四级真题2017-2020一键打印版_大学英语四六级_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题

2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套 ） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a/n advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more them 180 words. Part n Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions ： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B) C) emd D). 9 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single li/ne through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) The self-driving system was faulty. C) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The car was moving at a fast speed. D) The test driver made a wrong judgment. 2. A) They have generally done quite well. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have done better than conventional cars. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) He is a queen bee specialist. C) He removed the bees from the boot. B) He works at a national park. D) He drove the bees away from his car. 4. A) They were making a lot of noise. C) They were dancing in a unique way. B) They were looking after the queen. D) They were looking for a new box to live in. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) The latest test on a rare animal species. C) The second trip to a small remote island. B) The finding of two new species of frog. D) The discovery of a new species of snake. 6. A) He fell from a tall palm tree by accident. B) A snake crawled onto his head in his sleep. C) He discovered a rare frog on a deserted island. D) A poisonous snake attacked him on his field trip. 2017.6/ 1 (第 1 套)7. A) From its origin. C) From its colour. B) From its length. D) From its genes. Section B Directions ： In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each corwersation, you 9 will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) The airport is a long way from the hotel. C) He has to check a lot of luggage. B) His flight is leaving in less than 2 hours. D) The security check takes time. 9. A) In cash. C) With his smart phone. B) By credit card. D) With a traveler's check. 10. A) Look after his luggage. C) Give him a receipt. B) Find a porter for him. D) Confirm his flight. 11. A) Posting a comment on the hoteVs webpage. B) Staying in the same hotel next time he comes. C) Signing up for membership of Sheraton Hotel. D) Loading her luggage onto the airport shuttle. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) He becomes tearful in wind. C) He is his teacher's favorite student. B) He is the only boy in his family. D) He has stopped making terrible faces. 13. A) Warn him of danger by making up a stoiy. C) Do something funny to amuse him. B) Give him some cherry stones to play with. D) Tell him to play in her backyard. 14. A) They could knock people unconscious. C) They could sometimes terrify adults. B) They could fly against a strong wind. D) They could break people's legs. 15. A) One would have curly hair if they ate too much stale bread. B) One would go to prison if they put a stamp on upside down. C) One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair. D) One would get a spot on their tongue if they told a lie deliberately. Section C Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage cmd the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you miist choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a svngle li/ne through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) Everything seemed to be changing. C) People were excited to go traveling overseas. B) People were formal and disciplined. D) Things from the Victorian era came back alive. 2017.6/ 2 (第 1 套)17. A) Watching TV at home. C) Drinking coffee. B) Meeting people. D) Trying new foods. 18. A) He was interested in stylish dresses. C) He was a young student in the 1960s. B) He was able to make a lot of money. D) He was a man full of imagination. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) They avoid looking at them. C) They show anger on their faces. B) They run away immediately. D) They make threatening sounds. 20. A) It turns to its owner for help. C) It looks away and gets angry too. B) It turns away to avoid conflict. D) It focuses its eyes on their mouths. 21. A) By observing their facial features carefully. B) By focusing on a particular body movement. C) By taking in their facial expressions as a whole. D) By interpreting different emotions in different ways. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) They have to look for food and shelter underground. B) They take little notice of the changes in temperature. C) They resort to different means to survive the bitter cold. D) They have difficulty adapting to the changed environment. 23. A) They have their weight reduced to the minimum. B) They consume energy stored before the long sleep. C) They can maintain their heart beat at the normal rate. D) They can keep their body temperature warm and stable. 24. A) By staying in hiding places and eating veiy little. B) By seeking food and shelter in people's houses. C) By growing thicker hair to stay warm. D) By storing enough food beforehand. 25. A) To stay safe. C) To keep company. B) To save energy. D) To protect the young. Part UI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice vn the bcmk is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use cmy of the words in the bank more tha/n once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花),for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27 2017.6/ 3 (第 1 套)ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers 28 they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient beer-making tools,“ and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30 that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80% , were from cereal crops like barley (大麦)，and about 10% were bits of roots 32 lily, which ? would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find： the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a 33 food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34 in the region not as food, but as 35 material for beer brewing. A) arrived I) relatively B) consuming J) remains C) direct K) resources D) exclusively L) staple E) including M) suggest F) inform N) surprising G) raw 0) test H) reached Section B Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 讽formation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more them once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Blessing and Curse of the People Who Never Forget A handful of people ccm recall almost every day of their lives vn enormous detail—and after years of research, neuroscientists are fi/nally begi/nning to understand how they do it. A) For most of us, memory is a mess of blurred and faded pictures of our lives. As much as we would like to cling on to our past, even the saddest moments can be washed away with time. B) Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of the train he was sitting on his journey to work. " My memory is like a library of video tapes, walk-throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping, “ he explains. C) Veiseh can even put a date on when those tapes started recording： 15 December 2000, when he met his first girlftiend at his best friend's 16th birthday party. He had always had a good memory, but the thrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind： from now on, he would start recording his whole life in detail. "I could tell you everything about every day after that. ” D) Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists (神经科学专家)hoping to understand the way the brain records our lives. A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people's extraordinary minds. And such research might even suggest ways for us 2017.6/ 4 (第 1 套)all to relive our past with greater clarity. E) 4 Highly superior autobiographical memoiy' (or HSAM for short), first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named Jill Price. Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. Could he help explain her experiences? F) McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her： he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day. True to her word, she was correct almost every time. G) It didn't take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her u total recall” ，and thanks to the subsequent media interest, a few dozen other subjects (including Veiseh) have since come forward and contacted the team at the University of California, Irvine. H) Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred： although they can remember uautobiographicalw life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal information, such as random (任意选取的)lists of words. Nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say. And although their memories are vast, they are still likely to suffer from a false memories”. Clearly, there is no such thing as a u perfectn memory- their extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. The question is, how? I) Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently studied around 20 people with HSAM and found that they scored particularly high on two measures ： fantasy proneness (倾向)and absorption. Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity一to pay complete attention to the sensations (感 受 )and the experiences. “I'm extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail J explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. "I definitely feel things more strongly than the average person.” J) The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recollection, says Patihis, and the fantasy proneness means that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. Each time this initial memory trace is “replayed” , it becomes even stronger. In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day- but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives. K) Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM, though, so Patihis suggests that something must have caused them to think so much about their past. " Maybe some experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed (着 迷 )with calendars and what happened to them, " says Patihis. L) The people with HSAM I've interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. On the plus side, it allows you to relive the most transformative and enriching experiences. Veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. In his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories. M) Imagine being able to remember every painting, on every wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries, “ he says. " Thafs a big education in art by itself. " With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter. N) Donohue, now a histoiy teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education：aI can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school. I could imagine what the teacher was 2017.6/ 5 (第 1 套)saying or what it looked like in the book. ” O) Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits, however. Viewing the past in high definition can make it veiy difficult to get over pain and regret. "It can be veiy hard to forget embarrassing moments, “ says Donohue. " You feel the same emotions- it is just as raw, just as fresh... You can't turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try. ” Veiseh agrees ：a It is like having these open wounds- they are just a part of you, “ he says. P) This means they often have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest. Bill, for instance, often gets painful “flashbacks"，in which unwanted memories intrude into his consciousness, but overall he has chosen to see it as the best way of avoiding repeating the same mistakes. " Some people are absorbed in the past but not open to new memories, but thafs not the case for me. I look forward to each day and experiencing something new. ” 36. People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information. 37. Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM. 38. Veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love. 39. Many more people with HSAM started to contact researchers due to the mass media. 40. People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid focusing on the past. 41. Most people do not have clear memories of past events. 42. HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing. 43. A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memoiy. 44. Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories. 45. A recent study of people with HSAM reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity. Section C Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) B ), C) and 9 D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single li/ne through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. The phrase almost completes itself： midlife crisis. It's the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching. There's only one problem with the cliche (套话).It isn't true. “In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago,“ Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined. The bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s, but this shift “ can be exciting, rather than terrifying. Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth. They break routines, because “ autopilot is death. n They choose purpose over happiness- having a clear sense of purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease. They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede (逐渐淡化). 2017.6/ 6 (第 1 套)Life Rei/magi/ned paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy. Midlife seems like the second big phase of decision-making. Your identity has been formed ； you've built up your resources ； and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure. Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, “the sowing is behind； now is the time to reap. The run has been taken； now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made； now is the time for the venture of the work itself. v The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a u measured hastew to get big new things done while there is still time. What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of. 46. What does the author think of the phrase amidlife crisis”？ A) It has led to a lot of debate. C) It is no longer fashionable. B) It is widely acknowledged. D) It misrepresents real life. 47. How does Barbara Hagerty view midlife? A) It may be the beginning of a crisis. C) It can be terrifying for the unprepared. B) It can be a new phase of one's life. D) It may see old-age diseases approaching. 48. How is midlife pictured in the book Life Reimagined2 A) It can be quite rosy. C) It undergoes radical transformation. B) It can be burdensome. D) It makes for the best part of one's life. 49. According to Karl Barth, midlife is the t i m e . A) to relax B) to mature C) to harvest D) to reflect 50. What does the author say about midlife today? A) It is more meaningful than other stages of life. B) It is likely to change the narrative of one's life. C) It is more important to those with a longer lifespan. D) It is likely to be a critical turning point in one's life. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter's end. So it's no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg. Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century. One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age ： Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too. “There's something about their delicate nature that appeals to me," says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modem characters. "I've broken eggs at every stage of the process- from the very beginning to the very, very end. ” 2017.6/ 7 (第 1 套)But there's an appeal in that vulnerability. "There's part of this sickening horror of knowing you're walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second. Chast's designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness. Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil. “There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world,“ says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives. The tradition, dating back to 300 B. C. , was later incorporated into the Christian church. The old symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest. 51. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg? A) It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring. B) It is their mgjor source of protein in winter. C) It can easily be made into a work of art. D) It can bring wealth and honor to them. 52. What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia? A) They are shaped like jewel cases. C) They are heavily painted in red. B) They are cherished by the rich. D) They are favored as a form of art. 53. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition? A) Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life. B) Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists. C) Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today. D) Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on. 54. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs? A) She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed. B) She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea. C) She always derives great pleasure from designing something new. D) She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end. 55. What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting? A) It originated in the eastern part of Europe. B) It has a history of over two thousand years. C) It is the most time-honored form of fancy art. D) It is especially favored as a church decoration. Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to trcmslate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your cmswer on Answer Sheet 2. 黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海， 流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河漉域(Hver basin)是中国古 代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多 次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。 2017.6/ 8 (第 1 套)2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套 ） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your ca/mpus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may inchide a brief description of their content, their condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 720 words but no more than 180 words. Part n Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions ： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hea/r a question, you m/ust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves. B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving. C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars. D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features. 2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices. B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills. C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales. D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska. B) A series of ir\juries to snowmobile drivers. C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors. D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event. 4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs. B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times. C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race. D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading. C) It disappeared between two large islands. B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Com Island. D) It turned over because of strong winds. 2017.6/ 1 (第 2 套)6. A) 13. B) 25. C) 30. D) 32. 7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort. C) He was drowned with the passengers. B) He is being investigated by the police. D) He is among those people missing. Section B Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B ), C) and Z>). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 9 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) At a shopping centre. C) At an accountancy firm. B) At a community college. D) At an IT company. 9. A) Helping out with data input. C) Sorting application fonns. B) Arranging interviews. D) Making phone calls. 10. A) He enjoys using computers. C) He wants to work in the city centre. B) He needs the money badly. D) He has relevant working experience. 11. A) Purchase some business suits. C) Improve his programming skills. B) Learn some computer language. D) Review some accountancy terms. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) They are keen on high technology. B) They are poor at technology skills. C) They often listen to National Public Radio. D) They feel superior in science and technology. 13. A) Japanese. C) Poles. B) Germans. D) Americans. 14. A) Emailing. C) Science. B) Texting. D) Literacy. 15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform. C) It has much room for improvement. B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking. D) It prioritizes training of practical skills. Section C Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you m/ust choose the best cmswerfrom the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) They have small roots. C) They taste like apples. B) They grow white flowers. D) They come from Central Africa. 17. A) They turned from white to purple in color. B) They became popular on the world market. C) They became an important food for humans. D) They began to look like modern-day carrots. 2017.6/ 2 (第 2 套)18. A) They were found quite nutritious. C) People discovered their medicinal value. B) There were serious food shortages. D) Farm machines helped lower their prices. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) She could update her family any time she liked. B) She could call up her family whenever she liked. C) She could locate her friends wherever they were. D) She could download as many pictures as she liked. 20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success. B) She eryoyed reading her friends' status updates. C) She felt quite popular among them. D) She felt she was a teenager again. 21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends. B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family. C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work. D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) They have strong muscles. C) They eat much less in winter. B) They live a longer life than horses. D) They can work longer than donkeys. 23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king. C) It was brought over from Spain. B) It was bought by George Washington. D) It was donated by a U. S. ambassador. 24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding. B) They participated in a mule-driving competition. C) They showed and traded animals in the market. D) They fed mules with the best food they could find. 25. A) The wider use of horses. C) A shrinking animal trade. B) The arrival of tractors. D) A growing donkey population. Part DI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bcmk following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yowr choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During 26 exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a 27 called “ central fatigue, “ in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements 28 . It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not 2017.6/ 3 (第 2 套)directly 29 in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的) 30 either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂)without, during 3 hours of 31 , After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still 32 their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8% , 33 their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was 34 to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying 35 eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon. A) cautiously I) phenomenon B) commit J) preventing C) control K) sensitive D) cycling L) slowing E) effectively M) solution F) increased N) sufficient G) involved O) vigorous H) limited Section B Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more them once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Team Spirit A) Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course ： even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “ Global Human Capital Trends"，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始)it； and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams. B) Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise ： a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制). C) The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility (灵活,性). John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc. , a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “ we compete against market transitions (过渡)，not 2017.6/ 4 (第 2 套)competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years； now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “ miUeTmials ”（千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups. D） The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects （such as GE and IBM） to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas ； consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Tea/m of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting ： decentralising authority to self-organising teams. E） A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bcmdwagon （追随一种管理潮流）,it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer- teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot ； but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don't count on it. ” F） Hackman （who died in 2013） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. Highflyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still. G） Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time： America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun： they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them. H） The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism （感情用事）：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused ： giving in to pressure to be more u inclusiveis a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that “ If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big. " They need to immunise teams against group-think： Hackman argued that the best ones contain “ devicmt” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others. I） A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “ engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work一which may mean liberating them from having to do 2017.6/ 5 （第 2 套）everything in collaboration with others. J) However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better： they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team­ building skills are in short supply： Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction一 employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual. 36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action. 37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations. 38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams. 39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work. 40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture. 41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies. 42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose. 43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders. 44. To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work. 45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past. Section C Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), 8), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown. Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives. This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £ L 19 billion in 2011 to £ 1.12 billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 bilUon in 2016. In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2% , with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015. Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper- including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,“ said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These 2017.6/ 6 (第 2 套)extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer. While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy- in theory at least一when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57% ) followed by strength (45% ) and thickness (36% ). One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper. 46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased b e c a u s e . A) Britons have cut their spending on it B) its prices have gone up over the years C) its quality has seen marked improvement D) Britons have developed the habit of saving 47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK? A) It will expand in time. C) It will experience ups and downs. B) It will remain gloomy. D) It will recover as population grows. 48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper? A) Special offers would promote its sales. B) Consumers are loyal to certain brands. C) Luxurious features add much to the price. D) Consumers have a variety to choose from. 49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper? A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper. B) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most. C) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper. D) They reject using toilet paper with urmecessary features. 50. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A) More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment. B) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales. C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality. D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. “ One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford. By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way- by stopping abruptly and completely. In her study, participants were rcmdondy (随 机 地 )assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotme replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day. 2017.6/ 7 (第 2 套)Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it一more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support. And the quit rates were particularly convmcing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 4 Well, if I gradually reduce, ifs like practice, , n says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. " Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective, “ says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. " When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,“ Ferreira says. People rarely manage to quit the first time they tiy. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success. 51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother? A) She quit smoking with her daughter's help. B) She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly. C) She was also a researcher of tobacco and health. D) She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers. 52. What kind of support 祖d smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley^ study? A) They were given physical training. C) They were encouraged by psychologists. B) They were looked after by physicians. D) They were offered nicotine replacements. 53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawle/s experiment? A) It is idealized. C) It is encouraging. B) It is unexpected. D) It is misleading. 54. The idea of “a marathon,, (Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking A) is something few can accomplish C) requires a lot of patience B) needs some practice first D) is a challenge at the beginning 55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually? A) They find it even more difficult. B) They are simply unable to make it. C) They show fewer withdrawal symptoms. D) They feel much less pam in the process. Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地， 灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江漉域(river basin)居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文 化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三兔洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来,长江一 直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。 2017.6/ 8 (第 2 套)2017年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套 ） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ： For ihis part, you are (Mowed 30 mmutes to write cm advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may inchide its brand, specifications/features, condition and price and your contact wformation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：由于2017年6 月四级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容完全一样,只是顺 序不一样,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part DI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ba/nk following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice vn the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use cmy of the words in the bank more them once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. America's Internet is faster than ever before, but people still complain about their Internet being too slow. New York's Attorney General's office 26 an investigation in the fall into whether or not Verizon, Cablevision and Time Warner are delivering broadband thafs as fast as the providers 27 it is. Earlier this month, the office asked for the public's help to measure their speed results, saying consumers 28 to get the speeds they were promised. " Too many of us may be paying for one thing, and getting another,the Attorney General said. If the investigation uncovers anything, it wouldn't be the first time a telecom provider got into 29 over the broadband speeds it promised and delivered customers. Back in June, the Federal Communications Commission fined AT