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2018 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You
shouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions.Boththe newsreportandthe questionswillbespoken onlyonce.After you hearaquestion,you mustchoosethe
bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter onAnswer Sheet 1with
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Amanwaspulledtosafetyafterabuildingcollapse.
B)Abeamabouttenfeetlongcollapsedtotheground.
C)Arescueworkergottrappedinthebasement.
D)Adeserted100-year-oldbuildingcaughtfire.
2.A)Hesufferedafatalinjuryinanaccident.
B)Heonceservedinafiredepartment.
C)Hewascollectingbuildingmaterials.
D)Hemovedintohisneighbor’soldhouse.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)Improvethemathsskillsofhighschoolteachers.
B)ChangeBritishpeople’snegativeviewofmaths.
C)HelpBritishpeopleunderstandtheirpaychecks.
D)Launchacampaigntopromotemathsteaching.
4.A)Childrentakemathscoursesatanearlierage.
B)Thepublicseesthevalueofmathsintheirlife.
C)Britishpeopleknowhowtodoelementarycalculations.
D)Primaryschoolteachersunderstandbasicmathsconcepts.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Heownsafleetofaircraft.
B)Heislearningtobeapilot.
C)Heregardshisroyaldutiesasaburden.
D)Heheldapart-timejobforover20years.
6.A)Hecandemonstratehissuperiorpilotingskills.
B)Hecanchangehisfocusofattentionandrelax.
C)Hecanshowhisdifferencefromotherroyalty.
D)Hecancomeintoclosercontactwithhispeople.
7.A)Theyenjoyedhiscompany.
B)Theylikedhiminhisuniform.
C)Theyrarelyrecognisedhim.
D)Theyweresurprisedtoseehim.SectionB
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Theywereskilledcarpentersthemselves.
B)Itdidn’tneedmuchcapitaltostartwith.
C)WoodsupplywasplentifulinRomania.
D)Theysawabusinessopportunitythere.
9.A)Providequalityfurnitureataffordableprices.
B)Attractforeigninvestmenttoexpandbusiness.
C)Enlargetheircompanybyhiringmoreworkers.
D)OpensomemorebranchcompaniesinGermany.
10.A)Theyarefromherhometown.
B)TheyareimportedfromGermany.
C)TheyallcomefromRomania.
D)Theycomefromalloverthecontinent.
11.A)AllacrossEurope. B)Throughouttheworld.
C)MostlyinBucharest. D)InRomaniaonly.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Gotoaconcertwithhimandhisgirlfriend.
B)Tryoutanewrestauranttogetherintown.
C)GowithhimtochooseapearlforSusan.
D)Attendtheopeningofalocalrestaurant.
13.A)Itissponsoredbylocalrestaurants.
B)Itspecializesinfoodadvertizing.
C)Itisespeciallypopularwiththeyoung.
D)Itprovidesinformationonlocalevents.
14.A)Theydesignaspecialsetofmenusforthemselves.
B)Theytreatthemselvestovariousentertainments.
C)Theygotoeatatdifferentstylishrestaurants.
D)Theyparticipateinavarietyofsocialevents.
15.A)MorerestaurantswilljoinRestaurantWeek.
B)Thisyear’sRestaurantWeekwillstartsoon.
C)BiggerdiscountswillbeofferedthisRestaurantWeek.
D)MoretypesoffoodwillbeservedthisRestaurantWeek.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill
hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly
once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Rewardingthemforeatingvegetables.
B)Exposingthemtovegetablesrepeatedly.C)Improvingthetasteofvegetabledishesforthem.
D)Explainingthebenefitsofeatingvegetablestothem.
17.A)Theyweredislikedmostbychildren.
B)Theywereconsideredmostnutritious.
C)TheywereleastusedinBelgiancooking.
D)Theywereessentialtochildren’shealth.
18.A)Vegetablesdifferintheirnutritionalvalue.
B)Children’seatinghabitscanbechanged.
C)Parentswatchcloselywhatchildreneat.
D)Children’schoicesoffoodvarygreatly.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Spaceexplorationhasserousconsequences.
B)Indiahasmanyspaceexplorationprograms.
C)Thereisquitealottolearnaboutthemoon.
D)Alotofgarbagehasbeenleftonthemoon.
20.A)Itiscostlytobringback. B)Itisriskytodestroy.
C)ItisofnouseonEarth. D)Itisdamagedbyradiation.
21.A)Recorddetailsofspaceexploration.
B)Monitorthechangeoflunarweather.
C)Studytheeffectofradiationandvacuumonitsmaterials.
D)Explorethepossibilityofhumansettlementonthemoon.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Itislikelytoremainameansofbusinesscommunication.
B)Itislikelytobeacompetitorofvariousmessagingapps.
C)Itwillgraduallybereplacedbysocialmedia.
D)Itwillhavetobegovernedbyspecificrules.
23.A)Savethemessageintheirfile.
B)Makeatimelyresponse.
C)Examinetheinformationcarefully.
D)Seeisanyactionneedstobetaken.
24.A)Itistobepassedon. B)Itismostlyjunk.
C)Itrequiresnoreply. D)Itcausesnoconcern.
25.A)Makeitasshortaspossible.
B)Usesimpleandclearlanguage.
C)Adoptaninformalstyleofwriting.
D)Avoidusingcapitalsforemphasis.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40minutes )
SectionA
Directions:In this section,there is apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom alist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda 26 toasubordinate(下属)witha
voice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevarious
communicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor 27 andproductivity—andatthesametimevery
troublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat'sbest— 28 whenthe
messagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We've 29 businesscommunication
consultantsandetiquette(礼仪)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor 30 usingthealternativeways
ofdeliveringdifficultmessages.
Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost 31 .Otherchoices,
indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewritten
letter,andthemost 32 isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe 33 situationoryourown
preferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoice-mail.Howdoyoudecideonthebest
choiceforthedifficultmessageyou'vegottodeliver?“My 34 concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethis
message?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphone
conversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally
35 .”
A)avoid I)reward
B)convenience J)silent
C)effectively
D)escape K)specific
E)intimate L)surveyed
F)particularly M)unfriendly
G)primary N)warning
H)prompt O)witnessed
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
HowaPoor, AbandonedParisian BoyBecame aTopChef
A)ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseein
theshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseof
thelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.
B)HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCarême,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshort
lifetime,whichendedexactly184yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood （美食）,write
best-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.
C)Carême'schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither
1783or1784,ayoungCarêmewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworked
asakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice （学徒）
toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakeryinoneofParis'smostfashionableneighborhoods.
D)Carêmewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.
CarêmewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthe
backroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwonders—heshapeddelicious
masterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.E)Inhisteenageyears,Carêmefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury'smostfamousbuildings—cookiesin
theshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,
displayedtheseluxuriantcreations—oftenaslargeas4feettall—inhisbakerywindows.
F)Carême'screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricede
Talleyrand-Périgord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCarêmetoproduceafullmenuforhispersonalcastle,instructing
theyoungbakertouselocal,seasonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentire
year.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand'sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitable
connectionforCarême.
G)FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcentury
cooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis'shighsociety,hetoocalledCarêmetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,
CarêmedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-LouiseofAustria.He
becameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorder
andtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.
H)In1816,Carêmebeganaculinary(烹饪的)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory'sfirsttopchef.
HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(摄政王)， GeorgeⅣ,andcrossed
continentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderⅠofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisown
accomplishments,aboastfulCarêmemadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.
Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeableto
recognize—andadmire—him.
I)Carême'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautifulandimposing.
GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCarême'sfancycreationsintothedininghall.Forabanquet
celebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia'svisittoGeorgeⅣ'sBrightonPavilliononJan.18,1817,themenufeatured
120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups,40maincourses,and32desserts.
J)Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CarêmeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.
Lockedinhotkitchens,Carêmecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesauces—béchamel,velouté,espagnoleand
allemande—formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesoufflé—abakedegg
dish,andintroducedthestandardchef'suniform—thesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymany
chefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCarême—andinhisrealm,appearancewas
everything.
K)Betweenmeals,CarêmewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.His
manualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847,
completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-step
directions.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Carêmewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthem
to“trythisforyourself,athome”asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater.
L）Intheend,however， itwasthekitchenthatdidCarêmein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closed
spaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Carême
diedjustbeforeheturned50.
M）Butinhislifetime,Carême,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“set
thestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19th
centurywerethemostfamousintheworld,”ashewroteinhispapers.
N）Decadeslater,chefAugusteEscoffierwouldbuilduponCarême'sconceptofFrenchcuisine （烹饪）.Butinthe
verybeginning,therewasjustCarême,thetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.
36.Carêmewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.
37.CarêmewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.38.CarêmebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.
39.CarêmelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.
40.Carême'screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.
41.Carême'sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredients.
42.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCarême.
43.Carêmebecameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.
44.Carême'swritingsdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.
45.Carême'scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfrom
yourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasingly
usingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.
Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey'rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?
“It'scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,”saysLizziePost,president
oftheEmilyPostInstitute,America'sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette
（礼仪） emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthat
itbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.”
Postwantstomakeclearthatshe'snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferenc.Shealsowantsto
explainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnow
becomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn'tdictatemanners.
Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit'sahost'sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithin
theirhome. “I'malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.” Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisa
cameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyare
uncomfortable.
However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon'tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Then
again,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors'favor. “Ifanythingdoesgowrong
whilethey'reinthehouse,theydon'twanttobeblamedforit,” shesays. “Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthat
provesthattheydidn'tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”
46.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?
A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.
B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.
C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.
D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers.
47.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?A)Theeffectofmannersadviceonthepublic.
B)Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome.
C)Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices.
D)Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.
48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?
A)Legalrights. C)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.
B)Moralissues D)Thepossibleimpactonmanners.
49.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?
A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease.
B)Indicatingwheretheyare.
C)Turningthemoffintime.
D)Ensuringtheirguests’privacy.
50.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?
A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.
B)Itcanprovetheirinnocence.
C)Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.
D)Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,
saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic （流行
病）.
ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswith
reducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients—PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhite
bread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.
Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeonthe
industry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.
IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany'sgrowth.
Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeing
moresedentary（久坐不动的）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo'scontribution
wastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.
“Societyhastochangeitshabits,” sheadded. “Wecan'tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovide
consumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwe're
breakingthattrade-off.”
PepsiCo'splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation,whichlastweek
backedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceits
environmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,DrMehmoodKhan,chief
scientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas
“committedtosustaininginvestment”,addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales. PepsiCo's
researchanddevelopmentbudgetin2015was$754million.
51.WhyisPepsiComakingapolicychange?
A)Towinsupportfromthefederalgovernment.
B)Tobemorecompetitiveintheglobalmarket.
C)Tosatisfythegrowingneedsforhealthyfoods.
D)Toinvestmorewiselyinthesoftdrinkindustry.
52.WhatdoesPepsiCothinkitwillhavetodointhefuture?
A)Investmoretodevelopnewsnacks.
B)ReducelevelsofobesityintheUS.
C)Changeconsumers’eatinghabits.
D)Keeponimprovingitsproducts.
53.WhydoesPepsiCoplantoalteritsproducts,accordingtoIndraNooyi?
A)Toensurethecompany’sfuturedevelopment.
B)Toadapttoitscustomers’changedtaste.
C)Tohelpimproveitsconsumers’lifestyles.
D)Tobreakthetrade-offinitsproductdesign.
54.WhatdoesIndraNooyisayabouttheobesityepidemic?
A)Itismainlycausedbyoverconsumptionofsnacks.
B)Itresultsfromhighsugarandsaltconsumption.
C)Itisattributabletopeople’schangedlifestyles.
D)Ithasalottodowithlongerworkinghours.
55.WhathasPepsiCobeendoingtoachieveitsobjective?
A)StudyingWHO’sguidelines. B)Increasingitsresearchfunding.
C)Expandingitsmarketoverseas. D)Cuttingitsproductioncosts.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
youransweronAnswerSheet 2.
越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序(apps)保持联
系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物、查找信息，因为手机便于携带。此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便
宜。然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽视了与
家人和朋友面对面的交流。
