专题01名词、数词（讲义）（原卷版）_03高考英语_2025年新高考资料_二轮复习_上好课2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）3378522_第三部分语法知识

专题 01 名词和数词 目录 01考情透视·目标导航..........................................................................................................................................................2 02知识导图·思维引航..........................................................................................................................................................4 03考点突破·考向探究..........................................................................................................................................................5 考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换...................................................................................................................................5 【真题研析】.............................................................................................................................................................................................5 【核心精讲】.............................................................................................................................................................................................7 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................10 考点二 名词复数............................................................................................................................................................11 【真题研析】...........................................................................................................................................................................................11 【核心精讲】...........................................................................................................................................................................................13 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................14 考点三 名词所有格.....................................................................................................................................................................................15 【真题研析】...........................................................................................................................................................................................15 【核心精讲】...........................................................................................................................................................................................15 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................16 考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法............................................................................................................................................................17 【真题研析】...........................................................................................................................................................................................17 【核心精讲】...........................................................................................................................................................................................17 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................18 考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换...........................................................................................................................................19 【真题研析】...........................................................................................................................................................................................19 【核心精讲】...........................................................................................................................................................................................19 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................20 考点六 考查数词的表达法（分数是重点）...........................................................................................................................................20 【真题研析】...........................................................................................................................................................................................20 【核心精讲】...........................................................................................................................................................................................21 【命题预测】...........................................................................................................................................................................................22 04 重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用...........................................................................................................23名词和数词 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 （2024·新高考I卷）51.engineer→engineering； 65.rich→richness （2024·新高考II卷）62.visible→visibility 熟练掌握 （2024年1月浙江卷）60.criticize→criticism 从近三年高考试 ①名词和 与名 题来看，试题以语法 形容词的 （2023·新高考I卷）56.taste→tasty 词相 填空和完形填空的形 相互转 关的 （2023·新高考II卷）56.arrive→arrival 式命题，题目中等偏 换；②名 词形 易，以考查学生对有 词和动词 （2023年1月浙江卷）61.space→spacious 转换 关名词词形转换、名 的相互转 换 （2022年1月浙江卷）64.invite→invitation 词复数、名词所有格 以及根据语境选词的 （2022年6月浙江卷）58.photograph→photographer； 完形填空为主，强化 语言运用能力和语境 64.independent→independence 理解，题型主要是选 ①准确判 择题和填空题，集中 断使用名 体现在具体语篇中， 词复数的 考查考生语言运用的 （2024·新高考I卷）62.favourite→favourites 语境；② 准确性和得体性。 掌握名词 （2024·新高考II卷）57.theme→themes 预计在 2025 年高 名词 变复数的 （2023·新高考II卷）61.interview→interviews 考中，以语法填空和 复数 基本规 完形填空的形式命 则；③熟 （2023年1月浙江卷）64.event→events 题。仍会以中华优秀 记常见不 （2022·新高考I卷）62.population→populations 传统文化、中外文化 规则变化 交流、科技发展等为 的名词复 主要素材，充分体现 数形式。 用英语讲好中国故 事、增强民族自豪 掌握名词 感、增进文化自信。 名词 所有格的 （2022·新高考II卷）64.son→son’s 引导学生坚定理想信 所有 基本含义 （2021年1月浙江卷）58.person→person’s 念和爱国主义情怀。 格 及其用法 完形填空仍然会以令 人深思的故事为载体 名词在完形填空中的运用： 培养积极向上的思维 模式，以更好地适应 （2024·新高考I卷）45.achievement成就； 46.reason理 个人成长与社会变迁 由；50.problem问题；51.challenges挑战； 55.goals目标 考查根据 的需求。不断提高学 语境选择 （2024·新高考II卷）45.barrier障碍；48.acts行为； 生的道德修养，学会 根据 恰当的名 49.growth发育；50.dish菜肴；54.disadvantages缺点 感恩、学会助人，学 语境 选择 词，核心 （2024年1月浙江卷）41.encounter邂逅；44.chance机会； 会谦让、学会宽容， 是语言的 学会自省、学会自 名词 49.writers作者 准确性和 律。 （2023·新高考I卷）42.delay延误；43.competitor参赛者； 得体性 44.race比赛；46.aid帮助；50.pain疼痛；52.deal交易，局 面；54.meet体育比赛；55.display展示 （2023·新高考II卷）41.budget预算；42.transportation交通；49.stranger陌生人 （2023年1月浙江卷）42.treetops；48.rope；55.moment （2022·新高考I卷）42.memories记忆；49.wind风；51.luck 好运；54.excitement兴奋；55.adventure冒险 （2022·新高考II卷）42.vacation假期；45.strangers’陌生人 的；46.absence缺席；49.comfort舒适，安慰； 51.success 成功；52.expectations期待；55.decision决定 （2022年1月浙江卷）46.eyes；48.life；50.silence； 53.program；56.money；60.retirement；61.age；62.light； 63.beginning 根据新高考三年 的考情分析，基数词 和序数词的相互转换 是可能的考查要点， 基数 熟练掌握 因此，总结归类数词 词和 序数词和 （2023·全国甲卷）62.six--sixth 相关的转换规律及具 序数 基数词的 （2021·新课标II卷）56.seven--seventh 体数词表达法是备考 词的 拼写 的重点方向。 转化 考查重点是序数 词、分数的表达法和 有关数词的相关比较 句型。考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 6 2 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 3．(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the 5 6 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 4.（2022年6月浙江卷）John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 5.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词 (1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时， 要想到名词； (2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词； (3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。 2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。3. 熟记常见名词后缀：-age表示“状态；场所；费用”；-ory表示“工作场所；住处”；-ology表示 “……学；……论”；-ure表示“状态”；-cy表示“性质;状态”；-ery表示“境遇；状况；性质；行 为”；-ism表示“主义”；-ty表示“性质；状态；程度”。 1 ． 形容词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 －cy accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 －ness kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 －y/－ty/－ity responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 ①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混：safety安全) 【注意】以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独 ②strong→ strength力气；强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度long→ length长度 young→ youth年轻人【高频再现】 ①absent→ absence缺席confident→ confidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据 patient→ patience耐心 ②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由；自主wise→ wisdom明智；智慧 ③difficult→ difficulty困难discover→ discovery发现deliver→delivery递送recover→recovery恢复；痊 愈honest→ honesty诚实 ④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷；残暴safe→ safety安全 ⑤able→ ability 能 力 disable→ disability 无 能 ； 残 疾 active→ activity 活 动 real→ reality 现 实 responsible→ responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度 2 ． 动词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 －ion/ conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 －tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 －sion/ permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 －er/ gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 －ment equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展 appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 －ance/ perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 －ence prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 -ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 －ing build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在；生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考；查阅 differ→ difference不同 ②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作，职业；占领 ③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足；短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹 ④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人 ⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉 dry→ drier干燥剂；干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影 calculate→ calculator计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机 【高频再现】 ①approve→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议； 建议refuse→refusal拒绝 ②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发fail→failure失败 please→pleasure愉快 ③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业 ④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待；治疗 ⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者；实习生escape→escapee 逃亡者 3 ．名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 －ian/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 －ist/ science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 ①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员 ②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人考向 1 形容词转化为名词 1．（2025·广东省清远市一模）According to the organizers, Dunhuang culture is an essential part of the (diverse) of world culture. 2．（2025·云南省保山市摸底）The (convenient) of the service has greatly promoted international passenger travel in Laos and cross-border cargo transportation in the region. 3．（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟第一次联考）Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ (capable) to cooperate with western filmmakers, which will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences. 考向 2 动词转化为名词 1.（2025·东北三校联考）Chinese festivals like Mid-Autumn Festival promote family reunion and (appreciate) for nature’s beauty. 2．（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学月考）During his second year of college, he joined the martial arts club. With the (assist) of the club, he, together with other 5 students was given the opportunity to visit the Shaolin Temple in China’s Henan province. 3．（2025·甘青宁三省多校联考）Sadly, over the last decades, the number of ancient tea trees still in (exist) has been on a stable decline. 考向 3 名词转化为名词 1.（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中）The movie also features some of the most famous poets and artists of the era, including Wang Changling, known for his military-themed poems, calligrapher Zhang Xu and palace (music) Li Guinian. 2.（2025·广州佛山市段考）Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a (science) whose work is internationally renowned.考点二 名词复数 1．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 2．（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 3.（2024·北京卷）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 4．（2021·新课标I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 5 7 (human) are. 1. 根据规则确定名词单复数 (1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式; (2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式; (3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。 2. 注意抽象名词具体化后的名词复数形式。例如：population的复数是populations。 3.注意不规则名词的复数，尤其是不要进行错误推理，要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形 式，很多同学因为类比出现错误，误写成humen。 本题受 ma n 复数 me n 的影响，易错写成 hume n ，这是二轮复习强化的要点，强化易混易错，重点查漏 补缺。1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls (2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches (3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties (4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos；加-es的有以下词： heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 (5) 【注意】以-f，-fe结尾的名词 ①少数直接加-s：roof→ roofs，belief→ beliefs。 ②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。 2．名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。 3．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。 4．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如 child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化是二轮 复习的重点，这样防止知识漏洞。） 5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如 congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、 respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。 6．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与…… )、shake hands with...(与……握手 )、take measures(采取措施)、 make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7 ． 常考的不可数名词 (1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。 (2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通) 等。 (3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、 progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。（一定记牢） 8 . 名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数 形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 1．（2025·广东省梅州市高考仿真模拟）Chinese-inflected cultural activities took place at the festival, including flying performance at the opening ceremony, workshops for kite-making (technique) by artisans (工匠) from Weifang, as well as performances and experiential activities from lion dances to martial artsand performances of traditional Chinese instruments and tea ceremonies. 2．（2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟联考）Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix included, and also played with local musicians _______ (adaptation) of Cuban music pieces. 3．（2025·江苏省海门中学第一次调研）Tang lived and worked in Jiangxi Province during the Ming Dynasty at around the same time that William Shakespeare, the great wordsmith and playwright, was active half a world away in England during the Tudor era. They were (contemporary) whose works remain popular and are still performed today. 。 考点三 名词所有格 1.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my 6 4 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. 2.（2021·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 1.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。 如： This is Tom and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。 Have you ever met Tom's and Jim's fathers before?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲 2. 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或 “其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如: a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。 名词的所有格： (1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。 (2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。(3)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。 (4) 【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要 加-'s。 Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系) Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈) (5) 【注意】双重所有格：“a/two/some... ＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋ 名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。 a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片 1.（2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. 2.（2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考）The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural areas. 考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法 1.（2023·全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 6 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. 2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 有些表示表示抽象意义的名词，在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以 tion结尾的 抽象名词，failure，success等。例如：celebration抽象意义：庆祝；具体意义：某种庆祝活动；failure抽象意义：失败；具体意义：失败的人或事；success抽象意义：成功；具体意义：成功的人或事。 1. 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考 的有： 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 2 . 物质名词具体化 drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔 hair头发→a hair一根头发 3 . 抽象名词与 a(an) 连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。 例如：Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。 1.（2025·吉林省普通高中一模）Sadly, Africa’s (contribute), which parallel global developments, are often undercredited. 2.（2025·吉林省普通高中一模）The local artistic (create) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture. 3.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing tourists from China and around the world.考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换 1.（2023·全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 6 2 (six) century, BC. 2.（2021·新高考II卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境，有顺序的用序数词，无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐 含的语境，因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如：18岁生日eighteenth birthday；五年级fifth grade。 基数词和序数词的相互转换 ①一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。 ②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加eth。 ③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。 此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表。 one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen— sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth ④注意比较，大家要特别注意记忆。如：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第 十九)，ninetieth(第九十) 1.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟））The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park. 2.（2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考））1．She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed andskill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. （所给词的适当形式 填空） 考点六 考查数词的表达法（分数是重点） 1.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line. 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。当分子是one或a时，序数词要用单数。 例如：1/3 one third 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：例如：a half 二分之一 ；a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 2．(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from ￡10 each time. 【答案】seventies 【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候，表达为：in their seventies。故填seventies。 表示某人几十多岁的时候，要用in one’s +整十的基数词的复数形式。例如：in one’s thirties在某人30 多岁。注意区分：in the thirties在30年代；an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩 3．(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。当分子大于1时，序数词都要用复数形式。 例如： 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法： three quarters=three fourths 四分之三1 . 与数词相关的表达法 ①分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。 ②表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s＋整十的基数词的复数” 意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。 ③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billion years。 ④“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。 2 . 易混易错数词考点 ①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an，此时不强调顺序。“a/an＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个， 再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。 ②表示“许多，大量；一些”的词和短语 特征 词语 备注 a few, quite a few, many, a good many，a large number of, 只修饰可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用复数 dozens of, scores of， hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 只修饰不可数名 a little, much， a great deal of, a large 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 词 amount of 作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式根据 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 名词来定 既可以修饰可数 名词也可以修饰 作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式由后 a large quantity of 不可数名词 面的名词决定 large quantities of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数 1．I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, at a proper price, but of good quality. 2.Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year. 3.Most Brits spend almost （two）as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.4．As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child. 04 重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用 名词重难点突破： 高考评价体系要求：考生能在具体的语境中，准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高名词运用能力的 基本策略： 1．根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之 后。 2．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复 数含义。 3．注意固定短语中名词的单复数。 4．注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。 5．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。 数词重难点突破： 1．需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。 2．使用序数词时，注意前面要有定冠词the。 3．注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thousands of等。 4.注意一些数词的特殊用法。 （2025·河北省邢台市邢襄联盟期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。（标黄题号为本专题考点） The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government on Thursday announced the birth of panda twins on the early morning of August 15th in Hong Kong. The pair, a female and a male, are cubs (幼崽) of Ying Ying and Le Le, pandas 1 (give) as a gift by the Central People’s Government to Hong Kong in 2007. Ying Ying and Le Le successfully 2 (complete) natural mating in Ocean Park in March. After fivemonths of gestation (孕育), the female giant panda Ying Ying 3 (final) gave birth to the twins. A team of animal care 4 (professional), together with experts from the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, are now working around the clock 5 (take) care of Ying Ying and the newborn twins 6 their condition fully stabilizes. HKSAR Chief Executive John Lee thanked the Central People’s Government for 7 (gift) the pandas, which he said fully demonstrates its care and support for the HKSAR. He said that this year is the 75th anniversary of 8 founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the birth of the first pair of giant panda cubs in Hong Kong is 9 special significance. He also thanked the Ocean Park team and the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda for their meticulous (细心的) care of Ying Ying and the twin cubs. Ying Ying and Le Le were the 1 0 (two) pair of gift pandas from the Central People’s Government to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland.