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专题 05 高考阅读理解 新闻报道
一、考情分析
在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。近年来，英美国家主流媒体已经成为全国各省
市高考阅读理解命题文章的主流题源，如《时代》、《科学美国人》、《洛杉矶时报》、《卫报》、《读
者文摘》等。因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。时文报道类文章一般以记
叙文为主，命题文章话题涵盖广泛，有关于政治经济的时文报道，有社会生活中发生的大小事件，还有个
人成长的经历趣闻。文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事，在写作手法上遵循的原则
是“keepitshortandsimple”，简称KISS原则。这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何
地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。不过，在表达方
式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。
一、语篇结构
新闻报道一般来说由四个部分构成：标题(headline)、导语(lead)，正文(body)和结语(ending)。标题通常
起着提纲挈领、吸引受众的作用，被视为新闻的“眼睛”；导语概括通篇，旨在导读，被视为新闻的“灵魂”；
正文则具体描写，被视为新闻的“躯干”; 结语总结概括，重申主题或者升华主题。
一篇新闻报道首要吸引人注意的部分是它的标题。英语新闻报道的标题力求用一句话来概括整个新闻
的内容。因为标题揭示的是新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心内容。近年来高考新闻类文章一般隐去标题，
却在设题时要求考生自拟标题，考查学生对文章的概括能力，有助于培养学生的思维品质，实际上提升了
对学生阅读能力的要求。
新闻的开篇是导语部分。导语部分是用一段有趣的轶闻或者新闻中关键的事实引出整个文章的主题
(Theme)，使读者能够获取最具价值的信息，并有兴趣继续读下去。英语新闻的导语一般是文章第一或第一、
二段，用简明生动的语言将新闻最具价值、最新鲜的内容或典型例子放在开头，引出文章主题，最多不超
过三个自然段，能全部或部分回答Who,What,When,Where,Why,How等问题。
正文是新闻报道的重要组成部分，其作用是补充核心人物或者对核心事件进行展开、解释和补充，或
者是对导语所设悬念的解答，此部分以记叙或者说明为主。正文部分会采用事实、趣事、引语等各种消息
来源来支持主题。我们将这种新闻结构比作“沙漏”，正文中的每一个细节就像沙漏中的沙子一样，无论文章
是采用正叙还是倒叙的手法，沙漏中的沙子都是围绕导语中揭示的主题来展开的，都会落在沙漏的容器里。
结语一般比较简洁，有时受制于篇幅还会省略，主要作用是重申主题。或再一次总结中心思想，以强
调、启发、或号召等方式结束，也有的新闻文章没有明显的结束语。
二、文体特点
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】新闻的时效性和鲜活性决定了其采用的与众不同的文体风格。首先，新闻是短小精练的，要在区区几
百个字的文章中包含新闻事件的诸多元素，时间、地点、人物、起因、过程和结局已属不易。有时为了让
读者能够更好地了解新闻事件，记者还要补充很多的背景信息。为了控制文章的篇幅，而又能完整地传递
信息，记者会使用很多的语篇黏连手段，其中用的最普遍就是采用代词，指代前文中讲述过的细节或者下
文中即将提到的细节，这类词主要是this,that,it,they,which,who等。考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代的
内容，避免误解文章中的某些细节。
其次，从句法来看，由于新闻报道注重事实本身，强调客观性，被动语态占有一定的比重。为了反映
事实的真实性，让读者听到“原声”，以体现记者报道的客观性，正文多使用直接引语和间接引语，而在使用
直接引语和间接引语时，为了凸显新闻内容，记者倾向于使用“掉尾句”，即把说话人或信息来源放在句尾。
三、命题特点
1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题
高考试卷的命题要求学生在阅读时区分事实和观点，学会总结和概括人们对新闻事件的观点，这也符
合核心素养培养框架的要求，有利于学生文化品格的提升。
2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题
命题人命题时主要考查的是新闻事件相关的重要细节。此类型的题目多出自文章导语和主体部分，也
要求学生在阅读时区分事实和观点，学会总结和概括人们对新闻事件的观点，这也符合核心素养培养框架
的要求，有利于学生文化品格的提升。这类题型有时因为涉及阐述人们的观点以及支撑细节，可能跨越几
个段落，所以难度较大。
3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题
新闻的篇幅有限，决定了写作中作者会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，而其中高考考查最多的是指称。要求学
生具备语篇意识，了解上下行文中意义的衔接，通过理解其中代词或者名词所指的确切含义，从而准确理
解全文。这类题型要求学生掌握新闻写作行文的技巧。
4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题
正如在新闻类文章语篇结构中所阐述的那样，高考在新闻类文章设题时往往故意隐去文章标题，要求
学生在了解新闻事件的各种信息后汇总，拟出一个能概括新闻事件主要内容和吸引人眼球的标题。这类题
目需要考生重视导语以及结尾的关键信息。
四、策略技巧
综合新闻类文章的语篇特征和高考命题特点，完成新闻类阅读理解可以采用以下阅读步骤和阅读策略。
一）浏览文章，判断文体
考生在做阅读理解题时一定要有“文体意识”，即结合文章体裁的文体特征，紧扣主旨理解文章。具
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】体到新闻类文体，首先通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇。然后，根
据文章结构特点和题型特点可以去文章相应部分寻找答案，这样可以节约时间、有的放矢。例如：文章主
旨、写作意图题一般对应文章导语部分。
二）利用导语，掌握核心
导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和
社会现象背后的原因等最凝练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。作为新闻类文章的灵
魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。研读的时候我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别Who、What、
When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点，了解新闻的主要内容。
三）深入细节，定位分析
细节判断题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时考生要有“题目意识”，即由题干关键词把握命题
意图和答题要点，解题时多使用“同义转换”或者“综合归纳”两种方法。多数情况下，选项会对原文信
息进行同义转换，即原文信息的另外一种表达。相反，选项中如果出现了原文出现过的词句，应当引起警
觉，谨防受到“偷梁换柱”的迷惑干扰。有时候细节散落在多个句子，或者在不同段落中都有提到，考生
应该分析事件之间的关联、人物与事件的关联、社会现象背后的原因和结果的关联等等，进行综合归纳。
如果是以记叙为主，则需要抓住“何人、何时、何为、何因、何果”几要素，这几大要素也是题目的着眼
点。
四）直接读题，判断题目类型
在研读导语把握文章的主题后，考生无需继续阅读文章，可以直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需
回答问题的要点和关键词，然后带着问题以关键词作为标签词到文章中查找答案。这种先读主题和题目的
方法有利于把握阅读重点，可以让考生在阅读的时候更有针对性，也比较节省时间。如果在读完导语后仍
然觉得对文章的主题把握不是很准确，也可以选择再跳读后文，即各段的首尾句。
五）结合主旨，理解引语
引语是新闻类文章中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关方面的态度、观点，用来佐证支撑主旨。
在答题时要有“语境意识”，即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人的情感态
度。
根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息。上文提到，高考中新闻类文章阅读理解题目类型一般分
为细节题、观点推断题、指代推断题和主题归纳题。
若是细节题，了解题目所需信息是什么，再以中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的
句子，一般就能快速找到答案。而新闻文章一般只围绕一个线索来展开故事，很容易找到信息。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】若是观点推断题，读题时要辨别是寻找哪一个群体对这一新闻事件的态度。然后以这一群体为标签词
到文章中定位信息。通过对高考题的研究，我们发现观点推断题的信息可能是一个段落，也有可能散落在
几个段落中，所以同学们在寻找时要耐心一些，找齐所有信息，进行总结概括才能找到答案。
若是指代推断题，一般只要研读围绕所要推断的词的上下文，分辨这个词所指代的内容即可。
若是主题归纳题，应重点阅读导语部分和结尾部分，了解新闻涉及的主体人物和主要事件，然后比对
所给的四个选项，找出包含主体人物和主要事件的那个选项，就可以找到正确答案。
二、真题回顾
(2022年新高考I卷)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a localcharity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the
projectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.
She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I
wentto school.”“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and
down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been
bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the
creativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafter
hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out
countrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:
“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.
Weare looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of
NottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartin theproject.Itwill reallyhelpconnectourresidents
throughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?
A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.
C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.
29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?
A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.
C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.
30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph3?
A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.
C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.
【答案】28.D 29.B 30.C 31.A
【解析】这是一篇典型的新闻报道，主要报道了一些养老院通过让老人照看母鸡以减少他们的孤独感。文
章主题鲜明，结构清晰，紧紧围绕“老人照看母鸡”展开。全文共四个自然段，第一段为导语部分，点明新闻
事件。第二至第三段为主体部分，其中第二段详细介绍项目的目的和效果；第三段通过一个代表人物
80-year-oldRuthXavier现身说法，说明该项目活动的具体内容、实施情况、参与者的感受以及该项目的现
状。第四段引用相关人士的说法，肯定该项目的作用与意义，表达对该项目未来发展的期待。
【28 题】D 细节理解题。根据题干定位第二段中第一、二句“… to reduce loneliness and improve elderly
people’swell-being.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.”，综合归
纳两个目的后，结合选项中的用词，原文well-being和D项中的welfare属于同义转换，故选D。
【29题】B 细节理解题。本题考查主体部分新闻事件中人物的所做所感细节信息。根据第五段的“I’menjoying
the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”并结合选项可知，选项 B 中 a sense of
achievement是对原文信息的综合归纳，故选B。
【30题】C 词义猜测题。用上文所给解题策略中的“语境意识”，结合上下文得知WendyWilson是养老院
经理，首先可以排除B项oppose（反对）。另外该项目仍处于试行阶段，联系上文“oneofthefirstto”，可
以排除A项improve（提升）和D项evaluate（评估），从而得出正确答案begin，“oneofthefirsttoembark
ontheproject”即第一批开始该项目的人之一，故选C。
【31题】A 推理判断题。文章最后两段分别通过WendyWilson和LynnLewis现身说法，言及敬老院老人
照看母鸡的益处而非利润，故排除C，也即该项目在居民中很受欢迎，且反响不错。注意creative不是该项
目对于老人们的要求，而是该项目所具有的特征，故选A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】(2020年新课标Ⅲ)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
B
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.
Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks
fornotusingrealapes(猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than2,000productionsthis year.Already,a numberof films, including“WaterforElephants,”“The Hangover Part
Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s notso much the treatment of the animals on setin the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.
24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?
A.Toseefamousfilmstars. B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.
C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection. D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.
25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.” B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.
C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.” D.Theperformanceofrealapes.
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?
A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.
C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.
27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.
C.Theycouldbetradedillegally D.Theywouldlosepopularity.
【答案】24.D 25.B 26.D 27.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞
前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造
技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也
是不能够被监测到的。
【24题】D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwith
asignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到
现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人：“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大
道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
【25题】B 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)
technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’s
performanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创
作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图
形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
【26】D 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentor
animalsinfilmedentertainment（” 一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumber
offilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerof
activistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影，包括“大象的眼泪”，“宿
醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”，引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，
其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密
切关注”。故选D项。
【27】A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimals onsetinthe
studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there
arequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductions
filmedintheSates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和
生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严
密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生
活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】三、最新模拟试题
(1)
(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测)
Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about
their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that theirAutopilot capability makes their cars “unequivocally
(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.
According to The Washington Post, the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with Tesla’s
driver-assistance technology is higher than previously reported. The National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) recorded 736 crashes since 2019, with at least17 of them being fatal. These figures
includecrashesinvolving bothAutopilot, which allows cars to drive on highways without human intervention,and
thenewerFullSelf-Drivingfeature,whichextendsautomationtocitystreets.However,thesestatisticscan’trecord
incidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.Additionally,whencomparedtothetotalnumberofcar
crashes thatoccurred last year,the number of crashes involving driver-assistance vehicles appears relatively small,
butactuallyit’snot.
Tesla’s safetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotis primarily designedforhighways, whilemostaccidentsoccur
in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base
consistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveincommunitieswithloweraccidentrates.
ConcernsareraisedbyTesla’srequesttotheNHTSAnottorevealwhetherAutopilotorFullSelf-Drivingwas
inuseduringfatalcrashes.Thislackoftransparency(透明)preventsacomprehensiveanalysisoftheincidentsand
raisesquestionsaboutresponsibility.
Safety exaggerations (夸大) combined with Tesla’s aggressive marketing have led to accidents caused by
drivers relying too heavily on the system. Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers
areexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.However,Tesla’smessagingmaymisleadsome
usersintobelievingotherwise.
While a driverless future has the potential to be safer, it is crucial not to convince the public that
underdeveloped capabilities are ready for widespread use. Tesla should address past problems, ensure their
automation set can detect emergency vehicles, and be transparent with the public about the limitations of their
technology.Rushingtheimplementationofsuchtechnologywithoutaddressingitslimitationscouldleadtoserious
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】consequencesontheroad.
1.WhatcanwelearnaboutTesla’sdriver-assistance-relatedcrashesfromparagraph2?
A.736fatalcasesofself-drivingarerecorded.
B.NHTSAfocusedonthecrashesonhighways.
C.Thetotalnumberofcarcrashesisextremelysmall.
D.Theincidentsavoidedarenotcountedinthecrashstatistics.
2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTesla’ssafetyclaims?
A.Theyaresupportedbycomprehensivedata.
B.Theyarebasedonlimiteddrivingenvironment.
C.Theyarerestrictedtotheexperiencesofsatisfiedcustomers.
D.TheyhavebeenproventobeaccurateandreliablebyNHTSA.
3.WhatcanweknowaboutFullSelf-Driving?
A.Itisill-received. B.Itiswell-developed.
C.Itneedsthedrivertostayfocused. D.Itreducestheaccidentsgreatly.
4.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthecontentofthistext?
A.ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”Cars
B.Tesla’sSelf-DrivingCars:TheSafestOptionofDrivingontheRoad
C.TheFutureofSelf-DrivingCars:ACloserLookatTesla’sTechnology
D.ReconstructionandRevolutionofTesla’sAutopilotandFullSelf-Driving
(2)
(2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测)
Could the next Ernest Hemingway or JaneAusten be a well-engineeredAI software program? It’s a question
becomingincreasinglypressingasmachinelanguage-learningsoftwarecontinuestoevolve.
Much of this is just nerves.Today’sAI creative writing programs are notyet ata stage of development where
they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to focus on the
possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature byAI, far less consideration has beengiven to the prospectof
AIco-workingwithhumans.
Earlier this month, American sci-fi writer Ken Liu, who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name,
joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google’s Wordcraft. This AI tool, a language
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】generating model, is not yet publicly available but is advertised as anAI-powered writing assistant that can, when
given the right instruction from the writer, provide helpful descriptions, create lists of objects or emotional states,
andevenbrainstormideas.
The writers at the workshop, however,emerged with mixed reports. “Wordcraft is too sensible.Wow!” Robin
Sloan wrote. “But ‘sensible’is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce
somethingunexpected.”
I’m unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from AI. Their work, and that of
countless other novelists, shortstory writers, dramatists andpoets, is too particular,too beautifully unique. Even if
a model learned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take
them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern,AI might step in, first as assistants before some
daytoauthorship.
Production-line novels are nothing new. In the 1970s, Barbara Cartland, who wrote more than 723 books in
her lifetime, many of which are romance bestsellers, would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the
remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary’s role. Perhaps
creativewritingsoftwareisn’tthatfarfromreplacingtheMrs.Cartlandsoftoday.
1.WhichaspectofAIcallsformoreattention?
A.Itsdamagetoournerves. B.Itsprogressinliterarystudies.
C.Itscooperationwithhumans. D.Itsinfluenceonhumanliterature.
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutWordcraftfromthetext?
A.Itgeneratesnovelsautomatically. B.Itoutperformsprofessionalwriters.
C.Itsworksreceivepraisesfromthepublic. D.Itsworksbearsimilaritytoexistingones.
3.WhatcanwritersdotoavoidthethreatfromAI?
A.Increasewritingspeed. B.Usediverseresources.
C.Producecreativeworks. D.Followthelatestpatterns.
4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.WillAIReplaceHumanWriters? B.AIWarnsMrs.CartlandsofToday
C.IsWritingRunningintoaNewEra? D.WordcraftLiesattheCenterofDebate
(3)
(2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测)
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Snowboardinggenius SuYiming madea name for himself by winningChina’s first Olympic gold in the sport
onTuesday.Bycleanlystompingback-to-back1800tricks,theteenagerlandedthebiggestprizesofarinhisyoung
career—gold in the men’s Big Air at the Beijing Winter Olympics. The notable achievement realized a childhood
dreamtoreachthepeakofthesport,whichhebegantolearnattheageof4.
Nowwithtwoshinningmedalshungaroundhisneck,the17-year-olddescribedhissuperbOlympicdebut(首
秀)asanunbelievableexperiencethathasmadeallhissacrificesworthwhile.“ThisfeelssosurrealthatI’vefinally
accomplishedwhatI’vedreamedofsinceIwaslittle,”saidanemotionalSu.
Over the past four years, Su has combined his talent with hard work to produce one of the swiftest rises to
prominence the sport has ever seen. When the Shougang BigAir venue hosted its first international event, Su was
anunknownqualifier,who didn’teven make thefinalruns.Justover twoyears later,Su is the name oneveryone’s
lipsatthevenuesOlympicdebut—drawingthewholenation’sattentiontothesportheloves.
“Thebiggest motivation(动力)for me ismylove forsnowboarding,”Su said,whenasked aboutthesecretto
his success. “In snowboarding, I feel like I can show my own style and creativity. Every time I ride my board, it’s
always a joyful moment. I hope through my experience, I can inspire more young people to get interested in the
sport.”
Su, a former child actor who featured in action movies, said the Olympic gold will encourage him to seek for
more breakthroughs—even beyond his athletic career. “I enjoy snowboarding just as much as I enjoy acting,” said
Su, who turns 18 on Friday. “I think I still have a lot of possibilities to explore in my future career either in
snowboarding or in acting. But now I just want to enjoy the moment and celebrate it as the best possible birthday
gift.”
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“landed”inParagraph2mean?
A.Arrived. B.Gained. C.Created. D.Dreamed.
2.AccordingtoSuhimself,whatishissecrettohissuccess?
A.Hisactingexperience. B.Histalentandhardworking.
C.Hispassionforsnowboarding. D.Hislifedreamofachievingsuccess.
3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSu?
A.Talentedandthoughtful. B.Generousandproductive.
C.Creativeandkind-hearted. D.Hard-workinganddevoted.
4.What’sSu’sattitudetowardhisfuture?
A.Upset. B.Hopeful. C.Anxious. D.Careful.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】(4)
(2023春·浙江金华·高二浙江金华第一中学校考阶段练习)
Squirrelseavesdropon(窃听)thechatterofsongbirdstoworkoutwhethertheappearanceofapredator(食肉
动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to
eavesdroponcriesofalarmfromothercreatures.Butthelateststudysuggestsanimalsmayalsokeepanearoutfor
everydaychitchatamongotherspeciesasawaytoassesswhetherthereistroublearound.
Writing in the journalPlos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey
squirrelsastheywanderedaboutdifferentareasintheresidentialregionsofOberlin.
After30secondsofobservingasquirrel,researchersplayeditarecordingofthecallofared-tailedhawk(鹰),
which lasted a couple of seconds-and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were
thenplayedathree-minuterecordingofseveraldifferentspeciesofsongbirdchatteringonafeeder.
The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call, the squirrels increased the percentage
of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan
the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the
numberofthese“look-ups”droppedofffasterovertime.
“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their
vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors
wrote.
Theteamsuggestedthatwithlevelsofhuman-madenoiseincreasing,squirrelsmayfindithardertoeavesdrop
onbirds,meaningtheymayhavetospendmoretimebeingalertandlesstimeforaging.
Dr Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, co-author of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how
animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he
said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on
naturalsoundscapesmayreducesurvivalofwildlifeinwayswehaven’tthoughtof.”
1.Whatdoesthenewresearchfindaboutsquirrels’eavesdropping?
A.Itlacksscientificevidence. B.Itismorewidespreadandbroader.
C.Itneedstobefurtherinvestigated. D.Itiscontradictorytopreviousfindings.
2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Thesubjectoftheexperiment. B.Thefindingsoftheexperiment.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C.Theprocessoftheexperiment. D.Thepurposeoftheexperiment.
3.Whyisrecognitionofbirdchatterasasignofsafetyimportantforsquirrels?
A.Theycanescapefrompotentialrisks. B.Ithelpsthemtoforagefoodsuccessfully.
C.Theycanadapttoanewenvironmentquickly. D.Itensurestheirsafetywhenplayingwiththeirmates.
4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningtheresearch?
A.Itsimpacts. B.Itspotentialapplication.
C.Itslimitations. D.Itsfollow-upstudy.
(5)
(2023秋·山东聊城·高三山东聊城一中校联考期末)
The 2022 Future Science Prize, a privately funded science honor established by a group of famous scientists
and entrepreneurs, called “China’s Nobel Prize,” was awarded on Sunday to three Chinese scholars for their
outstanding achievement in basic scientific research, an exciting boost to encourage innovation in the country’s
basicscience.
The Life ScienceAward, the Physical ScienceAward, and the Mathematics and Computer ScienceAward of
the 2022 Future Science Prize respectively went to Li Wenhui,Yang Xueming, and Mok Ngai-ming, with each of
themwinning$1million,theawardorganizerannounced.
Lin Chao, chairman of the scientific committee of the 2022 Future Science Prize, said the winners’research
has achieved great international influence. It is the spirit of exploration and continuous scientific research of these
scientists that have broadened human beings’ cognitive boundaries in the macro and micro world, and set the
directionforanuncertainfuture.
The Future Science Prize aims at recognizing scientific successes and innovations in China with long-term
significance to the world. Chinese research fellows generally believe the selection of famous scientists will play a
positive role in encouraging innovation in basic science in China and inspire scientific eagerness among young
people.
Liu Dingzhen, a professor from the College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University,said that on Sunday
thatencouraging China’sbasicscienceisofgreat significance,becausebasicsciencetakes alongperiodoftime to
harvest achievements but it is one of the key factors for the country to resolve bottlenecks in technology, secure
supplychainsinglobalcompetitionandachievethegoalofbecomingapowerfulnationinscienceandtechnology.
The prize committee, composed of 23 outstanding scientists, is at the core of the award selection. The award
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】ceremonyofthe2022FutureSciencePrizeisscheduledtobeheldinNovember.
Since 2016, 24 winners have been awarded the Future Science Prize, all of whom have been widely
recognizedbothinscientificcirclesandinsociety.
1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFutureSciencePrizefromthetext?
A.Ithasahistoryofoveradecade. B.It’sestablishedbythegovernment.
C.Itawardsthreescientistseveryyear. D.Itfocusesonbasicscientificresearch.
2.HowdoesLinChaofeelaboutthewinners’research?
A.It’sfullofchallenges. B.It’sgreatlyinfluential.
C.Itneedshugeimprovement. D.Itshouldbroadenitsrange.
3.AccordingtoLiuDingzhen,what’sthesignificanceofdevelopingbasicscience?
A.Settingthedirectionforanuncertainfuture.
B.Inspiringscientificeagernessamongyoungpeople.
C.Recognizingscientificsuccessesandinnovationsintime.
D.Helpingthenationtaketheleadinscienceandtechnology.
4.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyoumostprobablyreadthisarticle?
A.Society. B.Finance. C.Entertainment. D.Environment.
(6)
(2023秋·山东济南·高二济南市历城第二中学校考阶段练习)
ArthurLihofMassapequasoldhisfirstLifeVac,adevicetohelpsavepeople’slife,toafiredepartmentabout
18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire
departmentshave purchasedLih’sinvention,whichis designedtodrawforeign objectsfrom thethroatsofchoking
victims when procedures suchas the HeimlichManeuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about5,000
LifeVacdevicesintheUnitedStatesandabroadsincethedevicewentonthemarketinAugust2014.
The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as
wellasinchiefs’vehicles,saidRayMaguire,thedepartment’sexecutivedirector.“It’sanextratoolinthetoolbox,”
Maguiresaid.“I’dbesurprisedifanyonewhoseesitdoesn’tpurchaseit. It’sthattoolyoumayonlyneedonce,but
it’sthetoolyoureallywantincaseyouneedit.It’saffordable.Ihaveitinmycar.Ihaveoneathome,too.”
Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate
for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’twork, the victim would probably loseconsciousness because of a lack of
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】oxygen.
A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the
LifeVacsuccessfullyremovedanobstruction(阻塞物)fromthethroatofadeadhumanbodyonthefirsttry49out
of50times,accordingtoanAugustresearcharticleintheAmericanJournalofEmergencyMedicine.
Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s
mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death
onagrape.
1.What’sthefunctionoftheLifeVacdevice?
A.Toputoutthefire. B.Toremoveforeignobjects.
C.Todesignprocedures. D.Totreatvictims’throats.
2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusabouttheinvention?
A.Itstargetusers. B.Itspracticalnecessity.
C.Itsmajoradvantages. D.Itsreasonableprice
3.WhatinspiredLihtoinventtheproduct?
A.Akid’sdeath. B.Hisclient’ssuggestion.
C.Agarageaccident. D.Materialrewards.
4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Aproductiveinventor. B.Aconvincingcure.
C.Ananti-chokingdevice. D.Animportanttoolbox.
(7)
(2023·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考二模)
AIisconsideredtobetransformativeforawiderangeofindustries,butthere’sperhapsnootherfieldwhereit
provides more value than healthcare. Machine-learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot
cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there’s still this general impression that this is all done in a
smallwayandtheimpactsarestillminimal.AIisalreadyheretostayandithasalreadysavedthousandsoflives.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-
based early detection tool for sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two-year period. During this
period,theAI was able to identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases from patient recordsand helpeddoctors offer critical
care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn’t have access to the AI’s warning. Thanks to this
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】system, the patients were 20%less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U.S. if it
isimplemented(实施)nationwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating
sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed
diagnoses.Butiftheconditionisnotdiagnosedintime,itcanprogressintosepticshock,causingasignificantdrop
in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is
nothingdoctorscandotosavethepatient’slife,whichiswhypreventionisthenameofthegamewithsepsis.
ThisiswhytheAIdevelopedatJohnsHopkins,knownastheTargetedReal-timeEarlyWarningSystem,isso
important. In the two years the system had beenonline since 2018, during which it monitored 590,000patients via
their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10,000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy following
diagnosisprovedtobe38%,whichmightnotsoundlikealot,butearliersystemscouldn’tachievemorethan12%.
1.What’sthegeneralimpressionofAIinthehealthcareindustries?
A.Itiswidelyimplementedtospotdiseases. B.Itprovidesmorevaluethaninotherfields.
C.Ithashadalimitedimpact. D.Ithasfailedtosavelives.
2.WhatdidresearchersatJohnsHopkinsUniversityfindabouttheAItoolforsepsis?
A.Itcouldupdatepatientrecords.
B.Itcouldbeusedtofigureouthowsepsisoccurs.
C.Itcoulduncoverthereasonfordelayeddiagnoses.
D.Itcouldbeappliedtosepsisdetectionandtimelycaregiving.
3.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?
A.Theimportanceofsepsisprevention. B.Thedifficultyofdiagnosingsepsis.
C.Theidentificationofsepticshock. D.Thetreatmentsforsepticshock.
4.Whydoestheauthorpresentthedatainthelastparagraph?
A.Tointroducethedownsideofthestudies.
B.Tostresstheeffectivenessofthewarningsystem.
C.Toindicatethebignumberofpatientswithsepsis.
D.Tocallfortheimprovementofthetool’saccuracy.
(8)
(2023春·湖北武汉·高二武汉市第四十九中学校联考期末)
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】What do you do with your clothes that you don’t want to wear anymore? Through cutting, stitching (缝) and
redesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainable(可持续的).
In March, recycling clothes earned the 17-year-old from Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah High School inWisconsin,
US, a finalist spotin theYoung Entrepreneurs competition.The competition was hosted by JuniorAchievement of
Wisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMad
Patcher.
Inthebeginning,Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefrom
hisgrandmother.He thenstarted to tearup hisoldjeans to try andcreate coolnew designs.The funhobby quickly
turned into a business for Salzwedel when his friends and classmates started asking him to make customized
clothingforthem.
“So manypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake 150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1had
tostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.
In 2021, Salzwedel started his clothing brand. He uses colourful and patterned fabrics (布料) from other
clothes to create his patchwork (拼接) designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or recycled
materialstoensuremaximumsustainability.
Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughselling hisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhis profits
tonon-profitorganizations.
Talking about the competition, Salzwedel said, “It was exciting to do that and meet all sorts of young people
with similar ideas.” The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology in New
York. The college is one of the most famous fashion schools in the world. Meanwhile, he will continue doing his
businessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.
1.WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?
A.Hisinterestinfashiondesign. B.Thepopularityofhispants.
C.Hisgrandmother’sencouragement. D.Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.
2.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?
A.Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes. B.Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.
C.Itproducessustainablefashionproducts. D.Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.
3.WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?
A.Growhisclothingbrand. B.Earnadegreeinfashion.
C.Donateittoafashionschool. D.Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?
A.Strongbutselfish. B.Braveanddetermined.
C.Talentedbutnegative. D.Creativeandgenerous.
答案与详解
(1)答案 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是特斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些
问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’
safetyfeatures.(然而，这些统计数据并不能记录由于汽车的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故不
计入撞车统计。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,
while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover,
Tesla’s customer base consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident
rates.(特斯拉的安全声明缺乏背景，因为自动驾驶仪主要是为高速公路设计的，而大多数事故发生在更复杂
的环境中，有交叉交通、行人和骑自行车的人。此外，特斯拉的客户群主要是生活在事故率较低社区的富
裕人士。)”可知，特斯拉的安全声明是基于有限的驾驶环境。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“FullSelf-Drivingdoesnotallowthecarto fullydriveitself, anddrivers are
expectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.(全自动驾驶不允许汽车完全自动驾驶，司机需要
保持注意力，随时准备干预。)”可知，全自动驾驶需要司机保持专注。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on
crashes raises questions about their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability
makestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.(特斯拉的自动驾驶汽车最近受到
调查，因为一份关于车祸的报告引发了对其安全性的质疑。尽管特斯拉首席执行官ElonMusk声称，他们的
自动驾驶功能使他们的汽车“绝对更安全”，但数据显示并非如此。)”及后文的描述可知，本文主要讲的是特
斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些问题，因此最好的题目是A选项“Concernsand
QuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”Cars(围绕特斯拉“自动驾驶”汽车的担忧和问题)”。故选A。
(2)答案 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是本月早些时候，曾获得雨果奖和星云奖的美国科幻作家KenLiu
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】与其他12位专业作家一起参加了一个谷歌的Wordcraft写作研讨会，这是一款人工智能写作助手，文章主
要探讨了人工智能是否会取代人类的作家。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Butwhileattentioncontinuestofocusonthepossibility ofablankettakeover of
humanliteraturebyAI,farlessconsiderationhasbeengiventotheprospectofAlco-workingwithhumans.(但是，
当我们继续关注人工智能全面接管人类文学的可能性时，人们对人工智能与人类合作的前景的考虑要少得
多。)”可知，人工智能与人类的合作更值得关注，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段的““Wordcraftistoosensible.Wow!”Robin Sloanwrote. “But‘sensible’is another
word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce something unexpected.”(Word craft 太
明智了。哇！但“明智”是可预测、过度使用和无聊的另一个词。我的目的是创造一些意想不到的东西。”)”
可知，Wordcraft的作品与现存作品有相似之处。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Their work, and that of countless other novelists, short story writers,
dramatists and poets, is too particular, too beautifully unique. Even if a model learned what they had done in the
past,itwouldnotbeabletopredictwheretheircreativitymighttaketheminthefuture.(他们的作品，以及无数其
他小说家、短篇小说作家、剧作家和诗人的作品，都太过独特，太过美好。即使一个模型了解了他们过去
的行为，它也无法预测他们的创造力在未来会把他们带到哪里。)”可知，作家们可以通过创作有创意的作品
来避免人工智能的威胁，故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Could the next Ernest Hemingway or JaneAusten be a well-
engineered AI software program? It’s a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning
softwarecontinuestoevolve.(下一个ErnestHemingway或JaneAusten会是一个精心设计的人工智能软件程序
吗？随着机器语言学习软件的不断发展，这个问题变得越来越紧迫。)”和第二段的“Muchofthisisjustnerves.
Today’s AI creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to
ColleenHooverorCharlesDickens.(这在很大程度上只是神经紧张。今天的人工智能创意写作程序还没有发展
到对ColleenHoover或CharlesDickens构成严重威胁的阶段。)”可知，本文主要探讨的是人工智能是否会取
代人类的作家，因此最好的题目是A选项“WillAIReplaceHumanWriters?(人工智能会取代人类作家吗？)”，
故选A。
(3)答案 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B
【导语】这是一篇新闻。文章主要讲述周二，滑雪天才苏一鸣赢得了中国第一枚奥运会金牌，从而名声大
噪。
1. 词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Snowboarding genius SuYiming made a name for himself by winning China’s
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】firstOlympicgoldinthesportonTuesday.(周二，滑雪天才苏一鸣赢得了中国第一枚奥运会金牌，从而名声大
噪。)”可知，后文landed应指“获得，赢取”的意思，即这位少年获得了年轻职业生涯中迄今为止最大的奖项。
故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。由文章第四段“‘The biggest motivation (动力) for me is my love for snowboarding,’Su said,
whenaskedaboutthesecrettohissuccess.(当被问及成功的秘诀时，苏说：“对我来说，最大的动力是我对单板
滑雪的热爱。”)”可知，他对单板滑雪的热爱是他的动力，这也最终导致了他的成功。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Over the pastfour years, Su has combined his talent with hard work to produce
oneoftheswiftestrisestoprominencethesporthaseverseen.(在过去的四年里，苏将自己的天赋与努力相结合，
创造了这项运动有史以来最迅速的成就)”可知，苏一鸣是一个全心全意努力工作的人。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“I thinkIstill havealotofpossibilitiesto exploreinmy futurecareereither in
snowboarding or in acting. But now I just want to enjoy the moment and celebrate it as the best possible birthday
gift.(我认为在我未来的职业生涯中，无论是在滑雪板还是在表演方面，我仍有很多可能性可以探索。但现
在我只想享受这一刻，并把它作为最好的生日礼物来庆祝。)”可知，苏一鸣对他的将来充满希望。故选B
项。
(4)答案 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍松鼠可以通过窃听其他物种之间的日常闲聊来判断危险的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals including squirrels have previously been found to eavesdrop on cries of
alarm from other creatures. But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat
amongotherspeciesasawaytoassesswhetherthereistroublearound.(此前，包括松鼠在内的动物被发现会窃
听其他生物发出的警报声。但最新研究表明，动物也可能会留意其他物种之间的日常闲聊，以此来评估周
围是否有麻烦。)”可知，以前的研究发现会窃听其他生物发出的警报声，而最新的研究表明，它们还会留意
其他物种之间的日常闲聊，所以松鼠的窃听范围更加广泛。故选B。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theresultsrevealedthatinthe30secondsafterhearingthehawkcall,thesquirrels
increasedthepercentageoftheirtimespent“vigilant”(警惕)comparedwithbeforethecall,whiletheyalsolooked
up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during
therecordingandthenumberofthese“look-ups”droppedofffasterovertime.(结果显示，在听到鹰叫声后的30
秒内，松鼠比叫声前“保持警惕”的时间比例增加了，同时它们也更频繁地抬头扫描环境。在录音过程中，被
播放鸟叫声的松鼠很少抬起头来，而且随着时间的推移，这些“仰视”的数量下降得更快。)”可知，这一段主
要介绍实验的过程。故选C。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3. 细节理解题。根据第五段““Recognitionofbirdchatterasasignofsafetyislikelyadaptive,assquirrelsthatcan
safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食)
success,”theauthorswrote.(作者写道：“将鸟叫声识别为安全的标志可能是自适应的，因为松鼠在鸟叫声出
现时可以安全地降低警惕水平，这可能会增加觅食的成功率。”)”可知，松鼠通过窃听鸟叫的声音来判断是
否有危险，从而会增加觅食的成功率。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“DrJakobBro-Jorgensen,co-authorofthestudyfromOberlinCollege,said:“The
study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first
glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的)
impactofhuman activities onnaturalsoundscapesmayreducesurvivalofwildlifeinways wehaven’tthoughtof.”
(奥伯林学院这项研究的合著者JakobBroJorgensen博士说：“这项研究提请人们注意动物如何通过使用乍一
看似乎无关紧要的线索从环境中收集信息，”他说。“这让你想知道，人类活动对自然声景越来越普遍的影响
可能会以我们从未想过的方式减少野生动物的生存。”)可知，这一段主要介绍研究结果的影响和启示。故选
A。
(5)答案 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了该奖项2022
年的三名获奖人。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The2022FutureSciencePrize,aprivatelyfundedsciencehonorestablishedby
a group of famous scientists and entrepreneurs, called “China’s Nobel Prize,” was awarded on Sunday to three
Chinese scholars for their outstanding achievement in basic scientific research, an exciting boost to encourage
innovationinthecountry’sbasicscience.”（2022年未来科学奖是由一群著名科学家和企业家设立的一项私人
资助的科学荣誉，被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”，周日，三名中国学者因其在基础科学研究方面的杰出成就而获奖，
这是鼓励中国基础科学创新的一个激动人心的推动力。）可知，未来科学奖的三名获奖人都来自基础科学
研究领域，这个奖项鼓励了中国基础科学创新，由此可知，未来科学奖侧重于基础科学研究。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Lin Chao,chairman ofthe scientific committee of the2022Future Science
Prize,saidthewinners’researchhasachievedgreatinternationalinfluence.”（2022年未来科学奖科学委员会主席
林潮表示，获奖者的研究取得了巨大的国际影响力。）可知，林潮表示获奖者的研究取得了巨大的国际影
响力，由此可知，林潮认为获奖者的研究影响力很大。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“Liu Dingzhen, a professor from the College of Life Sciences, Beijing
Normal University, said that on Sunday that encouraging China’s basic science is of great significance, because
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】basic science takes a long period of time to harvest achievements butit is one of the key factors for the country to
resolve bottlenecks in technology, secure supply chains in global competition and achieve the goal of becoming a
powerfulnationinscienceandtechnology.”（北京师范大学生命科学学院教授刘定震周日表示，鼓励中国的基
础科学具有重要意义，因为基础科学需要很长一段时间才能取得成果，但这是中国解决技术瓶颈的关键因
素之一，在全球竞争中确保供应链安全，实现成为科技强国的目标。）可知，基础科学有助于中国实现成
为科技强国的目标，在科学技术方面处于领先地位，由此可知，刘定震认为发展基础科学能帮助国家在科
学技术方面处于领先地位。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The 2022Future Science Prize, a privatelyfundedsciencehonor
established by a group of famous scientists and entrepreneurs, called “China’s Nobel Prize,” was awarded on
SundaytothreeChinesescholarsfortheiroutstandingachievementinbasicscientificresearch,anexcitingboostto
encourageinnovationinthecountry’sbasicscience.”（2022年未来科学奖是由一群著名科学家和企业家设立的
一项私人资助的科学荣誉，被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”，周日，三名中国学者因其在基础科学研究方面的杰出成
就而获奖，这是鼓励中国基础科学创新的一个激动人心的推动力。）可知，本文主要介绍了被称为“中国诺
贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了该奖项2022年的三名获奖人，由此可知，这是一项社会事件的报道，你
最有可能在报纸的社会栏目读到这篇文章。故选A项。
(6)答案 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了马萨皮加的亚瑟·李在听闻了海姆立克急救法无法解救一个被葡
萄噎着的7岁的孩子，最终窒息而死的事件之后，在自家车库里发明了一套救生设备，能帮助从窒息受害
者的喉咙中抽出异物，他的这套设备有效且安全，已销售5000套。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“ArthurLihofMassapequasoldhisfirstLifeVac,adevicetohelpsavepeople’slife,
to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now
about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects
from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t
work.(大约18个月前，马萨皮加的亚瑟·李把他的第一台救生设备卖给了一个消防部门，当时杰里科消防部
门购买了21台这个救生设备。现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发明旨在当海姆利克氏
急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”可知，李发明的 LifeVac是救生设备，用来
取出窒息受害者的喉咙中的异物。故选B项。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac
devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. ‘It’s
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】anextra toolin thetoolbox,’Maguire said. ‘I’d besurprised if anyone whosees itdoesn’tpurchaseit. It’s thattool
you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I
haveoneathome,too.’(自由港消防局是李的客户之一。该部门的执行主任雷·马奎尔说，他们购买了大约25
台LifeVac设备，安装在卡车上，以及局长们的车辆上。‘这是工具箱里的一个额外工具，’马奎尔说。‘如果
看到它的人不购买它，我会感到惊讶。这种工具你可能只需要一次，但它是你真正想要的工具，以防你需
要它。它是负担得起的。我车里就有。我家里也有一个。’)”可知，借助于客户，宣传这个发明是一个非常
实用的必需品，车上配一个，可做到有备无患。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a
hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old
childhadchokedtodeathonagrape.(李在他的车库里发明了这款产品，灵感出自于他和一个朋友去医院，当
时朋友的母亲正在做检查。这位朋友说，上次他在那里的时候，一个7岁的孩子被一颗葡萄噎死。)”可知，
这个孩子被葡萄噎着了，但是去了医院也没被救回来，说明海姆立克急救法没奏效，这个孩子的死亡促成
Lih发明这个救生设备。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s
invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as
theHeimlichManeuver(海姆立克急救法)don’twork.(现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发
明旨在当海姆利克氏急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”，以及第四段“A
challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac
successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50
times, accordingto anAugustresearcharticle in theAmericanJournalofEmergency Medicine. (任何新型医疗设
备都面临着一个挑战，那就是让潜在用户相信它是有效和安全的。根据《美国急诊医学杂志》8月份发表的
一篇研究文章，在测试中，LifeVac在50次尝试中有49次成功地从死人的喉咙中移除了阻塞物。)”可知，
本文介绍了Lih发明的可以防止喉咙处异物阻塞致死的一套设备。故选C项。
(7)答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是现在，许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病，
并发现新药，但人们仍然普遍认为，这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的，影响仍然很小。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Machine-learningprogramsarenowbeingusedin manyhospitalstospotcancer
and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there’s still this general impression that this is all done in a small
wayandtheimpactsarestillminimal.(现在，许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病，并发现
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】新药，但人们仍然普遍认为，这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的，影响仍然很小。)”可知，人们对人工智
能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022
describing a machine-learning-based early detection toolfor sepsis (败血症) thatwas used at five hospitals over a
two-yearperiod. Duringthisperiod,theAIwasabletoidentifynearly10,000sepsiscasesfrompatientrecordsand
helpeddoctorsoffercritical careabouttwo hours,onaverage, earlier thanwhentheydidn’thave accessto theAI’s
warning.(约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员于2022年7月发表了两项研究，描述了一种基于机器学习的败血症
早期检测工具，该工具在五家医院使用了两年。在此期间，人工智能能够从患者记录中识别出近1万例败
血症病例，并帮助医生提供重症监护，平均比他们没有获得人工智能警告的时间提前了两个小时。)”可知，
约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和及时护理。故选D。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Oncesepsissetsin,thepatientusuallysuffersfever,arapidheartrate,anddifficult
breathing.Whentreating sepsis,time is of criticalimportance.However,sepsis is notalways apparent,sothere are
naturally some delayed diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock,
causingasignificantdropinbloodpressure,organfailure,andotherseriousconsequences.Even withtreatment, in
some cases, there is nothing doctors can do to save the patient’s life, which is why prevention is the name of the
gamewithsepsis.(一旦败血症发作，病人通常会发烧，心跳加快，呼吸困难。在治疗败血症时，时间是至关
重要的。然而，败血症并不总是很明显，所以自然会有一些延迟诊断。但如果没有及时诊断，可能会发展
为感染性休克，导致血压显著下降、器官衰竭和其他严重后果。即使进行了治疗，在某些情况下，医生也
无法挽救病人的生命，这就是为什么预防是败血症的关键。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。
故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it
monitored590,000patientsviatheirelectronichealthrecords,theAIwasabletoflagnearly10,000casesofsepsis.
Its accuracy following diagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn’t
achievemorethan12%.(自2018年以来，该系统已上线两年，在此期间，它通过电子健康记录监测了59万
名患者，人工智能能够标记出近1万例败血症。其诊断后的准确率被证明为38%，这听起来可能不是很多，
但早期的系统无法达到超过12%。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。故选
B。
(8)答案 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了今年3月，一位来自美国威斯康辛州埃尔克哈特湖-格伦比拉高中
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】的17岁学生凭借回收衣物入围了青年企业家大赛的决赛。比赛由非营利组织“威斯康星青年成就”主办。他
的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,
sothatwaswhenIhadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（萨尔兹韦德尔
在接受希博伊根出版社采访时表示：“有这么多人想要它们，所以我不打算免费制作150条裤子，所以我不
得不开始做生意。”）可知，他的裤子很受欢迎促使萨尔兹韦德尔经商的。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He won a scholarship of $10, 000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad
Patcher.”（他的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyuses
donatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限
度的可持续性。）可知，这篇文章告诉了我们关于TheMadPatcher，它生产可持续时尚产品。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of
TechnologyinNewYork.Thecollege isoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（这位少年计划用
奖金去纽约的时装技术学院学习。该学院是世界上最著名的时装学院之一。）可知，萨尔兹韦德尔打算用
奖学金去学习，获得时尚专业的学位。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfuland
patterned fabrics from other clothes to create his patchwork designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses
donatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，萨尔兹韦德尔创立了自己的服装品
牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鲜艳、有图案的面料来创作他的拼接设计，比如牛仔裤、衬衫和夹克。他只使
用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）和第六段“Salzwedel hasearnedthousands of dollars
throughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（萨尔兹韦德尔通
过卖衣服赚了数千美元，他把25%的利润捐给了非营利组织。）故可推知，富有创造力和慷慨大方是最能
描述萨尔茨维德尔的。故选D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
