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2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷四（北京卷）
本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上
将该选项涂黑。
Family is the warmest place where members always help each other, especially in the most difficult times.
My husband and I went through tough times many years ago. However, we didn’t mention the difficulties to
our children. The only thing they knew clearly was that we had to ___1___many things. But we didn’t want to
___2___ them with a problem about which they could do nothing.
Our situation wasn’t improving, and we knew that we would have to look for outside help. Just as we reached
the point of ___3___, our community gave us an envelope that had been left in the committee’s offering box. The
committee said, “In our community, there has been a way of assisting those who have financial difficulties. In order
not to make the receivers feel ashamed, money is secretly dropped into an offering box with only the___4___name
on each envelope. Then the envelopes are___5___to those members without them knowing the givers’ names.”
You could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it, which was enough to bring us through the desperate
time. We couldn’t help but ___6___ who had given such a generous gift. We were enormously grateful.
Later, our son applied for a student loan so that he could attend university. It was then that we ___7___his
saving account was almost empty. We’d trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. We were
so___8___ that I asked him repeatedly to find out where the money had gone. He just stood there with firm eyes
but said nothing.
Finally, with great ___9___,my son eventually admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the
offering box for us. I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had spent several years saving that money
and had given it to us _____10_____without telling us what he had done.
1. A. make up for B. come up with C. cut back on D. look forward to
2. A. bother B. harm C. encourage D. support3. A. anger B. desperation C. hope D. relief
4. A. receiver’s B. giver’s C. organizer’s D. partner’s
5. A. related B. contributed C. distributed D. devoted
6. A. recall B. infer C. imagine D. wonder
7. A. discovered B. thought C. ensured D. admitted
8. A. pessimistic B. disappointed C. frightened D. guilty
9. A. interaction B. explanation C. expectation D. hesitation
10. A. obviously B. willingly C. gradually D. accidentally
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I’ve loved photography since I was a teenager. My parents recorded many home videos of my siblings and me.
Cherished family moments ____11____(document). Revisiting them was like opening a treasure chest. I’m
grateful for these visual records ____12____ showed our youth and growth. Film had a big influence on me. I love
the emotions conveyed by the story on video. For a decade I worked as a freelance filmmaker and photographer. I
recorded a wide range of genres, therefore ____13____(collect) tens of thousands of images—both still and
moving.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves ____14____
a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data
from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial ____15____(express) do have impact on
feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them
____16____(sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact
____17____(influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By drawing patterns such as bamboos on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick____18____(go) viral recently. There are a dozen steps, from grinding tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water,
stirring the mixture for thick froth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water it used to put into the cup. When
the water ____19____(touch) the surface of tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The
process before drawing is known as “diancha.” The quality of it is crucial to ____20____ the patterns can be
successfully produced later.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all
the three with Global Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and
whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need
volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water,
or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase
your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Schedule
Country
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul. — 1 Aug. 20 Jun. — 7 Aug.
Egypt 24 Jul. — 20 Aug. 19 Jun. — 6 Aug.
Kenya 20 Jul. — 16 Aug. 18 Jun. — 5 Aug.
South Africa 2 Aug. — 29 Aug. 15 Jun. — 2 Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is
needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chancelike a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the
communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:www.glodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
21．What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A．To seek local partners. B．To take in young volunteers.
C．To carry out programmes. D．To foster cultural awareness.
22．The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.
A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．South Africa
23．The shared goal of GDA’s projects to ________.
A．explore new cultures B．protect the environment
C．gain corporate benefit D．help communities in need
B
Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one
childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency
call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could
help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she
imagined it would be, except for one thing; she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not
on television, not in real life. Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like
hers.
The result is Camp Courage, an immersive (沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn
more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. In 2006, Speranza welcomed the first 17 participants. Over
the course, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first
aid and so on.
Camp Courage now nuns one session every year and is free to attend. To offset (抵消) costs, Speranza
fundraises by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing how
they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from
building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.While Camp Courage is designed to help more women become first responders, Speranza also has another,
bigger objective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby or climb a hundred-foot ladder,
they’re not going to have a problem going through a job interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a complete change in
mindset, and it works.”
Now hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage and some of them work as first responders now.
Speranza feels a sense of achievement. The opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her keeps her
going. It’s not even measurable.
24. What inspired Speranza to become a firefighter?
A. Her dream now. B. A childhood accident.
C. The lack of female firefighters. D. A firefighter’s encouragement.
25. Why did Speranza decide to start Camp Courage?
A. To train the girls to take the first aid course.
B. To complete an immersive program about firefighting.
C. To assist more females to take up some jobs like hers.
D. To motivate more females to stand on their own feet in the future.
26. What do campers have to do to pass through Camp Courage?
A. Raise money to pay off the cost.
B. Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C Build a bench for the disabled at a bus stop.
D. Hand in a plan and then put it into action.
C
Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis (光合作用), the process of absorbing energy from light to create their
own food from carbon dioxide and water. That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is
more daylight and are dormant in the colder months.
But this process isn’t particularly efficient and only one percent of the energy contained in sunlight actually
ends up in the plant, according to a news release from the University of California, Riverside. Now scientists at the
university have found a way to bypass the need for natural photosynthesis and to create food by using artificial
photosynthesis. This allows plants to grow in complete darkness. “With our approach we sought to identify a new
way of producing food that could break through the limits normally imposed by biological photosynthesis,”
corresponding author Robert Jinkerson, a UCR assistant professor of chemical and environmental engineering said
in the news release.The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (电催化) process to
convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant
organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support the
growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.
The new artificial photosynthesis method could be up to 18 times more efficient than sunlight. Experiments
showed that a large range of food producing organisms could be grown using this acetate. “We were able to grow
food producing organisms without any contributions from biological photosynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a
doctoral candidate in the Jinkerson lab and co-lead author of the study. “This technology is a more efficient method
of turning solar energy into food, as compared to food production that relics on biological photosynthesis,” she
said.
By eliminating the need for sunlight, he potential of this method to increase food supply in regions with less -
than ideal growing conditions is almost endless, according to New Atlas.
Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday
giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future
Martians?” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.
While this may be years off, the potential to grow food using artificial photosynthesis has great value in
feeding a hungry place where the population is growing and arable land shrinking. This new method increases the
efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.
27. What does the underlined word “dormant” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. Fresh. B. Resting. C. Healthy. D. Normal.
28. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The process of artificial photosynthesis.
B. The contribution of natural photosynthesis.
C. The efficiency of sunlight on plant organisms.
D. The wide range of applications of artificial photosynthesis.
29. According to Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, artificial photosynthesis is .
A. accurate B. dangerous C. promising D. impractical
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Biological photosynthesis can help produce higher quality food.
B. Biological photosynthesis is more efficient in turning solar energy into food.
C. Using artificial photosynthesis may decrease the efficiency of food production.D. Using artificial photosynthesis to grow food can reduce environmental influence.
D
When I give public lectures about the climate crisis, the most common question people pose is: “Are you an
optimist or a pessimist?”
My answer is yes. California has achieved dramatic emissions reductions in a thriving economy, which makes
me hopeful, yet in general the fossil-fuel industry is determined not to change. The second most common question
is: “What can I, personally, do?”
That’s a tough one. The major drivers of climate change are collective enterprises such as power grids,
industry, large-scale agriculture and transportation systems. Substantial emissions reductions in these settings most
likely will not come from personal actions; they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems,
revised building codes and supports for green investment.
Some people have argued that calls for individual action actually distract us from corporate responsibility. That
could explain why the fossil-fuel industry is fond of such requests. Oil giant BP popularized and promoted the idea
of a carbon footprint, deflecting attention to its customers who, it suggests, should take personal responsibility by
lowering their carbon footprints. One study found that focusing on individual activity actually undermines support
for more effective policy initiatives such as a carbon tax. Another problem with personal behavior is that people do
not like to be told what to do.
Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. One effective act, and one that can be amplified, is
to eat less red meat. Cutting meat consumption is a powerful and personal thing most Americans can do to tackle
the climate crisis, and they can do it immediately. About 40 percent of greenhouse gases come from agriculture,
deforestation and other land-use changes. Meat — particularly beef — drives climate change in two ways: first,
through cows’ emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and second, by destroying forests as they are
converted to grazing land to satisfy the global demand for beef. By eating less beef, we can start to decrease that
demand. You do not have to become a vegan to do this. If every person in the U.S. cut their meat consumption by
25 percent, it would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 1 percent. That might not sound like a lot, but it
would help protect the rain forest, so the positive effects — including reduced water and fertilizer use, improved
biodiversity and safeguarded rights of indigenous peoples — would be amplified.
Perhaps most important, social action is contagious — in a good way. If lots of us begin to eat less meat and
if we talk about it constructively, we will likely influence others. Pretty soon the 1 percent reduction becomes 2
percent or more. Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making iteasier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand
will influence industry. Forty years ago few mainstream supermarkets carried organic products; now nearly all do.
Consumer demand did that.
Cutting back on red meat also has the added benefit of being good for your health. So while I wouldn’t advise
governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate
answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”
31．Which one plays the most decisive role in emissions reductions according to the passage?
A．Individual actions. B．Fossil-fuel industries.
C．The thriving economy. D．Effective laws and policies.
32．What do we learn from the passage?
A．Indigenous peoples turn forests into grazing land.
B．Meat is considered as the biggest driver of climate change.
C．Small individual acts can make a big difference collectively.
D．Most Americans have to become vegans to tackle the climate crisis.
33．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.
34．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage？
A．To explain ways to reduce carbon footprint.
B．To persuade people to cut meat consumption.
C．To evaluate the effects of healthy eating habits.
D．To argue against the emission policies of industries.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of
biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ____35____
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands
such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs
are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to
generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. ____36____
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such asidentifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ____37____ Without
carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
____38____ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can
be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified
to maximize bang for buck.
____39____ It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all
habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost
of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. This can cause a coral’s death.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how
to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next
time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe
also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don’t keep your connectors, DVDs,
wires and gadgets organized, you won’t be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we
think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less
of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as
you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get taxdeductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take
your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment
in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right
away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever
you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how
quickly it fills up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use
DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be
doing a good thing.
40．What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem?
_____________________________________________________________
41．How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste?
__________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don 7 need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you
can get.
________________________________________________________
43．Why do we need to manage our e-waste? (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将组织参观中国载人航天工程成就展，你班的英国交换生Jim
对中国航天兴趣浓厚，请你写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．活动目的及时间安排；
2．活动内容；
3．询问对方意向。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国载人航天工程成就展 exhibition of achievements in China’s manned spaceflight program
Dear Jim.____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
