught up with yoga entrepreneur Leah Zaccaria, who put herself through the fire of
change to completely reinvent herself. In her search to live a life of purpose, Leah left her high-
paying accounting job, her husband, and her home. In the process, she built a radically new life
and career. Since then, she has founded two yoga studios, met a new life partner, and formed a
new community of people. Even if your personal reinvention is less drastic, we think there are
lessons from her experience that apply.
C) Where do the seeds of change come from? The Native American Indians have a saying： "Pay
attention to the whispers so you won't have to hear the screams.Often the best ideas for big
changes come from unexpected places—it's just a matter of tuning in. Great leaders recognize the
weak signals or slight signs that point to big changes to come. Leah reflects on a time she listened
to the whispers： "About the time my daughter was five years old, I started having a sense that ' this
isn't right. ' " She then realized that her life no longer matched her vision for it.
D) Up until that point, Leah had followed traditional measures of success. After graduating with a
degree in business and accounting, she joined a public accounting firm, married, bought a house,
put lots of stuff in it, and had a baby. "I did what eveiybody else thought looked successful, she
says. Leah easily could have fallen into a trap of feeling content； instead, her energy sparked a
period of experimentation and renewal.
E) Feeling the need to change, Leah started playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests
and developing new capabilities. First trying physical exercise and dieting, she lost some weight
and discovered an inner strength, " I felt powerful because I broke through my own limitations, ”
she recalls.
F) However, it was another interest that led Leah to radically reinvent herself. "I remember sitting on
a bench with my aunt at a yoga studio, “ she said, “and having a moment of clarity right then and
there： Yoga is saving my life. Yoga is waking me up. Tm not happy and I want to change and I'm
done with this. " In that moment of clarity Leah made an important leap, conquering her inner
resistance to change and making a firm commitment to take bigger steps.
G) Creating the future you want is a lot easier if you are ready to exploit the opportunities that come
your way. When Leah made the commitment to change, she primed herself to new opportunities
she may otherwise have overlooked. She recalls ：
H) One day a man I worked with, Ryan, who had his office next to mine, said, “Leah, lefs go look at
this space on Queen Anne. ” He knew my love for yoga and had seen a space close to where he
lived that he thought might be good to serve as a yoga studio. As soon as I saw the location, I knew
this was it. Of course I was scared, yet I had this strong sense of “I have to do this. " Only a few
months later Leah opened her first yoga studio, but success was not instant.
I) Creating the future takes time. That's why leaders continue to manage the present while building
toward the big changes of the future. When it's time to make the leap, they take action and
immediately drop what's no longer serving their purpose. Initially Leah stayed with her accounting
job while starting up the yoga studio to make it all work.
J) Soon after, she knew she had to make a bold move to fully commit to her new future. Within two
2017.6/ 2 (第3 套)years, Leah shed the safety of her accounting job and made the switch complete. Such drastic
change is not easy.
K) Steering through change and facing obstacles brings us face to face with our fears. Leah reflects on
one incident that triggered her fears, when her investors threatened to shut her down： "I was
probably up against the most fear Fve ever had," she says. “I had spent two years cultivating this
community, and it had become successful very fast, but within six months I was facing the prospect
of losing it all.
L) She connected with her sense of purpose and dug deep, cultivating a tremendous sense of strength.
“I was feeling so intentional and strong that I wasn't going to let fear just take over. I was thinking,
'OK, guys, if you want to try to shut me down, shut me down. ' And I knew it was a negotiation
scheme, so I was able to say to myself, 6 This is not real. ' " By naming her fears and facing them
head-on, Leah gained confidence. For most of us, letting go of the safety and security of the past
gives us great fear. Calling out our fears explicitly, as Leah did, can help us act decisively.
M) The cycle of renewal never ends. Leah's growth spurred her to open her second studio- and it
wasn't for the money.
N) I have no desire to make millions of dollars. It's not about that； ifs about growth for me. Honestly,
I didn't need to open a second studio. I was making as much money as I was as an accountant. But
I know if you don't grow, you stand still, and that doesn't work for me.
O) Consider the current moment in your own life, your team or your organization. Where are you in
the cycle of renewal ： Are you actively preserving the present, or selectively forgetting the past, or
boldly creating the future? What advice would Leah give you to move you ahead on your journey?
Once we're on the path of growth, we can continually move through the seasons of transformation
and renewal.
36. Readiness to take advantage of new opportunities will make it easier to create one's desired future.
37. By conventional standards, Leah was a typical successful woman before she changed her career.
38. Leah gained confidence by laying out her fears and confronting them directly.
39. In search of a meaningful life, Leah gave up what she had and set up her own yoga studios.
40. Leah's interest in yoga prompted her to make a firm decision to reshape her life.
41. Small signs may indicate great changes to come and therefore merit attention.
42. Leah's first yoga studio was by no means an immediate success.
43. Some people regard professional change as an unpleasant experience that disturbs their stable
careers.
44. The worst fear Leah ever had was the prospect of losing her yoga business.
45. As she explored new interests and developed new potentials, Leah felt powerful internally.
Section C
Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B ), C) cmd
D). You should decide on the best choice cmd mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Urbanization一migration away from the suburbs to the city center一will be the biggest real estate
trend in 2015, according to a new report.
The report says America's urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the
industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making
cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
As smaller cities copy the model of these "24-hour cities,“ more affordable versions of these
2017.6 1 3 (第 3 套)places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the u 18-hour city, “ and uses the term
to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are a positioning themselves as
highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural
facilities. n
Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America's largest population group, MiUemiials
(千禧一代), will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for
Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents
disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents' footsteps, moving to the suburbs to
raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.
Another issue affecting real estate in the coining year will be America's failing infrastructure. Most
roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed
50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
The reporfs writers state that America's failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the
health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report
portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “ upcycle ” and improving
economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “ good to excellent,, expectation of
real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns,
resulting in a real-estate “bubble," the report's writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has
not yet occurred.
46. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will w i t n e s s .
A) an accelerating speed C) a new focus on small cities
B) a shift to city centers D) an ever-increasing demand
47. What characterizes "24-hour cities” like New York?
A) People can live without private cars. C) People can enjoy services around the clock.
B) People are generally more competitive. D) People are in harmony with the environment.
48. Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house?
A) They can only afford small apartments.
B) The house prices are currently too high.
C) Their parents' bad experience still haunts them.
D) They feel attached to the suburban environment.
49. What might hinder real estate development in the U. S. ?
A) The continuing economic recession in the country.
B) The lack of confidence on the part of investors.
C) The fierce global competition.
D) The worsening infrastructure.
50. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U. S. real-estate market in 2015?
A) Pessimistic. B) Hopeful. C) Cautious. D) Uncertain.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well
as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?
The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in,
old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.
Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But
in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your
2017.6/ 4 (第3 套)bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN).
Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access
to relevant information, without old memories interfering.
And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new,
relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you
were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar
information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within
existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检 索 )information, both the
desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.
But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as
its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may
sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability
burdensome.
In a sense, forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are
ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't
become too full.
51. What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?
A) Its capacity actually knows no limits.
B) It grows sophisticated with practice.
C) It keeps our most precious memories until life's end.
D) New information learned pushes old information out.
52. What is the benefit of forgetting?
A) It frees us from painful memories.
B) It helps slow down our aging process.
C) It facilitates our access to relevant information.
D) It prevents old information from forming associations.
53. What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?
A) When people tend to forget.
B) What contributes to forgetting.
C) How new technology hinders memory capacity.
D) Why learning and forgetting are complementary.
54. What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?
A) It adds to the burden of their memory. C) It contributes to their success in life.
B) It makes their life more complicated. D) It constitutes a rare object of envy.
55. What does the passage say about forgetting?
A) It can enlarge our brain capacity. C) It is a way of organising our memories.
B) It helps get rid of negative memories. D) It should not cause any alarm in any way.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you cure allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese mto
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
珠江是华南一大河系,流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流,仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)是
中国最发达的地区之一,面积约U 000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。
珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5 700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为
中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
2017.6/ 5 (第 3 套)2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）
年 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 套）
2017 12 1
Part I Writing
(30minutes)
Part I Writing (30minutes)
（（请请于于正正式式开开考考后后半半小小时时内内完完成成该该部部分分，，之之后后将将进进行行听听力力考考试试））
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
between parents and children. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
betweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions.Boththe newsreportandthe questionswillbespoken onlyonce.Afteryou hearaquestion,you mustchoosethe
best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet 1with
a single line through the centre.
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
11.A.)A )HeHre rggrarannddfafatthheerr.. C) C ) H H er e r fr fr i i e e n n d d E E r r i i k k a a . .
B) Her grandmother. D) Her little brother.
B)Hergrandmother. D)Herlittlebrother.
2.2A.)A B)yB tyatkaiknign gpipcitcutruerse sffoorr ppaasssseerrss--bbyy.. C)C )ByB ywowrkoirnkgi npgarpta rttitmiem eata taa hhoospsiptitaall..
BB)B)yB syeslellilningg lleemmonoandaed eanadn dpipcicttuurreess.. D)D )ByB yasaksiknign gfofro rhheelplp oonn ssoocciiaall mmeeddiiaa..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
33.A.)A )TeTsetsitnign gththe eeeffffiicciieennccyy ooff tthhee nneeww ssoollaarr ppaanneell..
B)B )PrPorvoivdiidnign gclcelaena neneenregryg ytoto ffiivvee mmiilllliioonn ppeeooppllee..
C)C )GeGneernaetriantign geleelcetcrtiricc ppoowwere rfofor rppaassssiinngg vveehhiicclleess..
D)D )FiFnindidning gcchheaepaepre rwwayasy soof fhhiigghhwwaya yccoonsntsrtruuccttiioonn..
4.A)They are only about half an inch thick.
4.A)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.
B) They are made from cheap materials.
B)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.
C)C )ThTehye ycacna nbeb lealiadi drriigghhtt oonn ttoopp ooff eexxiissttiningg hhigighhwwaayyss..
DD)T)hTeyh ecyanc asntasntad ntdheth eweware aarnadn tdetaera roof fnnaattuurraall eelleemmeennttss..
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you havejust heard.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A) The lack of clues about the species. C) Endless fighting in the region.
5.A)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies. C)Endlessfightingintheregion.
B) B ) In In ad a e d q e u q a u t a e t e f f u u n n di d n in g g f f o o r r r r e e s se ea a r rc c h h. . D)D )ThTeh ehahzaazradrsd sfrfroomm ththe eddeeseserrtt..
6.6A.)A T)oT oobosebrsveer vteheth weiwldilldiflief einin tthhee ttwwoo nnaattiioonnaall ppaarrkkss..
BB)T)oT sotustduyd tyhteh ehahbaibtaitta tooff lliioonnss iinn SSuuddaann aanndd EEtthhiiooppiiaa..
C) To identify the reasons for the lions'disappearance.
C)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.
D)To find evidence of the existence of the"lost lions".
D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.
7 7 .A . ) A ) Li L o i n o s n ' s ’ t t r r a a c c k k s s . . C)C )SSomoem ceacmapminpgi nfgacfialciiltiitieess..
B) Lions walking. D) Traps set by local hunters.
B)Lionswalking. D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.
Section B
SectionB
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe
best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A) A special gift from the man. C) A call from her dad.
8.A)Aspecialgiftfromtheman. C)Acallfromherdad.
1
1D) Her lucky birthday'.
BB) )HHere rwwededdidnign gaannninviveerrssaarryy.. D)Her‘luckybirthday’.
9.A)Threw her a surprise party. C) Bought her a gold necklace.
9.A)Threwherasurpriseparty. C)Boughtheragoldnecklace.
B) Took her on a trip overseas. D) Gave her a big model plane.
B)Tookheronatripoverseas. D)Gaveherabigmodelplane.
10.A) What her husband and the man are up to.
10.A)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.
B) What has been troubling her husband.
B)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.
CC) )TTheh etrtriipp hheerr hhuussbbaanndd hhaass ppllaannnneedd..
DD) )TTheh egigfiftt hheerr hhuussbbaanndd hhaass bboouugghhtt..
1111.A.)A )HeH weawntasn ttso tofifnidn douotu taabobuotu ttthhee ccoouuplpele's’s hhoolliiddaayy ppllaann..
B)He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.
B)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.
C)C )HeH weiwlli lltetellll tthhee wwoommene nthteh esescercerte tiiff hheerr hhuussbbaanndd aaggrreeeess..
D)He will be glad to be a guide for the couple's holiday trip.
D)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
112.2A.)A T)hTeyh etyaktea kteheth reirviavla'ls’ saattttiittuuddee iinnttoo aaccccoouunntt..
B)They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
B)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.
C)C )TThehye yseseee tthhee iimmppoorrttaannccee ooff mmaakkiinngg ccoommpprroommisiseess..
D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
D)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.
1 1 3 3 .A . ) A ) T T he h y e y k k n n o o w w wh w e h n e n to to s s t t o o p p . . CC) )TThheeyy kknnooww wwhehne nttoo mmaakkee ccoommpprroommisiseess..
BB) )TThheeyy kknnooww hhowo wtoto aaddaapptt.. DD)T)hTeyh ekynkown ohwowh otwo tcoonctornotlro tlhtheierir eemmoottiioonn..
14.A) They are patient. C) They are good at expression.
14.A)Theyarepatient. C)Theyaregoodatexpression.
B)B )TThehye yleleaarrnn qquuiicckkllyy.. D)D )ThTehye yupuhpolhdo ltdhtehieri rppririnncciipplleess..
1 1 5. 5 A . ) A C ) l C ar la i r f i y f y i i t t e e m m s s o o f f n n e e g g ot o i ti a a t t i i o o n n . . C)C )GeGte ttoto kknnoow wthteh eooththere rssiiddee..
B) Make clear one's intentions. D) Formulate one's strategy.
B)Makeclearone'sintentions. D)Formulateone'sstrategy.
Section C
SectionC
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A),B), C), D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.
throughthecentre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
116.6A.)A H)oHw oswpascpea creesreeasrecahrc hbebneenfietfist sppeeoopplele oonn EEaarrtthh..
BB) )WWhenh etnheth IenItnetrenrantaitoinoanla lSSpapcaec eStSattaitioonn wwasa sbubiulitlt..
C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.
C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.
D)D )WhWenh eAnmeArmicear'isc ae'sarelairelisets tssppaaccee pprrooggrraamm ssttaarrtteedd..
17.A) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.
17.A)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.
B)B )ThTehye ytrtireiedd ttoo mmeeete taassttrroonnaauuttss''ssppeecciiffiicc rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss..
C)C )ThTehye ydedveelvoepleodp eodbjoebcjtesc tfsorfo arsatsrtornoanuatust stoto uussee iinn oouutteerr ssppaaccee..
D) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
D)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.
118.8A.)A )ThTehye yaraere eexxppeennssiivvee ttoo mmaakkee.. C)C )TThehye ywewree refifrisrstt mmaadde eiinn ssppaaccee..
B) They are extremely accurate. D) They were invented in the 1970s.
B)Theyareextremelyaccurate. D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Everything was natural and genuine then.
19.A)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.
B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.
C)C )IItt mmaarrkkeedd tthhee bbeeggiinnnniinngg ooff ssoommeetthhiinngg nneeww..
D) It was when her ancestors came to America.
D)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.
220.0A.)A )ThTehye ywewree reknkonwonw tno tobeb ecrcereaattiivvee.. C)C )ThTehye yhahda dalall lkkiinnddss ooff eenntteerrttaaiinnmmeenntt..
B)They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They believed in working for goals.
B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease. D)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.
21.A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Furnishing her country house.
21.A)Chattingwithherancestors. C)Furnishinghercountryhouse.
乙
2B)Doing needlework by the fire. D) Polishing all the silver work.
B)Doingneedleworkbythefire. D)Polishingallthesilverwork.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A) Sit down and try to calm yourself. C) Use a map to identify your location.
22.A)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself. C)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.
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23.A)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.
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C) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
C)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.
D)DY)oYu omuaym afyinfdi nad awawy aoyuotu wtiwtihtohuotu tyyoouur rkknnoowwinign giitt..
24.A) Wait patiently. C) Start a fire.
24.A)Waitpatiently. C)Startafire.
B) Look for food. D) Walk uhill.
B)Lookforfood. D)Walkuphill.
225.5A.)A )ChCehcekc kthteh eloloccaall wweeaatthheerr.. C) C ) Pr P e r p e a p r a e r e e e n n o o u u gh g h f f o o o o d d a a n n d d d d r r i i n n k k . .
B) Find a map and a compass. D) Inform somebody of your plan.
B)Findamapandacompass. D)Informsomebodyofyourplan.
Part ⅡII
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n (4 ( 0 4 0 m m in in ut u e te s s ) )
Section A
SectionA
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions:In this section,there is apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom alist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Arat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick,but these creatures have some 26skills
Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skills
that could help the treatment of human diseases.
thatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.
Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27, but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have
Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have
been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28of your index finger,pigeons have
beenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshave
a very impressive 29 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting
a very impressive 29 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting
breast cancer in images.
breastcancerinimages.
Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32. Inside a rat's nose
Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose
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the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.
thesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35,but for a rat it takes less than
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than
20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to
20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to
find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.
findmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.
A)associated 1I) slight
A) associated I)slight
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Section B
SectionB
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
3
3paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?
DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?
Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.
[A] I have always been a poor test-taker.So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the
[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the
degree I left undone some four decades ago.I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students
degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students
who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
whoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.
[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and
[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and
ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor
ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor
who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research,read the texts,
who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts,
and writ it all up.In fact,I was still ewriting my midterm the moming it was due.To say I had lost the thread is pttig it
andwrite itall up.In fact, Iwas still rewriting my midterm themorning itwas due.TosayIhad lostthe threadis putting it
mildly.
mildly.
[C] AsI was suffering through my week of anxiety,overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it,I did some
[C]As I was suffering through my week ofanxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some
of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at
of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at
Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
Columbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.
"That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn't happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,"
“That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,”
he explained, "Furthermore,in-class exams force students to leam how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.
heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialworkskill.”
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.In 2012,125 students at Harvard were caught
[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaught
up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled "Introduction To
up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To
Congress."Some colleges have what they call an"honor code,"though if you are smart enough to get into these schools,
Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools,
you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so.As I sat blocked and
you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and
clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't just call an expert on the subject matter which I was
clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was
tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
tackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.
[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller,the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to
[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students atYale, made an impassioned appeal to
her school's professors to refrain from take-hone exams."Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in
her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in
other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,"she told me.
other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
"Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance
“Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance
learning and retention.""
learningandretention.”
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.A quantitative-based
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.Aquantitative-based
one,for example,is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.Vocational-type
one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type
classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to
classes, suchas computerscienceorjournalism, onthe otherhand,are often more research-oriented andlend themselves to
take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches"History of Broadcast Journalism"at Montgomery Community College in
take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in
Rockvlle, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. "In my
Rockville, Maryland, points outthat reporting is aboutinvestigation rather than the memorization ofminute details. “In my
field, it's not what you know—it's what you know how to find out,"says Koch."There is way too much information,and
field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and
more coming all the time,for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all
more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all
the resources available to them.
theresourcesavailabletothem.
[G] Students'test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. "I prefer take-home
[G] Students’test-form preferences vary,too, oftendependingon thesubjectandcourse difficulty.“Iprefertake-home
essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,"says Elizabeth Dresser, a
essays because it is then really aboutthe writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser,a
junior at Barnard.Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury,says,"I find the in-class ones are
junioratBarnard.Thenthere is thestress factor.FrancescaHaass, a senioratMiddlebury,says, “Ifind the in-class ones are
more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to
more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to
forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment
forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment
when the time is up."Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin,a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true
when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true
exeaxmasm. s".I“fI fyoyuo uunudnerdsetrasntda ntdhet hmeatmearitearli aalnadn hdavhea vtehet haebialbiitliyt ytoto aarrttiiccuullaattee（(说说出出）)yyoouurr tthhoouugghthst，s, ththeeyy sshhoouulldd bbee aa bbrreeeezzee..”"
[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who
[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who
always wait until the last minute,and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who,not knowing what
always waituntilthelastminute,andmake itmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherethosewho,notknowing what
questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both
questions are coming at them, andhaving no resources to referto, can freeze.And then there are we rare folks who fit both
4
4those descriptions.
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as quickly.As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber,told me,"We are learning not only all this information,
as quickly.As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “Weare learning not only all this information,
but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school.A lot has changed since we were
butessentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school.Alot has changed since we were
last in school."
lastinschool.”
[J] If nothing else,the situation has given my college son and me something to share,When I asked his opinion on this
[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgiven mycollege sonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthis
matter, he responded,"I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home
matter,heresponded, “Ilike in-class exams because the time is alreadyreserved, asopposed to using my free time athome
to work on a test,"he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in
to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in
advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.
advance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclockoverhead.
[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She
[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She
encouraged the class not to stress or even study,promising that,"It is going to be apiece of cake."When the students came
encouraged the class not to stress oreven study,promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.”When the students came
in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were
in,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight. Rather,theysawalargechocolatecake andtheyeachwere
given a slice.
givenaslice.
36.Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.
37.Some believe take-home exams may affect students'performance in other courses.
37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.
39.In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.
40.The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.
41.Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.
42.Different students may prefer different types of exams.
42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.
43.Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsontypeofcoursebeingtaught.
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.
Section C
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
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corresponding leter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as
Thatpeopleoften experiencetrouble sleepingin adifferentbedin unfamiliarsurroundings is a phenomenonknown as
the "first-night"effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki
the “first-night” effect. If a personstays in the same room thefollowing night theytend to sleep more soundly.Yuka Sasaki
and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
andhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what
benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work
benefitwould be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day.She also knew from previous work
conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while
conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while
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a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department
acloserlook, herteam studied35healthypeopleasthey sleptin theunfamiliar environmentoftheuniversity’sDepartment
of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with
of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with
techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their
techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their
first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall.During deep
firstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwice aslongto fallasleepandsleepinglessoverall. Duringdeep
sleep, the participants'brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left
sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left
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Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding
5
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environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed
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hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring
people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
peoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.
46.What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?
A)To what extent it can trouble people.C)What circumstances may trigger it.
A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople. C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.
B) What role it has played in evolution.D)In what way it can be beneficial.
B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution. D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.
47.What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?
A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.
BB) )SSheh effoouundn dbibrirddss aanndd ddoollpphhiinnss sslleeeepp iinnm muucchh tthhee ssaammee wwaayy..
C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins
D) She conducted studies on birds'and dolphins'sleeping patters.
D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.
48.What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.
BB) )SSheh ererecrcuruititeedd 3355 ppaarrttiicciippaannttss frforomm hheerr DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff PPssyycchhoollooggiiccaall SScciieenncceess..
C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants'brains.
C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.
D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.
49.What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?
AA) )ShSeh eanaanlayzlyezd etdheth neengaetgiavteiv eefeffefcetc tofo fiirrrreegguullaarr ttoonneess oonn bbrraaiinnss..
BB) )SSheh erreeccoordrdede dpparatrtiicciippaannttss’'aaddaappttaattiioonn ttooc hchaannggeedd eennvviirroonnmmeenntt..
C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.
DD) )ShSeh ecocmopmarpeadr etdhet hreesrpeosnpsoenss eosf odfidffifefreernetn tpparatriticciippaannttss..
50.What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?
A)A )ThTehye ytetnednedde tdot oenejnojyo ycecretrataiinn ttoonneess mmoorere tthhaann ootthheerrss..
BB) )TThehye ytetnednedd etdot opeprecrecieviev eirirrereguglualra rbbeeepesp sasa saa tthhrreeaatt..
C)C )ThTehye yfefletl tsslleeeeppyy wwhheen neexxpopsoesde dtoto rreegguullaarr bbeeeeppss..
D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.
Passage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the
It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the
job will not get you where you want to be in life.It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
jobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44
Did you know women aremorelikely thanmen tofeelexhausted?Nearly twice asmanywomen thanmen ages 18-44
reported feeling "very tired"or "exhausted", according to a recent study.
reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children.It's also the age range when
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when
many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time
many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time
saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to
saying "no."Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for schoolparties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to
any request is often"Yes, I can."
anyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”
Women struggle to say"no"in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.
Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.
Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be
the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem
the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem
that needs to be addressed immediately,resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face
that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face
that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the
that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the
perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work
perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work
themselves.
themselves.
6
6This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and
who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely-including staff expertise. Shouldering
who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering
more of the workload may not earn you that promotion.Instead,it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
moreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.
51.What does the author say is the problem with women?
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?
A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.
BB) )TThehye yaraer euussuuaallllyy mmoorere ccoommmimttiettde data thhoomme eththana noon ntthhee jjoobb..
C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.
D)D )ThTehy etyentedn tdot opupsuhs hthtehmesmelsveelsv ebseyboenydo tnhde thliemliitms itosf otfhtehieri raabbililiittyy..
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?
AA)T)hTeyh esytrsutrgugglgel etoto ssaattiissffyy ththeed edmemaannddss ooff bbootthhw woorrkk aanndd hhoommee..
B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.
C)C )ThTehye ydod othtehieri rbbeests tttoo ccooooppeerraattee wwiitthh tthheeiirrw woorrkkmmaatteess..
DD) )ThTehye yaraer eobolbilgiegde dtot ottaakkee uupp ttoooo mmanayn yrersepsopnosnibsiibliiltiitieess..
53.What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?
AA) )TThehieri ruunnwwilillliinnggnneessss ttoo ssaayy“"nnoo"”..
B) Their desire to be considered powerful.
B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.
C)C )AnA nunudnerdeesrteismtiamtea toefo tfhtehieri roowwn nabaibliiltityy..
D)A lack of courage to face challenges.
D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.
54.Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that___
54.Menandwomandifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat______.
AA) )wowmoemn etnentde ntdo tobeb eeaesaisliyly ssaattiissffiieedd
B)B )mmene naraer eggeenneerraallllyy mmoorree ppeerrssuuaassiivvee
C) men tend to put their personal interests first
C)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst
DD) )wwomoemne naraer emmucuhc hmmoroer erreeaaddyy ttoo ccoommpprroommiissee
55. What is important to a good leader?
55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?
A) A ) A A do d m o i m na in n a t n t pe p r e s r o so na n l a i li t t y y . . C)C )ThTeh ecocuoruargaeg etoto aaddmmiti tffaaiilluurree
B)B )ThTeh eabaibliiltityy ttoo ddeelleeggaattee.. D)D A) Astsrtornogn gsesnesnes eofo frreesspponosnisbiibliilittyy..
P P a a r r t t Ⅳ Ⅳ T T r r a a n n sl sl a a t t i io o n n (3 (3 0 0 m m i i n n u u t t e e s s ) )
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
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7
72017年年12月月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（（第第2套套））
2017 12 2
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
betweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes)
Section A
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions.Boththe newsreportandthe questionswillbespoken onlyonce.Afteryou hearaquestion,you mustchoosethe
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet 1with
a single line through the centre.
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1 1 .A . ) A It ) I t t r t i r e i s e s t t o o e e n n te te r r t t a a i i n n i it t s s a a u u d di ie e n nc c e e . . C)C )ItI twwanatnst sttoo ccaattcchh ppeeooplpel'es’s aatttteennttiioonn..
B) B ) It I t t t r r i i e e s s t t o o l l o o o ok k i in nt to o t t h h e e d d i i s s t t a a n n c ce e . . D)D I)tI thhaas sggoot toonne eoof fiittss lliimmbbss iinnjjuurreedd..
2.A) It was spotted by animal protection offials. C)Its videos were posted on social media.
2.A)Itwasspottedbyanimalprotectionofficials. C)Itsvideoswerepostedonsocialmedia.
B)BI)tI twawsa sfifillmmede dbbyy aa llooccaall tteelelveivsiisoinorne proeprtoerrt.er.D)DI)tsIt spipcicttuurree wwoonn aa pphhoottooggrraapphhyy pprriizzee..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A) The distance travelled. B) The incidence of road accidents.
3.A)Thedistancetravelled. B)Theincidenceofroadaccidents.
C) C ) T T he h e s s p p e e n n d d in in g g o o n n g g a a s s . . DD) )TTheh enunmubmerb eorfo pfepoepolpe letrtaravvelellliinngg..
4. 4 A . ) A ) Fe F w e e w r e r p p eo e p o l p e le a a r re e c c o o m mm m u u t t i i n n g g . . B)B )GGasa scocnosnusmupmtipotino nisi sssooaarriinngg..
C)C )JoJob bggrroowwthth iiss sslolowwiinngg ddoowwnn.. D) D ) Ru R s u h s - h ho -h ur o u t r r t a r f a f f i fi c c i is s w w o or rs s e e n ni in n g g. .
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.
5.A)Hetoldastrangerthesadstoryabouthimself.
B)B )HeH heehlpeeldp ead satsrtarnagnegr etrot ocacrarryr ygrgorcoecreireise sttoo hhiiss ccaarr..
C)C )HeH weewnte nutp utpo tao astsrtarnagnegre ranadn dpuplullelde data thhiiss sslleeeevveess..
D)D )HeH weawshaesdh ead satrsatrnagnegr'esr ’scacra riinn rreettuurrnn ffoorrs osommee ffoooodd..
6.A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.
6.A)Heorderedalotoffoodforhisfamily.
B) He gave him a job at his own company.
B)Hegavehimajobathisowncompany.
C) He raised a large sum of money for him.
C)Heraisedalargesumofmoneyforhim.
D) He offered him a scholarship for college.
D)Heofferedhimascholarshipforcollege.
77.A.)A )HeH ewowrkosr khsahrda rdtot osuspuppoprotr thhiiss ffaammiillyy.. C) C ) He H i e s i s v v er e y ry g g o o od o d at a t m m ak a i k n i g n g up u p st s o to r r i i e e s s . .
B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.
B)Heisanexcellentstudentatschool. D)Hehasbeendisabledsinceboyhood.
Section B
SectionB
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe
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with a single line through the centre.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8 to 11 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
88.A.)AA)tAtetntednedde dana neceocnoonmoimcsic sleleccttuurree.. C)C )HaHda da adrdirninkk aatt QQuueeeen nVVicictotorriiaa..
BB) )TTakaekne na awwalakl kono nChCahralrelse sSStrtreeeett.. D) D H ) a H d a d d i d nn in e n r e a r t a t a a n n e e w w r r e e s s t t a a u u r r a a n n t t . .
9.9A.)ATr)eTarte aat caoclolellgeeg efrfireienndd ttoo ddiinnnneerr.. C) C ) At A t t e t n e d n d hi h s i s b b ro r t o h th er e ' r s ’s b b i i r r t th hd d a a y y p p a a r r t t y y . .
B) B ) Ma M ke a k p e re p p re a p ra a t ra i t o i n o s n s fo fo r r a a s s e e m mi i n n a a r r . . DD)V)isViits itsosmoem oefo hfihsi shhigighh sscchhooolo lffrriieennddss..
1
1110.0A.)AGa)tGhaerth setrasttiasttisitcisc sfofor rhhiiss lleeccttuurree.. B) B ) Th T r h o r w o w a s a u s r u p r r p i r s i e s e b b ir ir t t h h d d a a y y p p a a r r t t y y . .
C)C )MeMete ewtiwthit hJoJnoantahtahna'ns’ sffrriieennddss oonn tthhee wweeeekkeenndd.. D)D )JoJioni nhihmi mini nhihsi sbbroroththere'rs’s bbiirrtthhddaayy cceelleebbrraattiioonn..
11.A)By car. B) By train. C) By taxi. D)By bus.
11.A)Bycar. B)Bytrain. C)Bytaxi. D)Bybus.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1 1 2. 2 A . ) A ) Ta T k a i k n i g n g a a v v a a c c a a t t i i o o n n a a b b r r o o a a d d . . B)B )ReRveiveiweiwngin fgofro rhihsis llaasstt eexxaamm..
C)C )SSavaivnign geennouoguhg hmomneoyn efyorfo ar arraaiinnyy ddaayy.. D) D F ) in F d in in d g in g a a be b t e t t e te r r w w a a y y t t o o e e a a r r n n m mo o n n e e y y . .
13.A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as a waiter.
13.A)Preparingforhisfinalexams. C)Workingparttimeasawaiter.
B)B )NeNgoetgioattiiantign gwiwthi thhihsi sbobsoss sfofro raa rraaiissee.. D)D )HeHleplipnign gtthhee wwoommana nwiwtiht hhheerr ccoouurrsseess..
14.A) Finish her term paper. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.
14.A)Finishhertermpaper. C)LearnalittlebitofSpanish.
B B ) ) S S a a v v e e e en no o u u g g h h m mo o n n e e y y . . D)D )AsAks khehre rpapraernetn't’ss ppeerrmmiissssiioonn..
15.A) He has rich sailing experience. C) He is also eager to go to Spain.
15.A)Hehasrichsailingexperience. C)HeisalsoeagertogotoSpain.
B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.
B)HespeaksSpanishfluently. D)Heiseasytogetalongwith.
Section C
SectionC
Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A),B), C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
from the four choices markedA), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.
throughthecentre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
1166.A.)A )ShSeh ewewnte nttot oththe essaamme eunuinvievresristityy aass hheerr mmootthheerr..
B)B )ShSeh ewowrkoerdk eads aas anunrusres einin tthhee FFiirrssttW Woorrlldd WWaarr..
CC) )SSheh ewwono nththe eNNoboeble lPPririzzee ttwwoo ttiimmeess..
D)She was also a Nobel Prize winner.
D)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.
171.7A.)ASh)eS fhoeufgohut gbhrtabveralyv eilyn ian saesreierise sofo fmmiliilittaarryy ooppeerraattiioonnss..
B)B )ShSeh ededveelvoepleodp eXd-rXay- rafaycfialcitiliietise sfofro rmmiliiltitaarryy hhoossppiittaallss..
C)C )ShSeh ehehlepelpd etdot oseste tuup psesveevrearla lmmiliiltitaarryy hhoossppititaallss..
D)D )ShSeh emamdaed deodnoantiaotinosn stoto ssaavvee wwoouunndedde dssoollddiieerrss..
1188.A.)AB)oBtho tdhidedie dofo fbblloooodd ccaanncceerr.. C) C B ) o B th o th wo w n o m n i m li i t li a ta r r y y m m e e d d a a l l s s . .
B) B B ) o B th o t f h o f u o g u h g t h t in in W W or o l r d ld W W ar a r I I . . D)DB)otBho tmharmriaerrdi etdhethire irasassisissttaannttss..
Questions 19 to21 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)They were the first settlers in Europe.
19.A)TheywerethefirstsettlersinEurope.
B) They were the conquerors of Norway.
B)TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.
C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.
C)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.
DD)T)hTeyh esyetsteltetlde dono na asmsmalall liissllaanndd nnoorrtthh ooff EEnnggllaanndd..
20.A)It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.
20.A)ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.
B)BI)t Itwawsa scocvoevreerde dwiwthit hgrgereene nmomsot sttitimme eofo ftthhee yyeeaarr..
C)CI)t Itwwasa sththee VVikikiinnggss'’mmosots tiimmpoprotratantn tddiissccoovveerryy..
DD)I)t Itwawsa sa arorockcyk ymamsass sofo fllaanndd ccoovvereeredd wwitihth iiccee..
221.1A.)AT)hTe hVeiVkiiknginsg'so’coecaena nexepxlpolroartaitioonnss.. C)C )TTheh eViVkiikningsg'se’veevreyrdyadya ylilfifee..
B) The making of European nations. D)The Europeans'Arctic discoveries.
B)ThemakingofEuropeannations. D)TheEuropeans’Arcticdiscoveries.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future.
22.A)Workhardforabetterlife. C)Dreamaboutthefuture.
B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day.
B)Makemistakesnowandthen. D)Saveagainstarainyday.
232.3A.)ATe)aTceh afcohrfeoigreni glnanlgaunaggueas gfeosrf otrheth reersets toofhfihsi slliiffee..
B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.
B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.
C)CE)xcEhxacnhgaen hgiesh itswotw-sot-osrtoy ryhohuosue sefofro raa bbeeaacchh ccoottttaaggee..
D)Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.
D)Dwellonthedreamshehaddreamedwhenyoung.
24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture.
24.A)Criminallaw. C)Orientalarchitecture.
乙
2B) City planning. D) International business.
B)Cityplanning. D)Internationalbusiness.
25.A)Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have.
25.A)Dreamandmakeplans. C)Becontentwithwhatyouhave.
B) Take things easy in life. D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.
B)Takethingseasyinlife. D)Enjoywhateveryouaredoing.
Part ⅡⅢ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n (4 ( 0 4 0 m m in in ut u e te s s ) )
Section A
SectionA
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions:In this section,there is apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom alist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms
Technological changes brought dramatic new options toAmericans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms
of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind
of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind
mumcuh cohf otfhtihsi scchhaangneg ewawsa sa(an()n )226 6ppopouplualralryly kknnoownw nasa sththe eIInntteerrnneett..
The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense.In the case of an attack, military advisers
The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense.In the case ofan attack, military advisers
suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal.In the early days, the Internet was used
suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used
mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28under government control until 1984.
mainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.TheInternet28undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.
One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The
One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The
ddeveevleolpompemnte notf offifbiebre-ro-potpitci（c(光光纤纤）)ccaabblleess aalllloowweedd ffoorr bbiilllliioonnss ooff bbitistso foifn fionrfmoramtaitoinonto tboe bree creeicveeidveedv eevryermy imniuntuet.eC. oCmomppaanniieess
like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.
likeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe30signalsatamorerapidrate.
In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31purposes. Corporations created home
In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home
pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel32,and even cars and homes
pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 ,and even cars and homes
could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet,so students could find 34 information without
could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without
leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class
leavingtheirdormitories. Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand35online,soawholenewclass
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A A )a）d a v d a v n an t t a ag g e e I) I） ma m i a n i t n a ta i in n e e d d
B)commercial J occupations
B）commercial J）occupations
C)conservation K)posted
C）conservation K）posted
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E) incoming
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G limted
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H) local
H）local
Section B
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
The Health Benefits of Knitting
TheHealthBenefitsofKnitting
AA)A)boAutb o1u5 ty1e5aryse aargso,aIg ow,asI winavsitinedv itteod jtooinjo ain kaniktntiitntign ggrgoruopu.Ip .aIgraegerde etdo tgoigveiv ieti taa ttrryy..
BB)M)y Mmoythmero thhaedr htaaudghtatu mgeh ttmo ekntiot kanti t1a5t, 1a5n,da In dknIiktnteitdt eidn inclcalsass sththrorouughgohuotu tcoclollelegge eaannd dfofor raa ffeeww yyeaerasrs tthheerreeaafftteerr..T Thheenn
decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on
decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on
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everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen.As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind
everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind
stays focused on the here and now.
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Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks,
Councilreports thata third ofwomen ages 25-35 nowknit orcrochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks,
among them my friend's three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a"Stitch Away Stress"campaign in honor of
amongthem my friend’s threesmallgrandsons.LastApril,the councilcreateda“StitchAwayStress” campaign in honorof
National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation
National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation
RResepsopnosen，se ,ssaayys stthhaatt tthhee rreeppeettiittiivvee aaccttiioonn ooff nneeeeddlleewwoorrkk ccaann iinndduucec ea arerelalaxxede dstsatattss lliikkee tthhaatt aassssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh mmeeddiittaattiioonn（(沉沉
思思）
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pressure.
pressure.
E)But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep
E)But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep
photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.
photosofmysingularaccomplishmentsonmycellphonetoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.
F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress
F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress
relief and creative fulfillment as the activities'main benefits.Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who
reliefandcreative fulfillmentas theactivities’main benefits.Among themis the fatherofa prematurely borndaughter who
reported that during the baby's five weeks in the intensive care unit,"learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of
reported that during the baby’s five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of
purpose during a time thatI felt very helpless.It's a hobby that I've stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress
purposeduringatime thatIfeltvery helpless.It’sa hobbythatI’ve stuck with,anditcontinuestohelp me copewith stress
at work， provide a sense of order in hectic（忙乱的）days， and allow my brain time to solve problems."
atwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙乱的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveproblems.”
G）G)A Arerceecnetn teemmaiali lffrroomm tthhee yyaarrnn（(纺纺纱纱）) ccoommppaanny yReRde dHeHareta rttitittlleedd “"HHeeaalltthh BBeenneeffiittsso offC Crorocchheetitnignga nadndK Knniitttintign”gp"prorommpptteedd
me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the
me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the
rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.
rewardsgowellbeyondreplacingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.
HH)F)oFro rexeaxmapmlep,l eK,aKreanr eHnayHesa,y eas ,laifleif ecocaocahc hini nToTroornotno,to ,cocnodnudcutsc tsknkintittitinngg tthheerraappyy pprrooggrraamms,s ,iinncclluuddiinngg KKnintit ttoo QQuuiitt ttoo hheellpp
smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of
smokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecopingwith healthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessof
a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills.
a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills.
And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children's math skills.
Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.
I)
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hands are holding needles and hooks, there's less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.
handsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.
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I age.A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand
Iage.Awoman encouraged to tryknitting andcrocheting afterdevelopingan autoimmunedisease thatcausedalotofhand
pain reported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.
painreportedontheCraftYarnCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.
K)A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that
K)A2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that
learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears
learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears
and kept them from thinking about their problem.
andkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirproblem.
LL)B)eBtseatnsa nCoCrkohriklhli,l l,a awwelellnlnesesss ccooaacchh iinn BBatahth,, EEnnggllaanndd,, aanndd aauutthhoorr ooff tthhee bbooookk KKnniitt ffoorr HHeeaalltthh && WWelelllnneessss,,eessttaabblliisshheedd aa
website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those
website, Stitchlinks, to explore thevalue ofwhatshe calls therapeutic knitting.Amongher respondents,54 percentofthose
who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy.In a study of 60 self-selected people
who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people
with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their
with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their
4
4awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and
awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and
crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts
crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts
like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age.In a 201l study, researchers led Dr.
like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led Dr.
YYonoansa sGeGdead aata tththe eMMayaoy oClCinliinci cinin RRocohcehsetsetre riinntteerrvviieewweedd aa rraannddoomm（(随随机机的的）)sasmapmlpe leofo f1，1,332211 ppeeooppllee aaggeess 7700--8899，, mmoosstt ooff
wwhohmo wmerwe ecroegnciotginveitliyv（el在y(在认知认方知面方）n面or)mnalo，rm aablo,uatb otuhet tchoegnciotginviet iavcetiavcititviietsie sthtehye yenegnaggeadg eidn ilnatlaet einin lliiffee.. TThhee ssttuuddyy，,ppuubblliisshheedd
in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and
in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and
crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.
crochetinghadadiminishedchanceof developingmildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.
M
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newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities
newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities
promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.
promotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.
N)In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues
N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues
demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged
demonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengaged
in activities that were not intellectually challenging either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.
inactivitiesthatwerenotintellectuallychallengingeitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchimprovements.
OO) )GiGvievne nthtahta tsusustsataiinneedd ssoocciiaall ccoonnttaaccttss hhaavvee bbeeeenn sshhoowwnn ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt hheeaalltthh aanndd aa lloonngg lliifef,e,ththoosseew wiisshhiinngg totom maaxxiimmiizzee tthhee
health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting
healthvalue ofcrafts mightconsiderjoininga group oflike-mindedfolks. Iforonetry notto miss a single weekly meeting
of my knitting group.
ofmyknittinggroup.
36.When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.
36.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.
37.Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.
37.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.
38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.
38.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.
39.Being a member of a crafts group enhances one's health and prolongs one's life.
39.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprolongsone’slife.
40.Knitting diverts people's attention from their pain.
40.Knittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain.
41.The author learnt to knit as a teenager,but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.
41.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.
42.When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.
42.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.
43.Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.
43.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelievestress.
44.According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.
44.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitivedamage.
45. The products of knitting can increase one's sense of self-respect.
45.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-respect.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet 2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What's indisputable is that it's growing very quickly. Between now and 2050,
Nobody really knows how big Lagos is.What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly.Between now and2050,
the urban population of Africa could triple.Yetcities in sub-Saharan Africa are not gtting richer the way cities in the rest of
theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestof
th
t
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wo
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（
s
贫 (贫民民窟）窟;
) ;
mi
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countryside. Why?
countryside.Why?
The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the
The immediate problem is poverty. Most ofAfrica is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the
world did. That means there's litle money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive.
world did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive.
Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With
Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystems areunableto copewith expandingpopulations.With
5
5the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic
the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic
jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.
jamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.
In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive
In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive
farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn,that created a pool oflabour for factories. But African cities
farmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancities
are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Govemment is concentrated in capitals, so is the
aredifferent.They aretoo often builtaroundconsuming naturalresources.Government is concentrated in capitals, sois the
mo
m
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，
h, w
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on
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is
i
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s
(
h有（有裙裙带带关关系系
的的）)bbuusisninesessesse soro rppoloiltitiiccss.. SSiinnccee AAffrriiccaann aaggrriiccuullttuurree iiss ssttililllb rboraodaldylyu nunpprroodduuccttiivvee,，f ofoododi sisim ipmoporrtetded,，co ncosnusmumiinngg aa ppoorrttioionn ooff
revenule.
revenue.
So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are.In Lagos, foreign oil workers can
So what can be done? ThoughAfrican countries are poor, not allAfrican cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can
pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town.If that income were better taxed, it
pay as much as $ 65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it
might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents,they might
might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might
favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city's population
favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population
grows by 5 year, it is difficult to keep up.
growsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.
46.What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?
46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?
A)They have more slums than other cities in the world.
A)Theyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheworld.
B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.
B)Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher.
C)C )TThehye yaraer eaass mmodoedrenrinziezde dasa smmanayn ycictiitieess eellsseewwhheerree..
D)They attract migrants who want to be better off.
D)Theyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetteroff.
47.What does the author imply about urbanization in other parts ofthe world?
47.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanizationinotherpartsoftheworld?
AA) )ItIt bbeenneeffiitteedd ffrroomm tthhee ccoonnttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff imimmmiiggrraannttss..
B) It started when people's income was relatively high.
B)Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.
C)C )ItI tbbeenenfeiftiteedd ffrroomm ththe eacaccecleelreartaetde dririssee iinn pprroodduuctcitivviittyy..
D)It started with the improvement of people's livelihood.
D)Itstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’slivelihood.
48.Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?
48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?
AA) )ItI tllaacckkss aaddeqeuqautaet etrtarnasnpsoprot rtfafcaicliilittiieess..
B)The living expenses there are too high.
B)Thelivingexpensestherearetoohigh.
C) It is on the whole too densely populated.
C)Itisonthewholetoodenselypopulated.
D)The local governments are corrupted.
D)Thelocalgovernmentsarecorrupted.
49.In what way does the author say African cities are different?
49.InwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?
AA)T)hTeyh ehyavhea vaettarttarcatcetedd hhuugge ennuumbmebresr sofo fffaarrmm llaabboouurreerrss..
B)They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.
B)Theystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalproductivity.
C)C )ThTehye yhahvaev ededveevloeploepd eadta tththee eexxppeensnes eooff nnaattuurree..
DD) )TThehye ydedpeepnedn dfafra rmmoroer eono nffoorreeiiggnn iinnvveessttmmeenntt..
50.What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?
50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?
AA)L)oLwoewrienrgin gofo fapaapratrtmmenetn trreenntt..
B)Better education for residents.
B)Bettereducationforresidents.
C)C )MoMreo rreartaitoinoanla loovevrearlalll ppllaannnniinngg..
DD) )AA mmoroer erreessppoonnssiibbllee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt..
Passage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
For the past several decades, it seems there's been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America:Get a college
For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead inAmerica: Get a college
edeudcuactaitoino,n ,ffiinndd aa rreelliiaabbllee jjoobb,, aanndd bbuuyy yyoouurr oowwn nhohmoem. eB.utB udot dAomeArimcaenrsic astnislls tiblellbieelviee vien itnhatht aptaptaht,h ,anadn difi fththeeyy dod,o ,iiss iitt
attainable?
attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their
The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their
goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the
goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the
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the late 20th century.
thelate20thcentury.
By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their
By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their
lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a betterlife in current economy.
livesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeincurrenteconomy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even
In the last seven years,Americans have grown more pessimistic aboutthe power ofeducation to lead to success. Even
though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a
thoughtheyseegoingtocollege asafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda
four-year college education in order to be successful.
four-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.
Miguel Maeda,42, who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college,
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college,
which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.
whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.
While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as
While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as
a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.
awaytogainnewperspectivesandlifeexperiences.
Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks
Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks
"“ppeersrsoonnala lddrriivvee"”isi sffaarr mmoroer eiimmpoprotratnatn tththaann jjuusstt ggooiinngg ttoo ccoolllleeggee.. TToo FFeennddlleeyy,,aa sseennssee ooff ddrriivvee aanndd ppuurrppoossee,, aass wweellll aass aann
effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a
effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a
successful life in America.
successfullifeinAmerica.
51.It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have__
51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave .
AA) )aann aaddvvaanncceedd aaccaaddeemmiicc ddeeggrreeee
B)an ambition to get ahead
B)anambitiontogetahead
C)C )a afifirrmm bbeleilieeff iinn tthheeiirrd rderaemam
D)D )a asseennssee ooff ddrriivvee aanndd ppuurrppoossee
52.What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll conceming the American dream?
52.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?
AA) )MoMreo raenadn mdormeo AremeArimcaenrisc aanrse afriendfiinndgi nigt ihtahradr dtot orreeaalliizzee..
B)B )ItIt rreemmaaiinnss aalliivvee aammoonngg tthhee mmaajjoorriittyy ooffA Ammeerriiccaann ppeeooppllee..
C)C )AAmemriecraicnsa'nisd’eiad eoafo ifti thhaass cchhaannggeedd oovveer rtthhee ppaasstt ffeeww ddeeccaaddeess..
D)DA)nA inncinrceraesaisnign gnnumubmebr eorfo fyyouonugn gAmAemriecraicnasn asraer eaabbaandnodnoinnign gitit..
53.What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
53.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?
A)AI)tI tssttiillll reremmaaiinnss ooppeenn ttoo ddeebbaattee..
B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.
B)Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.
C)C )ItI tiiss nnoo lloonnggeerr aass iimmpporotratnatn taas siitt uusseedd ttoo bbee..
DD) )ItIt iiss mmuucchh bbeetttteerr uunnddeerrssttoooodd nnooww tthhaann eevveerr..
54.How do some people view college education these days?
54.Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays?
A) A ) It I t p p r r o o m m ot o e t s e s g g e e n n de d r e r e e q q ua u l a i li t t y y . . B)B )ItIt nneeeeddss ttoo bbee ssttrreennggtthheenneedd..
C) C ) It I t a a d d ds d s to to c c ul u t l u tu ra ra l l d d i i v v e e r r s s i i t t y y . . DD) )ItIt hheellppss bbrrooaaddeenn tthheeiirr mmiinnddss..
55.What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?
55.WhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillFendley?
A A ) ) A A de d s e i s r i e r e t t o o l le ea a r rn n a a n nd d t t o o a a d d a a p pt t. . BB) )AA stsrtroonng gsesnesnes eofo frreesspponosnisbiibliilittyy..
C) A willingness to commit oneself. D) A clear aim and high motivation.
C)Awillingnesstocommitoneself. D)Aclearaimandhighmotivation.
Part IⅣ Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation ( ( 3 3 0 0 m m i i n n u u t t e e s s) )
Directions; For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
youransweronAnswerSheet2.
华华山山位位于于华华阴阴市市，，距距西西安安1
1
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公公里里。。华华山山是是秦秦岭岭的的一一部部分分，，秦秦岭岭不不仅仅分分割割陕陕南南与与陕陕北北，，也也分分隔隔华华南南与与华华北北。。与与
从从前前人人们们常常去去朝朝拜拜的的泰泰山山不不同同，，华华山山过过去去很很少少有有人人光光临临，，因因为为上上山山的的道道路路极极其其危危险险。。然然而而，，希希望望长长寿寿的的人人却却经经常常上上
山山，，因因为为山山上上生生长长着着许许多多草草药药，，特特别别是是一一些些稀稀有有的的药药草草。。自自上上世世纪纪 9
9
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年年代代安安装装缆缆车车以以来来，，参参观观人人数数大大大大增增加加。。
7
72017年年12月月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（第第3套套）
2017 12 ( 3 )
PartI Writing
Part I Writing ((3300 mmiinnuutteess))
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship
between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
betweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II ListeningComprehension (25minutes)
说明∶由于2017年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一
说明：由于2017年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一
样样，，因因此此在在本本套套真真题题中中不不再再重重复复出出现现。。
Part Ⅲ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n (4 ( 0 4 0 m m i i n n u u t t e es s) )
Section A
SectionA
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions:In this section,there is apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom alist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
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Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change
Technology,EngineeringandMathematics）courses.Oneeducatornamed DoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingto change
this system. Dori taught high school engineering for ll years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education
this system. Doritaught high schoolengineering for11years. She noticed there was a realvoid in quality STEM education
ata taallll 272 7of tohfet hpeubpluicb liecduecdautciaotniaoln aslyssytesmte.m S.heS hseaisda,id ",I“ Istsatarrtteedd EEnngginineeeeririnngg FFoor rKKidisd s(E(EFKF)Kaf)taeftre rnontoitciciinngg aa rreeaall llaacckk ooff
math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in"
math,scienceandengineeringprogramsto 28 myownkidsin”
She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29_ in STEM-based competitions.The club grew quickly
Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren 29 inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquickly
and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state_30, she decided to devote all her time to
andwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate 30 ,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimeto
cultivating and _31 it. The global business EFK was born.
cultivatingand 31 it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.
Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to _32__recreation centers. Today, the
Dori began operating EFK out of herVirginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the
EFK program 33 __over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from
EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from
$5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015,with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states,"Our nation is
$5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015,with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is
not 34enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a
not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a
great 35"
great 35 .”
A)atracted D)feeding
A）attracted I）feeding
B) carer J)graduating
B）career J）graduating
C)championships K) interest
C）championships K）interest
D degres
L)levels
D）degrees L）levels
E)developing
E）developing M M )l）o lo c c a a l l
F) enrol N)operates
F）enroll N）operates
G) G ） ex ex p p o o s s u u r re e O) O p）ar p t a i rt c ic i i p p a a t te e d d
H)feasible
H）feasible
Section B
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
1
1Why aren't you curious about what happened?
Whyaren'tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?
A)"You suspended Ray Rice after our video,"a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner
A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner
RoRgoegre GroGodoeoldle ltlhteh eotohtehre rddaya.y".W“hWy hdyiddni'dtn ’ytoyu ohuavhea vteheth ceucruiorisoistiyty ttoo ggoo ttoo tthhee ccaassiinnoo（(赌赌场场）) yyoouurrsseellff??”"TThhee iimmpplliiccaattiioonn ooff
the question is that a more curious.commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.
thequestionisthatamorecurious.commissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.
BB)T)heT haeccaucscautsiaotni oonf oifncinurciuorsioitsiyt yisis oonne etthhaatt wwe ehheaera rooftfteenn,, ccaarrrryyiinngg tthhee ssuuggggeessttiioonn tthhaatt thtehreerei sisso smoemethtihnigngw wrroonngg wwiitthh nnoott
wanting to search out the truth."I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,"said a Democratic
wantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocratic
member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant
memberoftheNewJerseylegislature backinJuly,referringtoaninsufficiently inquiringattitudeonthe partofanassistant
to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge trffic
to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic
scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?"wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin
scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin
earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.
earlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.
C)The implication, in each case,is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem.Are such accusations
C)The implication, in eachcase, is thatcuriosity is agood thing, and alack ofcuriosity is a problem.Are such accusations
simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of
simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of
itself?
itself?
DD)T)hTe hjeoujorunarnliaslits tlIaann LLeesslliiee,, ininh ihsins enwewa nadnde nejnojyoaybalbelbe obookokC uCruiroiuosu:sT: hTeheD eDseisrierteo tKon Konwowa nadndW Whhyy YYoouurr FFaatttteerrD Deeppeennddss oonn
It, insists that the answer to that last question is 'Yes.'Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue,
It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes.’ Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue,
crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.
crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.
E)We are suffering, he writes, from a "serendipity deficit."The word "serendipity"was coined by Horace Walpole in an
E)We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by Horace Walpole in an
1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, ofthings they were not in search
1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearch
of,"Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for
of,” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for
aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of know ledges, ready to be
aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of know ledges, ready to be
surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.
surprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.
FF)W)hWy ihsy tishitsh isa aprporbolbelme?m B?ecBaeucsae uwsietwhoiutht ocuutricousriiotsyi twye wweilwl illlosloe sethteh espsipriiritt ooff iinnnnoovvaattiioonn aanndd eennttrreepprreenneeuurrsshhiipp.. WWee wwililll sseeee
unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made
unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made
humanity as a whole so successful as a species.
humanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.
G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S.
G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S.
and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's
and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s
bobrodredresr.sBu.tB untotn oetveervyetrhyitnhgi nigs itso tobeb eblbalmaemd eodn otenchtencohlongoyl.o gTyhe. Tdheceldineec liinne iinnteirnetsetr eisnt ilnitlietrearrayr yfificcttiioonn iiss aallssoo oonnee ooff tthhee ccaauusseess
identified by Leslie.Reading literary fiction, he says,make us more curious.
identifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makeusmorecurious.
H)Moreover, in order to be curious,"you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place."Although Leslie
H)Moreover,in orderto be curious,“you have to beawareofa gap in yourknowledge in the firstplace.”Although Leslie
perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we dont know,he's surely right to
perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to
point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers."
pointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”
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co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the"perfect search engine"will"understand exactly what I mean and give me back
co-founderLarryPage tothe effectthatthe“perfectsearchengine” will “understandexactly whatImean andgive me back
exactly what I want."Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes:""Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity
exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity
altogether."
altogether.”
J） Somewhat nostalgically（怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes'sjustly famous words of praise to the bookstore∶
J) Somewhat nostalgically(怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore:
"One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the
“One should enterit vaguely,almost in a dream, andallow whatis there freely to attract andinfluence the eye.To walk the
乙
2rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoons entertainment."Ifonly!
roundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoonsentertainment.”Ifonly!
K）K)CiCtiitnign gththe ewworokr kofo fpspyscyhcohloogloisgtisst sanadn dcocgongintiitviev（e(认认知的知）的sc)iscenietnistitssts，,LLeesslliiee ccrriitticiicziezsesth tehere creeciveeidvewd iwsidsodmom tthhaatta caacdadeemmiicc
success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor-and a
successisthe resultofacombination ofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues, is thethirdkey factor--and a
difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and
difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and
adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone."
adult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”
L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and
L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and
upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower
upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower
class families.That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge,and the lack of knowledge is dificult if not
class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not
impossible to compensate for later on.
impossibletocompensateforlateron.
MM)Al）thAoulgthh oLuegshliLe'ess libeo’oskb iosonk'ti sanb’otuatb opuoltiptoilcist,ic sh,e hdeodesone'stn ’etnetnirtierleyl ysshhy yawaawya fyrformo mtheth perpobrloebml.e mPo.lPiotilictaicla lleleadaedresr,s ,lliikkee lleeaaddeerr
of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There serious consequences, he
of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments . There serious consequences, he
warns, in not wanting to know.
warns,innotwantingtoknow.
N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W.Bush administration to prepare properly for the aftr-efects of
N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of
the invasion of Irag. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002
the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002
remark that we have to be wary of the"unknown unknowns"were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea,Leslie writes,"wasn't
remark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfeld’s idea, Leslie writes, “wasn’t
absurd-it was smart.""He adds,"The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."
absurd-itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn’tfollowhisownadvice.”
O)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi.Each critic in those examples is charging, in
O)All ofwhichbrings us backto Goodellandthe Christie caseand Benghazi. Eachcritic in thoseexamples is charging, in
a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to
a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to
decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses
decidewhich, if any, charges should stick. But let’s be carefulaboutdemanding curiosity aboutthe otherside’s weaknesses
and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake-even
and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake--even
when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.
whenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn’tparticularlywanttoknow.
36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don't know.
36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.
37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.
37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.
38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.
38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.
39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.
39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.
40. There are often accusations about politicians' and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.
40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians'andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.
41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.
41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.
42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.
42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.
43.Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.
43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.
44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's decliningcuriosity.
44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.
45.Mankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.
45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
eaecahch ofo ftthheemm ththereere aarree ffoouurr cchhooiicceess mmaarrkkeedd AA)),, BB)),, CC)) aanndd DD)).. YYoouu sshhoouulldd ddeecciiddee oonn tthhee bbeesstt cchhooiiccee aanndd mmaarrkk tthhee
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet 2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
3
3Aging happens to all of us,and is generally thought of as a natural part of life.It would seem silly to call such a thing a
Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga
"disease."
“disease.”
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things,and that
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that
the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more.In that light, aging itself might be
theformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbe
seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
seenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a
BiophysicistAlex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a
disease creates incentives to develop treatments.
diseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.
"It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical（制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the
“It unties the hands ofthe pharmaceutical(制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and notjust the
side effects," he said.
sideeffects,”hesaid.
"Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control,"he said."In academic circles, people
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people
take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes
take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes
aging for granted, and can do nothing about itexcept keep people within a certain health range."
agingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care.
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care.
What matters is understanding that aging is curable."
Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”
"It was always known that the body accumulates damage,"he added."The only way to cure aging is to find ways to
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to
repair that damage.I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions."
repairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco,said the idea that aging can be cured
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured
implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible.Hayflick is not among them.
impliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.
"There're many people who recover from cancer,stroke, or heart disease.But they continue to age, because aging is
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is
separate from their disease,"Hayflick said."Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would stll not
separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not
go much beyond 92 years."
gomuchbeyond92years.”
46.What do people generally believe about aging?
46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?
AA) )IItt sshhoouulldd ccaauussee nnoo aallaarrmm wwhhaattssooeevveerr..
B)BT)hTehy ejyusjuts tcacnannonto tdod oanayntyhtihning gaabobuotu tiitt..
C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.
D)They can delay it with advances in science.
D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.
47. How do many scientists view aging now?
47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?
A)A )ItI tmmigighth tbbee pprreevveenntteedd aanndd ttrreeaatteedd..
BB)I)t Itcacna nbeb easa sririsskkyy aass hheeaarrtt ddiisseeaassee..
C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.
C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.
D)DIt) Itisis aann iirrrreevveerrssiibbllee bbiioollooggiiccaall pprroocceessss..
48.What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease"?
48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?
AA)I)t Itwiwlill lpprroommptp tpepoepolpel etoto ttaakkee aaggiinngg mmoorere sseerriioouussllyy..
B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.
C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.
D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.
49.What do we learn about the medical community?
49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?
A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.
BB)T)hTeyh edyifdfiefrfe frrformo mthteh eacaacdaedmeimc iccirccirlcelse sinin tthheeiirr vviieeww oonn aaggiinngg..
C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.
C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.
D)DT)heTyh ehyavhea vweayws atyos tiontinertevrevneen eini nppeoepolpel'es’s aaggiinngg pprroocceessss..
50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?
4
4AA)T)hTeh ehuhmuamn alnifliefsepspana nccaannnonto tbbee pprroolloonnggeedd..
B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.
B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.
C) Few people can live up to the age of92.
C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.
D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.
Passage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage
Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of
Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of
recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.
recommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.
As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more
As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more
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receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.
receiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.
"Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at
“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at
Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was
Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was
productive, or intelligent,or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the
productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the
candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.""
candidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”
Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience.
Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience.
They were all edited for gender and other identifying information,so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without
They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without
knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters,
knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters,
compared with their male counterparts.That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and writtn by, yes,
comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,
men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.
Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files.
Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files.
But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their
But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their
careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.
careersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.
"We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious sexist. Rather, the point is to use the
“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious sexist. Rather, the point is to use the
results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional
resultsofthis studytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentallevel oraninstitutional
level or even a discipline level."Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.
levelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.
51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?
A) There are many more men applying than women.
A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.
B)BC)hCanhcaensc efsorfo wrowmeonm teon gtoetg etthteh epopsoistiitoionns saarree ssccaarree..
C)C )MoMreo rmealmeasl etshathn afnemfeamleasl easrea rleilkiekleyl yttoo ggeett oouuttssttaannddiinngg lleetttetresrso forfe croecmommmeennddaattiioonn..
D)D )MaMlea laeppalpipclainctasn thsahvae vmeomreo irentienrteesrte sitni nththesees epposoistitiioonnss tthhaann tthheeiirr ffeemmaallee ccoouunntteerrppaarrttss..
52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?
52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?
A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.
B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.
C)C )MeMn eanrea rbeeblieeliveevde dtot obeb ebebtetteterr aabbllee ttoo eexxcceell ininS STTEEMM ddiisscciipplliinneess..
D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.
D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.
53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?
53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?
A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.
BB)T)hTehy ecyonctoanitna innonthoithngin tghtahta tdidsitsitinngguuisishhese stthhee aapppplliiccaannttss..
C) They provide objective information without exaggerate.
C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggerate.
D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.
D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.
5
554.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?
A)AT)hTehy eaysaksekde udnubniabsiaesde dscshcohloalrasr sttoo eevvaalluuaattee tthheemm..
BB)T)hTehye yinivnivtietedd wwomoemn epnropfreosfseisosinoanlas lstoto eeddiitt tthheemm..
C)CT)hTehme massaissgingende dththeemm raranndodmolmy lytoto rreevviieewweerrss..
D) They deleted all information about gender.
D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.
55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?
A) Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.
A)Raiserecommendationwriters’awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.
BB)O)pOepn eunp ufprfersehs havaevneuneuse fsofro rwwomoemn epnospto-sdto-cdtoocrtso rtsot ojojoinin iinn rreesseeaarrcchh wwoorrkk..
C)C )AlAelretr twwomoemn ernesreeasrecahrecrhse rtsot oalall lttyyppeess ooff ggeennddeerr bbiiaass iinn ththeeS STTEEMM ddisiscciipplliinneess..
D)D )StSatratr taa ppuubblilicc ddiissccuussssiioonn oonn hhooww ttoo rraaiissee wwoommene'ns’ sstsatattuuss iinn aaccaaddeemmici cccirircclleess..
Part Ⅳ Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation (3(300 mmiinnuutteess))
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should
write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
writeyouransweronAnswerSheet 2.
黄黄山山位位于于安安徽徽省省南南部部。。它它风风景景独独特特，，尤尤以以其其日日出出和和云云海海著著称称。。要要欣欣赏赏大大山山的的宏宏伟伟壮壮丽丽，，通通常常得得向向上上看看。。但但要要欣欣
赏赏黄黄山山美美景景，，得得向向下下看看。。黄黄山山的的湿湿润润气气候候有有利利于于茶茶树树生生成成，，是是中中国国主主要要产产茶茶地地之之一一。。这这里里还还有有许许多多温温泉泉，，其其泉泉水水有有
助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
6
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年年6月
6
月大大学学英英语语四四级级真真题题（（第第1
1
套套）
)
Part I Writing
Part I Writing
（(3
3
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0 m
mi
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s）)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short esay on the importance
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance
ofreading ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words butno more than
ofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan
180 words.
180words.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
singlelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
11. .A)ATh)eT rheetruertnu ronf oaf abobtotlttelde dmmesessasgaeg etot oititss oowwnnere'rs's ddaauugghhtteerr..
B)BA) ANewN eHwamHpsahmirpes hmiaren'ms ajno'skejo wkietwh ifthriferinednsd sono nhihsis wwififee..
C)CA) fAatfhaethr'esr' smmesessasgaeg efofro rhhisis ddaauugghhtteerr..
DD) )ThTeh ehihsitsotoryry ooff aa cceennttuurryy--oolldd mmootteell..
2.2A.)A S)hSeh weawntaendt etdo toshsohwo wgragtriattiutdued efofor rhhiiss kkiinnddnneessss..
B)B )ShSeh ewawntaendt etdot ohohnoonro hrehre rfafatthheerr''ss pprroommiissee..
C) She had been asked by her father to do so.
C)Shehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoso.
D)She was excited to see her father's handwriting.
D)Shewasexcitedtoseeherfather'shandwriting.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.3A.)AP)eoPpeloep lweewree rceocnocnecrenrende dabaobuotu ttthhee nnuummbebre rooff bbeeeess..
B)B )SeSveevrearla lcacsaesse soof fZZiikkaa ddiisseeaassee hhaadd bbeeeenn iiddeennttiiffiieedd..
CC)T)wTo wmoilmliiollnio bnebese ewsewree rienifnefcetcetedd wwitihth ddiisseeaassee..
D)D )ZiZkiak avivriruuss hhaadd ddeessttrrooyyeedd ssoommee bbeeee ffaarrmmss..
4.A)It apologized to its customers.
4.A)Itapologizedtoitscustomers.
B) It was forced to kill its bees.
B)Itwasforcedtokillitsbees.
C) It lost a huge stock of bees.
C)Itlostahugestockofbees.
D)DI)t Iltolsots t22.5.5 mmilillliioonn ddoollllaarrss..
QQueusetsitoinosn s5 5ttoo 77 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee nneewwss rreeppoorrtt yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
5.A)It stayed in the air for about two hours.B)It took off and landed on a football field.
5.A)Itstayedintheairforabouttwohours. B)Ittookoffandlandedonafootballfield.
C) It proved to be of high commercial value. D)It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.
C)Itprovedtobeofhighcommercialvalue. D)Itmadeaseriesofsharpturnsinthesky.
6.6A.)A )EnEgnignieneereirinngg pprroobblleemmss.. B) B ) Th T e h e ai a r i r p p o o ll ll u u t t i i o o n n i it t p p r r o o d d u u c c e e d d. .
C) C ) In In a a d d eq e u q a u t a e te f f u u n n d d i i n n g g . . DD) )ThTeh eopoppopsoitsiitoion nffrroomm ththe emmiliilittaarryy..
1
17.A)It uses the latest aviation technology.
7.A)Itusesthelatestaviationtechnology.
B)B )ItI tfflliieess ffaasstteerr ththaann aac coommmmerecricaila ljjeett..
C)C I)tI tiiss aa ssaaffeerr mmeeaannss ooff ttrraannssppoorrttaattiioonn..
D)D I)tI tiiss mmoorree eennvviirroonnmmenetnaltallyl yffrriieennddllyy..
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
comversation,you will hear four questions. Both the comversation and the questions will bespo
conversation, youwill hearfourquestions. Both theconversation andthequestions will bespo
ken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
ken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
chcohiocicees smmarakrekde dAA),)B,)B,) ,CC) )aanndd DD).).ThTehne nmamrak rkthteh eccoorrreressppoondnidning glleetttteerr oonn AAnnsswweerr SShheeeett 1Iwwiitthh
a single line through the centre.
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 8 to ll are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8. A) It seems a depressing topic.
8.A)Itseemsadepressingtopic.
B)B )ItIt ssoouunnddss qquuiittee aallaarrmmiinngg..
C) It has little impact on our daily life.
C)Ithaslittleimpactonourdailylife.
D)D I)tI tiiss ggeettttiinngg mmoorree sseerriioouuss tthheessee ddaayyss..
9.A)The man doesn't understand Spanish.
9.A)Themandoesn'tunderstandSpanish.
B)The woman doesn't really like dancing.
B)Thewomandoesn'treallylikedancing.
C)C )ThTehye ydodno'nt' twwanatn tssoommetehtihnign gtotooo nnooiissyy..
D)They can't make it to the theatre in time.
D)Theycan'tmakeittothetheatreintime.
10.A)It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.
10.A)ItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.Whiteheadhosting.
B)BI)t Ithahsa stotoo omamnay nayctasc ttsot ohohlodl dththe eaauudideinecnec'es' saatttteennttiioonn..
C)CI)t Itisis tthhee mmoosstt aammuussiinngg sshhooww hhee hhaass eevveerr wwaattcchheedd..
D)DI)t Iitsi saa sshhoow winianpapprpoproripartiea tefofro ra annigighth tooff cchhaarriittyy..
1 1 1 1 . . A A ) ) W W at a c tc h h a a c c o o m me e d d y y . . B)B )GGo oanadn dseseee tthhee ddaannccee..
C)C )BoBooko tkhteh etiticckkeettss oonnlliinnee.. D)D )SeSee ea affiillmm wwiitthh tthhee mmaann..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.
12.A)Mostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheis.
BB)S)hSe hseimspimlyp lhyash anso niodeida ewahwath astchscoohlo otlot otrtarannsfsefer rttoo..
C)CT)heTrhee raerea rteooto omamnya nayctaicvtiitviietise sfofro rhheer rttoo ccooppee wwiitthh..
D)D S)hSe hweorwroierrsi esshes hweonw'to nf'ittf itinin aass aa ttrraannssffeerr ssttuuddeenntt..
113.3A.)A S)eSeeke kadavdivciec efrforomm sesneinoiro rssttuuddeennttss..
B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies.
B)Pickupsomemeaningfulhobbies.
C) Participate in after-school activities.
C)Participateinafter-schoolactivities.
D) Look into what the school offers.
D)Lookintowhattheschooloffers.
14.A)Give her help whenever she needs it.
14.A)Giveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.
B) Accept her as a transfer student.
B)Acceptherasatransferstudent.
C) Find her accommodation on campus.
C)Findheraccommodationoncampus.
D)D )InItnrtroodduucec ehheerr ttoo hheerr rorooommmmaatteess..
1155.A.)A S)hSe hheash aisnitnetreersetsst sssiimmilialarr ttoo MMr.r. LLeeee''ss..
B)B )SSheh ehhasa sbbeeccoomem efrfirieennddss wwitithh CCaatthheerriinnee..
C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.
C)ShehaschosenthemajorCatherinehas.
D) She has just transferred to the college.
D)Shehasjusttransferredtothecollege.
Section C
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
乙
2hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afte
hearthreeor fourquestions.Both thepassageandthequestionswill bespokenonlyonce.Afte
ryou hear a question,you must choose the best answer- from the four choices marked A),B),C)
ryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)
aandn dD)D.)T.heTnh emnarmk atrkhe thceorcroersrpeospnodnindgin gleltettteerr oonn AAnsnwsewre rShSeheete t1 1wiwthit ha asisnignlgele lliinnee
through the centre.
throughthecentre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
1166.A.)A )ToT oininvevsetsitiggaattee hhooww bbeeiinngg oovveerrwweiegihgth tiimmpapcatcst soonn hheeaalltthh..
B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.
B)Tofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostpowerful.
C)C )ToT odidsicscovoevre rwwhahta tmomsot smtimceic leilkike ettoo eeaatt..
D) To determine what feelings mice have.
D)Todeterminewhatfeelingsmicehave.
17.A) When they are hungry.
17.A)Whentheyarehungry.
B)When they are thirsty.
B)Whentheyarethirsty.
CC) )WWhehne nthtehye yssmmelell lffoooodd..
D) When they want company.
D)Whentheywantcompany.
18.A)They search for food in groups.
18.A)Theysearchforfoodingroups.
B)B )ThTehye yaraer eoovevrewrewiegihgth twwhehne nfofoodo disis pplleennttyy..
C) They prefer to be with other mice.
C)Theyprefertobewithothermice.
D) They enjoy the company of other animals.
D)Theyenjoythecompanyofotheranimals.
Questions 19 to21 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Its construction started before World War I.
19.A)ItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarI.
B)BI)tsIt scconosntsrtuructcitioonn ccoosstt mmoorree tthhaann $$440 0bbilillliioonn..
C)C I)tI tiiss eeffffiicciieennttllyy uusseedd ffoorr ttrraannssppoorrtt..
D)It is one of the best in the world.
D)Itisoneofthebestintheworld.
220.0A.)ATo) Tiompirmopvero tvreatnrsapnosrptoarttiaotino nini nththee ccoouunntrtryyssiiddee..
B)B )TTo omomvoe vtertorooposp squqiucikclkyl yfrfroomm plpalcaec ettoo ppllaaccee..
C)C )ToT oeneanbalbe lepepoepolep lteot otrtaravvele laatt aa hhiigghheerr ssppeeeedd..
D)D T)oT ospsepeede dupu pthteh etrtraannssppoortrtaattiioonn ooff ggooooddss..
21.A)In the 1970s. B) In the 1960s.
21.A)Inthe1970s. B)Inthe1960s.
C)C )InIn tthhee 11995500ss.. D)D )IInn tthhee 11994400ss..
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Chatting while driving.
22.A)Chattingwhiledriving.
B)B )MMesessasgaignign gwhwihleil eddrriivviinngg..
C) Driving under age.
C)Drivingunderage.
D)D )SSpepeedeidningg oonn hhiigghhwwaayyss..
223.3A.)AA) gAadggaedtg etto tohohlodl da apphhonoen eoon ntthhee sstteeeerriinnggw whheeell..
B)BA) gAadggaedtg etot tochcahragreg ethteh epphohnoen einin aa ccaarr..
C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.
C)Adevicetocontrolthespeedofavehicle.
D)A device to ensure people drive with both hands.
D)Adevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothhands.
224.4A.)ATh)eT chaerc kaerekpese pflsafslhaisnhgin igtist shheeadaldiligghhtsts..
BB)T)hTe hcearc asrlsolwosw dsodwonw gnragdruaadlulayl ltyot oa ahhalatlt..
C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.
C)Theyarealertedwithalightandasound.
DD)T)heTyh egyetg eat awawranrinnign gono nththeierir ssmmaarrtt pphhoonnee..
25.A) Installing a camera. B) Using a connected app.
25.A)Installingacamera. B)Usingaconnectedapp.
C) Checking their emails. D) Keeping a daily record
C)Checkingtheiremails. D)Keepingadailyrecord
3
3Part II
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with10 blanks. You are required to select one word
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels.
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels.
They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the
They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside.When the
tower was first_26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square
tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square
stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until
stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall offthe face for 40 years until
a major renovation was 27__. During this renovation the building's owners, CIS,28
a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, __28__
the solar panel company, Solar century. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar
the solar panel company, Solar century. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar
panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar
panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest __29__ of vertical solar
panels.A vertical solar project on such a large_30 has never been repeated since.
panels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge__30__hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before,and the CIS tower
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower
was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this
was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this
renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was___31_
renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was __31__
overtaken by the Mill bank Tower.
overtakenbytheMillbankTower.
Green buildings like this aren't 32_ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce
Greenbuildingslikethisaren't__32__cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproduce
much less pollution than that caused by energy_33 through fossil fuels.As solar panels
much less pollution than that caused by energy __33__ through fossil fuels.As solar panels
get___34_, the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting
get __34__ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting
energy much like trees do.Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a
energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a
race of 35, but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
raceof__35__,butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.
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Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by marking the
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomework
A)Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework,
A)Digitallearningsystems nowcharge studentsforaccesscodesneededtocomplete coursework,
take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a
take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a
new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks:
new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks:
pricey online accss codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.
priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.
工
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hTe hceodceosd—esw—hiwchh itcyhptiycpailclayl lyrarnagneg einin pprriiccee ffrroomm $$8800 ttoo $$115555 ppeerrcocuorusres—e—gigviev eststuuddeenntsts oonnlliinnee
access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These
access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These
companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new
companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new
online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the
online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the
future of the industry.
futureoftheindustry.
C）C) BButu tccrriittiiccss ssaayy tthhee ddiiggiittaalla caccecsesssc ocdodeess rerpepreresseennttt htehes asmamee pprrooffiit-ts-eseekeiknignge ethtohoss(（观观念念）) ooff tthhee
textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy
textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy
second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially
second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially
impossible to avoid.
impossibletoavoid.
D）"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄
D) "When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄
断断）
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advocate for the U.S.Public Interest Research Group,to BuzzFeed News. "Rather than $250
advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. "Rather than $250
(f(foorr aa ppririnntt tteexxttbbooookk)) yyoouu''rree ppaayyiinngg $$1210,2"0 ,"saisadi dSeSnaecnka.c k".Bu"tB ubtecbaeucsaeu iset'sit 'salall ldidgiigtitaall iitt
eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests
eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests
are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out."
arethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout."
E) Sarina Harpet,a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when
E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when
she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told
she first started college in 2015—pay rentor pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told
BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system
BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system
provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their
provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their
grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already
grades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalready
put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
putdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.
F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150-$ 200, to
F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200, to
pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result."It's a
pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. "It's a
balancing act," she said."Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in her
balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in her
first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
firsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.
G
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they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21of the higher education market, reported
they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported
in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The
in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The
ccoommpapnayn ysasiadi dththaatt 4455o%f iotfs it$s 1$401 4m0ilmliilolnio nrerveevneuneu eini n2021051 5"w"aws asdedreirvievde dfrforomm didgiigtitaall
products"
products."
H)HA) PAeaPresaorns osnposkpeoskpeesrpseonrs otnoltdo lBduzBzuFzezeFde NeedwNs etwhastt h"adtig"idtigalit amlamteartiearilasl saarree lleessss eexxppeennssiivvee aanndd aa
good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and
good investment" that offernewfeatures, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and
expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60ompared to traditional
expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional
printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment,
printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment,
but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education, the era
but its CEO David Levin told the FinancialTimes inAugust that "in higher education, the era
of the printed textbook is now over."
oftheprintedtextbookisnowover."
5
5I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. "These
I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. "These
digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds
digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds
of features,"David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association
of features," DavidAnderson, the executive director of higher education with theAssociation
of American Publishers,told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in a way that you
ofAmerican Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in a way that you
can't do with print homework assignments."
can'tdowithprinthomeworkassignments."
J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out
J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out
digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he
digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he
understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his
understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his
students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make
studentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments."Itryto make
things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes
things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes
but designs his own curriculum. "The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel
but designs his own curriculum. "The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel
like Im giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the
like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the
students most. "
studentsmost."
KK)A) 2A0-2y0e-ayre-aorl-od ldjujnuinoiro raatt GGeeoorgrgiiaa SSoouutthheerrnn UUnniviveerrssiittyy ttoolldd BBuuzzzzFFeeeedd NNeewws stthhaatt sshhee nnoorrmmaallllyy
spends $ 500-$600 on access codes for class.In one case,the professor didn't require students
spends$500-$ 600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn'trequirestudents
to buy a textbook,just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $ 900
to buyatextbook, justanaccesscodetoturn in homework.This yearshesaidshespent$ 900
on access codes to books and programs. "That's two months of rent,"she said. "You can't sell
on access codes to books and programs. "That's two months of rent," she said. "You can't sell
any of it back.With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30-S50 and that helps to pay
any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay
for your new semester's books. With an access code,you're out of that money."
foryournewsemester'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you'reoutofthatmoney."
LL)B)eBnjeanmjianm WinolWveorltvoenr,toa n1,9a-y1e9a-ry-eoalrd- osldtusdteundte natt atthteh eUUninvievresristityy ooff SSoouutthh CCaarroolliinnaa,, ttooldldB BuuzzzzFFeeeedd
News that"it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all
News that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all
these access codes to do our homework."Many of the access codes he's purchased have been
these access codes to do our homework." Many of the access codes he's purchased have been
required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "Often it's only 10of your grade in
required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "Often it's only 10% of your grade in
class." he said. "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your
class." he said. "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your
grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. It would be bad to start
grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. It would be bad to start
ouotu taatt aa BB oorr CC..""WWolovlevretrotno nsasiadid hhee ssppeenntt $$ 550000 oonn aacccceessss ccooddeess ffoorr ddiiggiittaallb oboookkssa nanddp proroggrraammss
this semester.
thissemester.
M） Harper， a poultry（家禽）science major， is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a
M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a
new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks
new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks
for about $ 20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought
for about $ 20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought
second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $ 85.
second-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.
N)N )ShSeh estsitlilll rreemmeemmbebres rsthteh estsitinngg ooff hheerr ffiirrsstt eexxppeerriieennccee sskkiippppiinngg aann aassssigignnmmeenntt dduuee ttoo tthhee hhiigghh
ppriricceess.. ""WWe edodno'nt' trreeaallllyy hhaavvee aa mmisissesde dasassisgignmnemnte nptoplioclyic,y", "shseh esasiadi.d .""IIff yyoouu mmisiss sitit,, yyoouu jjuusstt
miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up.
miss it. Ijustgotzeros onacoupleoffirst assignments. Imanaged topulleverythingbackup.
But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun."
Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it'snotfun."
6
636.A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.
36.Astudent'syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.
37. The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.
37.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.
38.If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their
38. If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their
assignments.
assignments.
39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.
39.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.
40. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they
40. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they
believe will be the future of the publishing business.
believewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.
41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high
41. One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high
tuition.
tuition.
42.Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books
42. Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books
according to a publisher.
accordingtoapublisher.
43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.
43.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.
44. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise
44. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise
for their students.
fortheirstudents.
45.Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook
45. Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook
business.
business.
Section C
SectionC
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
oor ruunfnifinniisshheedd ssttaatteemmeennttss.. FFoorr eeaacchh ooff thtehmem tthheerreea areref ofuorurc hcohiociecsesm amrakrekdedA A),),B )B,),CC)) aanndd
DD).) .YYoouu sshhoouuldld ddeecciiddee oonn tthhee bbeesstt cchhooiiccee aanndd mmaarrkk tthhee ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg lleetttetrero nonA nAnsswweerr SShheeeett22
with a single line through the centre.
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
LoLsoisnign gyoyuoru rabaibliilittyy ttoo tthhiinnkk aanndd rreemmeemmbbere riiss pprreettttyy scscaaryr.y.WWee kknnooww tthhee rriisskk ooff ddeemmeennttiiaa（(痴痴
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pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
prettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.
After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people,places and
Afterage50,it's quitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesand
things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
thingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen'sHospitalinBoston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain
Thebrainages justlikethe restofthebody.Certain parts shrink, especiallyareasinthe brain
that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect
that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect
communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood
communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood
vessels narrow.
vesselsnarrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about.
But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning,
Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon'trememberevenseeingit,that's farmoreconcerning,
Daffner says.
Daffnersays.
7
7When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious
may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or
may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or
forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs
forgettinghowto drive tothehouseofafriendyou've visitedmanytimes beforecanalso besigns
of something going wrong.
ofsomethinggoingwrong.
But even then,Daffiner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause
confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing
confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing
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antidepressants.
antidepressants.
You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check
Youdon'thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheck
on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best
on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best
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reserve, Daffner says.
reserve,Daffnersays.
"Read books,go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel
"Read books, go to movies, take onnew hobbies oractivities that force one to think in novel
ways,"he says.In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active,
ways," he says. In otherwords,keep yourbrain busyand working.And also getphysically active,
because exercise is a known brain booster.
becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.
46.Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?
46.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn'tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslips?
A.Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
A.Notallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.
B.They occur only among certain groups of people.
B.Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.
C.Not all of them are related to one's age.
C.Notallofthemarerelatedtoone'sage.
D.They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.
D.Theyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.
47.What happens as we become aged according to the passage?
47.Whathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassage?
A.Our interaction skills deteriorate.
A.Ourinteractionskillsdeteriorate.
B.Some parts of our brain stop functioning.
B.Somepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.
C.Communication within our brain weakens.
C.Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.
D.Our whole brain starts shrinking.
D.Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.
48.Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?
48.Whichmemory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriously?
A.Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.
A.Totallyforgettinghowtodoone'sdailyroutines.
B.Inability to recall details of one's life experiences.
B.Inabilitytorecalldetailsofone'slifeexperiences.
C.Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.
C.Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.
D.Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.
D.Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone'sfriends.
49.What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?
49.Whatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowup?
A.Check the brain's cognitive reserve.
A.Checkthebrain'scognitivereserve.
B.Stop medications affecting memory.
B.Stopmedicationsaffectingmemory.
C.Turn to a professional for assistance.
C.Turntoaprofessionalforassistance.
D.Exercise to improve their well-being.
D.Exercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.
8
850.What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?
50.WhatisDr.Daffner'sadviceforcombatingmemoryloss?
A.Having regular physical and mental checkups.
A.Havingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.
B.Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.
B.Takingmedicinethathelpsboostone'sbrain.
C.Engaging in known memory repair activities.
C.Engaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.
D.Staying active both physically and mentally.Passage Two
D.Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.PassageTwo
Passage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution
Aletter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution
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"We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of the
"We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of the
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from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the
from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the
letter for research purposes," and the intem put the letter back. "The intern likely took the letter
letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter back. "The intern likely took the letter
again once nobody was watching it."
againoncenobodywaswatchingit."
Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very
Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very
close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press
close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press
charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to
charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to
determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.
determinethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsonian'sproperty.
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer
Hayden,for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become
Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become
Yellowstone National Park.
YellowstoneNationalPark.
The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff
Theletteris infairlygood condition,in spiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaff
for so long. "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor
for so long. "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor
things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing
thingsinordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightly,butnothing
that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos ofit and that will
thatwill preventus fromusingit.Afteritis repaired,wewill take digitalphotosofitandthatwill
be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public
beavailable online.Oneofourgoals istoget itemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepublic
online."
online."
It would now be difficult for an intern,visitor or a thief to steal a document like this."Archiving
Itwouldnowbedifficultforanintern,visitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis."Archiving
practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep our high value
practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep our high value
documents in a safe that I don't even have access to."
documentsinasafethatIdon'tevenhaveaccessto."
51.What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?
51.WhathappenedtoDarwin'sletterinthe1970s?
A.It was recovered by the FBI.
A.ItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.
B.It was stolen more than once.
B.Itwasstolenmorethanonce.
C.It was put in the archives for research purposes.
C.Itwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.
D.It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.
D.ItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.
52.What did the FBI do after therecovery of the letter?
52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletter?
9
9A.They proved its authenticity.
A.Theyproveditsauthenticity.
B.They kept it in a special safe.
B.Theykeptitinaspecialsafe.
C.They arrested the suspect immediately.
C.Theyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.
D.They pressed criminal charges in vain.
D.Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.
53.What is Darwin's letter about?
53.WhatisDarwin'sletterabout?
A.The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.
A.TheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.
B.His cooperation with an American geologist.
B.HiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.
C.Some geological evidence supporting his theory.
C.Somegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.
D.His acknowledgement of help from a professional.
D.Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.
54.What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?
54.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalis?
A.Reserve it for research purposes only.
A.Reserveitforresearchpurposesonly.
B.Turn it into an object of high interest.
B.Turnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.
C.Keep it a permanent secret.
C.Keepitapermanentsecret.
D.Make it available online.
D.Makeitavailableonline.
55.What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?
55.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalis?
A.Growing interest in rare art objects.
A.Growinginterestinrareartobjects.
B.Radical changes in archiving practices.
B.Radicalchangesinarchivingpractices.
C.Recovery of various missing documents.
C.Recoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.
D.Increases in the value of museum exhibits.
D.Increasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.
Part IV
Translation
(30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
过过去去，，乘乘飞飞机机出出行行对对大大多多数数中中国国人人来来说说是是难难以以想想象象的的。。如如今今，，随随着着经经济济的的发发展展和和生生活活水水平平
的的提提高高，，越越来来越越多多的的中中国国人人包包括括许许多多农农民民和和外外出出务务工工人人员员都都能能乘乘飞飞机机出出行行。。他他们们可可以以乘乘飞飞机机
到到达达所所有有大大城城市市，，还还有有很很多多城城市市也也在在筹筹建建机机场场。。航航空空服服务务不不断断改改进进，，而而月且经经常常会会有有廉廉价价机机票票。。
近近年年来来，，节节假假日日期期间间选选择择乘乘飞飞机机外外出出旅旅游游的的人人数数在在不不断断增增加加。。
10
1011
112
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年6月
6
月大大学学英英语语四四级级真真题题（（第第2
2
套套）
)
Part I Writing
Part I Writing
（(3
3
0
0 m
mi
i
n
n
u
u
t
t
e
es
s）)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance
of writing ability and how to develop it You should write at least 120 words but no more than
ofwriting ability and howtodevelopit. Youshould write atleast120wordsbutnomorethan
180 word.
180words.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
singlelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you havejust heard.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Annoyed. B) Scared.
1.A)Annoyed. B)Scared.
C) Confused. D) Offended.
C)Confused. D)Offended.
22.A.)AI)t Itcrcarawwlelde doovvere rtthhee wwoommana'ns's hhaannddss..
B)B )ItIt wwoounudn dupu pono ntthhee sstteeeerriinngg wwhheeeell..
C)CI)t Iwtaws aksikllilelde dbyb yththe eppoloilcicee oonn tthhee ssppoott..
D)DI)t Iwtawsa csocvoevreerde dwiwthit hlalarrggee ssccaalleess..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.3A.)A A) Astusdtuyd oyfo tfhteh efafasstt--ffoooodd sseerrvviiccee..
B)B )FaFsats tffoooodd ccuuststoommere rsastaitissffaaccttiioonn..
C)C )McMDocnDaolnd'asld 'nsenwe bwusbiunseisnse ssstsrtaratteeggiieess..
D)D )CoCmopemtpiteitiotnio inni nthteh efafasstt--ffoooodd iinndduussttrryy..
4.A) Customers' higher demands.
4.A)Customers'higherdemands.
B)BT)heT hieneinfeffifciciieennccyy ooff eemmppllooyyeeeess..
C) Increased variety of products.
C)Increasedvarietyofproducts.
D)D )ThTeh eririssiinngg nnuummbbere rooff ccuussttoommeerrss..
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you havejust heard.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)International treaties regarding space travel programs.
5.A)Internationaltreatiesregardingspacetravelprograms.
B)Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.
B)Legalissuesinvolvedincommercialspaceexploration.
C)CU).SU..gSo.vgeornvmeernntm'esn at'psparpopvraolv aolf opfrpirviavtaete ssppaaccee mmisisssiioonnss..
D)DC)omCpoemtipteitoitnio anmaomngo npgubpluibcl icanadn dprpirvivaattee ssppaaccee ccoommppaanniieess..
6.6A.)ADe)lDiveelirv esrcsiceinetnitfifiicc eeqquuiippmmeenntt ttoo tthheem moooonn..
B)Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.
B)Approveanewmissiontotravelintoouterspace.
CC)W)oWrko rwkitwh itfhedfeedrearla laaggenecniceiess oonn ssppaaccee pprrooggrraammss..
D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.
D)LaunchamannedspacecrafttoMars.
1
17.A) It is significant. B) It is promising.
7.A)Itissignificant. B)Itispromising.
C) It is unpredictable. D) It is unprofitable.
C)Itisunpredictable. D)Itisunprofitable.
Section B
SectionB
Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken
conversation,youwill hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
chcohiociecse smmarakrekde dA)A,)B,)B,C),) Ca)nda nDd).D )T.hTenh emnarmka rtkhet hceocrorerrsepsopnodinndgin lgeltetteterr oonn AAnnsswwere rSSheheete tl1wwitithh aa ssii
ngle line through the centre.
nglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.8 .A)A V)iVsiitsiitning ghhere rffaammililyy iinn TThhaaiillaanndd..
B) Showing friends around Phuket.
B)ShowingfriendsaroundPhuket.
C)C )SSwiwmimminmgi nagroaurondu nad aThTahia iisisllaanndd..
D)D )LyLiynign gini ntthhee ssuunn oonn aa TThhaaii bbeeaacchh..
9.9 .A) ASh)eS hveisviistietde daa TThhaaii oorrpphhaannaaggee..
B)B )ShSeh ememt eat aThTaih agiigrilr'ls's ppaarreennttss..
C) She learned some Thai words.
C)ShelearnedsomeThaiwords.
D) She sunbathed on a Thai beach.
D)ShesunbathedonaThaibeach.
1100. .A) AH)isH cislacslsa swsiwlli llstsatartrt iinn aa mmiinnuuttee..
B) He has got an incoming phone call.
B)Hehasgotanincomingphonecall.
C)C )SoSmoemoneeo nies isknkoncokcikngin gata thhisis ddoooorr..
D) His phone is running out of power.
D)Hisphoneisrunningoutofpower.
1111. .A)AHe) Hise iisntinerteersetsetde diinn TThhaaii aarrttwwoorrkkss..
B)B )HeH eisi sggooiningg ttoo ooppeenn aa ssoouuvveenniirr sshhoopp..
C)C )HeH ceoclolellcetcst stthhiinnggs sffrroomm didfifffeerreenntt ccoouunntrtriieess..
D)D )HeH ewawnatns tstoto kknnooww momroe reabaobuotu tThTahia iccuultltuurree..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1122.. AA)B)uByiunygin sgosmoem feitfintensess seeqquuiippmmenetn tffoorr tthhee nneeww ggyymm..
BB)O)pOenpienngi nag agygmy manda nbdebcoemcionmgi npgerpseornsaoln atlrtaraiinneerrss..
C)C )SiSginginnign gupu pfofor raa wweeiigghhtt--lloossss ccoouurrssee..
DD) )TTryryiinngg oouutt aa nneeww ggyymm iinn ttoowwnn..
13. A) Professional personal training.
13. A)Professionalpersonaltraining.
B) Free exercise for the first week.
B)Freeexerciseforthefirstweek.
C) A discount for a half-year membership.
C)Adiscountforahalf-yearmembership.
DD) )AdAddidtiitoinoanla lbbeneenfeiftitss ffoorr yyoouunngg ccoouupplleess..
14. A) The safety of weight-lifting.
14. A)Thesafetyofweight-lifting.
B)B )TTheh ehhiigghh mmemebmebresrhsihpi pffeeee..
C) The renewal of his membership.
C)Therenewalofhismembership.
D)D )ThTeh eopoepreartaitoino noof fffiittnneessss eeqquuiippmmeenntt..
15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.
15. A)Shewantsherinvitationrenewed.
B)B )ShSeh eusuesde dtot oddo o22000 0sistit--uuppss eevveerryy ddaayy..
C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.
C)Sheknowsthebasicsofweight-lifting.
D)D )ShSeh eusuesde dtot obeb eththee ggyym'ms' spperesrosnoanla lttrraaiinneerr..
Section C
SectionC
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
乙
2hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After yo
hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryo
u uhheaeraar aquqeusetsitoino,ny,oyuo umumstu scthcohoosoe stehteh ebebsets taannsswwere rffrroomm tthhee ffoouurr cchhooiicceess mmaarrkkeedd AA)),.BB)),,CC)) aanndd DD)),.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
116.6 .A)A T)hTehy etyetnedn dtot obbe enneerrvvoousu sdduuririnngg iinntteerrvviieewwss..
B) They often apply for a number of positions.
B)Theyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.
C) They worry about the results of their applications.
C)Theyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.
D)D )ThTehye ysesaeracrhc hexetxetnesnisviveleyly ffoorr eemmpploloyyeresrs'' iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn..
17. A) Get better organized.
17. A)Getbetterorganized.
B)B )EdEidti ttthheeiirr rreeffeerreenncceess..
C) Find better-paid jobs.
C)Findbetter-paidjobs.
D) Analyze the searching process.
D)Analyzethesearchingprocess.
118.8A.) APr)oPvirodev idtheetihre idradtaa taini nddeteataiill..
B)B )PePresrosnoanlailzize eeeaacchh aappppliliccaattiioonn..
C)C )MaMkea kueseu soefo bfebtetteterr sseeaarrcchh eennggiinneess..
D)D )ApApplpy lyfofro rmmoroer eprpormoimsiisnign gpopsoistitiioonnss..
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
119.9A.)IAfk)iIdfsk iddisdndoitd nlioktel ikscehsocohlo, orl,earel allelearanrniningg wwouoludl dnonto tttaakkee ppllaaccee..
B)Ifnot forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.
B)Ifnotforcedtogotoschool,kidswouldbeoutinthestreets.
C)C )IfI fsscchhooolosl sssttaayyeedd tthhee wwaya ythtehye yaraer,e ,ppaarerentnsts wwereer esusruer ettoo pprrootteesstt..
D)If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.
D)Ifteachingfailedtoimprove,kidswouldstayawayfromschool.
20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.
20. A)Allowthemtoplayinterestinggamesinclass.
B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.
B)Trytostiruptheirinterestinlabexperiments.
C)C )LeLte ttthheemm stsatayy hhoomem eanadn dlelaeranr nfrfroomm ththeierir ppaarreennttss..
D)DD)esDiegsni ganctaicvtiivtiiteiess tthheeyy nnooww eennjjooyy ddooiinngg oonn hhoolliiddaayyss..
221.1 .A)A A)lAlolwlo wkidksi dtsot olelaeranrn aatt tthheeiirr oowwnn ppaaccee..
B) Encourage kids to learn from each other.
B)Encouragekidstolearnfromeachother.
C)C )OrOgragnaizneiz keikdisd sinitnot ovvarairoiouus siinntteerreesstt ggrroouuppss..
D)Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.
D)Takekidsoutofschooltolearnatfirsthand.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
222.2 .A)AIt) Iitsi sesepsepceicailalllyy ppooppuulalarr iinn FFlloorriiddaa aanndd AAllaasskkaa..
B) It is a major social activity among the young.
B)Itisamajorsocialactivityamongtheyoung.
C)C )ItIt iiss sseeeenn aalmlmoosstta annyywwhheerree aanndd oonn aannyy ooccccaassiioonn..
D)DI)t Iitsis eevveenn mmoroer eexepxrpersessisvive etthhaann tthhee wwrriitttteenn wwoorrdd..
23. A)It is located in a big city in lowa. B)It is really marvelous to look at.
23. A)ItislocatedinabigcityinIowa. B)Itisreallymarveloustolookat.
C) C ) It I t o o f f f f e e r r s s f f r re ee e d da a n n c c e e c c l l a a s s s s e e s s t to o s s e e n ni io or r s s . . DD) )ItI tooffffeerrss ppeeooppllee aa cchhaannccee ttoo ssoocciiaalliizzee..
24. A)Their state of mind improved. B) They became better dancers.
24. A)Theirstateofmindimproved. B)Theybecamebetterdancers.
C) C ) Th T e h y e y en e j n o j y o e y d e d be b t e t t e t r e r h h e e a a l l t t h h . . D)D )ThTehieri rrerellaattiioonnsshhiipp ssttrreennggtthheenneedd..
25.A)It is fun. B)It is life.
25.A)Itisfun. B)Itislife.
C) It is exhausting. D)I is rhythmical.
C)Itisexhausting. D)Itisrhythmical.
PartII
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage withl0 blanks. You are required to select one word
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword
3
3for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
bya letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as
Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as
they once were but,according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst
they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst
city in the United States for levels of _26.Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center,an
city in the United States forlevels of __26__. Gazing down onthe city from the Getty Center,an
art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred
artmuseumin theSanta Monica Mountains,onewouldfindtheview ofthePacific Oceanblurred
byb yththe ehhazaez（e (霾霾）)..NNoro riiss tthhee ssttaattee's'sb abdada iari_r_ 2277 _t_o tiotsit ssosoutuht.hF.rFersenson，oi,ni ntthhee cceennttrraall vvaalllleeyy,，cocommeess
top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents'hearts and lungs are affected as a
top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a
28.All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological
__28__ . All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological
29, makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution
__29__ , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution
in __30.And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco,has been doing over the
in __30__ . And that is just whatAclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the
past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are_31to yield
past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are __31__ to yield
minute-to-minute maps of _32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on
minute-to-minute maps of __32__ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on
what is happening inside buildings, including offices.
whatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.
To this end,Aclima has been 33_with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl,
To this end, Aclima has been __33__ with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl,
Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit
Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit
workers went on strike and the city's 34_ were forced to use their cars. Conversely,"cycle to
workers went on strike and the city's __34__ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to
work" days have done their job by _35_ pollution lows.
work"dayshavedonetheirjobby__35__pollutionlows.
A) assisted B) collaborating C) consequence D) consumers
A) assisted B)collaborating C)consequence D)consumers
E) creating F) detail G)domestic H) frequently
E) creating F)detail G)domestic H)frequently
I) inhabitants J) innovation K) intended L) outdoor
I)inhabitants J)innovation K)intended L)outdoor
M) pollutants N) restrieted CO) sum
M)pollutants N)restricted O)sum
Section B
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may chose a paragraph more than
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by marking the
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces 'Endangered'List
AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces'Endangered'List
AA) )OnO na arerceecnetn ftaflalll mmoronrinnign,g ,a allaarrggee ccrroowwd dblbolcokcekde dthteh estsetepsp saat toonnee ooff VVeenincicee's's mmaianin ttoouurriisstt
sites, the Rialto Bridge.The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal.It
sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It
is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco
is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco
and San Polo.But on this day,there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians,not tourists.
andSanPolo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist:itwasfilledwithVenetians,nottourists.
B)"People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who
B) "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who
helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he
helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he
refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian."It started as a joke," he says
refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says
with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know?Like Ben Hur. Precisely like
with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels!Youknow? Like Ben Hur.Precisely like
that, you just go around and run people down."
that,youjustgoaroundandrunpeopledown."
4
4C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world.But that's a problem. Up to
C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to
90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent
90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent
residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the
residents.The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the
1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are
1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are
tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea
tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea
of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to
of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to
school or to work.
schoolortowork.
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failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the
failedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,becausethey'reonlyinterestedintourism—the
primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow,"she says,
primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says,
"and everyone wants a piece."
"andeveryonewantsapiece."
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bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every
bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every
time Isee a cruise ship,I feel sad,"Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves
time Iseeacruiseship,Ifeelsad,"Chigi says."Youseethe mud itdrags;the destructionitleaves
in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day well see
initswake?Thathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe'llsee
Venice break down."
Venicebreakdown."
F)For a time,UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years
F)Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedtoagree.Twoyears
ago, it put Italy on notice,saying the government was not protecting Venice.UNESCO considers
ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers
the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice,at the cultural level, belongs
theentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreathonorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongs
to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's
to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's
flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger,joining
flourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlist—WorldHeritageInDanger,joining
such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.
suchsitesasAleppoandPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.
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memeteientign gini nIsItsatannbublu.l .OOnlnyl yonoen ererperperseesnetnattaitvivee,, JJaadd TTaabbeett ffrroomm LLebeabnaonno, nt,rtireiedd ttoo rraaiissee tthhee isissuseue..""FFoorr
several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a
several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a
dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to
dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to
Waste."
waste."
H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote."It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers,
H)ButUNESCOdidn'tevenholdavote."It'sbeenpostponeduntil2017,"saysAnnaSomers,
the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group
the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group
devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N.cultural organization didn't
devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't
vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become
vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become
"intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations."
"intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomeback-roomnegotiations."
DI)) IIttaallyy bbooaassttssm moorree UUNNEESCSOC OWorWldo rHlderHiteargitea gSeitSeiste sthtahna nanayn yotohtehre rcocuonutnrtyry iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd,,
granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the
granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites,is Francesco Bandarin,a Venetian
UNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,whichoverseesheritage sites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetian
who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.
whonowservesasUNESCO'sassistantdirector-generalforculture.
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aratr tddeetteeccttiivveess aanndd aarrcchhaaeeoolologgisisttss（(考考古古学学家家）t)ot oprportoetcetc tcculutltuurraall hheerriittaaggee ffrroomm nnaattuurraall ddiissaasstteerrss aanndd
terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of
terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of
art and culture.
artandculture.
K)But ading Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in
K) But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in
developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could
developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could
even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any
even hurtItaly's profitable tourism industry.The Italian Culture Ministry says itis unaware ofany
government efforts to pressure UNESCO.As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an
governmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforan
interview.
interview.
L)The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its
L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its
own business,while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice
own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice
residents.
residents.
MM) )AsA fsorf oVrenVeetnieatnias,n st,htehye'yr'ere bbeyeoynodn dfrfursutsrtraatteedd aanndd hohpoipnign gfofro ra asosloultuitioonn ssoooon.n .""IItt''ss aa
nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he
nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he
navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge."There are just so many of them. They
navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They
never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets
never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets
can be exhausting."
canbeexhausting."
N)Then ithits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's
N)Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn'tmadeupoftourists.They'reVenetians.Giorgiosayshe's
never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who
never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who
are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly."It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of
are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of
endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure."But, he worries, if tourism isn't
endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't
managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last
managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last
who can call themselves native Venetians.
whocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.
36.The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.
36.ThepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsinVenice.
37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to
37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to
protect its cultural heritage.
protectitsculturalheritage.
38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years.
38.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.
39.The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of
39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of
tourists.
tourists.
40.If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day.
40.Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetheroneday.
41.UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice.
41.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice.
42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100local
42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local
residents.
residents.
43.Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism
43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism
industry.
industry.
44.One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only
44. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only
focused on the revenues from tourism.
focusedontherevenuesfromtourism.
45.UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger.
45.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesInDanger.
6
6Section C
SectionC
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questionsor un
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorun
ffiinniisshheedd sstattaetmeemnetns.tsF.o rForea cehacho fofth etmhemth etrheeraer earfeo ufroucrh ocicheosicmesa rkmeadrkAed), AB)),,B)C,)C)aanndd
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 wit
D). Youshould decide onthe bestchoice andmark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2 wit
h a single line through the centre.
hasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's
mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a
mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a
sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost
sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost.
Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed
Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed
people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety."There
people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There
could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example,people do many things to make themselves
could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves
happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those
happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those
things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of
things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of
well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We
well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We
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wasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting
positive effet on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period
positiveeffectonpeople's senseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiod
of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the
of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the
University of Essex.
UniversityofEssex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said:"What you see is that even after three years,
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years,
mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy."
mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy."
He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed,and less stressed people made
He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made
more sensible decisions and communicated better.
moresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a
positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public
positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public
policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide
policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide
where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."
wherethemoneywillcomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces."
46.According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
46.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeople?
A.Improve their work efficiency.
A.Improvetheirworkefficiency.
B.Add to their sustained happiness.
B.Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.
C.Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
C.Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.
D.Lessen their concerns about material well-being.
D.Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.
47.What does Dr.White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
47.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?
A.Earn more money.
A.Earnmoremoney.
B.Settle in an urban area.
B.Settleinanurbanarea.
7
7C.Gain fame and popularity.
C.Gainfameandpopularity.
D.Live in a green environment.
D.Liveinagreenenvironment.
48.What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
48.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?
A.How it affects different people.
A.Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.
B.How strong its positive effect is.
B.Howstrongitspositiveeffectis.
C.How long its positive effect lasts.
C.Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.
D.How it benefits people physically.
D.Howitbenefitspeoplephysically.
49.What did Dr.White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?
49.WhatdidDr.White'sresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironment?
A.Their stress was more apparent than real.
A.Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.
B.Their decisions required less deliberation.
B.Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.
C. Their memories were greatly strengthened.
C.Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.
D.Their communication with others improved.
D.Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.
50.According to Dr.White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincities?
A.Find financial support.
A.Findfinancialsupport.
B.Improve urban planning.
B.Improveurbanplanning.
C.Involve local residents in the effort.
C.Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.
D.Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage Two
D.Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.PassageTwo
PasSage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
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Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class
Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class
included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic
included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic
wasn't even the flagship of this class.All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea
wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea
engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.
engineering,buttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.
The Olympic launched first in 1910,followed by the Titanic in 1911,and lastly the Britannic
The Olympic launchedfirst in 1910,followed bytheTitanic in 1911,and lastly the Britannic
in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most
in1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhiteStarLinedecidedtofocusonmakingthemthemost
luxurious ships on the water.
luxuriousshipsonthewater.
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and
everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered
everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered
terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the
terribleaccidentsontheopenseas.TheOlympicgotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdid,butitwasthe
only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink
only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink
after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval
after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval
mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.
minein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews
below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack
belowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsaretheship'ssmokestacks,butthefourthstack
was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank.
wasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,
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mistakenideathatledtotheTitanic'sandtheBritannic'stragicend.
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship
and troop transport in World War I.Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the
and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the
era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.
eraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.
51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?
51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships?
A.They performed marvellously on the sea.
A.Theyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.
B.They could all break the ice in their way.
B.Theycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.
C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.
C.Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.
D.They were models of modern engineering.
D.Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.
52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?
52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships?
A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.
A.Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.
B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.
B.Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.
C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.
C.Theirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.
D.The long voyages they were able to undertake.
D.Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.
53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?
53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships?
A.It was a mere piece of decoration.
A.Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.
B.It was the work of a famous artist.
B.Itwastheworkofafamousartist.
C.It was designed to let out extra smoke.
C.Itwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.
D.It was easily identifiable from afar.
D.Itwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.
54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?
54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannic?
A.Their unscientific designs.
A.Theirunscientificdesigns.
B.Their captains' misjudgment.
B.Theircaptains'misjudgment.
C. The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.
C.Theassumptionthattheywerebuiltwiththelatesttechnology.
D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.
D.Thebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.
55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?
55.WhathappenedtotheshipOlympicintheend?
A.She was used to carry troops.
A.Shewasusedtocarrytroops.
B.She was sunk in World War I.
B.ShewassunkinWorldWarI.
C.She was converted into a hospital ship.
C.Shewasconvertedintoahospitalship.
D.She was retired after her naval service.
D.Shewasretiredafterhernavalservice.
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
into English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
公公交交车车曾曾是是中中国国人人出出行行的的主主要要交交通通工工具具。。近近年年来来，，由由于于私私家家车车数数量量不不断断增增多多，，城城市市的的交交通通
问问题题越越来来越越严严重重。。许许多多城城市市为为了了鼓鼓励励更更多多人人乘乘坐坐公公交交车车出出行行，，一一直直在在努努力力改改善善公公交交车车的的服服务务
质质量量。。车车辆辆的的设设施施不不断断更更新新，，车车速速也也有有了了显显著著提提高高。。然然而而，，公公交交车车的的票票价价却却依依然然相相当当低低廉廉。。
现现在在，，在在大大多多数数城城市市，，许许多多当当地地老老年年市市民民都都可可以以免免费费乘乘坐坐公公交交车车。。
9
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年年6月
6
月大大学学英英语语四四级级真真题题（（第第3
3
套套）
)
Part I Writing
Part I Writing
（(3
3
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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance
of speaking ability and how to develop it You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 wo
ofspeakingability andhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wo
rds
rds.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Part I
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说说明明∶：由由于于22001188年年6月6四月级四考级试考全试国全共国考共了考两了套两套听听力力，,本本套套真真题题听听力力与与前前两两套套内内容容相相同同。,只只是是选选项项顺顺序序不不同同，,
因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part II
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
SectionA
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identifed by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cenre.You may not use any of the words
letterforeachitem onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewords
in the bank more than once.
inthebankmorethanonce.
-
NNeoeno（n霓(霓虹虹）i)si sttoo HHonogn gKoKnogn gasa srerde dpphohnoen ebobootohtsh saarree ttoo LLoonnddoonn aanndd ffoogg iiss totoS SaannF Frarnacnicsicsoc.oW.Whheenn
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thousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark, 27 bymore practical,butless romantic,LEDs
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Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs
Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs
have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy_28, but still carry great cost."To me,neon represents
havebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy 28 ,butstillcarrygreatcost."Tome,neonrepresents
memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's
memories ofthe past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's
famous signs."Looking at the signs nowI get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness."
famoussigns."LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness."
Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29_ trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30
Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30
shapes and leters.They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31. Neon makes orange, while other
shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other
gases make yellow or blue.It takes many hours to craft a single sign.
gasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.
Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs;22 of them appear in the series that
BlancespentaweekinHongKongand 32 morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthat
capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33that makes it easy to admire their colors and
capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and
craftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon," says Blance. The signs do
craftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon," says Blance. The signs do
nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.
nothingmorethan 35 arestaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.
1A) alternative B)approach C) cast D)challenging
A) alternative B)approach C)cast D)challenging
E)decorative F)fcient G)electrified H)identify
E) decorative F)efficient G)electrified H)identify
I) photographed J) professionals K) quality L)replaced
I) photographed J)professionals K)quality L)replaced
M) stimulate N)symbolizes O) volunteers
M)stimulate N)symbolizes O)volunteers
Section B
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatement
contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is
contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic Divide
NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudents—BaringanEthnicDivide
A)
A
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parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were
parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were
overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous
overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous
school year. 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40
school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40
were hospitalized.And on a survey administered by the distrit, students wrote things like,"I hate going to
were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to
school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing:that a grade,a percentage or
school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or
even a point is to be valued over anything else."
evenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse."
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discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At
discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At
follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that
follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that
respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone. The
respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone. The
alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto,California, where outsize
alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize
stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.
stressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.
CC)B)utB iuntsitnesatde aodf obfribnrgiinnggi nfgamfialmieisli etsogteotgheetrh,e rA,dAerdheorlhdo'lsd 'lseltetteter rrreevveeaaleledd aa ddivivididee iinn tthhee ddiissttrriicctt,,w whhiicchh hhaass
9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like
9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like
Catherine Foley,a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school,
CatherineFoley,aformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter'smiddleschool,
who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning."My son was in
who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. "My son was in
fourth grade and told me, 'T'm not going to amount to anything becauseI have nothing to put on my resume,"
fourthgradeandtoldme,'I'm notgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhave nothingtoputonmyresume,'"
she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals
she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands ofAsian-American professionals
who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumbing
whohave moved tothe district inthe pastdecade,who saidAderhold's reforms wouldamountto a "dumbing
down" of his children's education."What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will
down" of his children's education. "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will
not prepare our children for the future," Jia said.
notprepareourchildrenforthefuture,"Jiasaid.
乙
2D)About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and
D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and
Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and
Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and
engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools.From the last three graduating classes,16 seniors were
engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were
admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with
admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with
perfect SAT scores.
perfectSATscores.
E)ET)heT hdeisdtirsitrcitc thhaass bbeeccoomem einicnrceraesaisningglyly ppooppulualarr wwitithh iimmmmigirgarnatn tffaammililiieess ffrroomm CChhiinnaa,, IInnddiiaa aanndd KKoorreeaa..
This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007.Many of them
Thisyear,65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-American,comparedwith44percentin2007.Manyofthem
are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district.
are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district.
Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They
Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They
have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth
have beenhuge supporters ofthe district's advancedmathematics program, which oncebeganin thefourth
grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating
grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating
students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.
studentsareAsian-American,isoneofAderhold'sreforms.
F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take
F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take
summer classes off campus for high school credit,allowing them to maximize the number of honors and
summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and
Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year.With
AdvancedPlacementclassestheycantake,anotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.With
many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception
many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception
among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.
amongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.
G)Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily
G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily
over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more
over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more
obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high
obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high
school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.
schoolmidtermsandfinals,andaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.
H) Jennifer Lee,professor of sociology at the University of California,Irvine, and an author of the Asian
H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of theAsian
American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents
American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generationAsian-American parents
and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not
and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not
always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the
always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the
mimddidlde leclcalsass.s".T"hTehy edyond'otn 'htahvaev ethteh esasmaem cehcahncaensc etso togegte tthtehierir cchhiillddrreenn iinntteerrnnsshhiippss（(实实习习职职位位）)oorr jjoobbss aatt lalwaw
firms," Lee said."So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in
firms," Lee said. "So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in
academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later."
academicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater."
) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as
I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as
schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West
schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West
Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the
Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the
district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs.In a recent
district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent
aratrt aassssiiggnnmmenetnsts，,aa mmiiddddllee sscchhooooll ssttuuddeenntt ddeeppiicctteedd（(描描绘绘)）aanno ovveerrbbuurrddeenneedd cchhiilldd wwhhoo wwaass bbeeiinngg ssccoollddeedd ffoorr
earning an A,rather than an A+,on a math exam.In the image,the mother scolds the student with the
earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the
引
3words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two
words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two
pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.
piecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.
JJ))ThTeh seusruvrevye ycocmommismsiisosnieodn ebdy btyhet hdeisdtisrtircictt ffoouunndd tthhaatt 6688 ppeerrcceenntt ooffh higihghs cshcohooollh ohnoonrora nadndA Addvvaanncceedd
Placement students reported feeling stressed about school "always or most of the time." "We need to bring
Placement students reported feeling stressed about school"always or most of the time." "Weneed to bring
back some balance,"Aderhold said. "You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something."
backsomebalance,"Aderholdsaid."Youdon'twanttowaituntilit'stoolatetodosomething."
K
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)N
)
otN oaltla lplupbluibcli copoipniinoino nhahsa sfaflallleenn aalloonngg rraacciiaall lliniense.s.K aKraernenS Suuee,,t hteheC Chhiniensees-eA-Ammeerriiccaann mmootthheerr ooff aa
fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue,
fifth-graderandaneighth-grader,believesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.Sue,
who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back."It's become an
who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. "It's become an
arms race, an educational arms race," she said."We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The
arms race, an educational arms race," she said. "We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The
question is, at what cost?"
questionis,atwhatcost?"
36.Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.
36.Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.
37.White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.
37.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold'sappeal.
38.Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.
38.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents'writings.
39.Aderhold's reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students most.
39.Aderhold'sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.
40.Aderhold appealed for parents'support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of
40.Aderholdappealedforparents'supportinpromotinganall-rounddevelopmentofchildren,insteadof
focusing only on their academic performance.
focusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.
41.One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.
41.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.
42.Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed
42.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceed
in the future.
inthefuture.
43.Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the
43.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthe
public schools there.
publicschoolsthere.
44.A number of students in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-induced mental health
44.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold'sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealth
problems.
problems.
45.The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years.
45.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.
Section C
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished
ststaatteemmenetnsts.. FFoorr eeaacchh ooff tthheemm tthheerree aarree ffoouurr cchhooiicceess mmaarrkkeedd AA)),,BB)),, CC)) aanndd DD)).. YYoouu sshhoouulldd ddeecciiddee oonn tthhee
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage One
PassageOne
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
4
4For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to
Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainitto
someone else."While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing
someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing
this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruiful way to learn, and
this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and
designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
designinginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the
material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than
material, recallit more accurately andapplyitmore effectively.Studentteachersscore higherontests than
pupils whore learning only for their own sake. But how can children,still learning themselves, teach others?
pupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?
One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more
One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more
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they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to
they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to
academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students,
academic subjects.They engage college undergraduates to teach computerscience to high schoolstudents,
who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character
Butthemostcutting-edge toolunderdevelopmentis the "teachableagent"—acomputerized character
who learns, tries,makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have
who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have
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science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain
sciencebyhundreds ofmiddle schoolstudents. Studentteachersare motivated to help Betty mastercertain
materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding.
materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding.
And as they explain the information to it,they identify problems in their own thinking.
Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions
compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve
compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve
problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
problemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.
Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel
Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel
upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and
upsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideand
satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.
satisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.
46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?
46.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?
AA) )SeSneencae'csa 'sthtihnikniknign gisi sstsitillll aapppplliiccaabbllee ttooddaayy..
B)B )BeBtettetre rlleeaarrnneerrss wwililll bbeeccoomme ebbetettteerr tteeaacchheerrss..
C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.
C)Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.
D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
D)Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.
47.What do we learn about Betty's Brain?
47.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty'sBrain?
A)A I)tI tiiss aa cchhaarraacctteerr iinn aap pooppuullaarr aanniimmaattiioonn..
B)B )ItI tiiss aa tetaeacchhiinngg totooollu nudndeerrd edevveeloloppmmeenntt..
”
C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.
C)Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.
5D)It is a tutor for computer science students.
D)Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.
48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?
48.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?
AA) )ItIt mmaakekse stthheemm awaawrea reofo fwhwaht atthtehye yaraer essttrroonngg aatt..
B)BI)t Itmomtiovtiavtaetse sththeem mtot ottrryy nnoovveell wwaayys sooff tteeaacchhiinngg..
C)C )ItI thheellppss tthheemm leleaarrnn tthheeiirr aaccaaddeemmici csusubjbejcetcst sbbeetttteerr..
D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.
D)Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.
49.What do students do to teach their teachable agents?
49.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?
AA)T)hTeyh emyomtiovtaitvea tethtehme mtot oththiinnkk iinnddeeppeennddeentnltlyy..
B)BT)hTeyh eayska stkhtehme mto todedseisging nththeeiirr oowwnn qquueessttiioonnss..
C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback.
C)Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.
D) They use various ways to explain the materials.
D)Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.
50.What is the key factor that eases student tutors'learning?
50.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors'learning?
AA) )ThTehier irsesnesnes eofo frreesspponosnisbiibliilittyy..
B)B )TThehieri reemmotoitioonnaall iinnvvoollvveemmeenntt..
C)C )ThTeh elelaeranrinning gssttrraatteeggyy aaccqquuiirreedd..
D) The teaching experience gained.
D)Theteachingexperiencegained.
Passage Two
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
A
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entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than
enteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthan
their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they
their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they
look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing
lookahead,theyseeroadblocks totheirsuccess.Theybelieve thatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoing
the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume
the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them.And they assume
that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
thatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30
years ago,most believe more change is needed.Among Millennial women,75say this country needs to
years ago, most believe more change is needed.Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to
continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57of Millennial
continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial
men.Even so, relatively few young women(15?say they have been discriminated against at work
men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work
because of their gender.
becauseoftheirgender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their
As Millennial women come ofage they share many ofthe same views andvalues aboutwork as their
male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility,and they place relatively little
male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little
6
6importance on high pay.At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim
importanceonhigh pay.Atthesame time,however,youngworkingwomen arelesslikelythanmentoaim
at top management jobs:34say they're not interested in becoming a bossor top manager; only 24of
at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of
young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s
youngmen saythesame.Thegendergap onthis questionis evenwideramongworking adultsintheir30s
and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
and40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810
MiMllilelnenninailasls ((aaggeess 1188--3322)),, ccoonndduucctteedd OOctc.t.7-72-72,72,02130.1T3h.eT shuervseuyr vfeiyndfsin dthsatth,a ti,ni nspsiptiete ooff tthhee ddrraammaattiicc ggaaiinnss
women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women
women havemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipation inrecentdecades,youngwomen
viveieww ththisis aass aa mmaann''ss wwoorrlldd——jjuusstt aassm miiddddllee--aaggeedd aanndd ooldldeerrw woommeenn ddoo..
51.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?
51.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?
A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.
A)Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.
B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.
B)TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.
C)C )ThTehy eayrea regegneernaelrlayl lyquqiuteit eopotpitmiimstisitci caabobuotu tththeierir ffuuttuurree..
D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.
D)Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.
52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?
52.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?
AA) )ThTehye yaraer ethteh etatarrggeett ooff ddiissccrriimmiinnaattiioonn..
B)B )ThTehye fyifnidn diti tssaattiissffaaccttoorryy oonn tthhee wwhhoollee..
C) They think it needs further improving.
C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.
DD) )TThehye yfifnind dtthheeiirr ccoommplpalaiinnttss iiggnnoorreedd..
53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?
53.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?
AA) )AA sseennssee ooff aaccccoommpplliisshhmmeenntt..
B) Job stability and flexibility.
B)Jobstabilityandflexibility.
C)C )RReweawradrsd saanndd pprroommotoitioonnss..
D)D )JJooyy ddeerriivveedd ffrroomm wwoorrkk..
54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?
54.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?
A) The welfare of their children.
A)Thewelfareoftheirchildren.
B) The narrowing of the gender gap.
B)Thenarrowingofthegendergap.
C)C )ThTeh feuflufliflilllmmenetn tofo ftthheeirir ddrreeaamms sinin lliiffee..
D)The balance between work and family.
D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.
55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?
55.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?
AA)T)hTeyh esytisltill lvviieeww tthhiiss wwoorrlldd aass oonnee ddoommiinnaatteedd bbyy mmaalleess..
力
7BB) )TThehye yacaccocuonut nftofro rhahlafl ftthhee wwoorkrkfoforcrce eiinn tthhee jjoobb mmaarrkkeett..
CC) )TThehye ysesee eththe ewworolrdl ddidfifffeerreennttllyy ffrroomm oollddeerr ggeenneerraattiioonnss..
DD) )ThTehye ydod obebtetettre riinn wworokr ktthhaann tthheeiirr mmaallee ccoouunntteerrppaarrttss..
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
intoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.
近近年年来来，，中中国国有有越越来来越越多多的的城城市市开开始始建建设设地地铁铁。。发发展展地地铁铁有有助助于于减减少少城城市市的的交交通通拥拥堵堵和和空空气气污污
染染。。 地地铁铁具具有有安安全全、、快快捷捷和和舒舒适适的的优优点点。。越越来来越越多多的的人人选选择择地地铁铁作作为为每每天天上上班班或或上上学学的的主主要要交交通通工工
具具。。如如今今，，在在中中国国乘乘坐坐地地铁铁正正变变得得越越来来越越方方便便。。在在有有些些城城市市里里，，乘乘客客只只需需用用卡卡或或手手机机就就可可以以乘乘坐坐地地
铁铁。。许许多多当当地地老老年年市市民民还还可可以以免免费费乘乘坐坐地地铁铁。。
8
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年年12
1
月
2
月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（（第第1
1
套套））
PartI Writing
(30minutes)
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Part II
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Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
bebsets ta annsswwere rf frroomm t thhee ffoouurr cchhooiicceess m maarrkkeedd AA)),, BB)), ,C C) )aanndd DD)).. T Thheenn mmaarrkk tthhee c ocrorrersepsopnodnidnign gl eltteetrt oenr Aonn Asnwsweerr SShheeeett 11 wwiitthh
a single line through the centre.
a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
11..A A)L)a Lnda nad sap sapcaec ev evheihcilcele oonn tthhee mmoooonn iinn 22001199..
B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.
B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.
C)C )S Sete t uupp aa mmoobbiillee pphhoonnee nneettwwoorrkk oonn tthhee m moooonn..
D)DG)a tGhaetrh edra tdaa taf rformo mt hteh em mooono wni wthi tha at tiinnyy ddeevviiccee..
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C)C )I tI t iiss iinneexxppeennssiivvee.. D)D I) tI ti iss ssoopphhiissttiiccaatteedd..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.3A. )AIt) Ilt alsatsetedd m moroer et thhaann s siixx hhoouurrss..
B)B )N oN oin ijnujruireiess wwereer ey yeett rreeppoorrtteedd..
C)C )N oNboobdyo dwya sw aisn itnh teh eb ubiulidlidning gw whehne ni ti t bbrrookkee oouutt..
D)DI)t Iht ahda dbu brunernd efdo rfo 4r 54 5mi mnuitneust ebsy btyh eth tei tmiem fei frierfeifgighhteterrss aarrrriivveedd..
4.4A. )ARe) cRrueictru aitn da ntdr atriani nm omreo rfei frierefifigghhtteerrss..
B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
C)CT)u rTnu rtnh teh es hsohpoppipnign gm amlall li innttoo aann aammuusseemmenetn t ppaarrkk..
D)D )F iFnidn dm omnoeyn etyo t or erneonvoavtaet et hthee llooccaall nneeiigghhbboorrhhoooodd..
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. 5 A . ) A ) S h S r h i r n i k n i k n in g g p p o o ta ta t t o o f fa a r r m mi in ng g . . B)B )H eHaevayv yre rleiliaannccee oonn iimmppoorrtt..
C)C )W Widiedsepsrperaeda dp lpalnatn t ddiisseeaassee.. D)D I) nIsnusfuffifcicieiennt t ppoottaattoo ssuuppppllyy..
6.6 .A A) )I tI t iinntteenndds st too k keeepe pi tists ttrraaddiittiioonnaall ddiieett..
B)BI)t Itw awnatnst st oto eexxppaannd di ittss oowwnn ffaarrmmiinngg..
C)C I)t I ti iss aaffrraaiidd ooff tthhee sspprreeaadd ooff ddiisseeaassee..
D)D )I tI t iiss wwoorrrriieedd aabboouutt uunnffaaiirr ccoommppeettiittiioonn..
77..A A) )G Glolobbaall wwaarrmmiinngg.. B)B )E vEevre-rr-irsisiinngg pprriicceess..
C)C )G Govoevrenrmnemnte nrt ergeuglualattiioonn.. D)D )D iDmiimniinsihsihningg iinnvveessttmmeenntt..
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
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Questions 8to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.8A. )A )I nInffoorrmmataitivvee.. B) B ) I n In s s p p i i r r i in ng g . .
C)Dull. D) Shallow.
C) Dull. D) Shallow.
9.9A. )A )S hSeh et ytyppeess oonn aa kkeeyybbooaarrdd.. B)B )S hSeh ed doeose sr reeccoorrddiinngg..
D She takes notes.
C)C )S hSeh et atakkeess pphhoottooss.. D) She takes notes.
1 1 0 0 .A . ) A I ) t It k e k e e p e s p s h h e e r r m m in in d d a a c c t t i iv v e e . . B)B )I Itt mmaakkeess hheerr ssttaayy aawwaakkee..
C)C I) tI te ennaablbeles sh heerr ttoo tthhiinnkk hhaarrdd.. D)D I)t I th heleplps sh here rk kiillll ttiimmee..
1111.A. )A )I tI t eennaabbleless hheerr ttoo iimmpprroovvee hheerr pprroonnuunncciiaattiioonn..
B)BI)t Ith ehleplps sh heerr bbeetttteerr rermemeemmbbeerr wwhhaatt sshhee lleeaarmnss..
C)It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
D)DI)t Ipt rporvoevs etso t ob eb ef afra rm moroer ee feffefcetcitivvee tthhaann wwrirtitiinngg..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1122.. AA)) TToo ssppeenndd hheerr h hoonneeyymmoooonn..
B) To try authentic Indian food.
B) To try authentic Indian food.
C)C )T oT ot atakke ep phhotootos so off tthhee TTaajj MMaahhaall..
D)DT)o Ttor atcrea cteh eth eor oirgiigni no fo fa a lloovvee ssttoorryy..
113.3A. )A )I nIn m memeomryo ryof o fa ap prriinncceessss..
BB) )I Inn hhoonnoro ro off aa ggrreeaatt eemmppeerroorr..
C)CT)o T moa mrka rtkh eth dee daetaht ho fo fa ann eemmpepreorro ro off tthhee 11660000ss..
D)DTo) Tcoel ceebrleabtera tteh et hbei rbtirht ho fo fa ap pririnncceessss'’ss 1144tthh cchhiilldd..
1144.A. )AI)t Itl olookosk so oldldeerr tthhaann eexxppeecctteedd..
B)B )I tIt iiss bbuuiilltt o of fw woooodd aanndd bbrriicckkss..
C)It stores lots of priceless antiques.
C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.
D)DI)t Iht ahsa sw awlallsl sd deeccooraratetedd wwitithh jjeewweellss..
151.5A. )A T) hTehire irs tsrtreeeettss aarree nnaarrrrooww..
B)B )T Thehye ya arree mmoossttllyy ccrroowwddeedd..
C)CE)a Echa cohn eo nhea sh aas au nuinqiuqeu ec hcahraarcatceterr..
D)D L) iLfief ec acna nb be et teeddiioouuss iinn ssoommee ppllaacceess..
Section C
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
chcohiociecse sm marakrekde dA A),) , BB),), CC)),, DD)).. TThheenn mmaarrkk tthhee ccoorrrersepsoponnddiningg l eltetetrt eorn oAnn Asnwsweerr
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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1166.A. )AT)h eTyh ehyel hpe lspp rseparde atdh eth el altaetesstt tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
B)B )T hTehy egyr egartelayt lyen ernicrihc hp epoepolep'lse ’sl eliesisuurer el liiffee..
C)C )T hTehye ypr porvoivdeid ere rseisdiednetnst sw witithh tthhee rreessoouurrcceess nneeeeddeedd..
D)D )T hTehy eayl alollwo wfr feree ea caccecsess st oto d diiggiittaall bbooookkss aanndd vviiddeeooss..
1177..A A)B)y B hye lhpeilpnign gt htheme mf ifnindd jjoobbss..
B)BB)y Biyns ipnisrpiinrgin tgh tehieri rc rcereataitivviittyy..
C)C )B yB yke keepeipngin tgh tehme mof fo ftf hteh es sttrreeeettss..
D)DB)y Bpyr opvriodviindgi nag pal palcaec eo fo fr reellaaxxaattiioonn..
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BB)T)h eTyh euyse uds eldib lriabrriaersie sl elsess so offtteenn tthhaann tteeeennaaggeerrss..
C)CTh) eTyh teeyn dteend dteod vtois viits ilt ilbibrarrairieess rreegguullaarrllyy..D)D )T Thehieri r nnuummbebre ri innccrreeaasseedd mmoodedsetsltlyy..
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
119.9A. )AIt) Iits i st hthe ec clleevvereerests t ccaatt iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd..
B)B I)t I ti iss tthhee llaarrggeesstt ccaatt iinn AAffrriiccaa..
C)C )I tI t iiss aann uunnuussuuaall ccrroossss bbrreeeedd..
D)D I) tI ti iss aa llaarrggee--ssiizzeedd wwiilldd ccaatt..
20.A) They are as loyal as dogs.
20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.
B) They have unusually long tails.
B) They have unusually long tails.
C)C )T hTehye yar aer ef ofnodn do fo fs lsleeeeppiningg i inn ccaabbiinneettss..
D)DT)h Teyh ekyn okwn ohwo wh otwo tpol epalesaes et htheeiirr oowwnneerrss..
2211.A. )AT)h Teyh esyh askhea kteh tehieri rf frroonntt ppaawwss..
B)B )T hTehye yt eteaachc ht thheemm t too ddiivvee..
C)C )T Thehye ys shhoowwere rw witithh tthheemm..
D)D )T Thehye ys hsohuotu t aatt tthheemm..
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
222.2A. )A )A Anxnixoiuosu sa anndd d deepprreesssseedd..
B)B )C Conotnetnetnetde da annd dr reelliieevveedd..
C)C )E Excxictietedd bbuutt ssoommeewwhhaatt ssaadd..
DD) )P rPoruodu db ubtu ta a b biitt nneerrvvoouuss..
2233.A. )AI)t Iti sis bbeeccoomminign gp paraerenntsts'’b biiggggeesstt ccoonncceerrnn..
B)BI)t Iit si sg gaianinining gi innccrreeaasisningg p pubulbilcic a atttteennttiioonn..
C)CIt) Iit si sd depeepnednsd so no nt htehieri r ppaarreenntsts ffoorr ssuucccceessss..
DD)I)t Its tsatarrttss tthhee mmoommenetn tt thheeyy aarree bboorrnn..
242.4A. )A S) eSte ta a g gooood de exxamapmlpe lef ofro rt thheemm t too ffoollllooww..
B)BR)e Rade abdo bookos kas nadn dm amgaagzaizniense st too tthheemm..
C)CH)e lHpe ltph ethme mto tol eleaarrnn bbyy tthheemmsseellvveess..
DD)C)h Coohsoeo steh et hrei rgihgth ts scchhooolo l ffoorr tthheemm..
252.5A. )A T) hTehire iri nintteelllliiggeennccee..
B)B )T Thehieri r hhoomme el iliffee..
C)CT)h eT heef feofrfot rtt htheeyy p puut t iinn lleeaarmniinngg..
D)DT)h eT hqeu aqluiatlyi tyof o ft htheierir sscchhooooll..
Part Ⅲ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n ( 4 ( 0 4 0 m m i i n n u u t t e es s ) )
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.MMillililoionsn sd dieie e eaarrllyy ffrroomm a aiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn eeaacchh yyeeaarr.. AAiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn ccoossttss ththee g glolobbaall e ceoconnoommyy mmoroer et hthana n$ 5$ 5t rtriilllliioonn aannnnuuaallllyy iinn
welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.
welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.
TTheh ef ifigguureres s iinncclluuddee aa nnuummbebre ro fo fc coostssts 2277 wwitithh aaiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn.. LLoosstt iinnccoommee aalloonnee aammouonutns tst ot o$ $22252 5b iblillilioonn aa yyeeaarr..
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and
cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have
cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have
grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an"urgent call to action."One of the risk
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk
factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,"he said.
factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1?
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of
GDP.Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels
GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels
of outdoor air pollution.
of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.as a result of related
But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related
iillllnneesssseess.. InIn m maannyy EEuurrooppeeaann ccoouuntnrtriieess，, w whheerree ddieiesesle(l柴（油柴)油 3）5 3h5a vhaev eb ebceocmomee mmoorree ccoommmmono ni ni nr erceecnetn ty yeaerasrs，, ththaat tn unmumbbeerr
reaches tens of thousands.
reaches tens of thousands.
A) ability K) regularly
A) ability K) regularly
B)associated L) relates
B) associated L) relates
C) consciously M) sources
C) consciously M) sources
D) D ) c c o o n n s s t ta a n n t t N N) ) uunnddeerrmmiinnee
E) E ) c c o o n n t t r ro o l l O )O )v veehhiicclleess
F) damage
F) damage
G) described
G) described
H) equals
H) equals
I exctusively
I) exclusively
J)innovated
J) innovated
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
F
F
oo
o
d
o
-
d
a
-
s
a
-
s-
M
M
ed
e
i
d
c
i
i
c
n
in
e
e
M
M
ov
o
e
v
m
e
e
m
nt
e n
I
t
s
I s
W
W
it
i
n
tn
es
es
s
s
i
i
n
n
g
g
P
P
r
ro
og
g
r
re
e
s
s
s
s
[[AA] ]S eSveevrearla lt tiimmese sa a mmonotnh,th ,y oyuo uc acna nfi fnidn da ad odcotcotro ri ni nt hthee aaiisslleess ooff RRaallpphh'’ss mmaarrkkeett iinn HHuunntitinnggttoonn BBeaecahc,h ,C Calailfifoorrnniiaa,,
wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food.On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the
wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the
cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.
cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.
"Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?"he asks her."The frozen oranges and apples are a little
“Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little
chcehaepaepr,e r,a nadn df rfuriutist sa arree rreeaallllyy ggoooodd f foorr tthhee bbrraaiinn.. JJuuiicceess aarree qquuiicckk aanndd eeaassyy ttoo pprreeppaarree,, yyoouu ccaann t taakkee t thhee ffrroozzeenn ffrruuiitt oouutt tthhee
night before and have it ready the next morning.""
night before and have it ready the next morning.”
[B[B] ]S cSoctott t iiss ddeelliigghhtteedd ttoo ggeet tf ofoodod a davdviciec ef rformom a ap hphyyssiciicaina nw whhoo iis sp rporgograrmam ddiirreecctotor ro fo fth teh nee naerbaryb My Maaryry a nandd D Diicckk AAlllleenn
Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center's 'Shop with Your Doc'program sends doctors to
Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to
the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around
the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around
with questions.
with questions.
【[CC】] NNaaddeeaauu nnoottiicceess tthhee pprree--mmaaddee mmaaccaarroonni（i (通通心心粉粉）)--aanndd--cchheeeessee bbooxxeess iinn SSccootttt’'ss sshhooppppiinngg ccaarrtt aanndd ssuuggggeessttss sshhee
switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese."So I'd have to make it?"she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of
switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of
how long that might take,just to have her kids reject it. "I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won't eat it."
how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[[DD] ]N aNdaedaeua usa yssa yssu gsaurg aarn da npdr opcreoscseesds efdo ofdoso dasr ea rbei gb icgo nctornitbruibtourtosr st ot ot hteh er irsisiinngg ddiiaabbeetteess rraatteess aammoonngg cchhiillddrreenn.. “"IInn
America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,"Nadeau tells her."And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based
America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based
ffooodo.d .I I tthhiinnkk wwee s shhouoludl dt rtryy ttoo rreevveerrssee tthhaatt..”" SSccootttt aaggrreeeess ttoo ttrryy mmoorree ffrruuiitt jujuiciecse sf ofro rth teh ke idkisd asn adn dto t mo amkakee r eraela lm maaccaarroonnii aanndd
chceheesees.e .S cSocroer eo noen peo pinoti nft ofro rt hthe ed docotcotro,r , zzeerroo ffoorr ddiiaabbeetteess..
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been
around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment.
around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment,
raratthheerr tthhaann rreellyyiinngg ssoolleellyy oonn mmeeddiiccaattiioonnss （(药药物物)）. .BByy pprreessccrribibinigng n nuutrtirtiiotnioanl aclh acnhganegse os r olra ulnacuhnicnhgi npgr opgroragmrasm ss uscuhc ha sa s‘'SShhoopp
with your Doc', they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat."There's no question
with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question
people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure,even preventing cancer by food
people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food
choices,"Nadeau says.
choices,” Nadeau says.
[[FF]]I nI nt hthe eb bigig ppiiccttuurree,, ssaayyss DDrr.. RRiicchhaarrdd AAffaabbllee,, CCEEOO aanndd pprreessiiddeenntt ooff SSTT..J Joosesepph hH oHaoga gHe Haletahl,th m, emdiecdailc ail nisntsittituuttiioonnss
acarcorosss s ththee ssttaattee aarree ssttaarrttiningg toto mmaakkee aa pphhiilloossoopphhiiccaall sswwiittcchh ttoo bbeeccoomminign ga ah ehaelatlht ho rogragnainziaztaitoionn, , nnoot t jjuusstt aa hheeaalltthh ccaarree
organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General
organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General
Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.
Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.
The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition,along with intensive training in how to
The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to
cocooko ki ti.t." W“eW ree arelalyll yw awnatn tt ot ol ilinnkk ffoooodd aanndd m medeidciicnien,e , aanndd n noto t jjuusstt ggiivvee aawwaayy ffoooodd,,"”s asyasy sD Dr.r . RRitiata NNgugyueyne,n ,t hthe eh hosopsiptitaall'’ss
medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. "We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role
medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role
food plays in their lives."
food plays in their lives.”
[[GG] ]I nIn S Souotuhtehrenr nC aClaifliofronrinai,a , LLomoam Lai nLdian dUan iUvenrisvietrys itSyc hSocohl ooofl oMef dMiceidneic iinse oifsf eorfifenrgi nsgp escpieacliiazleidz etdr atrianiinnign gf ofro ri titss rreessiiddeenntt
physicians in Lifestyle Medicine— that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly
physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly
show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that
show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that
every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data
every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data
and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high
and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high
rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart
rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart
disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and
disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and
vegetables.
vegetables.
【[HH】] "“IItt’'ss aa ddiifffefreernetn tp apraardaidgimgm(（范范式式) ）of ohfo who wt ot otr etarte adti sediasseea,”s es，ay"ss aDysr. DBr.reBnrednad aR eRae,a ，wwhhoo hheellppss rurunn ththee fafmamiilyly aanndd
preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is
preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is
designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients'nutritional habits. The medical
designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical
center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about
center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about
which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
[[]I ]M Manayn ype poepolpe led odno'nt’ tk knnowo wh ohwo wto toc ocooko,k ,R eRae as asyasy,sa, nadn dt htheye yo onnlyly kknnooww h ohwo wto t oh ehaeta t tthhiinnggss uupp.. TThhaatt m meeaannss ddeeppeennddiinngg
on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare
on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare
them, she says, can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that
them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that
patient's family."What people eat can be medicine or poison,"Rea says."As a physician, nutrition is one of the most
patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most
powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.
powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”
【[JJ]】 S tSutduideise sh ahvaev ee xexpplolorreedd eevviiddeennccee tthhaatt ddieietatrayr yc hcahannggeess ccaann ssllooww iinnffllaammmmataitoionn（(炎炎症症）),， foforr e xexaammppllee，, o ro rm maakkee tthhee bbooddyy
inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for
inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for
people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
[[KK]"]A “sA wsh awth haat phpaepnpede nweidt hw titohb atoccboa,ctchoi,s t hwiisl wl irlel qrueiqruei rae ac uclutluturaral l sshhiifftt,, b buut tt htahta cta nca hna phappepne,n”, s"a ysasy Ns gNugyueyenn. .“"IInn ththee s asmamee
way physicians used to smoke,and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can
way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can
have a bigger voice in it."
have a bigger voice in it.”
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
39.A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
40.Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
42.Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
43.Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
45.Americans'high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds
of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New
of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New
research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous dilling of wells
research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells
cocuoludl do nolny lyr eraecahc hde dptehpst hosf o1f， 10,0000 0f efeete，t, bbuutt dduuee ttoo n neeww ppuummpipnign gp rparcatcitciecse，s, wwaatteerr ddeeeeppeerr tthhaann tthhiiss ccaann nnooww b be ee extxrtraacctetedd（ (抽抽取取）)..
TTheh et etaema mat a tS tSatnafnofrodr di ninvevsetsitgigaatteedd tthhee aaqquuiiffeerrss（(地地下下蓄蓄水水层层）)bbeellooww tthhiiss ddeepptthh aanndd ffoouunndd tthhaatt rreesseerrvveess mmaayy bbee ttrriipplele w whhaatt wwaass
previously thought.
previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it
become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which
become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which
means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this
means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this
deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the
deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the
weight of the earth above.
weight of the earth above.
EEvevne nth tohuoguh gphu mppuimngp finrogm frtohmes et hdeespet hdse pisth se xipse nesxipveen，s iviet , iist isst sitlilll cchheeaappere rt thhaann d deseaslailninaatitinngg（(脱脱盐盐）)tthhee oocceeaann wwaatteerr iinn tthhee
largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.
largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.
Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater,and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to
Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to
their severe water shortage.
their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This
mmeaenasn st htahta ts soomem ewe wllesl lsm amy aeyv eenv ennee nde teod uton duenrgdoe rdgeos adleisnaaltinioanti oanf taefrt eerx etxratrcatcitoino,n ,t thhuuss iinnccrreeaassiinngg tthhee ccoosstt.. RReesseeaarrcchh ffrroomm tthhee
exehxahuasutsitviev es tsutuddy yo of f ggrroouundnwdawtearte rf rformo mov oerv e9r5 90 5d0r idlrlililning gl ologgs s hhaass jjuusstt bbeeeenn ppuubblliisshheedd.. NNeeww e eststiimmataetess ooff tthhee wwaatteerr rreesseerrvveess
nonwo wgo g uop u tpo t o2 ,27,0700 0b iblillilioonn ccuubbiicc mmeteetersrs ooff ffrreesshhwwaatteerr..
46.How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
AA) )B By yb ubiulidldiinngg mmoroer er reesseerrvveess ooff ggrroouunnddwwaatteerr..
BB)B)y B dyr adwrianwgi nwga twera tefrr ofmro tmh et hdee dptehpst hosf o ft hthe ee eaarrtthh..
C)CB)y B dye vdeelvoeplionpgi nmgo mreo raed vaadnvcaendc eddr idlrlililningg d deevviicceess..
D)D )B yB yup ugpragdriandgi nigt sit sw wataetre rd disisttrriibbuuttiioonn ssyysstteemm..
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
AA)I)t I tw wasa sd edeemeemd evdi tvailta lt oto ssoollvviinngg tthhee wwaatteerr pprroobblleemm..B)B )I tIt wwaass nnoott ccoonnssiiddeerreedd wwoortrthh tthhee eexxppeennssee..
C)C )I tI t mmaya yn onto tp prorovivdide eq quaulailtityy ffrreesshhwwaatteerr..
D)DI)t Iit si sb boounudn dt ot og gaianin s suupppoprotr tf frroomm t hthe el looccaall ppeeooppllee..
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
AA)T)h Te hsei nskinikngin gof o fl alandn ds usurfrfaaccee.. CC)) TThhee ddaammagaeg et ot oa aqquiufifeerrss..
B)BT)h Te hhea rhma rmto toth teh ee ceocsoyssytsetemm. .D D)T)h Te hceh cahnagne goef o ft hthe ec clliimmaattee..
49.What does the author say about deep wells?
49. What does the author say about deep wells?
AA) )T hTehye yr urnu nw iwthitohuotu ta nayn yn eneede df ofro rr reeppaaiirrss..
B)BT)h eTyh eayre a reen teinrteirleyl yf rfereee f frroomm p pololluluttaannttss..
C)C )T hTehy eayr ae ret hteh eu lutlitimmataet es sooluluttiioonn ttoo ddrroouugghhttss..
D)D )T hTehye ypr porvoivdeid ea as tseteaaddy ys suuppplpyly o off ffrreesshhwwaatteerr..
50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
AA) )P Peoepolpel'es’ sh heeaalltthh mmaayy iimmpprorovev ew witihth c clleeaanneerr wwaatteerr..
B)B )P ePoepolpe'les’ sw awtaetre rb bililllss mmaayy bbee lloowweerreedd ccoonnssiiddeerraabbllyy..
C)C )T hTeh ec ocsots tm maya yg og ou pu pd udeu et ot od deseaslailinnaattiioonn..
D)D )T hTehye ym amy abye beex ehxauhsatuesdte sdo soonoenr eor ro rl alatteerr..
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence(AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can
program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than
program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than
human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid
human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid
hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to
hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to
avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to
a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot'took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was
designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she
designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she
received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor
received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor
racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing
to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The
to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The
unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said
people will be the winer, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and"just
people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just
better human beings."
better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?
51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?
AA)C)oCmopmutpeurtse rwsi wlli llp prerevvaialil oovveerr hhuummaann bbeeiinnggss..
BB)C)oCmopmutpeurtse rhs ahvaev eu numnamtcahtcehde dpo ptoetnetnitaiall..
C)CC)oCmpoumteprust earrs ea rmea mn'asn ’pso tpeontteinatlia lr irivvaallss..
DD)C)oCmopumtpeurste rcsa nc abne bceocmeo mhei ghhilgyh liyn tinetlelliliggeenntt..
52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
AA)T)hTehy eayr ea reca cpaapblaeb loef o pf rperdeidcitcitnign gp opsossisbilbel er riisskkss..
B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C)CT)hTehye yma mkea ksee nsesnibslibel ed deceicsisiioonnss wwhheenn ffaacciinngg mmoorraall ddiilleemmmmaass..
D)DT)hTeyh esya csraicfriifciec ee evvereyryththiinngg ttoo ssaavvee hhuummaan nl liivveess..
53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
AA)H)oHw otwo tmoa mkea kseu pseurp-eirn-tineltellilgigeennt t AAI I mmacahcihniense ss shhaarree hhuummana nf efeeelilinnggss..
B)BH)oHw otwo teon seunrseu rteh atth astu spuepr-eirn-itnetlelliliggeennt t AAI I mmacahcihniense sa catc te eththiiccaallllyy..
C)CH)oHwo two top rperveevnetn tA AI Im macahcihniense s ddooiinngg hhaarrmm ttoo hhuummaannss..
D)DH)oHw otwo toav aoviodi db ebiening go ovveerr--ddeeppeennddeennt t oonn AAII mmaacchhiinneess..
54.What do we learn about Microsoft's "chatbot"Taylor?
54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor?
AA)S)hSeh ec ocuoludl dn onto td diissttiinngguuiisshh ggoooodd ffrroomm bbaadd..
BB)S)hSeh ec ocuoludl dt utrunr nh heresrseellff ooffff wwhheenn nneecceessssaarryy..
C)CS)hSeh ewa ws anso nt omt amdea dteo toha hnadnled len onvoevl esl istiutuaattiioonnss..
DD)S)hSeh ew aws agso good oadt apt eprefrofromrimnign gr oruotuitnine et taasskkss..
55.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
AA) )I tIt wwililll bbee ffaarr ssuuppeerriioorr t ot oh uhmumaann bbeeiinnggss..
B)BI)t Itw iwlill l kkeeeepp iimmpprorovviningg a ass ttiimmee ggooeess bbyy..
C)C I) tI t wwililll pprroovvee ttoo bbee aann aasssseett tot oh uhummaann bbeeiinnggss..
D)D )I tI t wwililll bbee hheerree ttoo sstatyay w whhaatteevveerr ththee o ouutctcoommee..
Part NV
Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation ( 3 (3 0 0 m m i i n n u u t t e e s s ) )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他他们们现现在在经经常常智智能能手手机机上上看看新新闻闻和和文文章章，，而而不不买买传传统统报报刊刊。。大大量量移移动动应应用用程程序序的的开开发发使使人人们们能能用用手手机机读读小小说说和和其其他他
形形式式的的文文学学作作品品。。因因此此，，纸纸质质书书籍籍的的销销售售受受到到了了影影响响。。但但调调查查显显示示，，尽尽管管能能手手机机阅阅读读市市场场稳稳步步增增长长，，超超半半数数成成年年人人
仍仍喜喜欢欢读读纸纸质质书书。。_________________
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年年12
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月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（（第第2
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套套））
Part I Writing
Part I Writing ((3300mmininuutteess))
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II
Part II
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Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
bebsets t aannsswwere r ffrroomm tthhee ffoouurr cchhooiicceess m maarrkkeedd AA)),, BB)),, CC)) aanndd DD)).. T Thheenn m maarrkk ththee c ocrorrersepsopnodnidnign gl eltteetrt oenr Aonn Asnwsweerr SShheeeett 11 wwiitthh
a single line through the centre.
a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
11.A. )A )A Am amn awna sw pausl pluedll etdo tsoa fsaetfeyt ya fatfetre ra a bbuuiillddiinngg ccoollllaappssee..
B)BA) bAe abme aambo aubt otuetn t efne efete lt olongn gc oclolllaappsseedd ttoo tthhee ggrroouunndd..
C)C )A A r eressccuue ew worokrekre rg ogto tt trraappppeedd iinn tthhee bbaasseemmeenntt..
D)D )A Ad edseesretretde d1 0100-0y-eyaera-ro-lodl db ubiulidldiinngg c caauughgth tf fiirree..
2.2A. )A H)e H seu fsfuefrfeedre ad afa ftaatla li innjjuurryy iinn aann aacccciiddeenntt..
BB) )H He eo nocnec es esrevrevde di nin a a ffiirree ddeeppaarrttmmeenntt..
C) He was collecting building materials.
C) He was collecting building materials.
DD) )H He em omveodv eidn tinot oh ihsi sn neeiigghhbboro'rs’s oolldd hhoouussee..
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.3A. )A I) mIpmropvreo vteh eth mea mthast hssk islklilsl so of f hhiigghh sscchhooooll tteeaacchheerrss..
B)B )C hCahnagne gBer Bitriitsihs hp peoepolpel'es’s nneeggaattiivvee vviieeww ooff mmaatthhss..
C)C )H eHlepl pB rBirtiitsishh ppeeoopplele uunndderesrsttaanndd tthheeiirr ppaayycchheecckkss..
DD) )L Lauanucnhc ha ac caammpapiaging nt oto pprroommotoet em matahtsh st teeaacchhiinngg..
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B)BT)h eT hpueb pliucb lsicee sse etsh et hvea lvuael uoef omfa mthast hisn itnh tehier irl iliffee..
C)CB)r iBtriitsihs hp peoepolpel ek knnowo wh ohwo wto tod od oe leelmeemnetnartayr yc aclaclcuulalattiioonnss..
D)DP)r iPmraimrya rsyc hsocohlo otle taecahcehresr su undnedresrtsatanndd b baassiicc mmaatthhss ccoonncceeppttss..
Questions 5to 7 are based on the news report you havejust heard.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
55..A )AH)e Hoew nosw an sf lae felte eotf o fa iarirccrraafftt..
B)B )H eH ies i sl elearanrinning gt oto b bee a a ppiilloott..
C)C )H eH ree rgeagradrsd sh ihsi sr oroyayla ld duutitieess aass aa bbuurrddeenn..
D)DH)e Hheel hde lad paa prta-rtt-itmime ej ojob bf foorr oovveerr 2200 yyeeaarrss..
6.6A. )A H) eH cea nc adne mdoenmstornastter ahteis h issu pseurpieorri opri plioltoitning gs kskililllss..
B)BH)e Hcea nc acnh acnhgaen hgies h fiso cfuosc uosf oaft attetnetnitioonn a anndd r reellaaxx..
C)C )H eH cea cna nsh sohwo whi sh idsi dfiffefreerencnec ef frroomm o tohtehre rr rooyyaallttyy..
DD)H)e Hcea nc acno mceo minet ion tcol ocsleors ecr ocnotnatcatc tw iwtiht hh hisis ppeeooppllee..
77..A A)T) hTehye ye nejnojoyyeded h hiiss ccoommppaannyy..
B)B )T hTehye yl ilkikeedd h hiimm i inn hhiiss uunniiffoorrmm..
C)C )T Thehye yr arraerellyy rreeccooggnniisseedd hhiimm..
D)DT)h Teyh ewye rwee rseu rsuprrpirsiesde dt too sseeee hhiimm..Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
with a single line through the centre.
QuQeusteisotinosn s8 8t oto 1111 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonn yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
8.8A. )A T) hTehy ewye wree rsek siklilleledd c caarrppeenntteerrss tthheemmsseellvveess..
B)B )I tI t ddiiddnn'’tt nneeeedd mmucuhc hc acpaiptaitla lt too ssttaarrtt wwiitthh..
C)C )W Wooodo sdu spupplpy lyw aws aps lpelnetnitfifuull iinn RRoommaanniiaa..
D)D )T hTehye ys aswa wa ab ubsuisniensess so opppoprotrutunintityy tthheerree..
99.A. )A P) rPorvoivdeid qeu qaluiatlyit yf ufrunrintiutruer ea att aaffffoorrddaabbllee pprriicceess..
B)B )A tAttrtaractc t ffoorreeiiggnn iinnvveessttmmeenntt ttoo eexxppaanndd bbuussiinneessss..
C)C )E Enlnalragrge et thheeiirr ccoommppaannyy bbyy hhiirriinngg mmoorree wwoorrkkeerrss..
DD) )O Opepne ns soomme em omroer eb braranncchh ccoommpapnaineiess iinn GGeerrmmaannyy..
1100..A A) )T Thehye ya arree ffrroomm hheerr hhoommeettoowwnn..
B)B )T Thehye ya arree iimmppoorrtteedd ffrormom GGeerrmmaannyy..
C)C )T Thehye ya allll ccoommee ffrroomm RRoommaanniiaa..
D)DT)h eTyh ecyo mceo mfreo fmr oamll a lolv oevre rt hthe ec coonnttiinneenntt..
11.A)All across urope. B) Throughout the world.
11. A) All across Europe. B) Throughout the world.
C)C )M oMstolstyl yi inn BBuucchhaarreesstt.. D)D )I Inn RRoommanainai ao onnllyy..
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
112.2A. )A G) oG too toa ac ocnocnecret rtw iwtiht hh ihmim a nadn dhi hsi sg igrirllffrriieenndd..
B)B )T rTyr yo uotu ta a nneeww r ereststaauurraannt t ttooggeetthheerr iinn totowwnn..
C)C )G oG owi wthit hh ihmi mto t oc hcohoosoes ea ap peaeralr l ffoorr SSuussaann..
D)DA)t tAetntde ntdh eth oep oenpienngi nogf oaf al olcoacla lr reessttaauurraanntt..
113.3A. )A I)t I ti iss ssppoonnssoorreedd b byy l looccaall rreessttaauurraannttss..
B)B )I tI t ssppeecciiaalliizzeess iinn ffoooodd aaddvveerrttiizziinngg..
C) It is especially popular with the young.
C) It is especially popular with the young.
DD)I)t Itp rporvoivdiedse si innffoorrmmataitoion no on nl looccaall eevveennttss..
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B)BT)h eTyh etyr etaret att hthemesmeslevlevse st oto v vaarriioouuss eenntteerrttaaiinnmmeennttss..
C)C )T hTehy egyo gtoo teoa te aatt a td idfiffefererentn ts sttyylliisshh rreessttaauurraannttss..
D)D T) hTehy epya rptairctiicpiaptae tei ni na av varairieettyy ooff ssoocciiaall eevveennttss..
1155.A. )A )M oMreo rree rsetsatuaruarnatnst sw wililll jjooiinn RReessttaauurraanntt W Weeeekk..
B)BT)h iTsh iyse yare'asr ’sR eRsetsatuaruarnatn tW eWeke ewki lwli lsl tsatarrtt ssoooonn..
CC) )B Bigiggegre rd idsicscouonutnst sw wilill l bbee ooffffeerreedd tthhiiss R Reessttaauurraanntt W Weeeekk..
D)D )M oMreo rtey tpyeps eosf o ff ofoodo dw iwlill l bbee sseerrvveedd tthhiiss RReessttaauurraanntt W Weeeekk..
Section C
Section C
Directions: In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
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once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
chcohiociecse s mmarakrkede dA A),)B, )B,) , CC)),, DD)).. TThheenn mmarakrk t thhee ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg leltettetr eorn oAn nAsnwsweerr
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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1166.A. )AR)e Rwaerwdianrdg intgh etmh efmo rf oera etaitnign gv veeggeteatabblleess..
B)B )E xEpxopsoinsign gt htehme mto t ov evgeegteatbalbelse sr reeppeeaatteeddllyy..CC) )I Immprporvoivngin tgh teh et atsatsete o off vveeggeettaabbllee ddiisshheess ffoorr tthheemm..
D)DE)x pElxapinlaiinngi ntgh et hbee bneefnietfsit so fo fe eaattiinngg vveeggeettaabblleess ttoo ththeemm..
1177.A. )A )T hTehye yw ewree rdei dsilsilkikeedd m mosots tb byy c chhiillddrreenn..
B)B )T hTehye yw ewree rec ocnosnisdiedreerde dm omsot stn unturtirittiioouuss..
C)CT)h Teyh ewye rwee rlee alesats tu suesde di inn BBeellggiiaann ccooookkiinngg..
D)DT)h eTyh ewyer we eerses eenstseianlti atlo t oc hcihlidldreren'ns’s hheeaalltthh..
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B)BC)h iClhdirlednr'esn ’se aetaitning gh haabibtitss ccaann bbee cchhaannggeedd..
C)C )P aPraernetnst sw watacthc hc lcolsoesleyly w whahta tc chhililddrreenn eeaatt..
D)D )C hCihldilrderne'ns’ sc hcohiociecse so fo ff fooood dv varayr yg grereataltlyy..
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
119.9A. )A )S pSapcaec ee xepxlpolroartaitioonn hhaass sseerroouuss ccoonnsseeqquueenncceess..
B)BI)n Idnidai ah ahsa sm manayn ys psapcaec ee exxplpolorarattiioonn pprrooggrraammss..
C)C )T hTehree reis i sq quiutiete aa lloott ttoo lelaearnrn a baboouutt t hteh em moooonn..
D)DA ) lAo tl oot fo fg garabrbagaeg eh hasa sb beeeenn l leefftt oonn ththee m moooonn..
202.0A.) AIt) Iits i sc ocsotsltlyy ttoo bbrriinngg bbaacckk.. B) B ) I t I t i i s s r ri i s s k k y y t t o o d d e e s s t t r r o o y y. .
C)C I) tI ti iss ooff nnoo uussee oonn EEaarrtthh.. D)D )I tIt iiss ddaammaaggeedd b byy r raaddiiaattiioonn..
212.1A. )A R) eRcoercdo rdde tdaeitalsil so of f ssppaaccee eexxpplloorraattiioonn..
BB) )M Monoitnoitro rt hthe ec chhaanngeg eo of f lluunnaarr wweeaatthheerr..
C)C )S tSutduyd yth teh ee feffefectc t ooff rraaddiiaattiioonn aanndd vvaaccuuuumm o no ni titss mmataeteririaallss..
D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
222.2A.) AIt) Iits i sl liikkeellyy ttoo rermemaaiinn aa m meeaannss ooff b buussinineesss sc ocmommmuunniiccaattiioonn..
B)BI)t Iit si sl liikkeellyy ttoo bbee aa ccoommppeettiittoorr ooff vvaarrioiouuss m meessssaaggiinngg aappppss..
C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.
C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.
D)DIt) Iwt iwlli llh havaev et oto b bee ggoovverenrende db yb ys psepceicfiificc rruulleess..
232.3A.) A S)a Svea vteh eth em emsseasgsea gien itnh tehieri rf fiillee..
B)B )M Makaek ae at itimmeleyly rreessppoonnssee..
C)CE)x Eamxianme inthee t hien finofromramtiaotnio nca craerfeuflulllyy..
D)D S) eSee eis i sa anny ya actcitioonn nneeeedds st too bbee ttaakkeenn..
242.4A.) A I)t I ti sis ttoo bbee ppaasssseedd oonn.. B)B )I tI t iiss mmoossttllyy jjuunnkk..
C)C I) tI t rreeqquuiirreess nnoo rreeppllyy.. DD) )I Itt ccaauusseess nnoo ccoonncceerrnn..
252.5A.) A M)a Mkea kite iats a ss hsohrotr ta ass ppoossssiibbllee..
BB) )U Uses es isimmplpel ea annd dc clleeaarr llaanngguuaaggee..
C)C )A dAodpto patn a nin ifnofromraml aslt sytlyel eo of f wwrirtitiinngg..
D)D A) vAoviod idu suisnign gc acpaiptiatallss ffoorr eemmpphhaassiiss..
Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ R R ea ea d d i i n n g g C Co o m m p p r r e e h h e e n n s s i io o n n ( 4 ( 0 4 0 m m in in ut u e te s s ) )
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.HaHvaev ey oyuo ue veevre ru suesde de meamila ilt oto a paoploologgiizzee ttoo aa ccoolllleeaagguuee?? DDeelliivveererde da a _ __ 2266_ _ _ t ot oa as usbuobrodrdininaattee（ (下下属属）) wwiitthh aa
vvooiiccee--mmaaiill mmeessssaaggee?? FFlloowwn nb yb yp lpalnaen ea carcorsoss st hteh ec ocuonutnrtyry jujusstt ttoo ddeelliivveerr iimmppoorrttaanntt nneewwss iinn ppeerrssoonn?? TThhee vvaarriioouuss
communication options at our fingertips today can be good for27and productivity—and at the same time very
communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity—and at the same time very
troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best—-__28__when the
troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best— 28 when the
message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've_29_business communication
message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've 29 business communication
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of delivering difficult messages.
of delivering difficult messages.
First of all, choose how personal you want to be.A face-to-face communication is the most_31__. Other choices,
First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 . Other choices,
in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten
in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten
letter,and the most_32_ is email.Some of these may change order according to the_33_ situation or your own
letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own
preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail.How do you decide on the best
preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best
choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? "My_34_concern is: How can I soften or civilize this
choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this
message?"says etiquette expert Dana Casperson."So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone
message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone
conversa”tion as my top alternative,and maybe a handwritten note next.Apologizing by email is something I now totally
conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally
35
35 .”
A)avoid D) reward
A) avoid I) reward
B)convenience J)silent
B) convenience J) silent
C)effectively
C) effectively
D)escape K)specific
D) escape K) specific
E)intimate L)surveyed
E) intimate L) surveyed
F)particularly M)unfriendly
F) particularly M) unfriendly
G primary
N) warning
G) primary N) warning
H prompt
O) witmessed
H) prompt O) witnessed
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top Chef
How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top Chef
AA)T)h eT hbeu sbyu ssytr setertese tsi ni nP aPrairsi s wwereer eu nuenveevne na nadn dca ckaekd eidn int htihcikc km umdu, db, ubtu tt htehreer ew wasa sa lawlawyasy as ab rberaetahtthatkaikning gs isgighht t ttoo sseeee iinn
the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814,people crowded outside the bakery,straining for a glimpse of
the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of
the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.
the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.
B)BH)iHsi sn anmaem ew aws aMsa rMiea-riAen-tAonitnoei nCea rCeamreê,m ea,n da nhde hhea dh aadp paepapreeadr,e do,n eo ndea yd,a ya, lamlomsto sot uotu to fo fn onwohwehreer.e .B uBtu ti nin hhiiss sshhoorrtt
liliffeettiimmee，, wwhhiicchh eennddeedd eexxaaccttllyy 118844 yyeeaarrss aaggoo ttooddaayy，, h ehe w woouulldd ffoorreevveerr r erveovolultuitoinoinziez eF rFernecnhc hg oguorumrmeett f ofoodod （（美美食食）），, wwrriittee
best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.
best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.
C)Careme's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either
C)Carême's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either
1783 or 1784,a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution.At 8 years old.he worked
1783 or 1784, a young Carême was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked
asa sa a kkiittcchheenn bbooyy ffoorr aa rreessttaauurraanntt i ni nP aPrairsi isn ienx cehxacnhagneg efo fr orro ormoo ma nadn db obaoradr.d .BByy aaggee 1155,， h eh eh ahda db ebceocmomee aann aapppprreennttiiccee （（学学徒徒））
to Sylvain Bailly,a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.
to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.
DD)C)aCraermêem wea sw qausi cqku iactk laet alrenairnngi nign inth eth ek ikticthcehne.n .B aBialillyly eennccouoruargaegde dh ihsi sy oyuonugn ga papprepnretinctiec et ot ol eleaarrnn ttoo rreeaadd aanndd wwrirtitee..
Careme would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the
Carême would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the
back room of the litle bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious
back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious
masterpieces out of flour, utter and sugar.
masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.EE)I)nIn h hisis tteeeennaaggee yyeeaarrss,, CCaarreêmme ef afasshhioionnede de aetaatablbele ccooppieiess ooff tthhee llaattee 1188tthh cceennttuurryy's' sm moosstt f afmamoouuss bbuuiillddiinnggss——ccooookkiieess iinn
the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master,
the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master,
displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.
displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.
FF))CCaarreêmmee''ss ccrreeaattiioonnss ssoooonn ccaappttuurreedd tthhee ddiissccrrimiminiantaintgi nge yeey eo fo f aa FFrreenncchh ddiipplloommaatt, , CChhaarrllees s MMaauurriiccee ddee
Talleyrand-Perigord.Around 1804,Talleyrand challenged Careme to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing
Talleyrand-Périgord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Carême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing
the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire
the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire
year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable
year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable
connection for Careme.
connection for Carême.
GG) )F rFernecnhc hE mEpmerpoerr oNra Npoalpeoolne oBno nBaopanratpea rwtea sw kanso kwnn otwon bteo ubnei mupnriemspsereds sbeyd tbhye tdheec ldiencilinngi ntga statset eo fo fe eaarrllyy 1188tthh cceennttuurryy
cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society,he too called Careme to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace.In 1810,
cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society, he too called Carême to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810,
Careme designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He
Carême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He
became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes."I want order
became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order
and taste.A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,"he later wrote in one of his cook books.
and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.
HH）)IInn 11881166，, CCaarrêemmee b beegagna na ac ucluilninarayry（ (烹烹饪饪的的）)j ojuorunrenye yw hwichhi cwho uwldo uflodr efoverer vmearr mk ahriks hpilsa cpel aacse haiss htoisrtyo'rsy 'fsi frisrts t ttoopp cchheeff..
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continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own
continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander Ⅰ of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own
accomplishments, a boastful Careme made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens.
accomplishments, a boastful Carême made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens.
Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to
Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to
recognize—and admire—him.
recognize—and admire—him.
II))CCaraerêmme'es' sc coookoiknign gd idsipslpalayys sb beceacmaem teh teh es ysmybmolb oolf offi nfein eF rFenrecnh cdhi ndiinngin;g t; htehye yw ewree rpel penletnitfiuflu,l, bbeeaauuttiiffuull aanndd iimmppoossiinngg..
Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Careme's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet
Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Carême's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet
ce c l e e l b e r b a r t a i ti n n g g t t h h e e G G r r a a n n d d D D uk u e k e N i N ch ic o h l o as la s o f o f R R us u s s i s a i ' a s 's v v i i s s i it t t o t o G G e e o o r r g g e e Ⅳ IV's' sBBrriigghhttoonn PPaavviillliloino no no nJ aJna.n 1.188, ,1 8118177, ,tthhee m meennuu ffeeaattuurreedd
120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.
120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.
JJ))AAs sh hee t trraavveelleedd tthhrroouugghh tthhee hhoommese so of f eeaarrllyy 1199tthh cceennttuurryy nnoobbiilliittyy,, C Caarrêemmee ffoorrggeedd tthhee nneeww aarrtt ooff F Frreenncchh ggoouurrmmeett ffoooodd..
Locked in hot kitchens, Careme created his four"mother sauces." These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and
Locked in hot kitchens, Carême created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and
allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the souffle—a baked egg
allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufflé—a baked egg
dish, and introduced the standard chefs uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many
dish, and introduced the standard chef's uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many
chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Careme—and in his realm, appearance was
chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Carême—and in his realm, appearance was
everything.
everything.
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mmanaunaulasl si nincclluuddiinngg TThhee RRoyoayla l PParairissiiaann BBaakkeerr aanndd tthhee mmaassssiivvee ffiivvee--vvoolulummee AArrtt ooff FFrreenncchh CCooookkiinngg SSeerriieess ((11883333--11884477,,
completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step
completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step
directions. Long before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them
directions. Long before television cooking shows, Carême walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them
toto " “ttrryy tthhiiss fofor ry oyuoursreslefl, fa,t hato mhoem”e a"sa sf afmamoouuss AAmmeerriiccaann CChheef f JJuulliiaa CChhiilldd mmiigghhtt ddoo,, mmanayn yy eyaerasr sl laatteerr..
L)LI）n Itnh et heen de,n dh,o hwoevweerv,eirt， wa sit twhaes ktihtec hkeitnc htehna tt hdaitd d Cida rCemaer êimne. iDne.c Dadeecsa doefs woofr kwionrgk ionvge ro vceora lc ofailr feisr eisn i nt itgighhtt,, cclloosseedd
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died just before he turned 50.
died just before he turned 50.
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the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th
the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th
cecnetnutruyr yw ewreer et hteh em omsot sft afmaomuso uisn inth teh ew owroldrl,d","”a sa sh he ew wrortoet ei inn hhiiss ppaappeerrss..
N）N）DecDaedceasd elsa tlearte，r,c chheeff AAuugugsutsete EEssccooffffiieerr wwoouulldd bbuuiilldd uuppoonn CCaarrêemmee''ss ccoonncceepptt ooff FFrreenncchh ccuuiissininee （（烹烹饪饪））..B Butu t iinn tthhee
very beginning, there was just Careme, the top chef who elevated dining into art.
very beginning, there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art.
36. Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.
36. Carême was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.
37.Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.
37. Carême wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38.Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.
38. Carême benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.
39. Careme learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.
39. Carême learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.
40. Careme's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.
40. Carême's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.
41. Careme's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.
41. Carême's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.
42.Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.
42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Carême.
43.Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.
43. Carême became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.
44. Careme's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.
44. Carême's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.
45. Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.
45. Carême's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
cocrorrerespsponodnidnign gl eletttteerr oonn AAnnswsewr eSrh eSeht e2e tw i2t hw iat hs ain sgilneg llei lnien et hthrroouughg ht thhee cceennttrree..
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from
your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly
your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly
using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.
using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.
Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
"It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,"says Lizzie Post, president
“It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Post, president
of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors."I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette
of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette
（（礼礼仪仪）） e meemrgeersg eisn itne tremrsm osf o wf hwethheetrh eyro uy otue ltle llp epoepolpel ey oyuo uh ahvaev ae ac acmaemrae roar onro nto，t,a nadn dw hwehtheethr egru geustess tsh ahvaev ea ar irgighth t ttoo aasskk tthhaatt
it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."
it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.”
Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc. She also wants to
Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc. She also wants to
explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now
explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now
becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.
becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.
WWhenh eint ict ocmoems etso tsoe csuerciutryi tyca cmaemraesr,a sP,o sPto ssta yssa yist 'its's aa hhoosts't'ss rreessppoonnssiibbiilliityty t ot om maakkee ssuurree gguueessttss ffeeeell c coommffoorrttaabbllee wwiitthhiinn
their home."I'm always a fan of being open and honest." For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a
their home. “I'm always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a
camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are
camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are
uncomfortable.
uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then
However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then
again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor."If anything does go wrong
again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor. “If anything does go wrong
while they're in the house,they don't want to be blamed for it," she says."In fact, the camera could be the thing that
while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that
prporvoevse tsh tahta tt htheye yd iddind'nt' t sstteeaall tthhee $$2200,, oorr kknnoocckk tthhee vvaassee ooffff tthhee ttaabbllee..”"
46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?
46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?
AA)T)h eT hsee csuerciutryi tyca cmaemrae rian sitnasltalellde dm amy aiyn tinrturdued ei nitnot ot thheeiirr pprriivvaaccyy..
BB) )T hTehye ydo dn'otn ’wta wnta ntth ethire irp hpohtoosto tso t ob eb ec icricrculualatetedd o onn t thhee IInntteerrnneett..
C)C )T hTeh ese sceucruitriyt yc acmaemrae rmaa my atyur tnu ronu to utto t ob eb eh ahramrfmulf utlo t ot htehieri r hheeaalltthh..
D)D )T hTehye yma my anyo tn obte b wei wlliillnign gt too iinntteerraacctt wwiitthh y yoouurr f afmamiilyl ym meemmbbeerrss..
47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?
47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?AA) )T hTeh ee feffefcetc t ooff mmanannenresr sa advdivciec eo on nt thhee ppuubblilicc..
B)B )C oCsots to of f aappppllyyiinngg nneeww t teecchhnnoollooggiieess aatt hhoommee..
C)C )T hTeh ein icnrceraesaisning gu uses eo off hhoomme es esceucruirtityy ddeevviicceess..
D)DE)t iEqtuiqeutettet ea arroouunndd hhoomme es eseccuruirittyy ccaammeerraass..
48.What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?
48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?
A) A ) L e L g e a g l a l r r i i g g h h t t s s. . C)C )L iLkiekse sa nadn dd idsilsilikkeess ooff iinnddiivviidduuaallss..
B) B M ) o M ra o l ra l i i s s s su u e e s s DD) )T Theh ep posossisibbllee iimmppaacctt oonn mmaannnneerrss..
49.What is a host'sresponsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?
49. What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?
AA) )M aMkiankgi ntgh etihre igr ugeusetss tsf efeele l aatt eeaassee..
B)B )I nIndidcicaattiinngg wwhhereere t thheeyy aarree..
C)C )T uTrunrinnign gt htheme mo foff fi inn ttiimmee..
D)D )E nEsnusruinrign gt htehieri r gguueessttss'’ pprriivvaaccyy..
50.In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?
50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?
AA) )I tI t ccaann s saatitissffyy tthheeiirr ccuurriioossiittyy..
B)B )I tI t ccaann pprroovvee tthheeiirr iinnnnoocceennccee..
C) It can help them learn new technology.
C) It can help them learn new technology.
DD) )I tIt ccaann mmakaek et htheierir vviissiitt mmoorree eennjjooyyaabbllee..
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar,
PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar,
saslatlt aanndd ffaatt，, a sa sc ocnosnusmumeerrss ddeemmaanndd hheeaalltthhiieerr ooppttiioonnss aanndd rreegguullaattoorryy pprreessssuurree initnetnesnisfiiefsi easm aimdi da na no boebseistyit ey peidpiedmeimci c（ （流流行行
滥”：
病）.
The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with
The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with
reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white
reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white
bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.
bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.
Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the
Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the
industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5overall in the US.
industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.
Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth.
Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth.
But on the subject of obesity,she pointed out that consumers'lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being
But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being
more sedentary（久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution
more sedentary （久坐不动的） not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution
was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.
was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.
"Society has to change its habits," she added."We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide
“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide
consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're
consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're
breaking that trade-off."
breaking that trade-off.”
PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week
PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week
backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its
backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its
environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.
environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PPepespisCiCo od iddid n noot t ssaayy eexxaaccttllyy hhooww mmucuhc hi tit ppllaannnneedd ttoo iinnvveesstt t ot or eraecahc hit si tgso aglos.a lHso. wHeovweerv,e Dr,rD rM Meehhmmoooodd KKhhaann,, cchhiieeff
scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was
scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was
"commtted to sustaining investment",adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's
“committed to sustaining investment”, adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's
reresseeaarrcchh aanndd ddeevveellooppmmenetn tb buudgdegte ti inn 22001155 wwaass $$775544 m milillliioonn..
51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?
51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?
AA) )T To ow iwni ns uspuppoprotr tf frroomm t thhee ffeeddeerraall ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt..
B)B )T oT ob eb em omroe rec ocmopmetpiettiivtiev ei nin t thhee gglloobbaall mmaarrkkeett..
CC) )T To os astaitsisffyy tthhee ggrroowwiinngg n neeeedsd sf foorr hheeaalltthhyy ffooooddss..
D)D )T oT oin ivnevsets tm omreo rwei wseilsye liyn i nt hteh es osfotf t ddrriinnkk iinndduussttrryy..
52.What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?
52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?
A) Invest more to develop new snacks.
A) Invest more to develop new snacks.
B)B )R eRdeudcue clee lveevlesl so fo fo obbeseistityy iinn tthhee UUSS..
C)C )C hCahnagneg ceo cnosnusmuemrse'r se’a etaitning gh haabbititss..
DD) )K Keeepe po no ni mipmrporvoivngin git ists pprroodduuccttss..
53.Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?
53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?
AA) )T To oe ensnusruere tthhee ccoommppaanny'ys’ s ffuuttuurree ddeevveellooppmmeenntt..
B)To adapt to its customers'changed taste.
B) To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.
C)C )T oT oh ehlepl pi mimprporvoev ei tists ccoonnssuummeresr'sl’i lfifeessttyylleess..
DD)T)o Tbor ebarke atkhe t hter atrdaed-oef-fo fif ni ni titss pprroodduucctt ddeessiiggnn..
54.What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?
54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?
AA)I)t I ti iss mmaaiinnllyy ccaauusseedd bbyy oovveerrccoonnssuummptpitoionn o off ssnnaacckkss..
B)BI)t Itr erseuslutltss ffrroomm hhiigghh ssuuggaarr aanndd ssaalltt c coonnssuummppttiioonn..
C)CIt) Iits i sa tatttrriibbuuttaabbllee ttoo ppeeooppllee'’ss cchhaannggede dl iliffeessttyylleess..
DD)I)t Ith ahsa sa al loott ttoo ddoo wwiitthh lloonnggeerr wwoorrkkiinngg hhoouurrss..
555.5W. hWath ahta hs aPs ePpespisCioCbeoe bne ednoi dnogi ntgo taoc ahcihevieev ei tists oobbjjeeccttiivvee??
A)A )S Stutuddyyiinngg WWHOH'Os ’sg ugiudiedleilinneess.. BB)I)n Icnrceraesaisnign gi tists rreesseeaarrcchh ffuunnddiinngg..
CC) )E Expxapnadnidnign gi tists mmaarrkkeett oovveerrsseeaass.. D)D )C uCtutittnign gi titss pprroodduuccttiioonn ccoossttss..
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
越越来来越越多多的的中中国国人人现现在在的的确确离离不不开开手手机机了了。。他他们们中中的的许许多多人人，，包包括括老老年年人，人都，使都用使手用机手应机用应程用序程（序a(pappsp）s)保保持持联联
系系并并拓拓宽宽朋朋友友圈圈。。他他们们也也用用手手机机购购物物、、查查找找信信息息，，因因为为手手机机便便于于携携带带。。此此外外，，使使用用手手机机应应用用程程序序通通信信比比传传统统电电话话便便
宜宜。。然然而而，，这这种种新新趋趋势势导导致致人人们们在在社社交交时时过过度度依依赖赖手手机机。。事事实实上上，，一一些些年年轻轻人人已已经经变变得得十十分分上上瘾瘾，，以以至至于于忽忽视视了了与与
家家人人和和朋朋友友面面对对面面的的交交流流。。2
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年12
1
月 2月大大学学英英语语四四级级考考试试真真题题（(第第3
3
套套）)
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the
challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but
challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should yvrite at least 120 words but
no more than 180 words.
no more than 180 words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说说明明∶：由由于于2
2
0
0
1
1
8
8
年年12
1
月 2月四四级级考考试试全全国国共共考考了了 2
2
套套听听力力，，本本套套真真题题听听力力与与前前2
2
套套内内容容完完全全一一
样样，，只只是是顺顺序序不不一一样样，，因因此此在在本本套套真真题题中中不不再再重重复复出出现现。。
Part II
Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension ((4400 mmiinnuutteess))
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
one word far each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank fallowing the passage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank
is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter far each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank
more than Once.
more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent
A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent
bad cough. No matter how many different 26__I tried,I still couldn't get rid of the
bad cough. No matter how many di企 rent 26 I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the
cough.Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole.Then one day after
cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after
class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her
class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her
description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I
description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I
was 29 because I knew so ltle about it and have never tried it before.Eventually,my
was 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my
cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try.
cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try.
The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were
The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were
new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor
new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor
gagvaev em em ea as csrcarpaipnign（g 刮 (舌 ）1t)rtreeaattmmenetn tk knnowonw nas a s' GcuGau aS hSah'.aI5. 1w aws aas al iltitttllee 323_2 ata tf ifirrsstt bbeeccaauussee
he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes
he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes
later,the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began
later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began
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couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor,my cough started
couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started
to 35_. Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!
to 35 . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen I) remedies
A) deepen I) remedies
B)experiences J) scared
B) experiences J) scared
C)hesitant K)sensitive
C) hesitant K) sensitive
D) inconvenience L) sink
D) inconvenience L) sink
)lessen M) temporary
E)lessen M) temporary
F) licenses N) tremble
F) licenses N) tremble
G) pressred O) worse
G) pressured 0) worse
HH) ) rreeccoommmmeennddeedd
Section B
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identifythe
it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by marking the
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
ls it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?
Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?
AA) )W heWn hyeonu ydrooup dar oppi eac ep ioefc ef ooofd f ooond t ohen fthleo ofrl,o oirs, iist itr ereaallllyy OOK Kt ot oe aeta t iiff yyoouu ppiicckk iitt uupp
within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few
within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few
seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done
Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done
some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
B)B )W hiWleh itleh et h'ef i"vfei-vsee-sceocnodn dr urluel'e 5 mmigihgth tn onto ts eseeemm l ilkikee tthhee mmosots tp rperessssiinngg iissssuuee ffborr ffoooodd
scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one
scientists to get to the bottom of, it5s still worth investigating food myths like this one
because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
C）C) So Sios isf ifvive es esecocnodnsd so no nt hteh ef lfloooor r tthhee ccrriittiiccaal lt htrhersehsohlodl d（(门门槛槛）)tthhaatt sseeppaarraatteess aa ppiieeccee ooff
eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It
eatable food from a case of food poisoning? Ifs a bit more complicated than that. It
depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds
depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds
anadn dj ujusts th howo wdi drtiryt yt hthe ef flloooorr iiss..
DD)W)o ndWeroinngd eirfin gfo iofd foiso ds tisi lslt ilOlK O tKo teoa te aatf ateftre ri tit''ss ddrrooppppeedd oonn tthhee fflloooorr isi sa ap rpertetyt tcyo mcommmoonn
experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate,
experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate,
story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her
story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her
cooking show,The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick
cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick
it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never
it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never
knoW.
know.
EE) )I n Ifna cfta citt itw aws aas apo ptoattaot op apnacankcea,k ea,n da nidt ift eflell l oonn t thhee ssttoovveettoopp, , nnoott oonn tthhee fflloooorr.. CChhiilldd ppuuttit back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the
it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you5re alone in the
kitchen, who's going to see it?"But the misremembered story persists. It's harder
kitchen, who's going to see it? ” But the misremembered story persists. It's harder
to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported
to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported
that 70of women and 56of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule
that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule
and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
F)F ) So Swoh awt hdaot edso essc isecniceen ctee ltell l uuss aabboouutt wwhhata t aa ffeeww mmomoemntesn tso no nt hteh ef lfloooorr mmeeaanns s ffobrr tthhee
safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to
safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to
JJiilllliiaann CCllaarrkkee,, aa hhiigghh sscchhooooll ststuuddeenntt pparatrtiicciippaattiinngg iinn aa rreesseeaarrcchh pprroojjeecctt aatt tthhee
UUninveivrseirtsyi tyof o Ifl Illilinnooisis.. CClalarkrke ea nadn dh ehre rc oclollelaegaugesu eisn tirnotdroucdeudc beadc tbearcitae rtioa ftolo folro otirl teisle（s瓷｛瓷砖）砖）)
and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were
and then placed cookies on the tiles fbr varying times. They reported bacteria were
transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the
transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn5t report the
specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
G)G )B utB huot wh omwan ym abnacyt beraicate raicat aucatlulayl lyt rtarnasnfseferr iinn ffiivvee sesceoconnddss?? I nI n2 020070,7 ,mmyy llaabb aat tC Clelmemssoonn
University published a study in the .Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted
University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted
to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected
to know if the length of time flood is in contact with a contaminated surface affected
the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria
the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria
to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or
to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or
bread on the surface for 5,30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of
bread on the surface fbr 5,30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of
bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had
bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had
been on the surface for 2,4,8 and 24 hours.
been on the surface fbr 2,4,8 and 24 hours.
H)H )W e Wfoeu nfdo utnhda tt htahte t hneu mnbuemr boef r boafc tbearcitae rtiar atnrasnfesfrerrerde dt oto e eiitthheerr kkiinndd ooff ffoooodd ddiiddnn'5tt ddeeppeenndd
much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether
much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface- whether
for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface
fbr a few seconds or fbr a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface
mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like
mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like
what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how
whafs at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how
contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.
contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.
I) We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance,
I) We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, fbr instance,
seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet
seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet
was contaminated, less than 1of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food
was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food
was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70of bacteria were.
was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.
J Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters
J) Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters
（(参参数数）)toto oouur r ssttuuddyy aanndd ffoouunndd ssiimmiillaarr rreessuultlst. sT.Thheeyy aalslos or erpeoprotretde tdh atth a8t7 %87 ooff ppeeooppllee
asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.
asked either would eat or had eaten food fellen on the floor.
KK) )S hoSuhlodu yldo uy oeuat e faot ofdo ofda lflaelnle no no nth teh ef lfolooro rt thheenn?? FFroromm a af ofoodo ds asfaefteyty s tstaannddppooinintt,, iiff yyoouu
have millions or more bacteria on a surface,0.1is still enough to make you sick.
have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick.
Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful,and it takes only a small number
Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small numberto make you sick. For example,10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of
to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of
bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune
bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune
systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.
systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.
L) And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.
L） And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.
Bacteria are carried by various'media', which can include raw food, moist
Bacteria are carried by various 'media' , which can include raw food, moist
surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or
surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or
ssnneeezeizningg（ （打打喷喷嚏嚏））.H.a
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living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of
living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of
deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most
deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most
surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very
surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very
difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to
difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to
sasanintiitizzeerrss（ （清清洁洁剂剂）a）nda nadn tainbtiiobtioictisc sc ocmopmarpeadr etdo tob abcatcerteirai al liivviinngg oonn tthheeiirr oowwnn..
MM) ）S o Stoh et hnee xnte xtti mtiem yeo uy ocuo ncsoindesird eera teiantgin gfa flallelne nf ofoodo,d , tthhee ooddddss aarree iinn yyoouurr ffaavvoorr tthhaatt yyoouu
can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism
can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism
that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly
that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be foirly
sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.
sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.
N) Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils
N） Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils
and other surfaces clean.
and other surfaces clean.
3366. . A Are rseesaeracrhc hp rporjoejcetc t ffoouunnd db abcatceterriiaa mmadaed et htheierir wwaya yt oto t hthee ffoooodd o no nt hthe ef lfloooorr iinn ffiivvee
Seconds.
seconds.
37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.
37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.
38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the
38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the
floor.
floor.
39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.
39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.
40. The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.
40. The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.
41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.
41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.
42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.
42. Chances are you will not fell sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.
43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food
43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food
picked up from the floor.
picked up from the floor.
44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.
44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.
45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with
45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with
how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.
how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section C
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is fallowed by some
quqeusetsitoionsn so orr uunnfifinniisshheedd ssttaatteemmeennttss.. FFoorr eeaacchh ooff tthheemm tthheerree aarree f ofuourr cchhooiicceess m maarrkkeedd AA）), BB)）,,
f
CC)）a nad nDd) .D ）Y. ouY osuh osuhlodu ldde cdiedceid eo no nt hteh eb ebsets tc hcohiocicee aannd dm amrakr kt hteh ec ocrorrersepspoondnidning gl leetttteerr oonn
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on
both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of
hhididiinngg pprreeyy（ （猎猎物物））usuisningg b boothth tthheeiirr eeaarrss a nandd a nan i nibnobronr n（（天天生生的的））uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg ooff hhooww tthhee
physical world works.
physical world works.
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a
cocnotnatianineerr tthhaatt aa t etaemam m meemmbbeerr sshhooookk.. SSoomem ec ocnotnatianienresrs rraaltltleedd（ （发发出 出响口声向）声;） ；otohtehresr sd diidd nnoott..
WWhenh etnh et hceo cntoanitnaeinr ewra ws atsi tpippepde dov oevr,e r,s osmoemtiemteims easn aonb joebcjte cfte flell l oouut t aanndd ssoommeteitmiemse si ti t ddiiddnn''tt..
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a
cocnotnatianineerr wwasa st itippppeedd oovveerr.. WWhehne na na no bojbecjetc td iddi dn onto td rdorpo po uotu to fo ft hthee bbototttoomm o fo fa ar artatttlliinngg
container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as
container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as
expected.
expected.
"Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance
“Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance
oof fi innvviissiibbllee oobbjjeeccttss,/5" lleeaadd rreesseeaarrcchheerr SSaahhoo TTaakakgaig i ssaayys si inn aa pprreessss rreelleeaassee.. TThhee rreesseeaarrcchheerrss
conclude that cats'hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense
conclude that cats5 hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense
abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies.Like cats,
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats,
babies appear to engage in what's called"preferential looking"—looking longer at things
babies appear to engage in whafs called '"preferential looking"—looking longer at things
that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
When babies'expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with
When babies5 expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with
the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies
the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies
apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as
apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as
early as two months of age.
early as two months of age.
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?
Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most
Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most
important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown
important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown
that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.
that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46.What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
AA)T)h eyT hceayn cbaen tbrea itrnaeidn etdo tuon udenrdsetrasntad ntdh teh ep hpyhsyisciacla lw owrolrdl.d.
B)B )T heTyh ekyno kwn wohwat w khiantd k ionfd porfe yp rmeiyg hmti gbhet ebaes ieears ietro toh uhnutn.t.
C)C )T heTy hheayv eh aav ena at unraatlu raabli laibtiyli ttyo t ol olcoactaet ea nainmiamlsa lst htehye yh uhnutn.t.
D)DT)h eyT hareey caarep acbalpea obfle toefl lteilnlgin wgh wichhi cwha yw tahye ithre pirr epyr efyl efleese.s.
47. What may account for the cats'response to the noise from the containers?
47. What may account fbr the cats5 response to the noise from the containers?
AA) )T heTihr eiirn bionrbno rsne nsseintsiivtiitvyi tyt ot on oniosies.e.
BB)T)h eiTrh euinru usunauls usaeln sseen osef odfi rdeicretcitoino.n.
C)C )T heTirh esipre scpiaelc iaabl ialbiitlyit yt ot op eprecrecieviev.e.
D)D )T heTihr emira smtearsyte royf ocfa ucsaeu saen da nedf feeffcetc.t.
48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt,according to the Japanese researchers?
48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
A) They depend on their instincts.
A) They depend on their instincts.
B)BT)hTehy erye rleyl ym aminalinyl yo no nt htehierir hheeaarriinngg..
C)C )T heTyh ewyai wt asiot mseo mtiem tei mbeef boerfeo raet taatctakc.k.
DD) )T heTyh eusye u bsoet bho tthhe tihre iera erasr sa nadn de yeeyse.s.
49.In what way do babies behave like cats?
49. In what way do babies behave like cats?
AA) )T heTyh efyo cfuosc uosn o nwh wath aatp appepaerasr so dodd.d.
BB)T) heTy hveiye vwi etwhe t hweo rwlodr lads a sn onromramla.l.
C)C )T heTyh edoy dwoha wt htahte tyh epyre pfreerf etro t od od.o.
D) They are curious about everything.
D) They are curious about everything.
50.What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
AA)T)h eyT hheayv eh ahvieg hheirg hienrt einltleilgliegnecnec eth tahna nm amnya noyt hoethr ear nainmiamlsa.ls.
BB)T)h eTy hienyt eirnatecrta cwti wthi thth teh ep hpyhsyisciacla l wworolrdld mmucuhc hl ilikkee hhuummanasn.s.
C)CT)h eyT hdiesyp ldaiys pelaxytr eaxortrdaionradriinlayr ihliyg hh iginht ienltleilgliegnecne cien i nh uhnutnitnign.g.
D)DT)h eyT hcaeny caiadn apihdy spihcyss ipcrso fpersosfoerssso irsn itnh tehieri rr reesseeaarrcchh wworokr.k.Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
IImmagaignien ey oyuo eun etenrte ra ac acra rw witihth n noo s stteeeerriinngg wwhheeele，l, nnoo bbrraakkee oorr aacccceelleerraattoorr p epdedaallss （(踏踏板板）)..
Under a voice-activated command, you say an address."The fastest route will take us 15.3
Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. uThe fastest route will take us 15.3
minutes. Should I take it ?"You say" yes"and you are on your way. The car responds and
minutes. Should I take it ? " You say " yes " and you are on your way. The car responds and
starts moving all by itself.All you have to do is sit back and relax.
starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How weird would it be if, one day in the future,everyone had such a car? No crazy
How weird would it be one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy
driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.
driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.
On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets
On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets
without all those speeding and parking tickets.
without all those speeding and parking tickets.
A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There's
A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways. There5s
no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for
no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for
safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94of road accidents in the U.S.
safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S.
involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain
involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain
a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would
a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would
ddrarassttiiccaallllyy rreedduuccee ppoolllulutitoino nl elveevlse lasn dan dd edpeepnednednecnyc yo onn n noonn--rerneneewwaabbllee ffuueells.s .R Rooaaddss wwoouulldd
be quieter, people safer.
be quieter, people safer.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now
depend on driving for their livelihoods.According to the U.S.Department of Labor, in May
depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May
2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association
2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association
lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and
federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be
federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be
displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and
displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what5s happening in the coal and
oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.
However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies
However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies
involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better
involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better
future for all.
future fbr all.
51.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.
A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.
BB)I)t Iwt owulodu lsda vsaev leo lcoacla lg govoevrenrmnemntesn tsa al olot t ooff mmoonneeyy..
C)C )M oMreo preol piocelimceenm weonu lwdo buel dp baetr poaltlrionlgli ntgh et hset rsetreetest.s.
D)DT)r afTfriacf frice gruelgautliaotnios nwso wulodu blde bae tah ithngin ogf o tfh teh ep apsats.t.
52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
AA) )T hTeyh ecyo uclodu ledn ejonyjo gyr gearetaetre rm omboilbiiltiyty..
BB) )T hTeyh ewyo uwlodu sldu fsfuefrf enro n or oraoda da caccicdiednetnst.s.
C)C )T hTeyh ewyo wulodu lhda vhea vneo ntor otruobulbe led rdirviviningg..DD) )T Thehye yc coouuldld ggoo aannyywwhhereere tthheeyy wwaanntt..
53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
AA)T) heT choen fcloincftli cbte btewtewene elna lbaobro ra nadn dm manaangaegmeenmte nwot uwldo uildnt ienntsenifsiyf.y.
B)BT)h e Tghaep gbaept wbeeetnw eveanr ivoaursi osuesc steocrtso rosf o sfo scoiceiteyty wwouoludl db be ew widideneende.d.
C)C )P roPfreosfseisosniaoln adlr divrievresr sw owuoldu lhda hvea vae haa hrad rdt itmime ea daadpatpintign gt ot on newe wr oraoda dc ocnodnidtiitoinosn.s.
D)DN)u meNrouums eproroufse psrsoifoensasli odnrailv derrisv ewrosu lwdo uhaldv eh atvoe ftion dfi nnde wn ewway ws aoyfs eoafr enairnngi nag lai vliivnign.g.
54.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
AA) )P olPiotilictaicl adl idsissastaitsifsafactcitioonn..
BB) )R eRtreatiraniinnign go fo fe emmplpolyoeyeese.s.
C)C )F osFsoilss iflu feule lc ocnosnesrevravtaitoino.n.
D)D )B usBiunessinse srse srtersutrcutcutruirning.g.
55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
AA) )K eeKpe eppa cpea cwei twhi tthe tcehcnhonloolgoigciacla ld deevveleoloppmmenetnst.s.
BB) )M aMkea nkeew n etewc htencohlongoileosg iaefs faofrfdoarbdlaeb lteo t oe veevreyryonoen.e.
C)C )E naEbnlaeb elev eervyeornyeo nteo tboe nbeefnietf itf rfroomm n enwe wte tcehcnhonloolgoigeise.s.
DD) )P opPuolparuilazeri zteh eth ues ues eo fo fn enwe wte tcehcnhonloogloiegsie sa nadn dde dveivceicse.s.
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
过过去去几几年年里里，，移移动动支支付付市市场场在在中中国国蓬蓬勃勃发发展展。。随随着着移移动动互互联联网网的的出出现现，，手手机机购购物物逐逐
渐渐成成为为一一种种趋趋势势。。1188 到到 3300 岁岁的的年年轻轻人人构构成成了了移移动动支支付付市市场场的的最最大大群群体体。。由由于于现现在在用用手手机机
付付款款很很容容易易，，许许多多消消费费者者在在购购物物时时宁宁愿愿用用手手机机付付款款，，而而不不愿愿用用现现金金或或信信用用卡卡。。为为了了鼓鼓励励
人人们们多多消消费费，，许许多多商商店店给给使使用用移移动动支支付付的的顾顾客客打打折折。。专专家家预预测测，，中中国国移移动动支支付付市市场场未未来来
仍仍有有很很大大发发展展潜潜力力。。2019年 06月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus
newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least
120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,
you hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.
2. A) He doubled the reward. C) He cheered him on all the way.
B) He set him an example. D) He had the event covered on TV.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To end the one-child policy. C) To increase working efficiency.
B) To encourage late marriage. D) To give people more time to travel.
4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.
B) They will help to popularize early marriage.
C) They will boost China9s economic growth.
D) They will not come into immediate effect.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare. C) It makes party goers exhausted.
B) It leaves the house in a mess. D) It creates noise and misconduct.
7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer. C) Settle a legal dispute.
B) Visit the U.S. and Canada. D) Expand their business.
Section B
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 1 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) He had a driving lesson. C) He took the driver's theory exam.
B) He got his driver's license. D) He passed the driver's road test.
9. A) He was not well prepared. C) He was not used to the test format.
B) He did not get to the exam in time. D) He did not follow the test procedure.
10. A) They are tough. C) They are helpful.
B) They are costly. D) They are too short.
11. A) Pass his road test the first time.
B) Test-drive a few times on highways.
C) Find an experienced driving instructor.
D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Where the woman studies.
B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.
C) Leeds' tuition for international students.
D) How to apply for studies at a university.
13. A) Apply to an American university. C) Perform in a famous musical.
B) Do research on higher education. D) Pursue postgraduate studies.
14. A) His favorable recommendations. C) His academic excellence.
B) His outstanding musical talent. D) His unique experience.
15. A) Do a master's degree. C) Travel widely.
B) Settle down in England. D) Teach overseas.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),
C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.
B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 2 页 共 10页 by：光速考研D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
17. A) They are larger than many other species.
B) They can cause damage to people's homes.
C) They can survive a long time without water.
D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.
18. A) Deny them access to any food.
B) Keep doors and windows shut.
C) Destroy their colonies close by.
D) Refrain from eating sugary food.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) The function of the human immune system.
B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.
20. A) Report their illnesses. C) Act as research assistants.
B) Offer blood samples. D) Help to interview patients.
21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.
B) Better understanding patients9 immune system.
C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.
D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.
B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.
23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.
B) Join the schooPs chess team.
C) Participate in a national chess competition.
D) Receive training for a chess competition.
24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.
B) Many have become national chess champions.
C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.
25. A) Actions speak louder than words.
B) Think twice before taking action.
C) Translate their words into action.
D) Take action before it gets too late.
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 3 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000
miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are
coming into life.
In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced
28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to
develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.
“Michigan's 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several
states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can't let
that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.
If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan's
2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.
Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on
public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road
trips, and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors
and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial
application of self^driving technology. In 34 California, home of Silicon Valley,
recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to
take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self driving technology.
A) bid I) replace
B) contrast J) represent
C) deputy K) restrictive
D) dominance L) reward
E) fleets M) significant
F) knots N)sponsor
G) legislation O) transmitted
H) migrated
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 4 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100
A） Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians （百岁老人）.Worldwide,
Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a
million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his
co-researchers, 50% of babies bom in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or
more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for
Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
B） Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given
the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society
urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of
what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate
longevity （长寿）with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life,
not just the end of it.
C） Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier fbr longer, then
this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer,
they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in
the saying that "70 is the new 60" or "40 the new 30.“ If you age more slowly over a
longer time period, then you are in some sense younger fbr longer.
D） But the changes go further than that. Take, fbr instance, the age at which people make
commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a
career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In
1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone （里程碑）
had shifted to age 29.
E） While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing
realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable
the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options
become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is
that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are
now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging
for those in their twenties.
F） Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only fbr financial reasons.
Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you
are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you
are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or
possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a
retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cog几ifive（认知
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 5 页 共 10页 by：光速考研的)and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just
lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed
for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible
assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.
H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education,
administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained,
60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your
skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will,
at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages
containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could
potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and
personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on
exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer,
yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people
to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休彳段)as people find
time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their
skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will
be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.
K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career,
but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to
deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a
multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks
of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people
simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean
more possible sequences.
M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a
three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to
start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle
management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few
years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or
60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.
N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of
tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time
education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have
worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe
that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications.
Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer,
being older later, and being younger longer.
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 6 页 共 10页 by：光速考研36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.
37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.
38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight
years.
39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of
life of their parents or grandparents.
40. More people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.
41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.
42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.
43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental
and emotional well-being.
44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.
45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）.
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In the classic marriage vow （誓约），couples promise to stay together in sickness and in
health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the
wife-not the husband- becomes seriously ill.
“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves
struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,
said researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages
from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview,
at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The researchers examined how the onset （发生）of four serious physical illnesses
affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the
period studied. The incidence of new chronic 。慢，性的）illness onset increased over time as
well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.
“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,“
Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill,
they're more likely to get divorced.
While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 7 页 共 10页 by：光速考研become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social
expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick
spouses,Karraker said. <cAnd because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in
older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced
women.^^
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population,
Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and
risk of divorce.
"Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital
stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that
the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional
care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”
46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?
A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B) They are as binding as they used to be.
C) They are not taken seriously any more.
D) They may help couples tide over hard times.
47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
A) They are more likely to be widowed.
B) They are more likely to get divorced.
C) They are less likely to receive good care.
D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.
49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B) They find it more important to make money for the family.
C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
D) They expect society to do more of the job.
50. What does Karraker think is also important?
A) Reducing marital stress on wives.
B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.
C) Providing extra care for divorced women.
D) Making men pay for their wives' health costs.
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 8 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you
by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you
less?
Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming
the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with
how our memories classify and store familiar names.
The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that
the “wrong“ name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship
pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep
psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell
us who's in and who's out of the group.”
The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names
shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical
resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.
The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of
the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population.
Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them- family or friend- had
called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects
had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found
that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and
siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.
In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to
make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake
slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix
up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than
fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more
when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.
51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?
A) Unwanted. B) Unhappy. C) Confused. D) Indifferent.
52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?
A) It is related to the way our memories work.
B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.
C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.
D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 9 页 共 10页 by：光速考研53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?
A) Similar personality traits.
B) Similar spellings of names.
C) Similar physical appearance.
D) Similar pronunciation of names.
54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?
A) It more often than not hurts relationships.
B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.
C) It is most frequently found in extended families.
D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.
55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?
A) They suffer more frustrations.
B) They become worn out more often.
C) They communicate more with their children.
D) They generally take on more work at home.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件
狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。
狮子是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮
子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。
2019年6月英语四级真题第1套 第 10页 共 10页 by：光速考研2019年 06月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus
newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should
write at least 120 yvords but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you wi/l hear three news reports. At the end of each ne^s report,
you will hear two or three questions. Both the “ews report and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Question 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Heavy floods. C) Bad economy.
B) Safety concerns D) Workers9 strikes.
2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.
B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.
C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.
D) It plays an important role in the nation's economy.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.
B) To establish a new research station.
C) To rescue two sick American workers.
D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.
4. A) The darkness and cold. C) The biting winds.
B) The heavy snow and fog. D) The ice all around.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) By tying it to a door handle. C) With a remote control craft.
B) By shaking it back and forth. D) With a full-sized helicopter.
6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.
B) He has rich experience in flying.
C) He often suffers from toothaches.
D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.
7. A) Spend more time together.
B) Tell them adventure stories.
C) Do something fun and creative.
D) Play with them in a safe place.
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 1 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.
B) To collect a package from the woman.
C) To ask the woman to sign a document.
D) To arrange the delivery of a package.
9. A) She is doing shopping. C) She is not at home.
B) She is visiting a friend. D) She is not feeling well.
10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.
B) He will be working somewhere else.
C) He will have to have his car repaired.
D) He will be too busy to spare any time.
11. A) Sign her name. C) Pay a small fee.
B) Confirm online. D) Show up in person.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Vacation in Italy. C) Throw a farewell party.
B) Study abroad. D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.
13. A) Quite sleepy. C) Rather depressed.
B) Very excited. D) Nearly exhausted.
14. A) He has to attend a party. C) He has to make a presentation.
B) He has to meet a friend. D) He has to finish an assignment.
15. A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.
B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.
C) Drive the Woman to the airport.
D) Have lunch with the woman.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)
and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It has kept growing over the centuries.
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 2 页 共 10页 by：光速考研B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.
C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.
D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.
17. A) They are now a tourist destination.
B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.
C) They provide shelter for the farmers.
D) They make good fields for farming.
18. A) They nest on the volcano's slopes.
B) They feed on certain small mammals.
C) They compete with each other for food.
D) They match large mammals in strength.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) He is self-employed. C) He studies talent.
B) He is a career advisor. D) He owns a magazine.
20. A) Doing what they like best. C) Making no excuses for failures.
B) Loving the work they do. D) Following their natural instinct.
21. A) It does not come to anything without hard work.
B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.
C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.
D) It does not come to you until something special happens.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It is a bit difficult to learn.
B) It was popular in New Zealand.
C) It is a traditional type of ballet.
D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.
23. A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.
B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.
C) She hated to see her idling about.
D) She was too busy to look after her.
24. A) After she started teaching English.
B) Before she left for New Zealand.
C) When she moved to New York city.
D) Once she began to live on her own.
25. A) It has renewed her passion for life.
B) It has made her happy and energetic.
C) It has helped her make new friends.
D) It has enabled her to start a new career.
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 3 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't
have culture. There 9s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26
predators (食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the 27 of a cultured creature. However,
these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28 behaviors that appear to
be driving their genetic development.
The word “culture" comes from the Latin “colere,“ which 29 means “to cultivate.
In other words, it refers to anything that is 30 or learnt, rather than instinctive or
natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes
itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations
hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed
certain genetic 31 that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing
them to 32 in their cold climate.
Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 across the
globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that 34 from pole
to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting
techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey ( 猎物) .This, in turn,
has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35 that the ability to learn
population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals9 genetic development.
A) acquired I) image
B) adaptations J) literally
C) brutal K) refined
D) deliberately L) revolves
E) expressed M) speculate
F) extends N) structure
G) habitats 0) thrive
H) humble
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 4 页 共 10页 by：光速考研Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year-olds
A) Broad demographic (人 口 的 )shifts in marital status, educational attainment and
employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new
Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the
most basic element of their lives- where they call home. In 2014, for the first time in
more than 130 years, adults aged 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in
their parents' home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own
household.
B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young
Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back
to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living
with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of
arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation's 18-to 34-year-olds were
living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were
living with their parents.
C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own
household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14%
of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates.
The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a
grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄 弟 姐 妹 )，a non-relative, or in group quarters like
college dormitories.
D) It's worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was
not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35%
of the nation's 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in
2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of
living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home
to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.
E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men aged
18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living
arrangement since 2009, In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse of
partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s).
Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic
partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent (s) (29%).
F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 5 页 共 10页 by：光速考研household without a spouse or parther. This is mainly because women are more likely
than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men
(25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another
family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.
G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults
living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage.
The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing
share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research
Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-fbur of today's young adults may
never marry. While cohabitation (R ) has been on the rise, the overall share of young
adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since
1990.
H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the
growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is
especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at
home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen
significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960
at 84%, In 2014, only 71% of 18-to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with
earnings, young men's wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward
trajectory (轨迹)since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have
fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.
I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly
likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid
labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford
to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage- which
is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men- may explain more of the
increase in their living in the family home.
J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase
in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college
enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given
the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private
safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.
K) Beyond gender, young adult's living arrangements differ considerably by education——
which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of
2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic
partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor's
degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner.
Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only
19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared
much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 6 页 共 10页 by：光速考研turn made it easier to establish their own households.
36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.
37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than
that of their female counterparts.
38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly
decreased in the past three decades or so.
39. Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their
parents' home.
40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their
parents.
41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.
42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.
43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their
decreased pay in recent decades.
44. The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their
parents.
45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or
stay single all their lives.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or UYifinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good
political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate
boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership,
most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as
intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in
terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the
United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness,
management talent or proper skill sets.
It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous
survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it
harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 7 页 共 10页 by：光速考研few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership
roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why
there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about fbur-in-ten Americans point to a double
standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business,
where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar
shares say the electorate (选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more
women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America
will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the
workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in
business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top
executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73%
expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research
Center survey?
A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
47. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?
A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
48. What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions
according to the recent survey?
A) Personality traits.
B) Gender bias.
C) Family responsibilities.
D) Lack of vacancies.
49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?
A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 8 页 共 10页 by：光速考研A) A woman in the highest position of government.
B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C) A majority of women voting for a female president.
D) As many women in top government positions as men.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up
by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at
the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914,
Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm.
Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world
a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the
global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An
individuaPs genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole
populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial
College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,“ he said. "This is largely
due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people.”
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north
and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and
Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height
decreasing among 18-year-olds.
“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,“ said
Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that
followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers
failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications.
“How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,^^ he said.
“If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more
productive for decades to come.^^
51. What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?
A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.
B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.
C) The increase in people's height has been quickening.
D) The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 9 页 共 10页 by：光速考研52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?
A) It counts less than generally thought.
B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.
C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.
D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.
53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?
A) They tend to live longer.
B) They enjoy an easier life.
C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.
D) They have greater expectations in life.
54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?
A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.
B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.
C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.
D) They have experienced many changes of government.
55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?
A) Watch closely the global trend in children's development.
B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.
C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.
D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。
从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和
尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节
和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。
2019年6月英语四级真题第2套 第 10页 共 10页 by：光速考研2019年 06月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套）
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus
newspaper on a visit to a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly
people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 -words but no more than 180 -words.
Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）
淘宝店铺【光速考研工作室】温馨提示：由于2019年 6 月四级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真
题听力与前2 套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
wordf or each blankf rom a list of choices given in a yvord bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the 'words in the bank more than once.
Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs （暗礁、）perfect for scuba diving
（水肺式潜泳）and preserving marine 26 Turkish authorities have just sunk something
a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300.
The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment
and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect
skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will
bring tourists to the area.
The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers
will 30 be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane5s 31 . Aydin
Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $100,000, but
they hope to see a return on that 32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout
Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly
terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk
aircraft ever.
Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an
adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make
people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial
Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise （天堂）.
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 1 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研A) create I) intentionally
B) depressed J) investment
C) eventually K) revealing
D) experiences L) stretches
E) exploring M) stripped
F) exterior N) territory
G) habitats 0) victim
H) innovate
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage 'with ten statements attached to
each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each paragraph is marked yvith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It
A) We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of
America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include
glasses, innovative stoves and more.
B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an
exception when it comes to American making and creativity.
C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon
Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, Which was
founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members 一
including guys named Jobs and Wozniak - started making and inventing things they
couldn't buy.
D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and
some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied
to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy
echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek
philosophers, as we pointed out recently.
E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important
educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which
is Dewey5s phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori
and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 2 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a
classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and
materials. Ifs a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what
you5re learning to do.
F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally,
despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the
American Context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's
not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error.
Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very
individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where
everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by
doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the
world of testing.
G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has
grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning
is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference
lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether
it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to
learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.
H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head 一 or you
just borrow it from someone一and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then,
realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can
share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person,
their ideas, and their interactions with the world.
I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize (使变得无足轻重)making.
The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating
whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws,
the cardboard tubes.
J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn5t
have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn
concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build
upon their interest. It5s to let them be in control and to drive the car.
K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this
work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they
have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are
responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other
students in the class to help get an answer.
L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 3 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研this is a diminished role fbr teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this
environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are
watching them and really it's the human behaviors you5re looking at. Are they engaged?
Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they
need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?
M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it
enables us to be good learners. Ifs not the knowledge that is valuable; it5s the practice
of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that
you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems,
more challenging problems一problems that require many people instead of one person,
and many skills instead of one.
N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an
educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple
subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is
how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than
saying, "This is science, over here is history； I see schools taking this idea of projects
and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?
O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more
experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting
around not what kids learn but how they learn.
36. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.
37. The teachers5 role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate
during the process.
38. Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the
concept of making.
39. Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.
40. America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.
41. Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.
42. Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students
themselves.
43. The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.
44. The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.
45. Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something
meaningless to them based on textbooks.
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 4 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
-with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to
unlearn that training 一 this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community
organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on
Governor's Island.
The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and
artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013.
“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island fbr
other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there— Alexandra Chas in, artistic director of
Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian.com.
The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone
from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a
variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art.
This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to
one that explores the meaning of exile.
Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military
purposes. Now known as "New York's shared space for art and play；' the island, which lies
between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to
summer tourists who flock fbr festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these "legal
graffiti (涂鸦)“Sessions.
The notes and art scribbled(涂画) on the walls are an experiment in self-expression.
So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the
work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of
the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.
“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and
black girls/5 says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of
those killed because of it. "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages/5
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 5 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研46. What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?
A) Unlearn their training in drawing.
B) Participate in a state graffiti show.
C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.
D) Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.
47. What do we learn about the participants in the project?
A) They are just culture addicts.
B) They are graffiti enthusiasts.
C) They are writers and artists.
D) They are mostly passers-by.
48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?
A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.
B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.
C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.
D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.
49. What kind of place is Governor's Island?
A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.
B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.
C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.
D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.
50. What does Chasin say about the project?
A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females.
B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.
C) It has started the career of many creative artists.
D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 6 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they
sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily
because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.
The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的)behavioral therapy (CBT)
and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients
receive from a primary care doctor.
Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping
people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their
mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with
the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.
A team of researchers from the University of Y ork conducted a randomized (随机的)
control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The
patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician
while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two
computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups fbr age,
sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of
antidepressants (抗抑郁药).
After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no
improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from
their doctors.
“It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea
that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists,55 says Christopher Dowrick, a
professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the
human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.
Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world/5
Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly
important in combating that sense of isolation. "When you5re emotionally vulnerable,
you're even more in need of a caring human being he says.
51 . What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?
A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.
B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.
C) They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.
D) They have been well received by a lot of patients.
52 .What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?
A) Their effectiveness in combating depression.
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 7 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研B) The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.
C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.
D) The recommendation by primary care doctors.
53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?
A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.
B) The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.
C) The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.
D) Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.
54. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?
A) They should not be neglected in primary care.
B) Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.
C) They should be used by strictly following instructions.
D) Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.
55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?
A) A positive state of mind.
B) Appropriate medication.
C) Timely encouragement.
D) Human interaction.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继
纸张发明之后。从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸
和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在
婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。
2019年6月英语四级真题第3套 第 8 页 共 8 页 by：光速考研Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to
/
teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
I
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.
2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer. C) It became a great attraction for tourists.
B) It found its way back to the park's zoo. D) It was sent to the animal control department.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It is the largest of its kind. C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.
B) It is going to be expanded. D) It is starting an online exhibition.
4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia. C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.
B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits. D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Pick up trash. C) Deliver messages.
B) Amuse visitors. D) Play with children.
6. A) They are especially intelligent. C) They are quite easy to tame.
B) They are children's favorite. D) They are clean and pretty.
7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. C) Children may contract bird diseases.
B) Children may be tempted to drop litter. D) Children may overfeed the rooks.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
Im� 2019 � 12 � 1hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Qaestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University. C) It will cover different areas of science.
B) It will be hosted by famous professors. D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
9. A) It will be more futuristic. C) It will be more entertaining.
B) It will be more systematic. D) It will be easier to understand.
10. A) People interested in science. C) Children in their early teens.
B) Youngsters eager to explore. D) Students majoring in science.
11. A) Offer professional advice. C) Help promote it on the Internet.
B) Provide financial support. D) Make episodes for its first season.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Unsure. B) Helpless. C) Concerned. D) Dissatisfied.
13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect. C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.
B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks. D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.
14. A) Embarrassed. B) Unconcerned. C) Miserable. D) Resentful.
15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens. C) Always learn from others' achievements.
B) Compare his present with his past only. D) Treat others the way he would be treated.
Section C
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.
C) They are more likely to become engineers.
D) They have greater potential to be leaders.
17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.
18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials. C) Place great emphasis on test scores.
B) Provide a variety of optional courses. D) Pay extra attention to top students.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It often rains cats and dogs. C) It does not rain as much as people think.
B) It seldom rains in summer time. D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.
四级2019年12月 220. A) They drive most of the time. C) They have got used to the rain.
B) The rain is usually very light. D) The rain comes mostly at night.
21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.
B) It has never seen thunder and lightning.
C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.
D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.
B) It results from exerting one's muscles continuously.
C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.
D) It comes from straining one's muscles in an unusual way.
23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.
B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.
C) They begin to make repairs immediately.
D) They gradually become fragmented.
24. A) About one week. B) About two days. C) About ten days. D) About four weeks.
25. A) Apply muscle creams. C) Have a hot shower.
B) Drink plenty of water. D) Take pain-killers.
Part K Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water?
Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a
bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is 27 , and the label
says “pure water”. But maybe what's inside is not so 28 Would you still be drinking it if you knew
that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29 microplastics?
That's the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in
nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics
included a 32 commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food
and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb
Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty
tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.
Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola
undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did
contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health
四级2019年12月 3Organisation has launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.
A) adequate F) instant K) released
B) admiring G) liquid L) revealing
C) contains H) modified M) sealed
D) defending I) natural N) solves
E) evidence J) potential O) substance
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The quiet heroism of mail delivery
A) On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of
21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica (南极洲),Alaska» and
the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees
below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota according to the National Weather Service. Schools,
9
restaurants and businesses closed and more than 1,000 flights were canceled.
9 9
B) Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery. “Due to this arctic outbreak
and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,“ USPS announced Wednesday morning, “the Postal
Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations.w Twelve regions were listed
as unsafe on Wednesday； on Thursday, eight remained.
C) As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone,
wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least
$ 49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still
confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017,s Hurricane Maria.
Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years.
Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.
D) Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机)caught footage (连续
镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van,
collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking： The operation is familiar but the scene looks
9
like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national­
preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick
up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. "I followed my
route like I normally do,“ Smith told a reporter. "As I came across a box that was up but with no
house, I checked, and there was mail- outgoing mail—in it. And so I picked those up and carried on. ”
E) USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-
management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework
known as the three Ps： people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the
agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure,
四级2019年12月 4such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations.
If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to
Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in
Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it
would be protected from water damage.
F) As soon as it's safe enough to be outside couriers (邮递员)start distributing accumulated mail on the
9
still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with
their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of
locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.
G) Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493. 4 million pieces of mail- anything from postcards to
Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is
important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January
2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online which means that just under half of payments still rely on
9
delivery services to be completed.
H) It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but
USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social
Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely
fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local
election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.
I) Mail companies are logistics (物流)companies which puts them in a special position to help when
9
disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a
“unique federal asset“ to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. "I think we're unique as a
federal agency,“ USPS official Mike Swigart told me, abecause we're in literally every community in
this country... We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.
J) Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help
revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade FedEx has supported the American
9
Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters both domestically and
9
internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve
Corps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping
globally. Last October, the company pledged $ 1 million in cash and transportation support for
Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS's charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company's
logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. "We realize that as a company with people, trucks,
warehouses we needed to play a larger role,“ said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS
9
Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The
day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael
in Florida with the American Red Cross. "We have an obligation to make sure our communities are
thriving,“ he said.
K) Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning
to a normal life can be difficult but some small routines- mail delivery being one of them- may help
9
residents remember that their communities are still their communities. "When they see that carrier
四级2019年12月 5back out on the street,“ Swigart said, “that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to
normal.w
36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.
37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other
federal agencies.
38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.
39. Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.
40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.
41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.
42. Postal service in some regions in the U. S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.
43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.
44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.
45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.
Section C
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help
handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial
Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in
Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough
to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.
Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel
isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins
to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a
virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.
Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums.
At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum
to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to
feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to
answer the students, questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and
realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial
intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn\ tell it apart from a real human being.
Goel didn't inform them about JilFs true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive
about the experience.
The goal of Professor GoeFs virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the
questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to
something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial
intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.
四级2019年12月 646. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?
A) It is a robot that can answer students5 questions.
B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.
C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.
D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.
47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?
A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.
B) His course was too difficult for the students.
C) Students5 questions were too many to handle.
D) Too many students dropped out of his course.
48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?
A) She turned out to be a great success. C) She was unwelcome to students at first.
B) She got along pretty well with students. D) She was released online as an experiment.
49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?
A) They thought she was a bit too artificial. C) They could not but admire her knowledge.
B) They found her not as capable as expected. D) They could not tell her from a real person.
50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?
A) Launch different versions of her online.
B) Feed her with new questions and answers.
C) Assign her to answer more of students, questions.
D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits
of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400
campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.
Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for
everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet
donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of
reaching even modest targets.
To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science
communications scholar Mike Schafer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages
for 371 recent campaigns.
Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public
Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for
science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as
Experiment, com and Petridish, org only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project
with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with
potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they
四级2019年12月 7target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $ 4,000 on average, with 30%
receiving less than $ 1,000. The more money a project sought the lower the chance it reached its goal
9 9
the researchers found.
Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success most notably, the size of a scientist's
9
personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those
two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of
researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel a connection to the person”
who is doing the fundraising- not necessarily to the science.
51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?
A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.
B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.
C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.
D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.
52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer^ research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?
A) To create attractive content for science websites.
B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.
C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.
D) To separate science projects from general ones.
53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?
A) The potential benefit to future generations. C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.
B) Its interaction with prospective donors. D) The value of the proposed project.
54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?
A) They should be small to be successful.
B) They should be based on actual needs.
C) They should be assessed with great care.
D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.
55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?
A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.
B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.
C) The significance and influence of the project itself.
D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非
常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革
开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际交流项目,以拓宽其视野。通过这些努力，他们期望
孩子健康成长,为国家的发展和繁荣作出贡献。
四级2019年12月 82019年 1 2 月大学英语四级考试真题(二)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to
learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
words.
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
C) There is discrimination against male nurses.
D) The number of male nurses has gone down.
2. A) Cultural bias. C) Educational system.
B) Inadequate pay. D) Working conditions.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat. C) He was almost drowned.
B) He lost his way on a beach. D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.
4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort.
B) The emergency services are efficient.
C) The beach is a good place to watch the tide.
D) The lifeboats patrol the area round the clock.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) It became an online star. C) It escaped from a local zoo.
B) It broke into an office room. D) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
6. A) Send it back to the zoo. C) Return it to its owner.
B) Release it into the wild. D) Give it a physical checkup.
7. A) A raccoon can perform acts no human can.
B) A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.
C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.
D) The raccoon did something no politician could.
四级2019年12月 24Section B
Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions wll be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) She got a well-paying job in a bank. C) She received her first monthly salary.
B) She received a bonus unexpectedly. D) She got a pay raise for her performance.
9. A) Several years ago. C) Right after graduation.
B) Two decades ago. D) Just last month.
10. A) He sent a small check to his parents. C) He immediately deposited it in a bank.
B) He took a few of his friends to a gym. D) He treated his parents to a nice meal.
11. A) Buy some professional clothes. C) Join her colleagues for gym exercise.
B) Budget her salary carefully. D) Visit her former university campus.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He has a difficult decision to make. C) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.
B) He has been overworked recently. D) He has just too many things to attend to.
13. A) Give priority to things more urgent. C) Think twice before making the decision.
B) Turn to his girlfriend for assistance. D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.
14. A) His parents and advisor have different opinions.
B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.
C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.
D) His girlfriend does not support his decision.
15. A) They need time to make preparations. C) They haven't started their careers yet.
B) They need to save enough money for it. D) They haven't won their parents, approval.
Section C
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the pass^e you have just heard.
16. A) Acquiring information and professional knowledge.
B) Using information to understand and solve problems.
C) Enriching social and intellectual lives.
D) Expressing ideas and opinions freely.
17. A) Improving mind-reading strategies.
B) Reading classic scientific literature.
C) Playing games that challenge one's mind.
D) Traveling to different places in the world.
18. A) Give others freedom to express themselves.
B) Expose themselves to different cultures.
四级2019年 12月 25C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.
D) Participate in debates or discussions.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the pass^e you have just heard.
19. A) The nature of relationships between dogs.
B) The reason a great many people love dogs.
C) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.
D) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.
20. A) They have an unusual sense of responsibility.
B) They can respond to humans, questions.
C) They can fall in love just like humans.
D) They behave like other animals in many ways.
21. A) They have their own joys and sorrows.
B) They experience true romantic love.
C) They help humans in various ways.
D) They stay with one partner for life.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) A cow bone. C) A historical site.
B) A rare animal. D) A precious stone.
23. A) Measuring it. C) Dating it.
B) Preserving it. D) Identifying it.
24. A) The site should have been protected.
B) The boy's family had acted correctly.
C) The boy should have called an expert.
D) The channel needs to interview the boy.
25. A) Search for similar fossils elsewhere. C) Conduct a more detailed search.
B) Ask the university to reward Jude. D) Seek additional funds for the search.
Part H Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are
unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道)viruses
27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a
passenger with the flu, for example--or one row in front of or behind that individual- had a high risk of
catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick, according to
the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 information about the risk of getting
infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel
less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.
四级2019年12月 26Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common
respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32
the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the U. S. during the flu season.
The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on 34 side of a person infected with
the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent
chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than
3 percent chance of catching the flu.
A) accurate F) explorations K) slim
B) conclusion G) flights L) spread
C) directly H) largely M) summit
D) either I) nearby N) vividly
E) evaluate J) respond O) vulnerable
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?
A) Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision“ and uSanta doesn't bring toys to misbehaving
children"，one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most
important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake,
even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic
Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.
B) “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,“ explains diet specialist
Sarah Elder. "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and
calcium used throughout the night." But there's widespread disagreement over whether breakfast
should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等级)of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar
content of cereal and the food industry's involvement in pro-breakfast research—and even one claim
from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.
C) What's the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies?
The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity.
Scientists have different theories as to why there's a relationship between the two. In one US study
that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who
made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI)
than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily
calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet- since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and
nutrients.
D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause- or if breakfast-skippers were
just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52
obese women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over
四级2019年12月 27the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn't
breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight： it was changing their normal routine.
E) If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast­
skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues
that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about
nutrition and health. "There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and
possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have
health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,“ she says.
F) A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management
concluded there is “limited evidencesupporting or refuting (反 驳 )the argument that breakfast
influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can
be used to help prevent obesity.
G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research
looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest
that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than
just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21%
higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason
may be breakfast's nutritional value—partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值)with vitamins.
In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre
and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar
findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A
review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other
brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel,
says there is “reasonable“ evidence breakfast does improve concentration- there just needs to be more
research. "Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was
exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,“ she says. "And no studies found that eating
breakfast was bad for concentration.w
I) What's most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been
found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day,
according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a
recent investigation into the sugar content of 'adult' breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain
more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar
was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early. One study
recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their
breakfast, and half didn't. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more- however, the
study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus
yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn't matter as
much as simply eating something.
K) While there's no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is
四级2019年12月 28that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we're hungry. "Breakfast is most important for
people who are hungry when they wake up,“ Johnstone says. "Each body starts the day differently-
and those individual differences need to be researched more closely,“ Spitznagel says. "A balanced
breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave
blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,“ says Elder.
“Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting right. ”
36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.
37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.
38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some
countries.
40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight
loss.
41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.
42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.
43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.
44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.
45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.
Section C
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) B), C) and D). You should decide on the
9
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $ 8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher
Pearson is the largest publisher- of any kind- in the world.
It costs about $ 1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of
contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and
classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that
alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection
happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences
where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.
It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses largely due to students renting or
9
buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books- which
has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in
order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.
While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over
the centuries, they have simulated (模拟)dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the present day,
textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳，性地).That means
students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today's
psychology texts, for example, ask： ”How much of your personality do you think you inherited?” while
四级2019年12月 29 ,ones in physics say： ”How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?”
Experts observe that atextbooks come in layers, something like an onion.w For an active learner,
engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They
“customize“ their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog­
ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital
forms of books.
46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?
A) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.
B) They don't profit as much as traditional textbooks do.
C) They can't connect professors and students as textbooks do.
D) They compete fiercely for customers with textbook producers.
47. What is the main cause of the publishers, losses?
A) Failure to meet student need. C) Emergence of e-books.
B) Industry restructuring. D) Falling sales.
48. What does the textbook industry need to do?
A) Reform its structures. C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.
B) Cut its retail prices. D) Change its business strategy periodically.
49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?
A) Think carefully before answering each question.
B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.
C) Answer questions using their personal experience.
D) Give answers showing their respective personality.
50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?
A) They can digitalize the prints easily. C) They can purchase customized versions.
B) They can learn in an interactive way. D) They can adapt the material themselves.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct
groups： one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those
dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug (海始蛤)that's truly half animal and
half plant. It's pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类)on which it
feeds.
The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素)in plants that captures energy from
sunlight, and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of
using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known
animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like
behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create
energy from sunlight.
In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations. Their
babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can't generate energy from sunlight
until they've eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can't yet produce on their own.
“There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,“ says Sidney
四级2019年12月 30Pierce from the University of South Florida. "And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on
sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving to
death until they find more algae to eat.”
The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months
without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they've hijacked
from the algae.
51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?
A) It looks like both a plant and an animal.
B) It converts some sea animals into plants.
C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.
D) It gets energy from both food and sunlight.
52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?
A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.
B) The mechanism by which it conserves energy.
C) The nutrients it hijacks from other species.
D) The green pigment it inherits from its ancestors.
53. What does the author say about baby sea slugs?
A) They can live without sunlight for a long time.
B) They can absorb sunlight right after their birth.
C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.
D) They can produce chlorophyll on their own.
54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an alga?
A) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.
B) They can't function unless exposed to sunlight.
C) They don't usually function inside animal cells.
D) They can readily be converted to sea slug genes.
55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?
A) They behave the way most plant species do.
B) They can survive for months without eating.
C) They will turn into plants when they mature.
D) They will starve to death without sunlight.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于
这个传统,许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天,这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多
年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇
也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
四级2019年12月 312019年 1 2 月大学英语四级考试真题(三)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to
study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
180 words.
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说明：由于2019年 12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不
同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part JI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you're planning on being one of them soon, you
might not be looking forward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with.
Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects on the body.
Although the pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, you could still 28
sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at
6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain 30 To
help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.
Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathe in a plane
dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods
dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active
again by drinking water. A dry mouth may 32 taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking
fluids.
Although in-flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick
from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unless you're sitting next to someone
who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn't worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have
been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands 35
四级2019年12月 47A) adjusted F) frequently K) reduce
B) channels G) individuals L) renovated
C) equivalent H) originally M) smooth
D) experience I) particular N) thrive
E) filters J) primarily O) unpleasant
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own
A) Getting around a city is one thing- and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another.
One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a
University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called
Aerotropolis ： The Way We9ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around
or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses urapid, long-distance connectivity on
a massive scale.w
B) “The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的)century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th
century a highway, car, truck century- and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century,
as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,“ Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in
South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. "From the
outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,99 says Kasarda. "The
government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District.
And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport.w
C) Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽).But
it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an
"international business district” doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想)this
city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty
years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in
the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on
former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well
as a park, golf course and university.
D) Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to
come out of South Korea. "Gangnam Style“ refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But
some of the video was filmed in Songdo. "I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway
station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,“ says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban
development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new
and nice. ”
E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But
四级2019年 12月 48that's not how it has turned out. SongdoJs reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is
more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of
the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a
7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.
F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in
the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate
association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says
demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer
says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools
are great. And that's the problem： Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a
residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners
imagined. "It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work,“ says Scott Summers,
vice-president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his
company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing.
Shimmering (闪烁的)glass towers line the canaFs edge.
G) “What's happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live
here,“ Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here.
The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic.
There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly.
Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise
classes.
H) But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. "I'm, like, in prison for
weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace,“ says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use
her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm
prison-breaking on Friday nights.But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no
high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.
I) Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South
Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good
driver to accelerate.w But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with
futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.
J) Songdo^ backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up- about 70 percent of
finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves
a universal principle. uThere have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的)cities in history. And the reason
we don't know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely.w In other words, when it comes
to cities- or anything else- it is hard to predict the future.
36. Songdo^ popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.
37. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.
38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.
39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.
40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.
四级2019年12月 4941. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.
42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.
43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.
44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen in
the future.
45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
Section C
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents
per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar
initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside
super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley,
California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as
9
Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $ 410 million over the next five years, most of which will go
toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure,
including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,“ said
Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against
the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal
action to stop it.”
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $ 4 million on advertisements. The ads
criticized the measure, characterizing it as a ugrocery tax. ”
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues
that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a
product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in
those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,“ said Jim Krieger, executive director of
Healthy Food America. uIndeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'just Berkeley
anymore.w
Similar measures in California^ Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are
becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.
四级2019年 12月 50C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
A) Bargain with the city council.
B) Refuse to pay additional tax.
C) Take legal action against it.
D) Try to win public support.
48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.
B) It tried to win grocers, support against the measure.
C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.
D) It criticized the measure through advertising.
49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.
D) Benefit low-income people across the country.
50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?
A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.
B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.
C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.
D) They are taking away a lot of profit from the soda industry.
Pass衅 Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's
stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found.
And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status“ items, owners
are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves
which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CQ- the main greenhouse gas
responsible for climate change- at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is
electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,“ say the authors.
The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those
from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving
consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way
by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a
great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are
around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent
data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO in 2015. This is 10 times the
2
四级2019年12月 51amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the
EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common
kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and
finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
51. What is the finding of the new study?
A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
C) CO emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
2
D) The use of microwaves emits more CO than people think.
2
52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A) They are becoming more affordable.
B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
C) They are getting much easier to operate.
D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.
53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A) Cooking food of different varieties.
B) Improving microwave users5 habits.
C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.
D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.
54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
C) The UK produces less CO than many other countries in the EU.
2
D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.
B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.
C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.
D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一
直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子
的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母
非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。
四级2019年12月 52Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps. You
can start your essay with the sentence "The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular." You
should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Watch the weather forecast. C) Avoid travel on Wednesday.
B) Evacuate the area with the orange alert. D) Prepare enough food and drink.
2. A) Pay more attention to the roads. C) Bring more mobile phones.
B) Stay at a safer place. D) Take a train home.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) There is only one ecosystem in Europe.
B) Romania's wetlands thrive again.
C) The wildlife in Romania isn't well protected.
D) There are 200 species of birds in Romania's wetlands.
4. A) Block the waterways. C) Use monitoring equipment.
B) Restore the fishing ban. D) Prohibit fishing in the next 10 years.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) He had a car accident. C) He had a heart attack.
B) He attended his graduation ceremony. D) He gave a performance in the auditorium.
6. A) What happened to him. C) When the graduation ceremony was.
B) What date it was. D) Where he was.
7. A) He was really touched by his classmates. C) He couldn't remember what to say.
B) He didn't know what happened at all. D) His parents wore caps and gowns.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
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Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 1Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) Her children's disruption. C) A sense of isolation.
B) Quiet atmosphere. D) Longer working hours.
9. A) It doesn't offer coffee. C) It doesn't have free Wi-Fi.
B) It's too quiet. D) It lacks the material he needs.
10. A) The sense of being out in the world. C) The coffee table.
B) The coffee it provides. D) The comfortable working condition.
11. A) People don't order anything.
B) People bring their laptops and paperwork.
C) People occupy valuable table space in quiet times.
D) People of two occupy a table for six.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) She is not satisfied with the salary.
B) She is not capable of the job.
C) She often works overtime.
D) She's received a job offer from another company.
13. A) They may be considered as less loyal.
B) They won't get the promotion opportunities.
C) They should take more responsibility at work.
D) They will be given hiring priority.
14. A) She might have to do extra work everyday. C) She might not get enough vacation.
B) She might not get a pay rise. D) She might not gain more experience.
15. A) Experience. C) Fortune.
B) Confidence. D) Opportunity.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B) , C ) and D ) . Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It's a horrible feeling. C) It's boring and dangerous.
B) It can be a blessing. D) It's the most comfortable state.
17. A) To be active.
B) To meet up with your friends.
C) To travel abroad.
D) To seek advice from others.
18. A) It provides a chance for people to think deeply.
B) It makes us treasure the time.
C) It enables one to identify true friends.
D) It helps us take care of problems more efficiently.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) He is a harsh person. C) He is very demanding in his work.
B) He is mean to others. D) He usually works very late.
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 220. A) He moved out and divorced.
B) It was plagued by drugs and gang violence.
C) He lived there for 20 years.
D) His parents would move into his new house.
21. A) He was only responsible for unloading food. C) It was a hard and tedious job.
B) He had to sign his name on every label. D) He was required to work at Friday night.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) By recording the time people spend on TV.
B) By tracking people's living habits.
C) By using memory and fluency tests.
D) By scanning people's brains.
23. A) Watching television for hours. C) Reading books and magazines.
B) Playing video games. D) Surfing the Internet.
24. A) Television viewing may be a potential factor for Alzheimer's disease.
B) Alzheimer's patients tend to watch television more than 3 hours a day.
C) Some research has confirmed the link between them.
D) Television watching is beneficial to Alzheimer's patients.
25. A) Watch television no more than 3 hours each day.
B) Balance television viewing with other contrasting activities.
C) Watch some educational TV programs.
D) Take more physical exercise.
Part ][ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
"Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated. " Those were the words uttered by
pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be
26 to all.
As a woman working in the first half of the 20th century, Franklin's contributions to some of the
greatest scientific discoveries of our time including the structure of DNA-were sadly 27 in her
----
lifetime.
More than 60 years after Franklin's death, we are living in a different world, where
--28- -
women play an important part in every echelon ( M--/l,.) of our society-not least in science, innovation,
higher education and research. UK universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and
29 gender equality.
In the past decade, we have seen a 30 increase in England in the number of women accepted
----
on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem subjects). And
in the last academic year, women 31 for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK
universities.
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 3Data shows us the 32 to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go.
Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities, just under half of academic
staff are female. At 33 levels, only a quarter of professors are women, and black women make up
less than 2% of all female academic staff.
There are also stark differences in pay across grades. The gender pay gap based on median salaries
across the sector in 2016 -201 7 was 13. 7 % , 34 there is still some way to go to ensure women are
rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid 35
A) accessible F) effective K) promoting
B) accounted G) ladder L) senior
C) adaptation H) misread M) submission
D) appropriately I) nomination N) suggesting
E) considerable J) overlooked 0) thankfully
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How to Eat Well
A) Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk O.iJ.&.)
and should really carry warning labels?
B) It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and
there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the US as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack
of available information. There are plenty of recipes ( 1:-iif-), how-to videos and cooking classes available to
anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.
C) And yet we aren't cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get
at least a third of your daily calories ( -f � £) outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once
a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks. So we're eating out or taking in, and we
don't sit down-or we do, but we hurry.
D) Shouldn't preparing-and consuming-food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation,
sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource Ur�) this basic
task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?
E) When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science
projects. I'm talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those
lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need
to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.
F) Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans
say they enjoy cooking and 30% "love it"; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won't go
near the stove at all. But this doesn't necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey
shouldn't surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third
of young people do.
G) Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night. The intention
to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn't afford to do
otherwise.
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 4H) Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn't boom until televisions became
popular a decade or so later. Since then, packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what's for dinner. The
microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts ( 111t Jr� ) , but the big food companies-which
want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking-made the home cook an endangered
species.
I) Still, I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn't this
the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation
who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values
of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.
J) There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their
processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant­
based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government's
standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we're not eating
the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.
K) To help quantify ( i 1t) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most
famous food, the burger Ux..1!�). I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset C.:f�)jlf) by
the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.
L) Cooking real food is the best defense-not to mention that any meal you're likely to eat at home contains
about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.
M) To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook
it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that's where fresh
produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don't need local,
organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I'm not saying local food isn't better; it is. But there is plenty
of decent food in the grocery stores.
N) The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still
produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added
salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur
in nature? It's pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable foodlike objects.
0) You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than half
of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooking skills as advanced,
the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice. There's nothing mysterious about
cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner.
Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills.
Someday you won't even need recipes. My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and
ingredients, because they can be deceiving.
P) Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your priorities to find
time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you're
standing at the sink. No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on
TV, try cooking instead.
36. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.
37. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 538. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.
39. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.
40. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
41. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.
42. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.
43. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.
44. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.
45. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who
read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in
return-now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a
pint of milk, from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is
increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most
cutting-edge retail stores-Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance-you don't go and stand at any
kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment
while you relax on a sofa.
Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the
abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old-fashioned. But earning money isn't
quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (!1£Htl) of an
eye? Doesn't a wallet-that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness-represent
something that matters?
But I'll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the
change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet-the way
the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver,
and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets-is the very opposite of what our world is
becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth
�r
and unknowable as a pebble ( � ;G ) . Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into
corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still
have one. It may not be here much longer.
46. What is happening to the wallet?
A) It is disappearing. C) It is becoming costly.
B) It is being fattened. D) It is changing in style.
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 647 . How are business transactions done in big modern stores?
A) Individually. C) In the abstract.
B) Electronically. D) Via a cash register.
48. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?
A) Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.
B) The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.
C) Earning money is getting more difficult.
D) Spending money is so fast and easy.
49. Why does the author choose to write about what's happening to the wallet?
A) It represents a change in the modern world.
B) It has something to do with everybody's life.
C) It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.
D) It is the concern of contemporary economists.
50. What can we infer from the passage about the author?
A) He is resistant to social changes.
B) He is against technological progress.
C) He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.
D) He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
It's late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You're done for the day.
What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues-in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship
between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre
imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is
associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there's some truth to the popular
notion that we're "getting" a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What's more, researchers
are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what
we learn.
While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during
waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural Ut � �) virtual reality. A vivid
example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught
a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper
engages in the kind physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep. They then videotaped
the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs the dance
moves she learned earlier.
This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what's important from the
information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what
Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 7we already know. In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students
who dreamed about a computer maze (i!. 't) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their
ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or
taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the
material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.
51. What is scientists' finding about dreaming?
A) It involves disconnected, weird images.
B) It resembles fragments of science fiction.
C) Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.
D) Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one's sleep.
52. What happens when one enters a dream state?
A) The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.
B) The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.
C) The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.
D) The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.
53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?
A) It systematizes all the data collected during the day.
B) It substitutes old information with new data.
C) It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
D) It classifies information and places it in different files.
54. What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning?
A) Having a little sleep after studying in the day.
B) Staying up late before going to bed.
C) Having a dream about anything.
D) Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material.
55. What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage?
A) We may enhance our learning through dreaming.
B) Dreaming improves your language ability.
C) All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping.
D) Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze.
Part N Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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Im� 2020 1f 7 J=I 82020年 09月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online libraries. You
can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular".
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,
you will hear two or three questions. Both the “ews report and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic. C) Exhaust from cars in Europe.
B) Warm currents in the ocean. D) Particles emitted by power plants.
2. A) They need to be taken seriously.
B) They have a huge effect on fishery.
C) They might be causing trouble to air flights.
D) They may be affecting the world's climate.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To appeal for higher wages. C) To call for a permanent security guard.
B) To demand better health care. D) To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.
4. A) It had already taken strong action. C) It would take their appeal seriously.
B) It would put customers9 needs first. D) It was seeking help from the police.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) The road was flooded. C) The road was frozen with snow.
B) The road was blocked. D) The road was covered with spilled gas.
6. A) A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.
B) The heavy snow made driving very difficult.
C) The truck driver dozed off while driving.
D) A truck hit a barrier and overturned.
7. A) It was a long time before the cleanup was finished.
B) It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.
C) It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.
D) It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 1 页 共 10页 by:光速考研Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) She wanted to save for a new phone.
B) She found it much safer to use cash.
C) She could enjoy discounts with cash.
D) She had been cheated using phone apps.
9. A) They can save a lot more time and trouble.
B) They find it less difficult to make purchases.
C) They derive greater pleasure from buying things.
D) They are less aware of the value of their money.
10. A) More valuable items. C) Everyday necessities.
B) More non-essential things. D) Electronic devices.
11. A) It can improve shopping efficiency. C) It may lead to excessive spending.
B) It is altering the way of shopping. D) It appeals more to younger people.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He wanted to order some wooden furniture.
B) He had to change the furniture delivery time.
C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.
D) He wanted the furniture store to give him a refund.
13. A) Send the furniture back to the store. C) Collect the furniture he ordered.
B) Describe the furniture he received. D) Buy another brand of furniture.
14. A) Correct their mistake. C) Apologize to his wife.
B) Improve their service. D) Give the money back.
15. A) She recommended a new style.
B) She offered some gift to the man.
C) She apologized to the man once more.
D) She checked all the items with the man.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),
C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the centre.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 2 页 共 10页 by:光速考研Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Reading books of wisdom. C) Sharing with others.
B) Tidying up one's home. D) Donating to charity.
17. A) Things that make one happy. C) Things that occupy little space.
B) Things that are becoming rare. D) Things that cost a lot of money.
18. A) It joined the city's clean-up campaign.
B) It sold as many as fifty boxes of books.
C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.
D) It did little business because of the unusual cold weather.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.
B) Provide shelter for the homeless.
C) Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.
D) Call for change in the local government.
20. A) Strengthen co-operation. C) Win national support.
B) Promote understanding. D) Following his example.
21. A) Spreading news of his deeds.
B) Writing him thank-you notes.
C) Following the example he sets.
D) Sending him hand-made bags.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) To solve word search puzzles.
B) To send smartphone messages.
C) To test their eyesight using a phone app.
D) To install some audio equipment in a lab.
23. A) They could not go on until the ringing stopped.
B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.
C) They grabbed the phone and called back right away.
D) They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.
24. A) A rise in emotional problems.
B) A decline in sports activities.
C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.
D) A decline in academic performance.
25. A) Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.
B) Take effective measures to raise productivity.
C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.
D) Ensure they have sufficient sleep every day.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 3 页 共 10页 by:光速考研Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
There're three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is
apparent in people being stressed about the 26 ups and downs of investment markets
一actually not so much the ups, but 27 the downs. These people are usually unable or
unprepared to endure the long haul.
The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a 28 percentage
of cases of debt-induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element.
Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the
gateway to debt-related financial difficulties for many.
The third type of stress and 29 the least known is inherited financial stress,
which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households
where their parents regularly 30 and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a
stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31 .
Those suffering inherited financial anxiety 32 to follow one of two patterns.
Either they put their head in the sand: they would 33 examining their financial
statements, budgeting, and discussing financial matters with those closest to them.
Alternatively, they would go to the other 34 . and micro-analyze everything, to the
point of complete 35 . They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the
wrong one.
A) appearance I) normal
B) argued J) possibly
C) avoid K) proposition
D) considerable L) rebelled
E) definitely M) statement
F) extreme N) tend
G) inaction O) traditional
H) incredibly
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 4 页 共 10页 by:光速考研Doctor's orders: Let children just play
A) Imagine a drug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that
this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation's
leading pediatricians (儿科医生)say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical
report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.
B) “This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be learned when kids aren't told
what to do,“ said Dr. Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led
the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it's rough physical play, outdoor play or
pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they
go, he said.
C) The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a
shock to some parents. After spending years fretting (烦恼)over which toys to buy,
which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after
school, letting them simply play- or better yet, playing with them一could seem like a
step backward. The pediatricians insist that it's not. The academy9s guidance does not
include specific recommendations for the dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to
advise parents before their babies turn two that play is essential to healthy development.
D) “Play is not silly behavior,the academy's report declares. It fosters children's creativity,
cooperation, and problem-solving skills 一 all of which are critical for a 21st-century
workforce. When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the
harmful effects of all kinds of stress, including poverty, the academy says. In the
pediatricians9 view, essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up
with play. '"Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making, creativity, leadership, and
increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefits children gain through
play,“ they wrote. The pediatricians9 appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by
increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.
E) The trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and 1997, detailed time-use
studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the
adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001, public schools have steadily increased
the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests. The focus on academic
“skills and drills^^ has cut deeply into recess (课间休息)and other time for free play.
F) By 2009, a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five-year-olds
were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just
19 minutes per day of “choice when they were permitted to play freely with
blocks, toys or other children. One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no
time at all for "free play." Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U.S.
kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American
Academy of Pediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the "crucial role of recess
in school.
G) Pediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed. In a report titled “Crisis in the
Kindergarten,a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the
loss of play in early childhood “a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 5 页 共 10页 by:光速考研nation and the world." Kids in play-based kindergartens "end up equally good or better
at reading and other intellectual skills, and they are more likely to become well-adjusted
healthy people,9, the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009. Indeed, new research
demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said.
The trial assessed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention （干预）aimed at
preschoolers. The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.
H） Another playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens
and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media
reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19
minutes in front of screens each day, including an average of 42 minutes a day for those
under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep
deprivation and cognitive （认知的），language and social-emotional delays, the American
Academy of Pediatrics warned in 2016.
I） “I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone,“ Yogman
said. "But there's a cost to that. For young children, it's much too passive. And kids
really learn better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things.”
J） The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United
States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the
resilience （韧 劲 ）that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they are
disproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce: academic
pressures at schools that need to improve test scores, outside play areas that are limited
or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.
K） Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids.
“The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing
them a great service,he said. Even well-meaning parents may be "robbing them of the
opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity- the opportunity to find things
out on their own.^^
L） Play may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner
acknowledged that the pediatricians9 new prescription may meet with skepticism。怀疑）
from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world.
They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lerner said. "It's liberating to be
able to offer them this advice: that you spending time with your child and letting him
play is one of the most valuable things you can do,“ he said. <cIt doesn't have to involve
spending a lot of money or time, or joining a parenting group. It's something we can
offer that's achievable. They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable.
36. Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime.
37. Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in
public schools from recess to academic activities.
38. It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians9 recommendation,
their parents may doubt its feasibility.
39. According to some professionals, deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 6 页 共 10页 by:光速考研not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.
40. By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.
41. Playing with digital devices discourages kids from active discovery, according to
pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman.
42. The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to
parents who want to help build their children's skills.
43. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's
time may not be helpful to their growth.
44. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no
time for playing freely.
45. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are
learning how to create things.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets,
gym memberships and plastic surgery.
Trying to live up to the images of “perfect“ models and movie heroes has a dark side:
anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also
has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly
US$2,000 per person.
Why is there both external and internal pressure to look "perfect"? One reason is that
society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that
body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear
penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for
men, though a less noticeable one.
While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how
employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of
the question. Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other
indicators of success in the workplace?
Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national
random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage
shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight- they
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 7 页 共 10页 by:光速考研think they're heavier than they are- while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
We found no relationship between the average person's self- perception of weight and
labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem｛自尊心)，
mental health and health behaviors.
While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that
misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
Since employers9 perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing
discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only
state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding
such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
A) Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
B) Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
C) Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
D) Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.
47. What have researchers found out about people's earnings?
A) They are closely related to people's social status.
B) They have to do with people's body weight and shape.
C) They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
D) They may not be equal to people's contributions.
48. What does the author's recent study focus on?
A) Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
B) Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.
C) Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.
D) How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees9 advancement.
49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?
A) Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
B) People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
C) Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
D) Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.
50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?
A) Banning discrimination on the basis of employees9 body image.
B) Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
C) Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
D) Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 8 页 共 10页 by:光速考研The work-life balance is dead. By this, I'm not advocating that you should give up
your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I'm definitely not
saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a
work-life problem, but I'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful,
because it's too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to
things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
At the minimum, most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves,
our families, and the people around us. In the ideal world, we're all doing work that we're
proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn't give
you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the
contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life, it's a little bit harder to
make that connection. But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete
experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.
Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things
could quickly get off balance, and that causes terrible outcomes. It's more constructive to
think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or
failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are
normal, and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing,
rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
How we talk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference.
Let's bury "work-life balance^^ and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do
a little less balancing and a lot more living.
51. What does the author suggest by saying “The work-life balance is dead”?
A) The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
B) The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
C) The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore
D) The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.
52. What does the author say about our use of language?
A) It impacts how we think and behave.
B) It changes with the passage of time.
C) It reflects how we communicate.
D) It differs from person to person.
53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?
A) We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
B) We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
C) We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
D) We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 9 页 共 10页 by:光速考研54. What does the author say about life?
A) It is cyclical.
B) It is dynamic.
C) It is fulfilling.
D) It is risky.
55. What does the author advise us to do?
A) Make life as simple as possible.
B) Talk about balance in simpler terms.
C) Balance life and work in a new way.
D) Strive for a more fulfilling life.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
茅 台 (Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒，在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。
据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期，那里的人们生产出了高质
量的茅台，并把它贡给皇帝。自唐朝开始，这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。
茅台味道柔和，有一种特殊的香味；适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳，有镇静作用，因而广受
国内外消费者的喜爱。
2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 第 10页 共 10页 by:光速考研2020年 09月大学英语四级考试真题(第2 套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of
PowerPoint(PPT) in class. You can start your essay with the sentence "The use of PowerPoint
is becoming increasingly popular in class". You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
淘宝店铺【光速考研工作室】温馨提示：由于2020年 9 月四级考试全国共考了 1套听力，本套听力试
题同第1套试题一致，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It can be seen from the cheapest budget airlines to the world's largest carriers： Airlines
across the globe 26 various shades of blue in their cabin seats, and it is no 27 .
There does appear to be some psychology behind it. Blue is 28 with the positive
qualities of trust, efficiency, quietness, coolness, reflection and calm.
Nigel Goode is a leading aviation designer who works at a company which has been
delivering aircraft interiors for airlines for 30 years. "Our job as designers is to reinforce the
airline's brand and make it more 29 J he says. <cBut our primary concern is to deliver
an interior that 30 comfort to create a pleasant environment.
“It's all about making the traveling experience less 31 and blue is said to induce
a feeling of calm. While some of the budget airlines might use brighter, bolder shades, most
others go with softened tones. The 32 aim is to create a home-like relaxing feel, so
airlines tend to use soft colors that feel domestic, 33 and earthy for that reason.^^
It's also a trend that emerged decades ago and has 34 stuck. <cBlue became the
color of choice because it's a conservative, agreeable, corporate shade that 35 being
trustworthy and safe. That's why you see it used in all of the older airlines like British
Airways,“ Nigel Goode added.
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 1 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研A) associated I) maximizes
B) coincidence J) natural
C) determined K) principal
D) drastically L) recognizable
E) enormous M) simply
F) imitate N) stressful
G) indication 0) symbolizes
H) integrate
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
Why Are Asian Americans Missing from Our Textbooks?
A) I still remember my fourth-grade social studies project. Our class was studying the Gold
Rush, something all California fourth-graders learned. I was excited because I had
asked to research Chinese immigrants during that era. Growing up in the San Francisco
Bay Area, I had always known that “San Francisco^^ translated to “Gold Mountain^^ in
Chinese. The name had stuck ever since Chinese immigrants arrived on the shores of
Northern California in the 1850s, eager to try their luck in the gold mines. Now I'd have
the chance to learn about them.
B) My excitement was short-lived. I remember heading to the library with my class and
asking for help. I remember the librarian's hesitation. She finally led me past row after
row of books, to a comer of the library where she pulled an oversized book off the shelf.
She checked the index and turned over to a page about early Chinese immigrants in
California. That was all there was in my entire school library in San Francisco, home of
the nation's first Chinatown. That was it.
C) I finally had the opportunity to learn about Asian Americans like myself, and how we
became part of the fabric of the United States when I took an introductory class on
Asian-American history in college. The class was a revelation. I realized how much had
been missing in my textbooks as I grew up. My identity had been shaped by years of
never reading, seeing, hearing, or learning about people who had a similar background
as me. Why, I wondered, weren't the stories, histories, and contributions of Asian
Americans taught in K-12 schools, especially in the elementary schools? Why are they
still not taught ?
D) Our students- Asian, Latino, African American, Native American, and, yes, white
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 2 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研一stand to gain from a multicultural curriculum. Students of color are more engaged
and earn better grades when they see themselves in their studies. Research has also
found that white students benefit by being challenged and exposed to new perspectives.
E） For decades, activists have called for schools to offer anti-racism or multicultural
curricula. Yet a traditional American K-12 curriculum continues to be taught from a
Eurocentric point of view. Being multicultural often falls back on weaving children of
color into photographs, or creating a few supporting characters that happen to be
ethnic一an improvement, but superficial nonetheless. Elementary school classrooms
celebrate cultural holidays- Lunar New Year! Red envelopes! Lion dancers!一but
they're quick to gloss over （掩饰）the challenges and injustices that Asian Americans
have faced. Most students don't, for example, learn about the laws that for years
excluded Asians from immigrating to the U.S. They don't hear the narratives of how
and why Southeast Asian refugees （难民）had to rebuild their lives here.
F） Research into what students learn in school has found just how much is missing in their
studies. In an analysis, Christine Sleeter, a professor in the College of Professional
Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay, reviewed California's history and
social studies framework, the curriculum determined by state educators that influences
what is taught in K-12 classrooms. Of the nearly 100 Americans recommended to be
studied, 77% were white, 18% African American, 4% Native American, and 1% Latino.
None were Asian American.
G） Worse, when Asian Americans do make an appearance in lesson books, it is often laced
with problems. "'There hasn't been much progress/9 says Nicholas Hartlep, an assistant
professor at Metropolitan State University. His 2016 study of K-12 social studies
textbooks and teacher manuals found that Asian Americans were poorly represented at
best, and subjected to racist caricatures （拙劣的模仿）at worst. The wide diversity of
Asian Americans was overlooked; there was very little mention of South Asians or
Pacific Islanders, for example. And chances were, in the images, Asian Americans
appeared in stereotypical （模式化的）roles, such as engineers.
H） Teachers with a multicultural background or training could perhaps overcome such
curriculum challenges, but they're few and far between. In California, 65% of K-12
teachers are white, compared with a student population that is 75% students of color.
Nationwide, the gap is even greater. It isn't a requirement that teachers share the same
racial or ethnic background as their students, but the imbalance poses challenges, from
the potential for unconscious bias to a lack of knowledge or comfort in discussing race
and culture.
I） How race and ethnicity is taught is crucial, says Allyson Tintiangco-Cubales, an
Asian-American studies professor at San Francisco State University. She added that it's
not so much about the teacher9s background, but about training. <cYou can have a great
curriculum but if you don't have teachers dedicated （专注于）to teaching it well,“ she
says, “it won't work as well as you want it to.”
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 3 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研J) Some teachers are finding ways to expose students to Asian-American issues一 if not
during school hours, then outside of them. This summer, Wilson Wong will lead a class
of rising fifth-graders at a day camp dedicated to Chinese culture and the Chinese
-American community in Oakland, California. His students, for instance, will learn
about how Chinese immigrants built the railroads in California, and even have a chance
to “experience" it themselves: They will race each other to build a railroad model on the
playground, with some students being forced to <cwork^^ longer and faster and at cheaper
wages. Wong, a middle school teacher during the school year, hopes he's exposing the
students to how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S., something that he didn,t get
as a student growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area. "I planted the seeds early,“ he
says. "That's what I'm hoping fbr.”
K) And, despite setbacks, the tide may finally be turning. California legislators passed a
bill last year that will bring ethnic studies to all its public high schools. Some school
districts, including San Francisco and Los Angeles, already offer ethnic studies at its
high schools. High schools in Portland, Chicago, and elsewhere have either
implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies classes. And, as more high schools
begin teaching it, the door could crack open for middle schools, and, perhaps inevitably,
elementary schools, to incorporate a truly more multicultural curriculum. Doing so will
send an important message to the nation's youngest citizens: Whatever your race or
ethnicity, you matter. Your history matters. Your story matters.
36. While cultural holidays are celebrated, the injustices experienced by Asian Americans
are not exposed in elementary school classrooms.
37. Little information can be found about Chinese immigrants in the author's school library.
38. A middle school teacher is making a great effort to help students learn about the
contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America.
39. No Asian Americans were included in the list of historical figures recommended for
study in K-12 classrooms.
40. There is an obvious lack of teachers with a multicultural perspective to meet the
curriculum challenges in America.
41. Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better from a multicultural curriculum.
42. Now more and more high schools in America are including ethnic studies in their
curriculums.
43. A study of some K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals showed that Asian Americans
were inadequately and improperly represented in them.
44. When taking a class in college, the author realized that a lot of information about Asian
Americans was left out of the textbooks he studied.
45. An Asian-American studies professor placed greater emphasis on teacher training than
on teachers9 background.
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 4 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
When is cleaning walls a crime? When you're doing it to create art, obviously. A
number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a
practice known as reverse graffiti (涂 鸦).They find dirty surfaces and paint them with
images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管).Either way, it's
the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own
individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our
cities. The UK's Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London
and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti
advertisements.
Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo's transport tunnels into an
amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls
(颅骨),the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet.
“Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they don't give any consideration to the
price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves,“ says Orion.
The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since
the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property:
public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose's work: "Leeds
residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of
advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it." Moose was
ordered to "clean up his act." How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he
had cleaned dirty again?
As for the Brazilian artist's work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing
to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel——but only the parts
Alexandre had already cleaned. The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side.
The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole
tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.
46. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti?
A) It uses paint to create anti-pollution images.
B) It creates a lot of trouble for local residents.
C) It causes lots of distraction to drivers.
D) It turns dirty walls into artistic works.
47. What do reverse graffiti artists try to do?
A) Publicise their artistic pursuit.
B) Beautify the city environment.
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 5 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研C) Raise public awareness of environmental pollution.
D) Express their dissatisfaction with local governments.
48. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?
A) He was good at painting white skulls.
B) He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art.
C) He suggested banning all polluting cars.
D) He was fond of doing creative artworks.
49. What does the author imply about Leeds City Council's decision?
A) It is simply absurd.
B) It is well-informed.
C) It is rather unexpected.
D) It is quite sensible.
50. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orion's reverse graffiti?
A) They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo.
B) They took drastic action to ban all reverse graffiti.
C) They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city.
D) They made it impossible for him to practice his art.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100
years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance.
But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of
housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores
benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very
closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households
worldwide points to another way.
Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed
to giving allowances, but she thinks it's important to establish that chores are done not
because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar's
suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises
that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on
things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, ccfbr the same reason adults do,
because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.
This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around
the world may change people's thinking. Professor David Laney of Utah State University
has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age,
Laney says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they
begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their
responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Laney
contrasts this with what happens in America. "We deny our children's bids to help until
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 6 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研they are 6 or 7 years old,“ Laney says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try
to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as
an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier,
when they actually want to do it.”
51. What do some experts think about paying children for doing chores?
A) It may benefit children in more ways than one.
B) It may help children learn the worth of labor.
C) It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.
D) It may not be accepted by low-income parents.
52. According to Suniya Luthar, doing chores will help children learn to .
A) share family responsibilities
B) appreciate the value of work
C) cultivate the spirit of independence
D) manage domestic affairs themselves
53. What does Ron Lieber think should be the goal of giving children allowances?
A) To help to strengthen family ties.
B) To teach them how to manage money.
C) To motivate them to do more housework.
D) To show parents' appreciation of their help.
54. What does David Laney say about 18-month-olds?
A) They have a natural instinct to help around the house.
B) They are too young to request money for what they do.
C) They should learn to understand family responsibilities.
D) They need a little incentive to get involved in housework.
55. What does David Laney advise American parents to do?
A) Set a good example for children in doing housework.
B) Make children do housework without compensation.
C) Teach children how to do housework.
D) Accept children's early bids to help.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
茶拥有5, 000年的历史。传说，神 农 氏 (ShenNong)喝开水时，几片野树叶子落进壶里,
开水顿时散发出宜人的香味。他喝了几口，觉得很提神。茶就这样发现了。
自此，茶在中国开始流行。茶园遍布全国，茶商变得富有。昂贵、雅致的茶具成了地位的
象征。
今天，茶不仅是一种健康的饮品，而且是中国文化的一个组成部分。越来越多的国际游客
一边品茶，一边了解中国文化。
2020年9月英语四级真题第2套 第 7 页 共 7 页 by:光速考研2020年 09月大学英语四级考试真题(第3 套)
淘宝店铺【光速考研工作室】温馨提示：2020年9 月第3 套试题除翻译和写作外，其余题目
与第2 套完全一^致，故而未重复给出。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online
dictionaries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online dictionaries are becoming
increasingly popular "f. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
你如果到北京旅游，必须做两件事:一件是登长城，另一件是吃北京烤鸭。闻名遐迩的北
京烤鸭曾仅限于宫廷，而现在北京数百家餐厅均有供应。
北京烤鸭源于600年前的明代。来自全国各地的厨师被挑选出来到京城为皇帝做饭。人
们认为在皇宫做饭是一种莫大的荣誉，只有厨艺出众者才能获得这份工作。事实上，正是这些
宫廷厨师使北京烤鸭的烹饪艺术日臻完善。
2020年9月英语四级真题第3 套 第 1 页 共 1 页 by：光速考研I
Part Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Ownges in the Way of
Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
ll
Part Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section , you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report , you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
B) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
C) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
D) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
2. A) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
B) It could pose a threat to other marine species.
C) It could disrupt the food chains there.
D) It could add to greenhouse emissions.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
B) Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
C) About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
D) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.
4. A) The unbearable traffic noise. C) The ever-growing cost of petrol.
B) The worsening global warming. D) The rising air pollution in Paris.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) His house was burnt down in a fire. C) His good luck charm sank into the sea.
B) Many of his possessions were stolen. D) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.
6. A) Change his fishing locations. C) Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
B) Find a job in a travel agency. D) Spend a few nights on a small island.
7. A) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
B) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
C) The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds.
D) A New York museum has the world's biggest pearl.
Im� 2020 &:p 12 M 1Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. &th the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the co"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It boasts a fairly long history. C) It has 75 offices around the world.
B) It has over 50 business partners. D) It produces construction materials.
9. A) It was started by his father. C) It is over 100 years old.
B) It has about 50 employees. D) It is a family business.
10. A) Outdated product design. C) Shortage of raw material supply.
B) Loss of competitive edge. D) Legal disputes in many countries.
11. A) Introducing innovative marketing strategies.
B) Seeking new ways ,to increase its exports.
C) Providing training for its staff members.
D) Conducting a financial analysis for it.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) She is a real.expert at house decorations.
B) She is really impressed by the man's house.
C) She is well informed about the design business.
D) She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.
13. A) From a construction businessman. C) From home design magazines.
B) From his younger brother Greg. D) From a professional interior designer.
14. A) The cost was affordable. C) The effort was worthwhile.
B) The style was fashionable. D) The effect was unexpected.
15. A) She'd like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.
B) She'd like to show him around her newly-renovated house.
C) She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.
D) She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. &th the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you
must choose the best ans-wer from the four choices marked A ) , B) , C) and D ) . Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
B) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
C) Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.
D) Providing routine care for small children.
17. A) Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.
B) Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
C) Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.
D) Many children like to smell things they find or play with.
Im~ 2020 ~ 12 .R 218. A) They want to attract attention. C) They are unaware of the potential risks.
B) They tend to act out of impulse. D) They are curious about these body parts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It gave her a used bicycle. C) It delivered her daily necessities.
B) It paid for her English lessons. D) It provided her with physical therapy.
20. A) Expanding bike-riding lessons. C) Offering walking tours to visitors.
B) Providing free public transport. D) Asking local people for donations.
21. A) It is a sports club. C) It is a counseling center.
B) It is a language school. D) It is a charity organization.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) How animals deal with lack of gravity.
B) How mice interact in a new environment.
C) How low gravity affects the human body.
D) How mice imitate human behavior in space.
23. A) They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.
B) They found it difficult to figure out where they were.
C) They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
D) They were not sensitive to the changed environment.
24. A) They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.
B) They already felt at home in the new environment.
C) They had found a lot more activities to engage in.
D) They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.
25. A) They changed their routines in space. C) They behaved as if they were on Earth.
B) They began to eat less after some time. D) They repeated their activities every day.
Part i: Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Trust is fundamental to life. If you can't trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can't have
relationships without trust, let alone good ones.
In the workplace, too, trust is 26 . An organization without trust will be full of fear and
27 . If you work for a boss who doesn't trust their employees to do things right, you'll have a
28 time. They'll be checking up on you all the time, correcting "mistakes" and 29
reminding you to do this or that. Colleagues who don't trust one another will need to spend more time
30 their backs than doing any useful work.
Organizations are always trying to cut costs. Think of all the additional tasks caused by lack of trust.
Audit ('fit) departments only exist because of it. Companies keep large volumes of 31 because
they don't trust their suppliers, their contractors or their customers. Probably more than half of all
Im~ 2020~1213 3administrative work is only there because of an ever-existing sense that "you can't trust anyone these
days." If even a small part of such valueless work could be 32 , the savings would run into millions
of dollars.
All this is extra work we 33 onto ourselves because we don't trust people-the checking,
following through, doing things ourselves because we don't believe others will do them 34 -or at
all. If we took all that away, how much extra time would we suddenly find in our life? How much of our
work 35 would disappear?
A) constantly F) load K) removed
B) credible G) miserable L) stacks
C) essential H) pressure M) suspicion
D) exploring I) properly N) tracked
E) gather J) records 0) watching
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains informo.tion given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
informo.tion is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the co"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Place Where the Poor Once Thrived
A) This is the land of opportunity. If that weren't already implied by the landscape-rolling green hills,
palm trees, sun-kissed flowers-then it's evident in the many stories of people who grew up poor in
these sleepy neighborhoods and rose to enormous success. People like Tri Tran, who fled Vietnam on a
boat in 1986, showed up in San Jose with nothing, made it to MIT, and then founded the food-delivery
start-up Munchery, which is valued at $ 300 million.
B) Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America. A child born in the
early 1980s into a low-income family in San Jose had a 12. 9 percent chance of becoming a high earner
as an adult, according to a landmark study released in 2014 by the economist Raj Chetty and his
colleagues from Harvard and Berkeley. That number-12. 9 percent-may not seem remarkable, but it
was: Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile (Ji.~-1:i•) of income nationally had
the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.
C) By contrast, just 4. 4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top; in Detroit the figure was
5. 5 percent. San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark's and Canada's and higher than
other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.
D) The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of the world's most
innovative companies are located here,. providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old
Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and
subsequently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants-38 percent of the city's population
today is foreign-born-and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant
upward mobility in America. The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26. 5 percent
in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard and Berkeley economists say, is a good
predictor of mobility.
rm~ n
2020 ~ 12 4E) Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. It's possible to
drive in a matter of minutes from sleek (Jc.~ ~) office towers near the airport where people pitch
ideas to investors, to' single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vietnamese mall.
The libraries here offer programs in 17 languages, and there are areas filled with small businesses
owned by Vietnamese immigrants, Mexican immigrants, Korean immigrants, and Filipino
immigrants, to name a few.
F) But researchers aren't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well. The city has a low prevalence
of children growing up in single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors
that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly
on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is one of the most unequal places out of the
741 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial and economic segregation (Ill ill).
Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a
predoctoral fellow at the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard, which uses big data to study how
to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. "There's a lot going on here which we
don't totally understand," he said. "It's interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations."
G) The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area
of the 1980s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for
debate. Some of the indicators such as income inequality, measured by the Equality of Opportunity
Project for the year 2000, have only worsened in the past 16 years.
H) Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become
much more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful companies, the
flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no
longer a place where low-income, or even middle-income families, can afford to live. Rents in
San Jose grew 42. 6 percent between 2006 and 2014, which was the largest increase in the country
during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried to address by
<•~
shutting down "The Jungle," one of the largest homeless encampments a,J-,(i.~) in the nation, in
2014. Inequality is extreme. The Human Development Index-a measure of life expectancy, education
and per capita ( A. ~ ~ ) income-gives East San Jose a score of 4. 85 out of 10, while nearby
Cupertino, where Apple's headquarters sits, receives a 9. 26. San Jose used to have a happy mix of
factors-cheap housing, closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant
communities-that together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But
in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, the region's rich and poor have segregated, and
middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the region's poor doesn't look nearly as
bright as it once did.
I) Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even
poor kids can access the resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the
chance to do so. "I think there is a broad consciousness in the Valley that we can do better than to
leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success," San Jose Mayor
Sam Liccardo said.
J) But in today's America-a land of rising inequality, increasing segregation, and stagnating (;;y.;:jf* ~)
middle-class wages-can the San Jose region really once again become a place of opportunity?
mitt 2020 ~ 12 J} 5K) The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America's ideas about itself. That
such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose raises questions about the endurance of that
foundational belief. After all, if the one-time land of opportunity can't be fixed, what does that say
for the rest of America?
36. According to some people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for the poor to get ahead due
to the increased inequality.
37. In American history, immigrants used to have a good chance to move upward in society.
38. If the problems of San Jose can't be solved, one of America's fundamental beliefs about itself can be
shaken.
39. San Jose was among the best cities in America for poor kids to move up the social ladder.
40. Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward is questionable.
41. San Jose's officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success in life.
42. San Jose appears to manifest some of the best features of America.
43. As far as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other progressive cities in America.
44. Due to some changes like increases in housing prices in San Jose, the prospects for its poor people have
dimmed.
45. Researchers do not have a clear idea why poor children in San Jose achieved such great success several
decades ago.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. E.ach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to SO are based on the following passage.
Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are
behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression,
which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in
hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015.
Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over
half of teachers reported that more of their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But
teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils' mental health needs, and often
cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service ( ~ ~ ~ ~ m. :/f All!;-#- i ) .
Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ' early
intervention (-f-ffi)' and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority
budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their
effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.
The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early
intervention services inside schools.
There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools
see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach
children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them. over time. Recent studies have
[19~2020~12~ 6shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside
environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety, a
clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (♦A.~~ 6(J).
There are already examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing
provision with a strong academic curriculum. This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians,
policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards
reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.
46. What are teachers complaining about?
A) There are too many ,students requiring special attention.
B) They are under too much stress counselling ·needy students.
C) Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
D) They lack the necessary resources to address pupils' mental problems.
47. What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain?
A) They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.·
B) They facilitate local residents' everyday lives.
C) They prove ineffective in helping mental patients.
D) They cover preventative care for the local residents.
48. Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed?
A) At home. B) At school. C) In hospitals. D) In communities.
49. What do we learn from the recent studies?
A) Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
B) Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
C) Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.
D) Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.
50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2, Para. 6)?
A) Simplification of schools' academic curriculums.
B) Parents' involvement in schools' policy-making.
C) A change in teachers' attitudes to mental health.
D) A change in the conception of what schools are.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to SS are based on the following ~
Picture this: You're at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small,
medium or large soda. The small is $ 3. 50 and the large is $ 5. 50. It's a tough decision: The small size
may not last you through the whole movie, but $ 5. 50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there's
a third option, a medium soda for $ 5. 25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the
large is only a quarter more. If you're like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a
bathroom break midshow) .
If you're wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there's a
good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy ( it-tif) , making you
more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.
I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied
this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions ( -ir ~) to The Economist. The digital
m1~20201¥,12JJ 7subscription was $ 59, the print subscription was $ 125 , and the print plus digital subscription was also
$125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for
the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two
"real" choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of
the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.
.
Brain scientists call this effect "asymmetric dominance" and it means that people gravitate toward the
choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly
easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.
The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is
almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object's value relative to our other choices. If more options
are introduced, the value equation changes.
51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?
A) To illustrate people's peculiar shopping behavior.
B) To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.
C) To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.
D) To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.
52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?
A) To attract more customers to buy it.
B) To show the price matches the amount.
C) To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.
D) To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.
53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely's experiment?
A) Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
B) The &onomist 's promotional strategy works.
C) The &onomist 's print edition turns out to sell the best.
D) More readers choose the digital over the print edition.
54. For what purpose is "the bad option" (Line 7, Para. 3) added?
A) To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.
B) To help customers to make more rational choices.
C) To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.
D) To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.
55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?
A) By considering its usefulness. C) By taking its quality into account.
B) By comparing it with other choices. D) By examining its value equation.
Part 1V Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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IZ!lti 2020 ~ 12 13 8Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of
Transportation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Partn Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section , you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report , you will hear
two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) He wanted to buy a home. C) He lost a huge sum of money.
B) He suffered from a shock. D) He did an unusual good deed.
2. A) Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner. C) Give some money to the waiter.
B) Tell her story to the Da,ily News. D) Pay the waiter's school tuition.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Whether or not to move to the state's mainland.
B) How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.
C) Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.
D) What to do about the rising level of the seawater.
4. A) It takes too long a time. C) It has to wait for the state's final approval.
B) It costs too much money. D) It faces strong opposition from many villagers.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) To investigate whether people are grateful for help.
B) To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.
C) To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.
D) To find out how people express gratitude.
6. A) They induced strangers to talk with them.
B) They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.
C) They held doors open for people at various places.
D) They interviewed people who didn't say thank you.
7. A) People can be educated to be grateful. C) Most people have bad days now and then.
B) Most people express gratitude for help. D) People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.
UY� 2020 1¥, 12 � 24Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. l3oth the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) To order a solar panel installation. C) To enquire about solar panel installations.
B) To report a serious leak in his roof. D) To complain about the faulty solar panels.
9. A) He plans to install solar panels. C) He saves $ 300 a year.
B) He owns a four-bedroom house. D) He has a large family.
10. A) The service of the solar panel company. C) The maintenance of the solar panels.
B) The cost of a solar panel installation. D) The quality of the solar panels.
11. A) One year and a half. C) Roughly six years.
B) Less than four years. D) About five years.
are
Questions 12 to 15 based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) At a travel agency. C) At an airline transfer service.
B) At an Australian airport. D) At a local transportation authority.
13. A) She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
B) She wanted to save as much money as possible.
C) She would like to have everything taken care of.
D) She wanted to spend more time with her family.
14. A) Four days. C) One week.
B) Five days. D) Two weeks.
15. A) Choosing some activities herself. C) Driving along the Great Ocean Road.
B) Spending Christmas with Australians. D) Learning more about wine making.
Section C
Directions: In this section , you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three or
four questions. 13oth the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B) , C ) and D ) . Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the p~e you have just heard.
16. A) Bring their own bags when shopping. C) Dispose of their trash properly.
B) Use public transport when traveling. D) Pay a green tax upon arrival.
17. A) It has not been doing a good job in recycling.
B) It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.
C) It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.
D) It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.
18. A) To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.
B) To ban single-use plastic bags artd straws on Bali Island.
C) To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.
D) To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.
Im#& 2020 ~ 12 Jj 25Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It gives birth to several babies at a time. C) Its breeding grounds are now better preserved.
B) It is the least protected mammal species. D) Its population is now showing signs of increase.
20. A) Global warming. C) Commercial hunting.
B) Polluted seawaters. D) Decreasing birthrates.
21. A) To mate. C) To escape hunters.
B) To look for food. D) To seek breeding grounds.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They prefer to drink low-fat milk. C) They consume less milk these days.
B) They think milk is good for health. D) They buy more milk than the British.
23. A) It is not as healthy as once thought. C) It benefits the elderly more.
B) It is not easy to stay fresh for long. D) It tends to make people fat.
24. A) They drink too many pints every day. C) They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.
B) They are sensitive to certain minerals. D) They have eaten food incompatible with milk.
25. A) It is easier for sick people to digest. C) It is healthier than other animal products.
B) It provides some necessary nutrients. D) It supplies the body with enough calories.
Part ]I Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once .
When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where
praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't benefit from 26 praise as much as
we'd like to think. "Parents' often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence.
However, over-praising can have a 27 effect," says Phillip. "When we use the same praise
28 , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that
anything they do must be 29 with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to
fear of 30 their parents."
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. "The key to healthy praise is to
focus on the process rather than the 31 . It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in
----
which they achieved something, that is essential," she says. "Parents should encourage their child to take
the risks needed to learn and grow. "
So how do we break the 32 of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to
33 between "person praise" and "process praise". "Person praise is 34 saying how great
someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person
Im~ 2020 ~ 12 ~ 26has just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing," says
----
Phillip.
A) choose F) experienced K) repeatedly
B) constant G) negative L) rewarded
C) disappointing H)outcome M) separately
D) distinguish I) pattern N) simply
E) exhausting J) plural 0) undertaken
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Poverty is a story about us, not them
A) Too often still, we think we know what poverty looks like. It's the way we've been taught, the images
we've been force-fed for decades. The chronically homeless. The undocumented immigrant. The
urban poor, usually personified as a woman of color, the "welfare queen" politicians still too often
reference.
B) But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a record
economic expansion, those familiar images are outdated, hurtful, and counterproductive to focusing
attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.
C) Today's faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us. It's Anna Landre, a
disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow her the freedom to
live her life. It's Tiffanie Standard, a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to
be tech entrepreneurs-but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat. It's Ken Outlaw, a welder in
rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by
Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling
Americans across the nation.
D) If these are the central characters of our story about poverty, what layers of perceptions, myths, and
realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing this
complicated reality, Mothering Justice, led by women of color, went last year to the state capital in
Lansing, Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers. One of the Mothering Justice
· organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare-
the vestiges (~it.) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their
husbands worked. A legislative staffer dismissed the activist's concerns, telling her "my husband took
care of that-I stayed home. "
E) That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson, "was meant to shame" and relied
on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that
promote mobility must by definition be a single morn, probably with multiple kids. In this case, the
Mothering Justice activist happened to be married. And in most cases in the America of 2019, the
images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in
Im~ 20201f: 12 Y) 27reflecting a complicated reality: poverty touches virtually all of us. The face of income inequality, for
all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.
F) How many of us are poor in the U.S.? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau,
38 million people in the U.S. are living below the official poverty thresholds. Taking into account
economic need beyond that absolute measure, the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million
people are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S. population.
G) Whatever the measure, within that massive group, poverty is extremely diverse. We know that some
people are more affected than others, like children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people
of color.
H) But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with $ 400 in an emergency is a commonly cited
statistic for good reason: economic inst~bility stretches across race, gender, and geography. It even
reaches into the middle classes, as real wages have stagnated (~:It*) for all but the very wealthy and
temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.
I) Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big
American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own efforts and change a bad situation into a
good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families, friends, schools, and
community is virtually impossible. And the playing field is nothing close to level.
J) The FrameW orks Institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues, has studied what
sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom. "People view economic success
and wellbeing in life as a product of choice, willpower, and drive," says Nat Kendall-Taylor, CEO of
FrameW orks. "When we see people who are struggling," he says, those assumptions "lead us to the
perception that people in poverty are lazy, they don't care, and they haven't made the right
decisions."
K) Does this sound familiar? Similar ideas surround poverty in the U. S. And these assumptions give a false
picture of reality. "When people enter into that pattern of thinking," says Kendall-Taylor, "it's
cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive
blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisible
and fade from view. "
L) Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural
discrimination based on race, gender, or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use
government benefits to help them survive. There is a great tension between "the poor" and those who
are receiving what has become a dirty word: "welfare."
M) According to the General Social S1.UVey, 71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too
little on "assistance to the poor." On the other hand, 22 percent think we are spending too little on
"welfare": 37 percent believe we are spending too much.
N) " Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black
mothers," says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It's true that black mothers are more affected by
poverty than many other groups, yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty. For example,
Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.
O) In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.
Indeed, people tend to dip in and out of poverty, perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,
fill~ 20201¥-12 J3 28or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.
P) Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to
understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.
36. One legislative staffer assumed that a woman of color who advocated affordable childcare must be a
single mother.
37. People from different races, genders, and regions all suffer from a lack of financial security.
38. According to a survey, while the majority believe too little assistance is given to the poor, more than
a third believe too much is spent on welfare.
39. A research group has found that Americans who are struggling are thought to be lazy and to have made
the wrong decisions.
40. Under the old system in America, a mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children.
41. It was found that nearly 50% of Americans are poor or receive low pay.
42. Americans usually overestimate the number of blacks receiving welfare benefits.
43. It is impossible for Americans to lift themselves out of poverty entirely on their own.
44. Nowadays, it seems none of us can get away from income inequality.
45. Assumptions about poor people become even more negative when they live on welfare.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 pa,ssages in this section. "Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London's
Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks
about weather, traffic jams, and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is
"the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity." But how can
you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else's? In 1986, psychologists
introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual's overall tendency to feel
bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person's
feelings of boredom in a given situation.
Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive
drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of
psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer
electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another
team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer
electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked · themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral
ones did.
But boredom isn't all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An
early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises.
Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to
Im~ 2020 ,q; 12 Jj 29combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a
creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects
did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps
had been primed were more productive.
In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch
paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next
big idea.
46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?
A) When they don't have the chance to do what they want.
B) When they don't enjoy the materials they are studying.
C) When they experience something unpleasant.
D) When they engage in some routine activities.
47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A) Determination. C) Mental deterioration.
B) Concentration. D) Harmful conduct.
48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A) Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
49. Why does the author say boredom isn't all bad?
A) It stimulates memorization. C) It may promote creative thinking.
B) It allows time for relaxation. D) It may facilitate independent learning.
50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A) Stop idling and think big. C) Look around oneself for stimulation.
B) Unlock one's smartphone. D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is
easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous
scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western
countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in
them are bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with the fastest growth in places that
historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both
Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking
more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1 % of that
country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11 % of the land, and the
government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,
dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming
or herding, trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history,
Im~ 20201P 12 A 30governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden
warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome
because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees
remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of
use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires.
Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the
trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalists' attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government's advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favourable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantations.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people's lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.
Part N Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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m:I~ 2020 &:p 12 Jl 31Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Ow.nges in the Way of
Communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
I
Part Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
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Part I[ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) ·
Section A
Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word ba.nk following the passage . Read the passage through carefully
'before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the co"esponding
letter for each item on Ans"fer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the ba.nk more than once .
The things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and
influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world's factories 26 . And that
disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to
make them quicker, more 27 , and more efficient.
Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of
working. And 3D printers have long 28 a world where you can make anything, anywhere, from a
computerised design. That vision is 29 closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories,
producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be
30 many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31 of factory
life.
Greater efficiency 32 means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many
developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see 33 and robots as a
solution. But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34
opportunity to make the world a better place. "Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the
biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in
the past. You can see it changing. That's an opportunity to 35 that system differently, and if we
can, it will hdve tremendous significance."
A) automation F) feature K) matters
B) concerns G) flexible L) moving
C) enormously H) inevitably M) promised
D) fantastic I) interaction N) shape
E) fascinated J) leaning 0) spared
ml~ 2020 1F 12 Jj 47Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The History of the Lunch Box
A) It was made of shiny, bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front, and I carried it
with me nearly every single day. My lunch box was one of my first prized possessions, a proud
statement to everyone in my kindergarten: "I love Mermaid-Ariel on my lunch box."
B) That bulky container served me well through my first and second grades, until the live-action version
of 101 Dalmatians hit theaters, and I needed the newest red plastic box with characters like Pongo and
Perdita on the front. I know I'm not alone here-I bet you loved your first lunch box, too.
C) Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes for decades. But it
wasn't always that way. Once upon a time, they weren't even boxes. As schools have changed in the
past century, the midday meal container has evolved right along with them.
D) Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story, really.
While there were neighborhood schools in cities and suburbs, one-room schoolhouses were common in
rural areas. As grandparents have been saying for generations, kids would travel miles to school in the
countryside (often on foot).
E) "You had kids in rural areas who couldn't go home from school for lunch, so bringing your lunch
wrapped in a cloth, in oiled paper, in a little wooden box or something like that was a very long
standing rural tradition," says Paula Johnson, head of food history section at the Smithsonian National
Museum of American History in Washington, D. C.
F) City kids, on the other hand, went home for lunch and came back. Since they rarely carried a meal,
the few metal lunch buckets on the market were mainly for tradesmen and factory workers.
G) After World War II, a bunch of changes reshaped schools-and lunches. More women joined the
workforce. Small schools consolidated into larger ones, meaning more students were farther away
from home. And the National School Lunch Act in 1946 made cafeterias much more common. Still,
there wasn't much of a market for lunch containers-yet. Students who carried their lunch often did so
in a re-purposed bucket or tin of some kind.
H) And then everything changed in the year of 1950. You might as well call it the Year of the Lunch Box,
thanks in large part to a genius move by a Nashville-based manufacturer, Aladdin Industries. The
company already made square metal meal containers, the kind workers carried, and some had started
to show up in the hands of school kids.
I) But these containers were really durable, lasting years on end. That was great for the consumer, not so
much for the manufacturer. So executives at Aladdin hit on an idea that would harness the newfound
popularity of television. They covered lunch boxes with striking red paint and added a picture of TV
and radio cowboy Hopalong Cassidy on the front.
J) The company sold 600,000 units the first year. It was a major "Ah-ha!" moment, and a wave of other
manufacturers jumped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies. "The Partridge Family,
ll11~ 2020 $12 J] 48the Addams Family, the Six Million Dollar Man, the Bionic Woman-everything that was on television
ended up on a lunch box," says Allen Woodall. He's the founder of the Lunch Box Museum in
Columbus, Georgia. "It was a great marketing tool because kids were taking that TV show to school
with them, and then when they got home they had them captured back on TV," he says.
K) And yes, you read that right: There is a lunch box museum, right near the Chattahoochee River.
Woodall has more than 2,000 items on display. His favorite? The Green Hornet lunch box, because he
used to listen to the radio show back in the 1940s.
L) The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence, that is, to design a product so that it
will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing. Kids would beg for a new
lunch box every year to keep up with the newest characters, even if their old lunch box was perfectly.
usable.
M) The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s, when plastic took over. Two theories exist as to
why. The first-and most likely-is that· plastic had simply become cheaper. The second theory
possibly an urban myth-is that concerned parents in several states proposed bans on metal lunch
boxes, claiming kids were using them as "weapons" to hit one another. There's a lot on the internet
about a state-wide ban in Florida, but a few days worth of digging by a historian at the Florida State
Historical Society found no such legislation. Either way, the metal lunch box was out.
N) The last few decades have brought a new lunch box revolution, of sorts. Plastic boxes changed to lined
cloth sacks, and eventually, globalism brought tiffin containers from India and bento boxes from
Japan. Even the old metal lunch boxes have regained popularity. "I don't think the heyday (Jt'Tals,t.J!ij) ·
has passed," says D. J. J ayasekara, owner and founder of lunchbox. corn, a retailer in Pasadena,
California. "I think it has evolved. The days of the ready-made, 'you stick it in a lunch box and carry
it to school' are kind of done."
0) The introduction of backpacks changed the lunch box scene a bit, he adds. Once kids started carrying
book bags, that bulky traditional lunch box was hard to fit inside. "But you can't just throw a sandwich
in a backpack," Jayasekara says. "It still has to go into a container." That is, in part, why smaller and
softer containers have taken off-they fit into backpacks.
P) And don't worry-whether it's a plastic bento box or a cloth bag, lunch containers can still easily be
covered with popular culture. "We keep pace with the movie industries so we can predict which
characters are going to be popular for the coming months," Jayasekara says. "You know, kids are
kids."
36. Lunch containers were not necessary for school kids in cities.
37. Putting TV characters on lunch boxes proved an effective marketing strategy.
38. Smaller lunch boxes are preferred because they fit easily into backpacks.
39. Lunch boxes have evolved along with the transformation of schools.
40. Around the beginning of the nineteen fifties, some school kids started to use metal meal containers.
41. School kids are eager to get a new lunch box every year to stay in fashion.
42. Rural kids used to walk a long way to school in the old days.
43. The author was proud of using a lunch box in her childhood.
44. The most probable reason for the popularity of plastic lunch boxes is that they are less expensive.
45. The durability of metal meal containers benefited consumers.
IZ!I ~ 2020 ~ 12 Jj 49Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to SO are based on the foilo wing passage.
A growing number of U.S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits
and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting
batteries are breathing new life into the concept.
Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million
ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold
in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U.S. market
has grown to 263 , 000 bikes, a 25 % gain from the prior year.
The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology
for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring
European sales.
But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U.S. bikeshare companies, Motivate,
LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes
is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C., and is launching in San Francisco
Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.
The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a
smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (It~.) to electric
bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. "When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up.
It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike."
Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that
U.S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the
brand if it came out with an electric bike.
Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he'll make an
ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't
their thing," Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of
climbing huge hills. "
46. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?
A) Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.
B) They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.
C) They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.
D) Their widespread use is attributable to people's environmental awareness.
47. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?
A) Updated technology of bike manufacture.
B) The falling prices of ebike batteries.
C) Changed fashion in short-distance travel.
D) The rising costs for making electric cars.
gg~ 2020 1¥-12 J1 5048. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?
A) More will be invested in bike battery research.
B) The sales of ebikes will increase.
C) It will profit from ebike sharing.
D) It will make a difference in people's daily lives.
49. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?
A) Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.
B) High profits from conventional bikes.
C) Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.
D) His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.
50. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?
A) The further lowering of ebike prices.
B) The public's concern for their health.
C) The increasing interest in mountain climbing.
D) The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The terms "global warming'' and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But
do they really mean the same thing?
Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans
continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.
In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published
by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define
increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while "climate change" more broadly referred to the
numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification (M.1-t.).
During the following decades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in
the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human
activities to influence the planet's climate.
Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls expert
Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate· change" because the phrase sounded less scary
than "global warming," reported the Guardian .
However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by
1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the
next decade both words were used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as oft en as
global warming.
NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes
to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The debate isn't new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over
the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon
dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans
weren't producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of
Im~ 2020 ~ 12 Jj 51course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave
consequences ahead.
51. Why did politic~ans use the two terms "global warming'' and "climate change"?
A) To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.
B) To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.
C) To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.
D) To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.
52. As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term "climate change" differs from "global
warming'' in that ____
A) it sounds less vague C) it covers more phenomena
B) it looks more scientific D) it is much closer to reality
53. What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?
A) Made-up survey results. C) False research findings.
B) Hired climate experts. D) Deliberate choice of words.
54. Why did NASA choose the term "climate change"?
A) To obtain more funds. C) For political needs.
B) For greater precision. D) To avoid debate.
55. What is the author's final conclusion?
A) Global warming is the more accurate term.
B) Accuracy of terminology matters in science.
C) Human activities have serious effects on Earth.
D) Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.
Part N Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this pa,rt, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a pa,ssage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 .
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