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专题05 高考阅读理解 新闻报道
一、考情分析
在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。近年来，英美国家主流媒体已经成为全国各省
市高考阅读理解命题文章的主流题源，如《时代》、《科学美国人》、《洛杉矶时报》、《卫报》、《读
者文摘》等。因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。时文报道类文章一般以
记叙文为主，命题文章话题涵盖广泛，有关于政治经济的时文报道，有社会生活中发生的大小事件，还有
个人成长的经历趣闻。文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事，在写作手法上遵循的原
则是“keep it short and simple”，简称KISS原则。这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、
何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。不过，在表达
方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。
一、语篇结构
新闻报道一般来说由四个部分构成：标题(headline)、导语(lead)，正文(body)和结语(ending)。标题通
常起着提纲挈领、吸引受众的作用，被视为新闻的“眼睛”；导语概括通篇，旨在导读，被视为新闻的“灵魂”；
正文则具体描写，被视为新闻的“躯干”; 结语总结概括，重申主题或者升华主题。
一篇新闻报道首要吸引人注意的部分是它的标题。英语新闻报道的标题力求用一句话来概括整个新闻
的内容。因为标题揭示的是新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心内容。近年来高考新闻类文章一般隐去标题，
却在设题时要求考生自拟标题，考查学生对文章的概括能力，有助于培养学生的思维品质，实际上提升了
对学生阅读能力的要求。
新闻的开篇是导语部分。导语部分是用一段有趣的轶闻或者新闻中关键的事实引出整个文章的主题
(Theme)，使读者能够获取最具价值的信息，并有兴趣继续读下去。英语新闻的导语一般是文章第一或第一、
二段，用简明生动的语言将新闻最具价值、最新鲜的内容或典型例子放在开头，引出文章主题，最多不超
过三个自然段，能全部或部分回答Who, What, When, Where, Why, How等问题。
正文是新闻报道的重要组成部分，其作用是补充核心人物或者对核心事件进行展开、解释和补充，或
者是对导语所设悬念的解答，此部分以记叙或者说明为主。正文部分会采用事实、趣事、引语等各种消息
来源来支持主题。我们将这种新闻结构比作“沙漏”，正文中的每一个细节就像沙漏中的沙子一样，无论文
章是采用正叙还是倒叙的手法，沙漏中的沙子都是围绕导语中揭示的主题来展开的，都会落在沙漏的容器
里。
结语一般比较简洁，有时受制于篇幅还会省略，主要作用是重申主题。或再一次总结中心思想，以强
调、启发、或号召等方式结束，也有的新闻文章没有明显的结束语。
二、文体特点新闻的时效性和鲜活性决定了其采用的与众不同的文体风格。首先，新闻是短小精练的，要在区区几
百个字的文章中包含新闻事件的诸多元素，时间、地点、人物、起因、过程和结局已属不易。有时为了让
读者能够更好地了解新闻事件，记者还要补充很多的背景信息。为了控制文章的篇幅，而又能完整地传递
信息，记者会使用很多的语篇黏连手段，其中用的最普遍就是采用代词，指代前文中讲述过的细节或者下
文中即将提到的细节，这类词主要是 this, that, it , they, which, who等。考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代
的内容，避免误解文章中的某些细节。
其次，从句法来看，由于新闻报道注重事实本身，强调客观性，被动语态占有一定的比重。为了反映
事实的真实性，让读者听到“原声”，以体现记者报道的客观性，正文多使用直接引语和间接引语，而在使
用直接引语和间接引语时，为了凸显新闻内容，记者倾向于使用“掉尾句”，即把说话人或信息来源放在句
尾。
三、命题特点
1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题
高考试卷的命题要求学生在阅读时区分事实和观点，学会总结和概括人们对新闻事件的观点，这也符
合核心素养培养框架的要求，有利于学生文化品格的提升。
2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题
命题人命题时主要考查的是新闻事件相关的重要细节。此类型的题目多出自文章导语和主体部分，也
要求学生在阅读时区分事实和观点，学会总结和概括人们对新闻事件的观点，这也符合核心素养培养框架
的要求，有利于学生文化品格的提升。这类题型有时因为涉及阐述人们的观点以及支撑细节，可能跨越几
个段落，所以难度较大。
3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题
新闻的篇幅有限，决定了写作中作者会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，而其中高考考查最多的是指称。要求学
生具备语篇意识，了解上下行文中意义的衔接，通过理解其中代词或者名词所指的确切含义，从而准确理
解全文。这类题型要求学生掌握新闻写作行文的技巧。
4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题
正如在新闻类文章语篇结构中所阐述的那样，高考在新闻类文章设题时往往故意隐去文章标题，要求
学生在了解新闻事件的各种信息后汇总，拟出一个能概括新闻事件主要内容和吸引人眼球的标题。这类题
目需要考生重视导语以及结尾的关键信息。
四、策略技巧
综合新闻类文章的语篇特征和高考命题特点，完成新闻类阅读理解可以采用以下阅读步骤和阅读策略。
一）浏览文章，判断文体
考生在做阅读理解题时一定要有“文体意识”，即结合文章体裁的文体特征，紧扣主旨理解文章。具体到新闻类文体，首先通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇。然后，根
据文章结构特点和题型特点可以去文章相应部分寻找答案，这样可以节约时间、有的放矢。例如：文章主
旨、写作意图题一般对应文章导语部分。
二）利用导语，掌握核心
导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和
社会现象背后的原因等最凝练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。作为新闻类文章的灵
魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。研读的时候我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别Who、What、
When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点，了解新闻的主要内容。
三）深入细节，定位分析
细节判断题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时考生要有“题目意识”，即由题干关键词把握命题
意图和答题要点，解题时多使用“同义转换”或者“综合归纳”两种方法。多数情况下，选项会对原文信
息进行同义转换，即原文信息的另外一种表达。相反，选项中如果出现了原文出现过的词句，应当引起警
觉，谨防受到“偷梁换柱”的迷惑干扰。有时候细节散落在多个句子，或者在不同段落中都有提到，考生
应该分析事件之间的关联、人物与事件的关联、社会现象背后的原因和结果的关联等等，进行综合归纳。
如果是以记叙为主，则需要抓住“何人、何时、何为、何因、何果”几要素，这几大要素也是题目的着眼
点。
四）直接读题，判断题目类型
在研读导语把握文章的主题后，考生无需继续阅读文章，可以直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需
回答问题的要点和关键词，然后带着问题以关键词作为标签词到文章中查找答案。这种先读主题和题目的
方法有利于把握阅读重点，可以让考生在阅读的时候更有针对性，也比较节省时间。如果在读完导语后仍
然觉得对文章的主题把握不是很准确，也可以选择再跳读后文，即各段的首尾句。
五）结合主旨，理解引语
引语是新闻类文章中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关方面的态度、观点，用来佐证支撑主旨。
在答题时要有“语境意识”，即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人的情感态
度。
根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息。上文提到，高考中新闻类文章阅读理解题目类型一般分
为细节题、观点推断题、指代推断题和主题归纳题。
若是细节题，了解题目所需信息是什么，再以中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的
句子，一般就能快速找到答案。而新闻文章一般只围绕一个线索来展开故事，很容易找到信息。若是观点推断题，读题时要辨别是寻找哪一个群体对这一新闻事件的态度。然后以这一群体为标签词
到文章中定位信息。通过对高考题的研究，我们发现观点推断题的信息可能是一个段落，也有可能散落在
几个段落中，所以同学们在寻找时要耐心一些，找齐所有信息，进行总结概括才能找到答案。
若是指代推断题，一般只要研读围绕所要推断的词的上下文，分辨这个词所指代的内容即可。
若是主题归纳题，应重点阅读导语部分和结尾部分，了解新闻涉及的主体人物和主要事件，然后比对
所给的四个选项，找出包含主体人物和主要事件的那个选项，就可以找到正确答案。
二、真题回顾
(2022年新高考I卷)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the
project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.
She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I
went to school.”“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and
down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been
bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the
creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after
hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out
countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project,
said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of
Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents
through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】这是一篇典型的新闻报道，主要报道了一些养老院通过让老人照看母鸡以减少他们的孤独感。文
章主题鲜明，结构清晰，紧紧围绕“老人照看母鸡”展开。全文共四个自然段，第一段为导语部分，点明
新闻事件。第二至第三段为主体部分，其中第二段详细介绍项目的目的和效果；第三段通过一个代表人物
80-year-old Ruth Xavier现身说法，说明该项目活动的具体内容、实施情况、参与者的感受以及该项目的现
状。第四段引用相关人士的说法，肯定该项目的作用与意义，表达对该项目未来发展的期待。
【28题】D 细节理解题。根据题干定位第二段中第一、二句“… to reduce loneliness and improve elderly
people’s well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind.”，综合
归纳两个目的后，结合选项中的用词，原文well-being和D项中的welfare属于同义转换，故选D。
【29题】B 细节理解题。本题考查主体部分新闻事件中人物的所做所感细节信息。根据第五段的“I’m
enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”并结合选项可知，选项B中a
sense of achievement是对原文信息的综合归纳，故选B。
【30题】C 词义猜测题。用上文所给解题策略中的“语境意识”，结合上下文得知Wendy Wilson是养老
院经理，首先可以排除B项oppose（反对）。另外该项目仍处于试行阶段，联系上文“one of the first to”，
可以排除A项improve（提升）和D项evaluate（评估），从而得出正确答案begin，“one of the first to
embark on the project”即第一批开始该项目的人之一，故选C。
【31题】A 推理判断题。文章最后两段分别通过Wendy Wilson和Lynn Lewis现身说法，言及敬老院老人
照看母鸡的益处而非利润，故排除C，也即该项目在居民中很受欢迎，且反响不错。注意creative不是该项
目对于老人们的要求，而是该项目所具有的特征，故选A。
(2020年新课标Ⅲ)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
B
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
“Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part
Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A. To see famous film stars. B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making “Apes.” B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes.” D. The performance of real apes.
26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally D. They would lose popularity.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好
莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的
创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍
摄也是不能够被监测到的。
【24题】D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived
with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人
士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人：“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在
好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
【25题】B 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉)
technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s
performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的
创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑
图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
【26】D 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment
or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a
number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger
of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影，包括“大象的眼泪”，
“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”，引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由
此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的
意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
【27】A 推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the
studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there
are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions
filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和
生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严
密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生
活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
三、最新模拟试题(1)
(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测)
Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about
their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability makes their cars “unequivocally
(毫不含糊地) safer,” data suggests otherwise.
According to The Washington Post, the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with Tesla’s driver-
assistance technology is higher than previously reported. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) recorded 736 crashes since 2019, with at least17 of them being fatal. These figures include crashes
involving both Autopilot, which allows cars to drive on highways without human intervention, and the newer Full
Self-Driving feature, which extends automation to city streets. However, these statistics can’t record incidents that
were avoided due to the cars’ safety features. Additionally, when compared to the total number of car crashes that
occurred last year, the number of crashes involving driver-assistance vehicles appears relatively small, but actually
it’s not.
Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur
in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base
consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident rates.
Concerns are raised by Tesla’s request to the NHTSA not to reveal whether Autopilot or Full Self-Driving was
in use during fatal crashes. This lack of transparency (透明) prevents a comprehensive analysis of the incidents and
raises questions about responsibility.
Safety exaggerations (夸大) combined with Tesla’s aggressive marketing have led to accidents caused by
drivers relying too heavily on the system. Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers
are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times. However, Tesla’s messaging may mislead some
users into believing otherwise.
While a driverless future has the potential to be safer, it is crucial not to convince the public that
underdeveloped capabilities are ready for widespread use. Tesla should address past problems, ensure their
automation set can detect emergency vehicles, and be transparent with the public about the limitations of their
technology. Rushing the implementation of such technology without addressing its limitations could lead to serious
consequences on the road.
1. What can we learn about Tesla’s driver-assistance-related crashes from paragraph 2?
A. 736 fatal cases of self-driving are recorded.B. NHTSA focused on the crashes on highways.
C. The total number of car crashes is extremely small.
D. The incidents avoided are not counted in the crash statistics.
2. What can be inferred about Tesla’s safety claims?
A. They are supported by comprehensive data.
B. They are based on limited driving environment.
C. They are restricted to the experiences of satisfied customers.
D. They have been proven to be accurate and reliable by NHTSA.
3. What can we know about Full Self-Driving?
A. It is ill-received. B. It is well-developed.
C. It needs the driver to stay focused. D. It reduces the accidents greatly.
4. Which title best summarizes the content of this text?
A. Concerns and Questions Surrounding Tesla’s “Self-Driving” Cars
B. Tesla’s Self-Driving Cars: The Safest Option of Driving on the Road
C. The Future of Self-Driving Cars: A Closer Look at Tesla’s Technology
D. Reconstruction and Revolution of Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving
(2)
(2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测)
Could the next Ernest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered AI software program? It’s a question
becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve.
Much of this is just nerves. Today’s AI creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where
they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to focus on the
possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by AI, far less consideration has been given to the prospect of
AI co-working with humans.
Earlier this month, American sci-fi writer Ken Liu, who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name,
joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google’s Wordcraft. This AI tool, a language
generating model, is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powered writing assistant that can, when
given the right instruction from the writer, provide helpful descriptions, create lists of objects or emotional states,
and even brainstorm ideas.
The writers at the workshop, however, emerged with mixed reports. “Wordcraft is too sensible. Wow!” RobinSloan wrote. “But ‘sensible’ is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce
something unexpected.”
I’m unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from AI. Their work, and that of
countless other novelists, short story writers, dramatists and poets, is too particular, too beautifully unique. Even if
a model learned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take
them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern, AI might step in, first as assistants before some
day to authorship.
Production-line novels are nothing new. In the 1970s, Barbara Cartland, who wrote more than 723 books in
her lifetime, many of which are romance bestsellers, would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the
remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary’s role. Perhaps
creative writing software isn’t that far from replacing the Mrs. Cartlands of today.
1. Which aspect of AI calls for more attention?
A. Its damage to our nerves. B. Its progress in literary studies.
C. Its cooperation with humans. D. Its influence on human literature.
2. What can we learn about Wordcraft from the text?
A. It generates novels automatically. B. It outperforms professional writers.
C. Its works receive praises from the public. D. Its works bear similarity to existing ones.
3. What can writers do to avoid the threat from AI?
A. Increase writing speed. B. Use diverse resources.
C. Produce creative works. D. Follow the latest patterns.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Will AI Replace Human Writers? B. AI Warns Mrs. Cartlands of Today
C. Is Writing Running into a New Era? D. Word craft Lies at the Center of Debate
(3)
(2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测)
Snowboarding genius Su Yiming made a name for himself by winning China’s first Olympic gold in the sport
on Tuesday. By cleanly stomping back-to-back 1800 tricks, the teenager landed the biggest prize so far in his
young career—gold in the men’s Big Air at the Beijing Winter Olympics. The notable achievement realized a
childhood dream to reach the peak of the sport, which he began to learn at the age of 4.
Now with two shinning medals hung around his neck, the 17-year-old described his superb Olympic debut (首秀) as an unbelievable experience that has made all his sacrifices worthwhile. “This feels so surreal that I’ve finally
accomplished what I’ve dreamed of since I was little,” said an emotional Su.
Over the past four years, Su has combined his talent with hard work to produce one of the swiftest rises to
prominence the sport has ever seen. When the Shougang Big Air venue hosted its first international event, Su was
an unknown qualifier, who didn’t even make the final runs. Just over two years later, Su is the name on everyone’s
lips at the venue s Olympic debut—drawing the whole nation’s attention to the sport he loves.
“The biggest motivation (动力) for me is my love for snowboarding,” Su said, when asked about the secret to
his success. “In snowboarding, I feel like I can show my own style and creativity. Every time I ride my board, it’s
always a joyful moment. I hope through my experience, I can inspire more young people to get interested in the
sport.”
Su, a former child actor who featured in action movies, said the Olympic gold will encourage him to seek for
more breakthroughs—even beyond his athletic career. “I enjoy snowboarding just as much as I enjoy acting,” said
Su, who turns 18 on Friday. “I think I still have a lot of possibilities to explore in my future career either in
snowboarding or in acting. But now I just want to enjoy the moment and celebrate it as the best possible birthday
gift.”
1. What does the underlined word “landed” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Arrived. B. Gained. C. Created. D. Dreamed.
2. According to Su himself, what is his secret to his success?
A. His acting experience. B. His talent and hard working.
C. His passion for snowboarding. D. His life dream of achieving success.
3. Which of the following words can best describe Su?
A. Talented and thoughtful. B. Generous and productive.
C. Creative and kind-hearted. D. Hard-working and devoted.
4. What’s Su’s attitude toward his future?
A. Upset. B. Hopeful. C. Anxious. D. Careful.
(4)
(2023春·浙江金华·高二浙江金华第一中学校考阶段练习)
Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉
动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to
eavesdrop on cries of alarm from other creatures. But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out foreveryday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble around.
Writing in the journal Plos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey
squirrels as they wandered about different areas in the residential regions of Oberlin.
After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk (鹰),
which lasted a couple of seconds-and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were
then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder.
The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call, the squirrels increased the percentage
of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan
the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the
number of these “look-ups” dropped off faster over time.
“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their
vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors
wrote.
The team suggested that with levels of human-made noise increasing, squirrels may find it harder to eavesdrop
on birds, meaning they may have to spend more time being alert and less time foraging.
Dr Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, co-author of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how
animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he
said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on
natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.”
1. What does the new research find about squirrels’ eavesdropping?
A. It lacks scientific evidence. B. It is more widespread and broader.
C. It needs to be further investigated. D. It is contradictory to previous findings.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The subject of the experiment. B. The findings of the experiment.
C. The process of the experiment. D. The purpose of the experiment.
3. Why is recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety important for squirrels?
A. They can escape from potential risks. B. It helps them to forage food successfully.
C. They can adapt to a new environment quickly. D. It ensures their safety when playing with their mates.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research?
A. Its impacts. B. Its potential application.
C. Its limitations. D. Its follow-up study.(5)
(2023秋·山东聊城·高三山东聊城一中校联考期末)
The 2022 Future Science Prize, a privately funded science honor established by a group of famous scientists
and entrepreneurs, called “China’s Nobel Prize,” was awarded on Sunday to three Chinese scholars for their
outstanding achievement in basic scientific research, an exciting boost to encourage innovation in the country’s
basic science.
The Life Science Award, the Physical Science Award, and the Mathematics and Computer Science Award of
the 2022 Future Science Prize respectively went to Li Wenhui, Yang Xueming, and Mok Ngai-ming, with each of
them winning $ 1 million, the award organizer announced.
Lin Chao, chairman of the scientific committee of the 2022 Future Science Prize, said the winners’ research
has achieved great international influence. It is the spirit of exploration and continuous scientific research of these
scientists that have broadened human beings’ cognitive boundaries in the macro and micro world, and set the
direction for an uncertain future.
The Future Science Prize aims at recognizing scientific successes and innovations in China with long-term
significance to the world. Chinese research fellows generally believe the selection of famous scientists will play a
positive role in encouraging innovation in basic science in China and inspire scientific eagerness among young
people.
Liu Dingzhen, a professor from the College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, said that on Sunday
that encouraging China’s basic science is of great significance, because basic science takes a long period of time to
harvest achievements but it is one of the key factors for the country to resolve bottlenecks in technology, secure
supply chains in global competition and achieve the goal of becoming a powerful nation in science and technology.
The prize committee, composed of 23 outstanding scientists, is at the core of the award selection. The award
ceremony of the 2022 Future Science Prize is scheduled to be held in November.
Since 2016, 24 winners have been awarded the Future Science Prize, all of whom have been widely
recognized both in scientific circles and in society.
1. What can we learn about the Future Science Prize from the text?
A. It has a history of over a decade. B. It’s established by the government.
C. It awards three scientists every year. D. It focuses on basic scientific research.
2. How does Lin Chao feel about the winners’ research?
A. It’s full of challenges. B. It’s greatly influential.C. It needs huge improvement. D. It should broaden its range.
3. According to Liu Dingzhen, what’s the significance of developing basic science?
A. Setting the direction for an uncertain future.
B. Inspiring scientific eagerness among young people.
C. Recognizing scientific successes and innovations in time.
D. Helping the nation take the lead in science and technology.
4. In which column of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?
A. Society. B. Finance. C. Entertainment. D. Environment.
(6)
(2023秋·山东济南·高二济南市历城第二中学校考阶段练习)
Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about
18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire
departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking
victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000
LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014.
The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as
well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,”
Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but
it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.”
Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate
for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of
oxygen.
A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the
LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out
of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine.
Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s
mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death
on a grape.
1. What’s the function of the LifeVac device?
A. To put out the fire. B. To remove foreign objects.C. To design procedures. D. To treat victims’ throats.
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the invention?
A. Its target users. B. Its practical necessity.
C. Its major advantages. D. Its reasonable price
3. What inspired Lih to invent the product?
A. A kid’s death. B. His client’s suggestion.
C. A garage accident. D. Material rewards.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. A productive inventor. B. A convincing cure.
C. An anti-choking device. D. An important toolbox.
(7)
(2023·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考二模)
AI is considered to be transformative for a wide range of industries, but there’s perhaps no other field where it
provides more value than healthcare. Machine-learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot
cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there’s still this general impression that this is all done in a
small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here to stay and it has already saved thousands of lives.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-
based early detection tool for sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two-year period. During this
period, the AI was able to identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases from patient records and helped doctors offer critical
care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn’t have access to the AI’s warning. Thanks to this
system, the patients were 20% less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U.S. if it
is implemented (实施) nationwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating
sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed
diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock, causing a significant drop
in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is
nothing doctors can do to save the patient’s life, which is why prevention is the name of the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI developed at Johns Hopkins, known as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is so
important. In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it monitored 590,000 patients via
their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10,000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy followingdiagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn’t achieve more than 12%.
1. What’s the general impression of AI in the healthcare industries?
A. It is widely implemented to spot diseases. B. It provides more value than in other fields.
C. It has had a limited impact. D. It has failed to save lives.
2. What did researchers at Johns Hopkins University find about the AI tool for sepsis?
A. It could update patient records.
B. It could be used to figure out how sepsis occurs.
C. It could uncover the reason for delayed diagnoses.
D. It could be applied to sepsis detection and timely caregiving.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A. The importance of sepsis prevention. B. The difficulty of diagnosing sepsis.
C. The identification of septic shock. D. The treatments for septic shock.
4. Why does the author present the data in the last paragraph?
A. To introduce the downside of the studies.
B. To stress the effectiveness of the warning system.
C. To indicate the big number of patients with sepsis.
D. To call for the improvement of the tool’s accuracy.
(8)
(2023春·湖北武汉·高二武汉市第四十九中学校联考期末)
What do you do with your clothes that you don’t want to wear anymore? Through cutting, stitching (缝) and
redesigning. Baxter Salzwedel has found a fashionable way to be sustainable (可持续的).
In March, recycling clothes earned the 17-year-old from Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah High School in Wisconsin,
US, a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition. The competition was hosted by Junior Achievement of
Wisconsin, a non-profit organization. He won a scholarship of $10, 000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad
Patcher.
In the beginning, Salzwedel just worked with clothes for fun. He learned his sewing skills at a young age from
his grandmother. He then started to tear up his old jeans to try and create cool new designs. The fun hobby quickly
turned into a business for Salzwedel when his friends and classmates started asking him to make customized
clothing for them.
“So many people wanted them that I wasn’t going to make 150 pairs of pants for free, so that was when 1 hadto start making a business out of it,” Salzwedel told the Sheboygan Press.
In 2021, Salzwedel started his clothing brand. He uses colourful and patterned fabrics (布料) from other
clothes to create his patchwork (拼接) designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or recycled
materials to ensure maximum sustainability.
Salzwedel has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes, and he donated 25 percent of his profits
to non-profit organizations.
Talking about the competition, Salzwedel said, “It was exciting to do that and meet all sorts of young people
with similar ideas.” The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology in New
York. The college is one of the most famous fashion schools in the world. Meanwhile, he will continue doing his
business even after he graduates. For Salzwedel, The Mad Patcher is a lifelong project worth working on.
1. What inspired Salzwedel to do business?
A. His interest in fashion design. B. The popularity of his pants.
C. His grandmother’s encouragement. D. The growing problem of fashion waste.
2. What does the text tell us about The Mad Patcher?
A. It aims to promote second-hand clothes. B. It uses donated materials to reduce costs.
C. It produces sustainable fashion products. D. It copies designs from well-established brands.
3. What does Salzwedel plan to do with the scholarship?
A. Grow his clothing brand. B. Earn a degree in fashion.
C. Donate it to a fashion school. D. Cooperate with like-minded people.
4. Which of the following can best describe Salzwedel?
A. Strong but selfish. B. Brave and determined.
C. Talented but negative. D. Creative and generous.
