文档内容
作业 8 环境保护类记叙文
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing
how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing
through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to
wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and ①fisheries in college，John went back to
observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which
kinds of fish can eat ②cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and
plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what
he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．
First，he constructed a series of clear ③fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went
around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the
tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed
their own ④ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure
water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a ⑤greenhouse-like facility
that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine
to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a
box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and
observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair.”
1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A．To feed the animals.B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco-machine.
3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A．To review John’s research plans.
B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4．What is the basis for John’s work?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
语境猜词
①fishery(派)＝fish＋ery ______________________________________________
②cancer-causing(合)＝cancer＋causing ____________________
③fiberglass(合)＝fiber＋glass ____________________
④ecosystem(派)＝eco＋system ____________________
⑤greenhouse-like(合)＝greenhouse＋like ____________________
B
(2024·山东临沂高三一模)
Watford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay，Baltimore for generations.Her community
has faced environmental ①injustice.Heavy industries continued to move in her community.As a
result，her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory(呼吸的) problems.
When she knew a plan to build the nation’s largest trash-burning incinerator(焚化炉) less
than a mile away from her high school，she realized she had to take action.The incinerator was
being sold wrongly as clean，②renewable energy equipment but actually it would be a source of
③brain-damaging chemicals and would release 200 million tons of greenhouse gases per year，
both worse than coal burning.Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work
together to shut this plant down.
She co-founded Free Your Voice(FYV) ， a 10-person student organization devoted to
community rights and social justice.Together，they decided to start a campaign to take down
Energy Answers，the incinerator’s developer.They went ④door-to-door talking to neighbors and
organizing protests.
When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools(BCPS) was going to be a
customer of Energy Answers，the organization fought with the board and presented their case，
urging BCPS to withdraw from the project.BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract，which inturn inspired 22 other customers to do the same.Without any financial gain，Energy Answers had
no market to move forward with its plan.
Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development.They have a
vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement，a solar farm，and green
jobs.She wants the entire human family to join the fight for environmental justice because survival
as a species depends on our ability to take action.
5．What caused respiratory problems in Watford’s community?
A．Poor medical care.
B．Terrible environmental conditions.
C．Constant bacterial infection.
D．Unbalanced distribution of resources.
6．What is Watford’s attitude to building the incinerator?
A．Unfavourable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent.
7.What was the result of their campaign?
A．BCPS lost financial support.
B．Energy Answers stopped its plan.
C．The investors found a new market.
D．Many customers revised their contracts.
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Teenage Hero Against Urbanization
B．A Teenage Hero Fighting for an Advanced City
C．A Battle for Baltimore’s Sky by a Teenage Hero
D．The Social Justice Challenge for a Teenage Hero
语境猜词
①injustice(派)＝in＋justice ____________________
②renewable(派)＝re＋new＋able____________________
③brain-damaging(合)＝brain＋damaging____________________
④door-to-door(合)＝door＋to＋door____________________
C
(2024·广东江门一模)
Across the world，humans purchase around 1.3 billion ①single-use plastic water bottles a
day.Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled，the vast majority of those bottles ②wind up in
landfills，the ocean，or elsewhere in nature.
When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family’s trips to
California，the 12-year-old girl “just felt this needed to change，” she told Smithsonian
Magazine.
So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021，the ideaof a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind: she would design an
③eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.
“One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world，” the
confident young inventor said in a video on the website.
To bring her idea to life ， Madison built upon the already established method by
experimenting with common food materials.She also took inspiration from previous versions of
eatable water bottles，though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.She found that
the combination of water，lemon juice，natural gum，and Alginic acid(褐藻酸) resulted in a gel
pouch that wouldn’t break，could hold up to 3/4 cup of water，and would last in the fridge for
three weeks.
Though she’d like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water，she
believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners
in races.All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball，drink the water，and then eat the
pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.
Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet.“It doesn’t
necessarily have to be in a big way，” she told Smithsonian.“People can still make a difference
in the world，even if it’s just in a small way.”
9．What inspired Madison’s design of an eatable water bottle?
A．Her school’s task.
B．Her family’s urge.
C．Her love for nature.
D．Her trips to the beach.
10．What can we know about the Eco-Hero?
A．It is a copy of the previous versions.
B．It is made from ④unbreakable materials.
C．It is an improvement in size and ⑤durability.
D．It has a hole and should be disposed once used.
11.Which of the following words can best describe Madison?
A．Ambitious and creative.
B．Talented and determined.
C．Courageous and confident.
D．Cooperative and committed.
12．Which sentence can describe the main idea of the text?
A．A good beginning is half done.
B．Small people make big moves.
C．Where there is a will，there is a way.
D．Great minds think alike.语境猜词
①single-use(合)＝single＋use____________________
②wind up____________________
③eatable(派)＝eat＋able ____________________
④unbreakable(派)＝un＋break＋able____________________
⑤durability(派)＝durable＋ity ____________________
语境猜词答案
A．①渔业；渔场；水产业 ②致癌的 ③玻璃纤维；玻璃丝 ④生态系统 ⑤类似温室的
B．①不公正，无道义 ②可更新的，可再生的 ③损伤大脑的 ④挨家挨户地
C．①一次性的 ②结束，终结 ③可吃的，可食用的 ④牢不可破的；不易破损的 ⑤持
久性，耐用性
答案精析
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个
生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他家周
围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清
理人们制造的混乱。根据第二段可知，在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了
观察自然和提出问题的生活中。由此可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“After a few weeks，John added the sludge.”以及
第四段“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge
as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure
water.”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He
developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South
Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast
China.”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示关于约翰想法的一项实际应用。故选B。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据第一段及最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships
and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A。]
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了恶劣的环境导致Watford所在社区的居民出现
健康问题，Watford和另外9名学生成立Free Your Voice组织，发起反对建立垃圾焚化炉的
运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her community has faced environmental injustice. Heavy
industries continued to move in her community. As a result, her neighbors have had to live with
serious respiratory(呼吸的) problems.”可知，恶劣的环境条件导致Watford所在社区的居民出
现呼吸问题，故选B。]
6．A [观点态度题。根据第二段末句“Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her
community to work together to shut this plant down.”可知，Watford反对建立垃圾焚化炉，故
选A。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“BCPS was convinced to...to move forward with
its plan.”可知，Watford发起的运动迫使开发商Energy Answers停止了其计划。故选B。]
8．C [标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述恶劣的环境导致 Watford所在社区
的居民出现健康问题，Watford和另外9名学生成立Free Your Voice组织，发起反对建立垃
圾焚化炉的运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停，故C项“少年英雄为巴尔的摩的天空而战”为
最佳标题，故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madison为了解决塑料瓶污染的问
题，发明了可食用的水瓶。
9．D [细节理解题。根据第二段“When beach-loving...she told Smithsonian Magazine.”
可知，Madison在旅行时发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选
D。]
10．C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She also...hers bigger and more durable.”可知，她
从以前的可食用水瓶中获得灵感，并且让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用，也就是在体积和耐用性
上有了改善。故选C。]
11．A [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“To bring her idea to life...more durable.”可知，
Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、
更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是有创造力的(creative)。根据第四段可知，她有帮助世界
的抱负，即她是有抱负的(ambitious)。故选A。]
12．B [主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中 Madison的话“It doesn’t necessarily
have to be in a big way”和“People can still make a difference in the world，even if it’s just in
a small way.”可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项
“小人物也能有大成就”能概括本文大意。故选B。]
