文档内容
书名：《大学英语四级阅读 200 篇》前 40 篇
出版社：上海交通大学出版社
1/200.
There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we
can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or
two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a buildin
g is no stronger than its foundation, out long-term goals cannot amount to ver
y munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing o
ur short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term
goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals. They
might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they cou
ld even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you sh
ould never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you com
plete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succee
d. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will
increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cov
er five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a lon
g-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
1. Our long-term goals mean a lot ________.
a. if we complete our short-range goals
b. if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc. if we write down the dates
d. if we put forward some plans
2. New short-term goals are bulid upon ________.
a. two years
b. long-term goals
c. current activities
d. the goals that have been completed
3. When we complete each step of our goals, ________.
a. we will win final success
b. we are overwhelmed
c. we should build up confidence of success
d. we should strong desire for setting new goals
4. Once our goals are drawn up, ________.
a. we should stick to them until we complete them
b. we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities
c. we had better wait for the exciting news of success
d. we have made great decision
5. It is implied but not stated in the passage that ________.
a. those who habe long-term goals will succeedb. writing down the dates may discourage you
c. the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination
d. every should have a goal
1/200 答案：adcbc
2/200
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,
almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped an
y postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of t
he year 1955, a typical year of the 1950's, may be typical as illustrating the r
apid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 perc
ent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The
production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged i
n the years immediately following World War 2. The country's business spent
about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income avail
able for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1
950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dolla
rs a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock.
Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wa
nted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not
sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-
1920's. As farmer's shre of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But t
here were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not
as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could n
ot last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.
1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950's
b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950's
c. U. S. Economy in the 50's
d. The Federal Budget of 1952
2. In Line 4, the word “boom” could best be replaced by ________.
a. nearby explosion
b. thunderous noise
c. general public support
d. rapid economic growth
3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the U
nited States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of ________.
a. confidence
b. confusion
c. disappointment
d. suspicion
4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy i
n the 1950's?
a. Economists
b. Frmaersc. Politicians
d. Steelworkers
5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U. S. was grea
ter in 1955 than in 1950. How much was it?
a. 60％
b. 50％
c. 33％
d. 90％
2/200 答案：cdabc
3/200
Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because ther
e are so few women full professors. In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced
a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encourag
ing women. The University was rated among the lowest for the system. In a 1
987 update, Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for ev
en more improvement.
One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to info
rm women of available administrative jobs.
College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon, said it is impo
rtant that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in
the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus, many times in order
for her to succeed, she must rise above the problems around her and concentra
te on her work.
Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the Univ
ersity and all academia, inequities will exist.
"Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that a
re important here at the University."Spirduso said."If they do that will be succ
essful in this system. If they spend their time in little groups mourning the se
xual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study
time."
1. According to Spirduso, women need to ________.
a. produce a report on sexual discrimination
b. call for further improvement in their working conditions
c. spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination
d. spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities
2. From this passage, we know that ________.
a. there are many women full professors in the University of Texas
b. women play an important part in adminitrating the University
c. the weather on the campus is chilly
d. women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the Universi
ty
3. Which of the following statements is true?a. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater tha
n that of 1985
b. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller th
an that of 1985
c. the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985
d. more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did ex
it in the University
4. One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that ________.
a. women were told to con centrate on teir work
b. women were given information about available administrative jobs
c. women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unve
rsity
d. women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities
5. The title for this passage should be ________.
a. The University of Texas
b. Milburn's Report
c. Women Professors
d. Sexual Discrimination in Academia
3/200 答案：ddabd
4/200Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U. S. adlescents wil
l smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adult
s. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will b
e murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a
smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking
outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of de
ath.
Since the late 1970 s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached
30 precent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is im
pressive, several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very
little. Second, in the late 1970 s, smoking among male high school seniors exc
eeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third,
several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high
smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the
past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the
Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most ef
fecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by __
______.
a. traffic accidents
b. smoking-related desease
c. murder
d. all of these2. Every day there are over ________ high school strdents who will become
regular smoker.
a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000
3. By "dropout" the author means ________.
a. students who failed the examination
b. students who left school
c. students who lost their way
d. students who were driven out of school
4. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.
a. NCI has taken effective measures
b. smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c. there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d. none of these
5. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
a. smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b. there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c. high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d. smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
4/200 答案：bdbdb
5/200The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although scien
ce has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the sa
me time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps
eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of c
ancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cu
ltures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food t
hat is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a n
ew discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized tha
t nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additivies,
caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it bec
omes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels
of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not
all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and bec
ause of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes
similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial r
easons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain
a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FD
A. has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
1. What is the best possible title of the passage?
a. Drug and Food
b. Cancer and Health
c. Food and Health
d. Health and Drug
2. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?
a. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some a
re given to the living animals
c. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for
over thirty-five years.
d. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?
a. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually
eliminated.
b. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
c. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances
have been added to food.
d. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.
4. What are nitrates used for?
a. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
b. They preserve the color of meats.
c. They are the objects of research.
d. They cause the animals to become fatter.
5. The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means ' ________'.
a. trouble-making
b. color-retainingc. money-making
d. cancer-causing
5/200 答案：cacbd
6/200
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxati
on. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from m
orning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a heal
thy mind and body.
Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In f
act, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of str
ess is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the
stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the indivi
dual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously p
rime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs
of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react bot
h chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight"
and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or dea
th. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little
the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,
through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such ser
ious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links
with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise
to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.1. People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because ____
____.
a. they do not know how to enjoy themselves
b. they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
c. they are travelling fast all the time
d. they are becoming busier with their work
2. According to the writer, the most important character for a good manager
is his ________.
a. not fearing stress
b. knowing the art of relaxation
c. high sense of responsibility
d. having control over performance
3. Which of the follwing statements is ture?
a. We can find some ways to avoid stress
b. Stress is always harmful to people
c. It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.
d. Different people can withstand different amounts of stress
4. In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to ________.
a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"
c."responding to crises quickly"
d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"
5. In the last sentence of the passage,"do so" refers to ________.
a."expose ourselves to stress"
b."find ways to deal with stress"
c."remove stress from our lives"
d."established links between diseases and stress"
6/200 答案：dadbc
In the 1960 s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society.
They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.
S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out"of American society and form th
eir own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called"commu
nes,"where they could follow their philosophy of"do your own thing."A group
of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called"Drop City." Followi
ng the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domesh
aped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey'
s Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a gr
oup that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled aro
und the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organ
ize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to set
tle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members
of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing,"however.
Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960 s, was based on
the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks
were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that
were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to
build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely to
gether in one large building called an"archology" Soleri believes that people m
ust live closely together so that they will all become one.
1. Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during th
e 1960 s?
a. They were not satisfied with American society.
b. They wanted to grow marijuana.
c. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.
d. They did not want all people to be equal.
2. Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?
a. In dome-shaped house
b. In old school huses
c. On a farm inTennessee
d. In an archology in Arizona
3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?
a. Paolo Soleri
b. B. G. Skinnerc. Steve Gaskin
d. Buckminster Fuller
4. What was the Twin Oaks commune base on?
a. The philosophy of "do your own thing"
b. Virginaia in the late 1960 s
c. The ideas of psychologist
d. The belief that people must live closely togerher.
5. What is an "archology"?
a. A person who studies archaeology
b. A large building where people live closely together
c. A city in A rizona
d. A technique to contorl people
7/200 答案：abdcb
8/200
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is
the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some bein
g more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin
with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportu
nities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the so
rt of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never atta
in the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can
be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X.
Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth proces
ses were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died,
and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of
low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.
Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. H
e was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to
be stimulated intellectually. This enviromental difference continued until the twi
ns were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intell
igence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and f
ully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, th
e twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
1. This selection can best be titled ________.
a. Measuring Your Intelligence
b. Intelligence and Environment
c. The Case of Peter and Mark
d. How the brain Influences Intelligence
2. The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that ________.
a. human brains differ considerably
b. the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence
c. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
3. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is ________.
a.85
b.100
c.110
d.125
4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____
___.
a. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
b. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment
c. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
d. changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain
5. This passage suggests that an individual 's I. Q. ________.
a. can be predicted at birth
b. stays the same throuthout his life
c. can be increased by education
d. is determined by his childhood
8/200 答案：bcbcc
9/200As she walked round the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult i
t was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wishes that he
was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume
Besides, shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience:
people trod on your toes, poked you with their elbows and almost knocked yo
u overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.
Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive
ties were on display. "They are real silk,"the assistant assured her, trying to te
mpt her."Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her
choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small cr
owd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes
on sale - and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long:
although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a
present which was bund to please him.
When she got home, with her small well-chosen present concealed in her hand
bag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an espec
ially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She
informed her daughter.
1. Edith's father ________.
a. did not like present
b. never got present
c. preferred ties
d. was difficult to choose a present for2. The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed ________.
a. attractive
b. interested in ties
c. tired
d. in need of comfort
3. Edith stopped at the next counter ________.
a. purosely
b. suddenly
c. unwillingly
d. accidentally
4. Edith's father smoked a pipe ________.
a. when he was obliged
b. on social occasions
c. from time to time
d. when he was delighted
5. Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because ________.
a. coustomers trod on each other's toes
b. coustomers poked each other with their elbows
c. customers knocked each otherd. customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry
9/200 答案：dbdcd
10/200
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will
eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the m
iddle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all
the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways
of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it neces
sary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other pla
nets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible
solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American sci
entist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it wi
ll be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world al
most as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than th
e earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold at
mospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition
similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be p
laced in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets i
nto the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbo
n dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but
befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to prod
uce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on itbut the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will b
e reproduced on Venus.
1. Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on
earth will probably be the lack of ________.
a. food
b. oil
c. space
d. resources
2. Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because ___
_____
a. it might be possible to change its atmosphere
b. its atmosphere is the same as the earth's
c. there is a good supply of water on Venus
d. the days on Venus are long enough
3. On Venus there is a lot of ________.
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. carbon monoxide
d. oxygen
4. Algae are plants that can ________.a. live in very hot temperatures
b. live in very cold temperatures
c. manufacture oxygen
d. all of the above
5. Man can land on Venus only when ________.
a. the algae have done their work
b. the atmosphere becomes cooler
c. thereis oxygen
d. it rains there
10/200 答案：cabdd
11/200
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, yo
u must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and
excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy,
and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, t
his is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have bee
n seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect t
hat colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts, that we d
o not choose our favourite clour as we grow up - we are born with our prefe
rence. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your
eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
Colours do influence our moods - there is no doubt about it. A yellow room
makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one;
and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near Lo
ndon, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area
- until it was repainter green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell
sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done i
n pink or baby blue.
Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an
established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accide
nts when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
1."You would rather follow than red" means ________.
a. you don't like to follow others
b. you would be a member rather than a leader
c. you would be afraid of following others
d. you would like to be a leader rather than a follower
2. If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer ________.
a. red to yellow
b. blue to orange
c. red to grey
d. blue to yellow
3."They tell us, among other facts, that we don't choose our favourite colours
as we grow up.""Among other facts" means ________.
a. besides other factsb. in regard to other facts
c. not considering other facts
d. according to other facts
4. Which of the following is facts?
a. People's preference of one colour to another is instinct
b. People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.
c. More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown wh
en they were born
d. Colours have little influence on our moods
5. Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River
near london to others because of ________.
a. its shape
b. its structure
c. its colour
d. its building materials
11/200 答案：bcaac
12/200
Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered i
mpolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was cons
idered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought
of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or
the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use b
oth hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap, or on the table
?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also shar
e a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and Englan
d people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most
Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman, a
nd so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in A
merica. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either
arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything t
hat might make other people feel uncomfortable - especially if they are your g
uests. When the food was served, one of the guests strated to eat his peas wit
h a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly pick
ed up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad m
anners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.
1. If one has accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if he is tobe la
te for the dinner?
a. He should find an excuse
b. He should adk for excuse.
c. He should say sorry
d. He should telephone to explain his being late.
2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomf
ortable.""Bad manners" means ________.a. ugly
b. dishonest
c. impolite
d. shameful
3. which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?
a. Social Customs and Customs
b. Social Life
c. American and British Customs
d. Promptness Is Important
4. According to the text, the best host ________.
a. tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable
b. makes his guests feel excited
c. tries to avoid being naughty to his guests
d. tries to avoid being foolish
5. The author of this article may agree with which of the following?
a. The guest who ate his peas with a knife
b. The other guests who were amused or shocked
c. The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way
d. None of the above
12/200 答案：dcaac13/200
New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718
.
Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the A
merican hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It wa
s transferred from France to Spain, returned to France, and finally sold by Na
poleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle
fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it, and the American
s under General And rew Jackson.
The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actual
ly higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used t
o move water from the city into the river.
Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two ce
nturies, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still re
tains parts of the Code Napoleon which, form many years, was its only law.
New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and it
s native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French
colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are
surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy ind
ustrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargo
es are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town - but
it's still fun to visit.
1. What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?
a. The Mississippi frequently floods the city.
b. The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c. The torrential rains flood the city frequently.
d. The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.
2. The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against ________.
a. France
b. Britain
c. Spain
d. The North
3. The Code Napoleon was ________.
a. an agreement to sell Louisiana
b. a body of laws
c. a city plan
d. a military code for the army
4. Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inha
bitants of New Orleans?
a. Pride in their French heritage.
b. A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.
c. A refusal to engage in trade and commerce
d. A praising of Dixieland Jazz.
5. Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter ________.a. Creole food
b. Dixieland jazz
c. bustling city
d. authentic colonial homes
13/200 答案： bbbcc
14/200
The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's te
chnology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for
this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U. S. scientists and engine
ers.
Since 1976, employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This tren
d is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-ye
ar-olds - the near term source of future PH. D. s-is declining. Further adding t
o the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fiel
ds-law, medicine, business, etc. While the number of U. S. PH. D. s in scienc
e and engineering declines, the award of PH. D. s to foreign nationals is incre
asing rapidly.
Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at
the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has f
or bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH. D.
candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their educati
on, find the attraction of industry irresistible.
1. The U. S. will come to lose its leading place in technology probably beca
use ________.a. the number of PH. D. degree holders is declining
b. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing
c. the number of 22-year-ilds is declining
d. scientists and engineers are not employed
2. The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from _______
_.
a. technology
b. foreign nationals
c. such fields as law, medicine and business
d. postgraduates
3. Large-scale enterprises now need ________.
a. bright graduates and postgraduates
b. new inventions
c. advanced technology
d. engineers
4. Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH. D. degree be
cause ________.
a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in science
b. industry does not require PH. D. holdersc. they have financial difficulties
d. they will spend much time and energy completing PH. D.
5. PH. D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _
_______.
a. they find industry is attracting more and more college students
b. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industry
c. they cannot resist any attraction from all sides
d. they cannot work for industry any longer
14/200 答案：bcadb
15/200
Newdays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell
a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influen
ce be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military ef
fectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power. But political influ
ence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that witho
ut its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new
standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on
the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the
world.
America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping wo
rld events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to a
dapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the
purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this periodwas unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled othe
r countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.
The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the D
epartment of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutio
nal forces in our society-government, industry, and education. That is not to sa
y that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process becau
se we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by othe
rs as the savior of American industry.
1. Now a nation's political influence depends on ________.
a. the strength of its military forces
b. its ability to compete in industry
c. economic markets
d. both a and b
2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _
_______.
a. its powerful military forces
b. its vast land
c. its industrial competitiveness
d. its contributions to world peace
3. The author indicates that ________ is threatening American political power.
a. other countriesb. the declining U. S. industrial base
c. a new standard for measuring power
d. less advanced technology
4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably be
cause of ________.
a. its ability to adapt technology
b. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its people
c. its ability to compete in the world markets
d. both a and b
5. The purpose of writing this article is ________.
a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring power
b. to demonstrate American political influence in the world
c. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U. S. i
ndustrial base
d. to show American industrial prowess
15/200 答案：dabdc
16/200
Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing
so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the
cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it
unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or si
ze. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time
to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or
give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healt
hier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against
each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged b
y removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the fre
e movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provi
des an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a
race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or di
e, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of e
very gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing
will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry f
or a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from gard
en shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interf
erence from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will
bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
1. Pruning should be done to ________.
a. make the tree grow taller
b. improve the shape of the tree
c. get rid of the small branches
d. make the small branches thicker2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ________.
a. allows too many branches to grow in the middle
b. does not protect them from wind
c. forces them to grow too quickly
d. damages some of the small side branches
3. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?
a. To make a wound smooth
b. To prevent disease entering a wound
c. To cover a rough surface
d. To help a wound to dry
4. A good gardener prunes a tree ________.
a. at intervals throughout the year
b. as quickly as possible
c. occasionally when necessary
d. regular every winter
5. What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?
a. To give pratical instruction for pruning a tree.
b. To give a general description of pruning
c. To explain how trees develop diseasesd. To discuss different methods of pruning.
16/200 答案：babca
17/200
On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Carke, dressed for going out, took her handbag w
ith her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and we
nt to the over 60 s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice
outing for an old woman who lived alone.
At six o'clock she cane home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke.
Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked
the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There
was no sign of forced entry.
Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitte
d her front door-"a master key"perhaps. So she stayed at home the following
Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Th
ursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she did
n't go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in t
hrough her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.
It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was
making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her
letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she
moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through
the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob
on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the
hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers
like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. C
larke heard the sound of running feet.1. Mrs. Clarke looded forward to Thursday because ________.
a. she worked at a club on the day
b. she said visitors on Thursdays
c. she visited a club on Thursday
d. a special visitor came on Thursday
2. If someone had made a forced entery, ________.
a. Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window
b. he or she was still in the house
c. things would have been thown about
d. he or she would have needed a master key
3. On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out ________.
a. because she didn't want to miss the club again
b. to see if the thief was hnging about outside
c. to the club but then changed her mind
d. in an attempt to trick the thief
4. The lock on the front door was one which ________.
a. needed a piece of wire to open it
b. could he opened from inside without a key
c. could't be opened without a keyd. used a knob instead of a key
5. The wire feel to the floor ________.
a. because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door
b. when the man's glove dropped off
c. because it was too hot to hold
d. because the man justwanted to get away
17/200 答案：cadbd
18/200
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark gla
sses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,
and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".
The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not ca
use snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes f
requently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered
terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire
landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour,
the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscl
es ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which cover
s the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision bl
urs, then is obsured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindn
ess.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Sc
outs ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergree
n bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landsca
pe, Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their
gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to s
ee, stop scouring the snow-blanketed lanscape. By focusing their attention on o
ne object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly
snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is
overcome.
1. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare fro
m snow, dark glasses are ________.
a. indispensible
b. useful
c. ineffective
d. available
2. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to ________.
a. clear the vision
b. remedy snowblindness
c. ease the irritation
d. loosen the muscles
3. Snowblindness may be avoided by ________.
a. concentrating to the solid white terrain
b. searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
c. providing the eyes with something to foucs ond. covering the eyeballs with fluid
4. The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to ________.
a. bive the men behind something to see
b. beautify the landscape
c. warm themselves in the cold
d. prevent the men behind from losing their way
5. A suitable title for this passage would be ________.
a. snowblindness and how to overcome it
b. natrue's cure for snowblindness
c. soldiers in the snow
d. snow vision
18/200 答案：CCCAA
19/200
Water problems in the future will become nore intense and more complex. Our
increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage.
On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantialy the
amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries whi
ch involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volu
mes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are nox
ious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be inte
nsified. This will involve ever-increasingquantities of agricultural chemicals, From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop
corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The fir
st relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This in
volves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of l
iquid wastes, or efflunets, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize polluti
on upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the was
tes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Efflu
ents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation an
d for the nutrients contained. Efflunets from other processing plants may also
be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and
poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into
marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential eonomic uses for waste pr
oducts.
1. The purpose of this passage is ________.
a. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply
b. to explain industrial uses of water
c. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
d. to demostrate various measures to solve the pollution problem
2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?
a. In dustrial development incudes the simplification of complex chemical pro
cesses.
b. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of waterc. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population
d. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals
3. The reader can conclued that ________.
a. countries of the world will work together on polution problems
b. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
c. science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
d. some industries are now, aking economic use of wastes
4. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ________.
a. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
b. opinions and personal observations
c. definitions which clarify important terms
d. strong arguments and persuasions
5. The words "prior to"(para.2) probably mean ________.
a. after
b. during
c. before
d. beyond
19/200 答案: cadbc
20/200One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to ad
mit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like
"I was wrong about that,"and it is even harder to say,"I was wrong, and you
were right about that."
I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made
a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain
grocery store in the neighbourhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I re
membered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and Ibegan to remembe
r vaguely the incident he was describing.
I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gome into the store with
may mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must
have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident tood plac
e.
There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an i
mpressive display of eggs indozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were st
acked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to ad
mire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and kno
cked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to
put the display back together, so I want to work.
The manager heard the moise and came rushing over to see what had happene
d. When he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to s
ee if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the
culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eg
gs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even th
ough I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.
1. How old was the author when he wrote this article?a. about 8
b. about 18
c. about 23
d. about 15
2. Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons?
a. The author
b. The manager
c. A woman
d. The author's mother
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. The woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons was seriously criticized
by the mananger
b. The author was severely critizized by the manager.
c. A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons
d. It was the author who put the display back together
4. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
a. Its Harder to Admit One's Mistake
b. I was once the culprit
c. I remember an incidentd. A case of mistaken identity
5. The tone of the article expresses the author's ________.
a. admiration for the manager's willingness to admit mistakes
b. anger to the manager for his wrong accusation
c. indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons
d. reget for the mistake the made in the store
20/200 答案：ccada
21/200
Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with train
ed eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's flight one of the scientists wrote i
n his book, 'Look here for probable metal' Scientists in another airplane, flying
over a mountain region, sent a message to other scientists on the ground,'Gold
possible.' Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported,'This ground sho
uld be searched for metals.' From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist
sent back by radio one word,'Uranium'.
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking
down below the earth's surface. They were merely putting to use one of the n
ewest methods of location minerals in the ground - using trees and plants as s
igns that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and
plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that mineral
s deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the
surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of Brit
ish Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxed were filled with small banches from te trees. Roots were dug and put into
boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory the p
arts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was e
xamined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were smal
l amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds.
The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing
on the ends of the branches.
If the trees had not indicated that there was gold in the ground, the scientists
would not have spent money to pay for digging into the deeper. They did dig
and found more fold below. They dug deeper. They found large quantities of
gold.
1. Scientists were flying over a desert or hilly wasteland or a mountain regio
n in order to search for ________ in the ground.
a. gold
b. silver
c. metals
d. minerals
2. The study of trees, branches and roots indicates that ________.
a. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds.
b. there were small amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches
c. there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing nearest to the tree
trunk than seeds growing on the ends of branches.d. there were more gold in the branches than in the roots
3. Which is the best title?
a. Scientists searching for metals with sepcial power
b. New methods of searching for minerals
c. Gold could be found by trees and plants
d. A new method of searching for minerals - using trees and plants
4. Which of the following is not mentioned as part of a tree that can help fi
nd minerals?
a. leaves
b. roots
c. branches
d. seeds
5. The scientists were searching for minerals by using ________.
a. X-ray
b. magic power
c. a special instrument
d. trained eyes
21/200 答案：dcdad
22/200In the United States, it is not customary to telephone somenone very early in
the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or ha
ving breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important an
d requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone call
s made after 11:00 p. m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he
assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communica
tes its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to
feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended
only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countrie
s. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appoi
ntment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than
a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of thime differs in different p
arts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between peopel from cultures t
hat treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for ed
ample. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not full
y responsible. In the U. S. no noe would think of keeping a business associate
waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late,
he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete t
he sentence.
1."The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.."He
re" attached" means ________
a. taken
b. drawn
c. given
d. shown2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean
________.
a. the matter is important
b. the matter is somewhat important
c. the matter requires immediate attention
d. it is a matter of life and death
3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in ________.
a. everyday life
b. shool life
c. communications
d. private life
4. The best title for this passage is ________.
a. the voices of time
b. the importance of time
c. the importance of an ammouncement
d. time and tide wait for no man
5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to which of
the following statements?
a. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a
dinner party date in U. S. A.b. It may be appropriate to send your invitation to your guests three or four
days before a dinner party date in some cultures.
c. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much l
ess.
d. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.
22/200 答案：cdcab
23/200
Liberia, the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica, has been strugglin
g for survial ever since its foundation in 1822. Progress has been hampered by
constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there
in the early 19th century, and the West Africans whose ancestors never left th
e continent. Though the two groups are of the same race, they are divided by
language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a con
flict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.
In addition, neighboring states, native tribel, disease, and poverty have made lif
e dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately, through loans
and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet. Anxiety about financial matters less
ened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Li
beria's sruvival. However, not until Harvey Firestone, the American rubber king,
decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber - with Liberia as th
e site of the rubber plantations - did liberia have much hope of paying its deb
ts and balancing its budget.
The rubber industry, founded in the 1920's, and the activity that followed it br
ought both progerss and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roa
ds, no mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education a
nd few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this
reason, the recent discovery of iron ore is important. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's
political and economic independence.
1. Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because ______
__.
a. the american negroes do not want to help the country.
b. there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in
the country.
c. there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of th
e same tride.
d. the goverment has adoped a wrong policy
2."The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, t
o make ends meet."to make ends meet" means ________.
a. the goverment has to borrow money from others
b. the goverment has to lend money to others
c. the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend money
d. the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money
3. The country's finance began to improve a bit in ________.
a.1822
b.1910
c.1920
d.1920's4. The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in ________.
a. a total agreement
b. a total disagreement
c. a hostility
d. not a total agreement
5. The best title for this passage is ________.
a. American Negroes in West Africa
b. liberia - a poor country
c. liberia and its development
d. liberia - a country with rich rubber and iron
23/200 答案：ccbdc
24/200
The accuracy of cientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy
of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested
in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.
In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depen
d on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking". This is po
ssible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of
vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or"ticks" 24 bil
lion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probaly lose no more than a
second in 3000 years. It will be of great improtance in fields such as astrono
mical is a sesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to
the temperature of boiling water.
An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecue may be used to chec
k the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according t
o which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Pl
aced in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the cl
ock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would b
e compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develo
p would be checked against the differences predicted.
1. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ________.
a. more precise
b. absolutely accurate
c. more durable
d. indestructible
2. The heart of the atomichron is ________.
a. acesium atom
b. an ammonia molecule
c. a nitrogen atom
d. a hydrogen
3. From theselection, we may assume that temperature changes ________.a. affect only ammonia molecules
b. may affect the vibration rate of atoms
c. affect the speed at which atoms travel
d. do not affect atoms in any way
4. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check ________.
a. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock
b. the actual speed of an orbiting satelite
c. the accuacy of predictions based on theories of relativity
d. all of Einstein's theories
5. Implied but not stated: ________.
a. Precise timekeeping is essential in science
b. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theories
c. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight
d. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies
24/200 答案: aabcc
25/200
Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a li
ght frame covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The frame can be one of many
different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound ona drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many different t
ypes of kite have been debeloped to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. T
he current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such
a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird-like wings, it looks just
like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue-pape
r rather than the traditional silk.
Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for ge
tting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as w
orld 2, German U-boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air
to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made o
f light-weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese one
s. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, t
his type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make
with a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.
Box-kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box-kite,
named for its box-like body, was developed in the nineteenth century to test t
heories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatly assisted the succes
s of early aeroplane. These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the
box-kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed
for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern
kite described which has practical value. A long-lasting plastic material has to
be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.
1. The ancient Chinese bird-kites were usually made of light frames covered
with ________.
a. silkb. paper
c. cloth
d. plastic
2. The kites used by German U-boats in would war 2 for the military purpos
e were made of ________.
a. brown paper
b. plastic material
c. light-weight cloth
d. traditional silk
3. The ancient Chinese man-lifting kites were used ________.
a. to carry ropes across rivers and valleys
b. for the military purpose
c. as toy for children
d. for fishing in strong sea wind
4. Which of the following statements is not ture?
a. The frame of a kite is attached to long string held in the hand or wound
on drum.
b. The ancestor of the double box-kite.
c. The cutter kite has a diamond-shaped body but no wings.d. The current folding kite is developed to test theories of flight.
5. The best title for this passage may be ________.
a. The ancestors of modern kites
b. The history of the chinese kites
c. different types and uses of kites
d. the different between ancient and modern kites.
25/200
答案：acbdc
26/200
Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education.
The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is n
ot administered by the government, but rather by committees of educators and
private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary
Schools and the Society of Engineers.
Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U. S., a studen
t should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that t
he school has a recoginized standard of organization, instruction, and financial
support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's
accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize
a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.
If a college is accredited, catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the ac
creditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school, don't hesitate to
check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U. S. embassy.1. The word 'unique' in line 2 most nearly means ________.
a. unusual
b. first
c. standard
d. large
2. What school students do in order to check the accreditation of a school th
at may interest them?
a. Write to the school
b. Write to the U. S. Ministry of Education
c. Register to study at the school
d. Consult a U. S. embassy offical
3. From this passage, it may be concluded that an unaccredited
school ________.
a. does not coffer degree
b. may close because of financial disorganization
c. is administered by the government
d. is better than an accredited school
4. The title that best expresses the ideas in this passage is ________.
a. studying in the untied statesb. accreditation
c. how to find the best school
d. the middle states association of colleges and secondary schools
26/200 答案：adbb
27/200
Personality is, to large extent, inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-
type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if
competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor li
ves of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its
very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win
at all costs"moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.
The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or ag
ainst the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types see
m in some way better than thier B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can h
ave dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon ru
nner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".
By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasi
s on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on thos
e things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat
questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively h
armful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change int
o 'B's. The would needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fi
t a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.1. Acoording to the author, waht factors contribute to the building of personal
ity?
a. inheritance
b. inheritance, competition and environment
c. competition
d. environment
2. Which of the following statements is not ture according to the author of t
he passage?
a. Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.
b. Students are often divided by competition results.
c. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.
d. The stronger desire for winning, the better.
3. The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ________.
a. pull up
b. take up
c. take in
d. pull in
4. What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?
a. positiveb. negative
c. doubtful
d. neutral
5. what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of scho
ols?
a. All students be made into competitive A types.
b. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.
c. All students be changed into
B. characteristics
d. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.
27/200 答案：bdccb
28/200
Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco
began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was
little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possess
ion of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of
gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded thei
r dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds o
f sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels
disgorged thousands of passengers - then the crews deserted teir ship and hund
reds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had e
nough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the
hub of that newly-arrived population.The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of li
ving, good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its c
able cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seaf
ood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific B
asin spend several days getting to know the town.
1. According to this article, who were the first Californians?
a. deserters from sailing ships
b. spanish ranchers
c. gold miners
d. tourists
2. san francisco's appeal includes all of the following factors ________.
a. attractive lifestyle, good seafood, desirable weather
b. tourist attactions, extreme seasons, cable cars
c. wagon trains, gold mining, good climate
d. cable cars, pleasent climate, flat terrain
3. san francisco today is a thriving city because of ________.
a. heavy industry
b. governmental headquarters
c. goldmining
d. trade and tourism4. In waht year did California become an American state?
a.1850
b.1852
c.1846
d.1848
28/200 答案: bada
29/200
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, c
ycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some
kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often
looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer col
d and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonsihment is cau
sed probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of acti
vity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as t
here are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of ad
ifferent kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom fro
m man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those
who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think
that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a 'team game'. We should
be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no 'matches' between 'teams' of clim
bers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their li
ves may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronge
r and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport
tequires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is p
robably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champi
ons are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty
to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than young
er men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and
their certianly experience equal enjoyment.
1. Mountaineering involves ________.
a. cold
b. hardship
c. physical risk
d. all of the above
2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of __
______.
a. activity
b. rules
c. uniform
d. participants
3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because ________.
a. it is an Olympic eventb. teams compete against each other
c. mountaineers depend on other while climbing
d. there are 5 climbers on each team
4. Mountaineers compete against ________.
a. nature
b. each other
c. other teams
d. international standards
5. Choose the best title for the passage ________.
a. mountaineering is different from golf and football
b. mountaineering is more attractive than other sports
c. mountaineering
d. mountain climbers
29/200 答案：dbcac
30/200
No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world, but
estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled peopl
e in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.In the united Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disabilit
y is not just something tht happens to other people: as we get older, many of
us will become less mobile, hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people
are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. Ther
e are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse
they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a
period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All are affected by people'
s attitude towards them.
Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to
work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up
steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see w
here you were going or could not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers:
prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represent
s by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied
to fuly appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to
draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and t
heir ability, not their disability, which counts.
1. The first paragraph points out that ________.
a. there are many disabled people in the world
b. the number of disabled people in India is the greatest
c. India has much more disabled people that Canada
d. it is impossible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people
2. The key word in paragraph 4 is ________.A. disability
b. ignorance
c. prejudice
d. barriers
3. The last word of the passage "counts" most probably means ________.
a. is most important
b. is considered
c. is included
d. is numbered
4. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. even the able-bodied many lose some of their body functions when they g
et older.
b. there are about 10 percent disabled persons in the UK.
c. the whole society should pay due attention to the barriers faced by the dis
abled people
d. there still exists prejudice against the disabled which results mainly from i
gnorance
5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
a. we should try our best to prevent disablement
b. both physical and metal barriers are hard to break downc. we just take a proper attitude towards the disabled
d. the able-bodies people will never fully understand the disabled
30/200 答案：adadc
31/200
Courses with the numbers 800 or above are open only to graduate students. C
ertain courses, generally those devoted to introductory material, are numbered 4
00 for undergraduate students and 600 for graduate students. Courses designed
for students seeking a professional degree carry a 500 number for undergraduat
e students and a 700 munber for graduate students.
A full-time graduate student is expected to take courses which total ten to sixt
een credit hours. Students holding assistantships are expected to enroll for prop
ortionately fewer hours. A part-time graduate student must register for a minim
un of five credit hours.
1. In order to be eligible to enroll in Mechanical Engineering 850, a student
must be ________.
a. a graduate student
b. a part-time student
c. a full-time student
d. an undergraduate student
2. If an undergraduate student uses the number 520 to register for an account
ing course, what number would a graduate student probably use to register for
the same course?a. accounting 520
b. accounting 620
c. accounting 720
d. accounting 820
3. A student who register for eight credit hours is a ________.
a. full-time student
b. graduate student
c. part-time student
d. non-degree student
4. A graduate student may not ________
a. enroll in a course numbered 610
b. register for only one three-hour course
c. register for courses if he has an assistantship
d. enroll in an introductory course
31/200 答案：accb
32/200
Byrne turned the key in the heavy lock and put it calmly in his pocket. He di
d so much more from caution than from any kind of fear. This was the only
entrance to the house, and he did not mean to be caught unawares by any da
nger from outside. He wondered if Tom Corbin had been as cautious the nightbefore. Though Tom would be away for at least three days, Byrne had a stran
ge feeling of his nearness. In the stillness he seemed to hear Tom's voice. He
looked round quickly, for the tricks of hearing are the most realistic of all. Bu
t there were only the women. It seemed impossible that Tom should not be th
ere.
The girl, carrying a smoky oil lamp, led Byrne upstairs. He threw open one af
ter another the doors along the passage. At this, the girl stopped and raised th
e lamp in each doorway, staring at him meanwhile. Satisfied he was the only
guest, Byrne came to the last door, which the girl threw open herself.
"You sleep here, sir"she said, giving him the lamp."Your friend slept here too.
It's our most comfortable bed."
"Good night, miss," he said politely.
Her lips moved in reply, but he did not catch the words. Her eyes never for
a moment left his face. He stepped in, and as he turned to close the door she
was still standing there motionless. He paused, and in the silence he thought h
e again heard the sound of Tom's voice. The sound ferrified him now, not onl
y because it seemed much nearer but also because he imagined a note of war
ning in it.
1. Why did Byrne take the key with him?
a. to let Tom in, when he turned.
b. because he was afraid of what was going to happen
c. to stop any enemy being let into the house
d. because he did not want the women to escape
2. We know from the passage that Tom Corbin ________.a. had left the house three days befor
b. had left quite as suspicious as Byrne was
c. has stayed in the house for three days.
d. had slept in the house the night before
3. Byrne was surprised when he turned round because ________.
a. Tom was not in the room
b. he had not expected to find Tom there
c. there was no danger behind him
d. the women were there
4. Why did Byrne look inside each room?
a. he wanted to choose the best room for himself
b. he was looking for tom corbin
c. the girl wanted him to examine each of the rooms.
d. he wished to make sure there was no one inside
5. Although Byrne politely wished the girl good night ________.
a. she gave him a rude answer
b. she did not leave him
c. she refused to look at him
d. she said nothing to him6. What made Byrne very frighteded?
a. the strangeness of the place
b. being along, at the end of the passage
c. the sound he thought he heard
d. the danger out side
33/200
Passage 65
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a fa
miliar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environmen
ts, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared enviro
nmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental fact
or commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i. e., sodium chloride), h
as been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that
chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and anim
als. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt
without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environment
al factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never de
veloped hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension
followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result fro
m differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop
hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain (the "R"Strain) has been evo
lved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blo
od pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been develop
ed.
The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possibl
e. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some cli
nical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there
might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility
of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its
appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the
characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out __
______.
a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2. The main difference between "S"and"R" rats is their ________.
a. need for sodium 22
b. rate of mating
c. reaction to salt
d. type of blood
3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ________.
a. control high blood pressureb. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
c. tell the "S"rats from the"R" rats
d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
4. The most beneficial results of the research might be ________.
a. development of diets free of salt
b. an early cure for high blood pressure
c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
b. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.
c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
33/200
Passage 65 答案：acddd
34/200
Passage 66
"Culture shock"occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture. It happens
to"people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understan
d people's behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that"yes"may not always me
an"yes", that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statemen
ts that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigner may be
unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to appr
oach a stranger. The notion of"culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilde
rment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrat
ions that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once famili
ar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for
university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping whth
the new society may arise.
"... when an individual enters a strange culture, he or she is like fish out of
water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated f
rom the native members of the culture. When this happens visitors may want t
o reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate
the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely visitors may scorn their n
ative country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with (if o
nly temporatily) the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt t
o over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in
it.
1. The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests ________.
a. people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture
b. a fish can not survive without water
c. people away from their culture experience mental isolation
d. people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment2. In order to identify with the new environment, some people may ________
.
a. give an exaggerated picture of their own country
b. criticize the positive aspects of their own county
c. abandon their original beliefs
d. accept a temporary set of values
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?
a. Perplexity results in culture shock.
b. A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion.
c. Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety.
d. Culture shock happens to foreign students only.
4. Newcomer may worry about ________.
a. their ignorance of the alien customs
b. their knowledge of "Yes" in the native language
c. their understanding of friendship
d. their control of their behavior
5. When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to co
pe whith, he is most likely to feel ________.
a. uninsuredb. deprived
c. alienated
d. baffled
32/200 答案：cdadbc
35/200
Passage 7
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of
different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many w
ays. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of lookin
g at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more dis
agreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.
In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in
mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening m
ore areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in ma
ny ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportun
ity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditi
ons may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and mo
re readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for e
xample, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in
life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional as
pects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in t
he complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are ac
ceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes mo
re readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp
dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Bl
ack Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp
difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
1. The passage is mainly discussing ________.
a. the necessity of social change
b. certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
c. two different societies
d. certain factors that promote social change
2. ________ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.
a. Joint interest
b. Different points of view
c. Less emotional people
d. Advanced technology
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional as
pects of society.
b. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down socia
l change.
c. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.d. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they we
re young.
4. The expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to ________.
a."greater willingness to accept social change"
b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances"
c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior"
d."geeater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas"
5. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite si
milar in many ways because ________.
a. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom t
hink it necessary to change
b. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much diffic
ulty
c. people there are easy to please
d. people there are less disputed
35/200 答案：bbbca
36/200
passage 8
The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he
had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several Eur
opean languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excellent cover: onthe pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attracting attention, vi
sit any neutral country.
It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,"You know
you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work. I'll tell
you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign governm
ent minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover from a cold and
he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a despatchcas
e.
"A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restaurant or
other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and
when he came to himself in the morning the lady and the despatch-case had d
isappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theory is that
when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass."
"Do you mean to say that happened the other day?"said Ashenden wearily.
"The week before last."
"Impossible,"cried Ashenden."Why, we've been putting that incident on the stag
e for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say t
hat life has only just caught up with us?"
"Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story."said the Colonel,"And believe m
e, the government concerned has been put to no end of trouble by the loss of
the documents."
"Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service,"sighed Ashend
en,"that I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, it's
washout."1. How did the Colonel suggest that Ashenden's being a writer would relate t
o his work as a spy?
a. It would make travelling abroad more possible.
b. It would make it easier for him to meet people.
c. It would enable him to avoid arousing suspicion.
d. It would enable him to use the languages he knew.
2. The reason for the Minister's trip was ________.
a. to fetch some documents
b. to get over an illness
c. to meet a spy
d. to deliver some papers
3. According to the Colonel the incident happened ________.
a. a few days before
b. a few weeks before
c. two weeks before
d. sixty years before
4. Ashenden cried 'Impossible' after hearing the Colonel's story because he th
ought ________.
a. it could not possibly happenb. it was too embarrassing
c. it was too close to fiction
d. it was too recent
5. The effect of the loss of documents on the foreign government was that _
_______.
a. it put an end to one source of trouble
b. it caused them a lot of inconvenience
c. they merely denied it had happened
d. they refused to believe it
36/200 passage 8 答案：cbccd
37/200
Passage 67
The United States is a federal union of 50 states. The capital of national gove
rnment is in Washington, D. C.(District of Columbia). The federal constitution
sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activ
ities. The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are ne
cessary for the common defense and the good of the nation. It also gives the
federal government the power to deal with national and international problems
that involve more than one state. All powers that are not given to the federal
government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.
The federal government has three branches - the executive, the legislative, and
the judicial. The legislative brandch makes the laws, executive branch carries out the laws, and judicial branch interprets the laws. The President heads the ex
ecutive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch. The legislativ
e branch includes both houses of Congress - the Senate and the House of Rep
rsentatives. The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one
branch from gaining too much power. For example, Congress can pass a Law
the President may sign it. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court can declare the law
unconstitutional and nullify it.
All government in the United States is "of the people, by the people and for t
he people". The people elect the President and the members of Congress. How
ever, the President appoints the heads of federal departments and the Supreme
Court judges. Every citizen votes in secret. Consequently, no one knows for w
hom and indevidual votes. The people believe that their government should pro
vide a frameword and order within which they are left free to run their own l
ives.
1. Who makes the laws?
a. The Congress.
b. The Federal government.
c. The President.
d. The supreme Court.
2. The capital of the United States lies in ________.
a. the state of the COlumbia
b. none of the fifty states
c. the state of New Yorkd. the state of Washington
3. Based on what you can know from the passage, which of the following st
atements is true?
a. The heads of federal departments are elected by the people.
b. The President sets up the structures of the federal government.
c. The judicial branch has the authority to explain the laws.
d. The constitution gives all powers to the federal government.
4. The constitution limits the powers of each branch of the federal governme
nt because ________.
a. the U. S. has fifty states
b. the individual states have their own governments
c. the federal government has three branches
d. any one branch should not have too much power
5. The main point of this passage is ________.
a. the three branches of the U. S. government
b. American government
c. the Federal Consititution
D. the people should be left free to run their own lives
37/200 Passage 67 答案：abcdb38/200
Passage 69
40. Years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But
when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, Eng
land in 1984 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Ge
rnamy, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre
at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries inc
luded sport for the disabled.
In the first games just tow teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year,1
949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast.
Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the fir
st Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the no
rmal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years G
ames for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelcha
ir Olympic Games,1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.
Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, alo
ng with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendshiop an
d understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't e
njoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and tak
e part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International
Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the a
ble-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortun
ate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athlets should not be e
xcluded.1. The first games for the desabled were held ________ after Sir Ludwig Gu
ttmann arrived in England.
a.40 years
b.21 years
c.10 years
d.9 years
2. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once hel
d in ________.
a. New York
b. London
c. Rome
d. Los Angeles
3. In Paragraph 3, the word "athletes" means ________.
a. people who support the games
b. people who watch the games
c. people who organize the games
d. people who compete in the games
4. Which of the following statements in NOT true?
a. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.b. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.
c. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.
d. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.
5. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is ________.
a. one of the organizers of the games for the disabled
b. a disabled person who once took part in the games
c. against holding the games for the disabled
d. in favour of holding the games for the disabled
36/200 答案：cbccb
39/200
passage 9
Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem
taking tests when she began college."I was always well prepared for my tests.
Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the te
st, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out
because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grade
s on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher."Another student in mi
crobiology and similar experiences. He said,"My first chemistry test was very
difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervou
s that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it
was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the materical and I knew the answers. Ye
t I couldn't even writen them down!"These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Bec
ause a student worries and it uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not w
ork as well as it usually does. The student can't write or think clearly because
of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a resu
lt of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently,
test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a fa
lse explanation of lazy students.
Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, cou
nselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At
some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show
their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal wit
h their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Student
s are trained to become calm in bery tense situations. By controlling their nerv
ousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then come
s out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains."With almost all students, rel
axation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experien
ce better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With s
ome, the improvement is very great."
1. To "blank out" is probably ________.
a. to be like a blanket
b. to be sure of an answer
c. to be unable to think clearly
d. to show knowledge to the teacher
2. Poor grades are usually the result of ________.a. poor hygienic habits
b. laziness
c. lack of sleep
d. inability to form good study habits
3. Test anxiety has been recognized as ________.
a. an excuse for laziness
b. the result of poor habits
c. a real problem
d. something that can't be changed
4. To deal with this problem, students say they want to ________.
a. take a short course on anxiety
b. read about anxiety
c. be able to manage or understand their anxiety
d. take test to prove they are not anxiety
5. A University of California counselor said ________.
a. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety
program
b. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California co
unseling coursec. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special
test anxiety course
d. students found it easy to relax as soon as they extered a University of Cal
ifornia counseling course
39/200 答案：cdcab
40/200
passage 11
Washington now covers the entire District Columbia. It was first known as Na
tional city, and it remains the capital of the USA. The authority to establish a
federal district was embodied in the Consitution but the city's lacation resulted
from an early political compromise. Originally ten miles square, the District's l
ands were taken from Virginia and Maryland. In the 1840 s, congress returned
Virginia's land and now many governmental buildings are outside the federal d
istrict. Until 50 years ago, Washington's population was small - as was the nat
ion's concept of government. Now there are 3 million inhabitants.
George Washington was deeply involved in creating this city. His home, Moun
t Vernon, was only 25 miles away but during his presidency, the national capi
tal was in New York city. The american government occupied its new capital
1800 and the city was then named in honor of George Washington who had r
ecently died.
Few cities are as impressive or beautiful as washington. It has a great mall wi
th the Capital at one end the Lincoln Memorial at the other. In mid-point is t
he Washington Monument. The white house is just off the mall.
Washington attracts millions of tourists annually - people who come to see the
ir government in action and to examine the dozens of museums, galleries, parks and buildings. The heaviest tourist invasion is in the spring when the weathe
r is best and when hundreds of cherry trees, a gift from japan, are in bloom.
1. Washington is beautifulo city because ________.
a. its flat terrain allows for easy arrangement of buildings
b. its location is in the center of the nation
c. it has many museums
d. it was carefully planned and has a graceful mall
2. The district of columbia and the city of washington ________.
a. occupy the same real estate
b. hold all of the buildings of the national capital
c. provide homes for all the federal government employees
d. are in lands once belonging to Virginaia
3. Aspringtime visit to washington would be good except for one of these re
asons: ________.
a. good weather
b. cherry trees in bloom
c. all of the facilities are open
d. too many tourists
4. The land which comprises the present District of Columbia ________.a. always belonged to the national government
b. until very recently covered land ceded by two states
c. is in area which once belonged entirely to Maryland
d. is strictly limited to governmental operations
5. The location of Washington was selected because ________.
a. of a political compromise between two political parties
b. George Washington did not wish to commute far from Mount Vernon
c. a tidal river nearby made for easy ocean access
d. Virginia wanted to get rid of some land
41/200
Passage 72
Not all long-distance phone calls are made over phone wires. Today, phone wi
res are being replaced by fiber optics. Fiber optics make telephoning faster and
easier than ever before.
In the past, telephone calls were made mostly over copper wires. Copper wires
are heavy and bulky. Fiber optics are flexible, glass fibers. They are no thicke
r than a human hair. A wire cable is as thick as a man's arm. An optical fibe
r cable is as thick as a thumb.
Fiber optics transfer sound into light. First, a person speaks into a phone. The
sound is changed into electrical impulses. A small laser changes the electrical i
mpulses into coded bursts of light. The light is decoded hack into electrical impulses at the telephone recieving station. Finally, the electrical impulses are cha
nged into sounds again at the receiving telephone.
Optical fibers transimit calls much faster than copper wires can. The laser puls
es with light as fast as 90 million times a second. At that speed, every word
in a dictionary can be sent through a single fiber in a few seconds. Optical fi
bers also save space. A few fibers can carry more calls than thousands of stra
nds of copper cable.
Optical fibers will be used for video as well as voice communications. And th
ey will prove useful in computer-to-computer hookups. However, it will take y
ears to replace existing wires.
1. Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?
a. Fiber optics are flexible, glass fibers.
b. Copper wires have been used in most phone systems.
c. Fiber optics are an improvement in communication systems.
d. A few optical fibers can carry thousands of phone calls.
2. As it is used in the passage, the phrase"fiber optics"(paragraph 1) means _
_______.
a. transmission of information by means of infra-red light signals aling a thin
glass fiber.
b. material or substance formed from a mass of fibers.
c. a flexible fiber-optic instrument that is used to view objects
d. a composite material consisting of glass fibers in resin3. Which of the following can not be inferred about fiber cables from the pa
ssage?
a. They carry light waves.
b. They can be used in many forms of communication.
c. They are better than copper wires.
d. They are shorter than copper wires.
4. You can infer from the passage that a "cable" is ________.
a. a group of wires or strands that are bundled together
b. a copper wire that is used to carry phone calls
c. a glass fiber that carrise coded bursts of light
d. a laser that changers electrical impulses into light
5. You can infer from the passage that the word"transmit"(paragraph 4) most
nearly means ________.
a. carry from one place to another
b. pulse with light
c. operate quickly
d. speak
41/200 Passage 72 答案：cadaa
42/200Passage 74
In October 1987, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards began
its word to set new standards of accomplichment for the teaching profession a
nd to improve the quality of education available to all children in the United
States.
Teachers are committed to students and their learning. They must act on the b
elief that all students can learn. They must recognize individual differences in
their students and adjust their practice accordingly. They must know that their
mission extends beyond developing the cognitive capcity of their students. The
y must be concerned with their students' self-concept, with their motivation, an
d with the development of character.
Teacher must know the subjects they teach and how to teach them. They must
command sepecialized knowledge of how to convey a subject to sudents. Teac
hers are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning. They must
call on multiple methods to meet their goals, knowing and being able to empl
oy a variety of instructional skills. Teachers must think systematically about th
eir practice and learn from experience, seeking the advice of others and drawin
g on education research and scholarship to improve their practice.
As members of learning communities, teachers contribute to school effectivenes
s by collaborating with other professionals. They take advantage of community
resources, cultivation knowledge of their school's community as a powerful res
ource for learning.
1."Teachers are committed to students and their learning."The sentence means t
hat ________.
a. teachers should meet all the demands of studentsb. teachers should set verry high demands on students
c. teachers should be very kind to students
d. teachers must be responsible for students and their leaning
2. According to the author, if a student performs poorly at school, it may be
the duty of ________.
a. society
b. teachers
c. parents
d. other students
3. Teachers' task should go beyond developing the learning ability of students
and they should ________.
a. know he subjects they teach
b. transmit valued knowledge
c. respect their students, know about their interests and develop their character
d. seek the advice of others
4. School effectiveness mainly depends on ________.
a. teachers who work together
b. Students
c. teaching materialsd. school leaders
5. The best title for this passage is ________.
a. How to Manage Student Learning
b. Learning from Experience
c. Relations Between Teachers and Students
d. Toward High Standards for Teachers
40/200 答案：dadca
43/200
passage 21
In the early days of nuclear power, the united states made money on it. But t
oday opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants hav
e been ordered or built here in 12 years.
The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltd
own". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public heal
th are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testi
ng new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on t
he laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reac
tors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things chang
e in Washington.
The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time du
ring, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can b
ring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Me
anwhile, the builder must add nice-but-necesary improvements, some of whichforce him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has
been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a lice
nse to construct ends up abandoning the plant anyway.
A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham
was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticet, both ordered in the
mid-60 s'. Millstone, complete for ＄101 million, has been generating electricity
for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinulear activists w
ho, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost ＄5 billion and delayed its use
for many years.
Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a
watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used
his power to force New York's publicutilities commission to accept the followi
ng settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to it
s consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good
facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.
1. The author's attitude towards the development of nuclear power it _______
_.
a. negative
b. neutral
c. positive
d. questioning
2. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dre
am?
a. The inefficiency of the nuclear regulation commissionb. The enormous cost of comstruction and operation
c. The length of time it takes to make investigation.
d. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.
3. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ________.
a. there are not enough safety measures in the u. s for running new nuclear
power plants.
b. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power pl
ants in the u. s.
c. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.
d. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be in
stalled in the u. s.
4. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in porposing the settlement was to
________.
a. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation
b. urge the Shoreham company to further increase its power supply
c. permit the Shoreham plant to operation under certain conditions
d. help the power company to solve its financial porblems
补 32/200 答案：cdadbc
43/200 答案: cdba
44/200passage 29
Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in c
ontact with them. Their values-this can't be repeated too often-are not necessari
ly our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order not necessarily the most i
mportant things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced
with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lyi
ng alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with pers
onal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that
they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear
up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal fre
edom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safe
ty of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs
more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison r
ight through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operati
ons are painful experiences, howerer good the results. And at what point shoul
d you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death
by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to
activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doct
ors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical oppor
tunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while th
ere's life, there's hope.
When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion t
hat whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health th
an it does on your ability to have fun.
1. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that ________.
a. very old people enjoy living with their relativesb. social services have nothing to do with very old people
c. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more perso
nal freedom
d. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean
2. Some social workers think that ________.
a. health and safety are more important than personal freedom
b. personal freedom is more important than health and safety
c. old people should keep their rooms clean
d. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people
3. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ________.
a. the conclusion you have come to
b. your talk to the old people
c. whether age is happy or unpleasant
d. one's money or one's health
4. The author thinks that ________.
a. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors
b. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich
c. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is
doubtfuld. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death
42/200
Passage 74
dbcad
45/200
Passage 75
It is estimated that some seven hundred million people - about half the world's
population - are unable to read and write, and there are probably tow hundred
and fifty million more whose level of attainment is so slight that it barely qua
lifies a literacy.
Recently the attack on illiteracy has been stepped up. A world plan has been
drawn up by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris, as part of the UNES
CO Nations Development Decade, and an international conference on the subje
ct has also been held. UNESCO stresses that functional literacy is the aim. Pe
ople must learn the basic skills of responsible citizenship: the ability to read n
otices, newpapers, timetables, letters, pricelists, to keep simple records and acco
unts, to sort out the significance of the information gathered, and to fill in for
ms.
The major areas of illiteracy are in Asia, Africa, and Central and South Ameri
ca there are at least one hundred million illiterates, comprising eighty to eighty
-five per cent of the total population. In Europe the figure is about twenty-fou
r million, most of them in Southern Europe, with Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Y
ugoslavia heading the list (the United Kingdom has bout seven hundred thousa
nd).1. The figure of world illiteracy was obtained by ________.
a. an committee of UNESCO
b. experts in Paris
c. an international organization
d. none of these
2. Studying carefully the clues in the passage, we learn that the total populati
on of Africa is ________.
a. approximately seven hundred million
b. approximately one hundred and twenty-five million
c. approximately eight or eight point five thousand million
d. exactly twenty-four million
3. The figure of illiteracy in Britain comprises ________.
a. zero point one per cent of that of illiteracy in the world
b. zero point tow per cent of the world adult population
c. thirty-five per cent of Europe's population
d. three point five per cent of that of the illiteracy in Southern Europe.
4. It is obvious that UNESOO ________.
a. is a company in France
b. is a world organization attached to the U. N.c. works mainly at combating illiteracy
d. has many experts whose level of attainment is far from literacy.
5. A world plan mentioned in the passage aims at ________.
a. training responsible citizens
b. enforcing the functions of UNESCO
c. helping illiterates learn how to read and write
d. urging Southern European countries to take the lead in attacking illiteracy
6. The author implies that this world plan is to ________.
a. be carried out in the mayor areas of illiteracy like Africa
b. be realized in ten years
c. be drawn up by Parician experts
d. be debted at an international conference
45/200
Passage 75
dbabcb
46/200
Passage 77
The world has become a world of cities. With the present rate of urban growt
h (3.8% in the Third World), the majority of the population of the world willbe living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equati
on which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new
paradigms and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.
This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no polic
y will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trends from th
e rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population
will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million
in 1985.
The munber of people living in shanty towns will inevitably increase in spite
of the efforts to improve housing conditions. Africa alone needs to build 12 m
illion housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic ne
eds. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third World
cities the proportion of people living in shanty towns varies from 15% to 70%
and that about US $ 116 billion are required to give minimum comfort to thes
e people by the turn of the century - less than US $ 10 billion per year.
The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year,
with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on citie
s can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries
will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for t
he high demographic growth is poverty, the additional population will be mostl
y made of people of very limited means.
1. If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion peopl
e by the year 2000, the additional people will face the problem of ________.
a. housing
b. foodc. poverty
d. limited land
2. According to the passage "about US $ 116 billion are reauired to give mi
nimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century - less than US $ 1
0 billion per year."Do you think which year was the article written by saying"
less than $ 10 billion per year"by the turn of the century?
a.1985
b.1990
c.1988
d.1987
3. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a w
orld of cities with ________.
a. a lot of difficulties
b. efforts to improve housing condition
c. pressure of the basic needs
d. new nodels and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods
4. In Africa, people in cities will be ________ by the end of the century.
a. almost twice as much as in 1985
b. doubled than that in 1985
c. over twice as much as in 1985d.300 million
5. In spite of teh efforts to improve housing condition, the number of peole l
iving in shanty towns will increase because ________.
a. houses in shanty towns are cheap
b. shanty towns could provide people with minimum comfort
c. no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the prsent immigrant ten
dency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World
d. the Third World population is growing at a rate of about 80 million peopl
e per year
44/200 答案：cabcc
47/200
passage 32
At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something stra
nge or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but
let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way
and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is
how can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior
and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natura
l at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once consi
dered so upsettting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them.
Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying an
d Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk
about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike mant
y other taboos, fat is a topic that americans talk about constantly. It's not tabo
o to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in"look is thin, not fat. In the w
ork world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their
image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with
youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as
lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. After all, people thi
nk, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they lo
ok, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U.
S., thin is "in", fat is"out".
It's not surprising, then, that millions of americans have become obsessed with
staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance in
not, however, the sole reason for american's obsession with diet and exercise.
Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for pers
onal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of nort
h americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. M
odern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do b
y hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result o
f inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable
to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of americans are spendin
g more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the im
portance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists, ph
ysical education programs are enjoying a newly found prestige, and many com
panies are providing special exercise facilities for their employees to use durin
g the work day.
1. Form the passage we can infer taboo is ________.a. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible
b. a crime committed on impulse
c. behaviour considered unacceptable in society 's eyes
d. an unfavourable impression left on other society's people
2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can concluded "being fat"
________ in american society.
a. will always remain a taboo
b. is not considered a taboo by most people
c. has long been a taboo
d. may no longer be a taboo some day
3. The topic of fat is ________ many other taboo subjects.
a. the same as
b. different form
c. more popluar than
d. less often talked about than
4. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out", this means ________.
a. thin si inside, fat is outside
b. thin is diligent, fat is lazy
c. thin is youthful, fat is spiritlessd. thin is fashionable, fat is unfashionable
5. Apart from this new understanding of th correlation between health and ex
ercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many americands are exe
rcising regularly is ________.
a. their changed life-style
b. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful
c. their appreciation of the importance of exercise
d. the encouragement they have received from their companies
