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2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word ( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:
you're the CEO of a small business, and though you're making a nice 1
you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is 2
growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members
from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of
collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the
software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5
departments of engineering , marketing and product development. This brought
them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that
too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And
7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the
upgrade.
Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project-marketing manager
came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective
they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it
became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most
customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces
to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free
version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong
leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep
them on course for improvement. This leader will 16 the target area, set
clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.
The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving
forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can
be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the
current goal and need to be put on the back burner.
11. A.
purchase profit C. connection D. bet
B.
A. c.
2. define predict prioritize D. appreciate
B.
A.
3. exclusively temporarily C. potentially D. initially
B.
A. B.
4. experiment proposal C. debate D. example
A. D.
5. identical B. marginal C. provisional traditional
A. B. c. D.
6. rumor secret myth problem
A. B.
7. despite unlike C. through D. besides
A. D.
8. moreover however therefore agam
B. C.
9.
A. inspected created C. expanded D. reformed
B.
10. A. c.
cultural B. objective fresh D. personal
11. A.
end burden C. lack D. decrease
B.
A. D.
12. policy B. suggestion purpose insight
C.
A. D.
13. contributing B. allocating promoting transferring
C.
14. D.
A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way In a sense
D.
15. A. unite finance C. follow choose
B.
A. B. D.
16. share identify divide broaden
C.
D.
17. A. announcement assessment C. adjustment accomplishment
B.
B. D.
18. A. famous responsible C. available respectable
19. A. B.
Before Once While D. Unless
C.
20. A. serve B. limit summarize D. alter
C.
Section Il Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B , C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 40 points)
2Text 1
In the quest for the perfect lawn , homeowners across the country are taking a
shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million
square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to
the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass
from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal
Horticultural Society ( RHS) , which runs the annual show in west London, says
it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the
environment and biodiversity.
Ed Home, of the RHS , said: "We launched our sustainability strategy last
year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We
recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include
supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment. "
The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the
problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to "cut through the
greenwash" of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is
trying to encourage people to sign two petitions , one calling for a b<1,)1 on the sale
of plastic grass and another calling for an " ecological damage " tax on such
lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.
However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an
environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore
usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass
requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that
people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims
that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for
their garden, which provides habitat for insects.
In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which
gathered 30, 0 00 signatures , the government responded that it has " no plans to
ban the use of artificial grass. "
It added: "We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice
rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must
comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and
ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity
duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable
alternatives. "
321. The RHS thinks that plastic grass
---
A. is harmful to the environment
B. is a hot topic in gardening circles
C. is overpraised in the annual show
D. is ruining the view of west London
22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners'
---
A. disappointment with the · RHS
B. resistance to fake grass use
C. anger over the proposed tax
D. concern about real grass supply
23. In Paragi;aph 4 , supporters of fake grass point out ___
A. the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass
B. the disadvantages of growing real grass
C. the way to take care of artificial lawns
D. the challenges of insect habitat protection
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
A. Urge legislation to restrict its use.
B. Take measures to guarantee its quality.
C. Remind its users to obey existing rules.
D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives.
25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass
---
A. is being improved continuously
B. has seen a market share decline
C. is becoming increasingly affordable
D. has been a controversial product
4Text 2
It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the
chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it's a good
idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up
under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?
But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis.
Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads,
trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.
But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure
aH. Camp grounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and
businesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5 % of their revenues
to the National Park Service.
Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major
reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and
get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.
We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their
national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them
whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of
700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people
would be wining to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks
and their programs are kept intact. Some 81 % of respondents said they would
be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the
national parks.
The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to
escape as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their
programs, their positive impact on the climate through
carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of
course through tourism. The parks also help keep America's past alive, working
with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical
sites-including Ellis Island and Gettysburg-and to bring the stories of these
places to life.
The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a
year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001 ( in
inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetirne boost in 2009 as part of
the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has
increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors
per year.
526. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?
A. Decline of business profits.
B. Inadequate commercialization.
C. Lack of transportation services.
D. Poorly maintained infrastructure.
27. Increased privatization of the campgrounds may
---
A. spoil visitor experience
B. help preserve nature
C. bring operational pressure
D. boost visits to parks
28. According to Paragraph 5 , most respondents in the survey would
-�-
A. go to the national parks on a regular basis
B. advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
C. agree to pay extra for the national parks
D. support the national parks' recent reforms
29. The national parks are valuable in that they
---
A. lead the way in tourism
B. have historical significance
C. sponsor research on climate
. D. provide an income for the locals
30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system
---
A. is able to cope with staff shortages
B. is able to meet visitors' demands
C. is in need of a new pricing policy
D. is in need of a funding increase
6Text 3
The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity
to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In
2011 , Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids
in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain," for example). Half of
the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half
were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to
recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could
find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember
both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the
information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words,
human memory is not deteriorating but " adapting to new communications
technology, " Sparrow says.
In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for
our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading. " Traditionally, this
role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may
never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry
that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside.
Perhaps , she suggests , the trend will change our approach to learning from a
focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual
thinking-something that is not available on the Internet. " I personally have
never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things , " Sparrow says ,
adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.
Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our
brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our
ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel
J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among
computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel
Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,
Los Angeles.
"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,
but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those
costs, " observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. " It seems pretty clear
that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we
don't know. "
731. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will
---
A. analyze information in detail
B. collect information efficiently
C. switch its focus of memory
D. extend its memory duration
32. The process of "cognitive offloading"
---
' A. helps us identify false information
B. keeps our memory from failing
C. enables us to classify trivial facts
D. lessens our memory burdens
33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?
A. It may reform our learning approach.
B. It may impact our society negatively.
C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology.
D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking.
34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains
---
A. requires further academic research
B. is most studied in older adults
C. is reflected in our reading speed
D. depends on our web-surfing habits
35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ___
A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly
B. the Internet is weakening our memory
C. memory exercise is a must for our brains
D. our ability to focus declines with age
8Text 4
Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something
that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is
scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children
who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent
people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time,
once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone
of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative
sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking
about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on
the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work
emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
The researchers studied " prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200
children and young adults , ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants
filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and
positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and
negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a
teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that,
interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more
likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly
help a friend.
Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and
rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to
help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory
developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers
call "reward sensitivity." Decision-making always involves balancing rewards
and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it
takes to outweigh risk.
Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game,
impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like
prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down
again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting
and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh the effort of
getting up off the couch.
936. According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to
---
A. develop opposite personality traits
B. see the world in an unreasonable way
C. have fond memories of their past
D. show affection for their parents
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study ___
A. explores teenagers' social responsibilities
B. examines teenagers' emotional problems
C. provides a new insight into adolescence
D. highlights negative adolescent behavior
38. What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?
A. It results from the wish to cooperate"
B. It is cultivated through education.
C. It is subject to family influence.
D. It tends to peak in adolescence.
39. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers
---
A. overstress their influence on others
B. care a lot about social recognition
C. become anxious about their future
D. endeavor to live a joyful life
40. What is the text mainly about?
A. Why teenagers are self-contradictory.
B. Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
C. How teenagers develop prosociality.
D. How teenagers become independent.
10Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column
to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices
in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring
New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to
increase the price of new homes , as well as those of · extensions and loft
conversions on existing ones.
The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of
government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They
set new standards for ventilation , energy efficiency and heating , and state that
new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.
The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,
and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a
shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.
Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the
measures will require new materials , testing methods , products and systems to be
installed. " All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are
already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,'' he says.
Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or
extending their home, will be directly affected. "The biggest changes relate to
heating and insulation," he explains. "There are new rules concerning the
amount of glazing used in extensions , and any new windows or doors must be
highly insulated. "
Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are
11new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from
the sun.
Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, says this will bring in new restrictions
for extensions .. "Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more
than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss," he says.
As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were
rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date
are considered to be under the previous rules , and can go ahead as long as work
starts before 15 June next year.
Builders which have costed projects , but have not filed the paperwork, may
need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build
Aviator.
Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years. How much overall
prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. "Whilst admirable
in their intentions , they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many
already feel that they are priced out of homeownership, " says Jonathan Rolande
of the National Association of Property Buyers. "An average extension will
probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs. "
John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will
eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. "As the marketplace
adapts to the new requirements , and the technologies that support them , the
scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short
term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition. " he says.
However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and
energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects. "Homeowners
will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously
be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time. "
12A. The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.
B. Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of
41. Brian Berry
their projects.
C. There will be specific limits on home extensions to
42. Gareth Belsham
prevent heat loss.
D. The new rules will take home prices to an even
43. Marcus Jefford
higher level.
R Many people feel that home prices are already
44. John Kelly
beyond what they can afford.
F. The new rules will affect people whose home
45. Andrew Mellor
extensions include new windows or doors.
G. The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.
Section ill Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET. ( 15 points)
In the late 18 th century , William Wordsworth became famous for his poems
about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called
Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.
Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport
them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully
selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny , beautiful , moving
and inspiring.
No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for
thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories
and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is
usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really come to life when they are
recited. This can also help with understanding them too , because the rhythm and
sounds of the words become clearer.
13Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend
David asks ymi which one he should go to. Write him an email to
1 ) make a suggestion, and
2) give your reason ( s) .
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in your email. Use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1 ) interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
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