文档内容
2018 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You
shouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three
questions.Boththe newsreportandthe questionswillbespoken onlyonce.After you hearaquestion,you mustchoosethe
bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter onAnswer Sheet 1with
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.
B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.
C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.
D)Gatherdatafromthemoonwithatinydevice.
2.A)Itisstable. B)Itisdurable.
C)Itisinexpensive. D)Itissophisticated.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.
B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.
C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.
D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrived.
4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.
B)Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.
C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.
D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming. B)Heavyrelianceonimport.
C)Widespreadplantdisease. D)Insufficientpotatosupply.
6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.
B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.
C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.
D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.
7.A)Globalwarming. B)Ever-risingprices.
C)Governmentregulation. D)Diminishinginvestment.
SectionB
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Informative. B)Inspiring.
C)Dull. D)Shallow.
9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard. B)Shedoesrecording.
C)Shetakesphotos. D)Shetakesnotes.
10.A)Itkeepshermindactive. B)Itmakesherstayawake.
C)Itenableshertothinkhard. D)Ithelpsherkilltime.
11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.
B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.
C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.
D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.
B)TotryauthenticIndianfood.
C)TotakephotosoftheTajMahal.
D)Totracetheoriginofalovestory.
13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.
B)Inhonorofagreatemperor.
C)Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.
D)Tocelebratethebirthofaprincess’s14thchild.
14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.
B)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.
C)Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.
D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.
15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.
B)Theyaremostlycrowded.
C)Eachonehasauniquecharacter.
D)Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill
hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly
once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.
B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople’sleisurelife.
C)Theyprovideresidentswiththeresourcesneeded.
D)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.
17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.
B)Byinspiringtheircreativity.
C)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.
D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.
18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.
B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.
C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.D)Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.
B)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.
C)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.
D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.
20.A)Theyareasloyalasdogs.
B)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.
C)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.
D)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.
21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.
B)Theyteachthemtodive.
C)Theyshowerwiththem.
D)Theyshoutatthem.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Anxiousanddepressed.
B)Contentedandrelieved.
C)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.
D)Proudbutabitnervous.
23.A)Itisbecomingparents’biggestconcern.
B)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.
C)Itisdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.
D)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.
24.A)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.
B)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.
C)Helpthemtolearnbythemselves.
D)Choosetherightschoolforthem.
25.A)Theirintelligence.
B)Theirhomelife.
C)Theefforttheyputinlearning.
D)Thequalityoftheirschool.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40minutes )
SectionA
Directions:In this section,there is apassagewith tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom alist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyin
welfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.
Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.
Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheatingand
cooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhave
grownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.
DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftherisk
factorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31,”hesaid.
Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly1%of
GDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33experiencedangerouslevels
ofoutdoorairpollution.
Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelated
illnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)35havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumber
reachestensofthousands.
A)ability K)regularly
B)associated L)relates
C)consciously M)sources
D)constant N)undermine
E)control O)vehicles
F)damage
G)described
H)equals
I)exclusively
J)innovated
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress
[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,
wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthe
cerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.
“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittle
cheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthe
nightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”
[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllen
DiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorsto
thegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearound
withquestions.
[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestsshe
switchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtof
howlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“In
America,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-based
food.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniand
cheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.
[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeen
aroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,
ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘Shop
withyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestion
peoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfood
choices,”Nadeausays.
[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutions
acrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcare
organization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneral
Hospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.
Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowto
cookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’s
medicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therole
foodplaysintheirlives.”
[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresident
physiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasingly
showthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthat
everyillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedata
andaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shigh
ratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheart
diseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsand
vegetables.
[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm(范式)ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyand
preventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyis
designedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.Themedical
centerandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnabout
whichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.
[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdepending
onpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtoprepare
them,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthat
patient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemost
powerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”
[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation(炎症),forexample,ormakethebody
inhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyfor
peoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.
[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesame
wayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscan
haveabiggervoiceinit.”
36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.
37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.
39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.
40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.
41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.
42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.
43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.
44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.
45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundreds
ofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.New
researchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwells
couldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted(抽取).
TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers(地下蓄水层)belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwas
previouslythought.
Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasit
becomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,which
meansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthis
deepinthegradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbythe
weightoftheearthabove.
Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脱盐)theoceanwaterinthe
largelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.
Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswerto
theirseverewatershortage.
Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.This
meansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromthe
exhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreserves
nowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.
46.HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?
A)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.
B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.
C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.
D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.
47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?
A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.
C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.
D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.
48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?
A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamagetoaquifers.
B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.
49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?
A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.
B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.
C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.
D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.
50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?
A)People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.
B)People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.
C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.
D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.
Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair?
OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecan
programamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthan
humandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoid
hittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturnto
avoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?
Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicsto
amachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.
AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,was
designedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshe
received.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylor
racistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.
AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.Itisonething
touseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.The
unpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothesurfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.
EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichownAlphoGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaid
peoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand“just
betterhumanbeings.”51.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo’svictory?
A)Computerswillprevailoverhumanbeings.
B)Computershaveunmatchedpotential.
C)Computersareman’spotentialrivals.
D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.
52.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically?
A)Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.
B)Theyweighthegainsandlossesbeforereachingadecision.
C)Theymakesensibledecisionswhenfacingmoraldilemmas.
D)Theysacrificeeverythingtosavehumanlives.
53.WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?
A)Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.
B)Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.
C)HowtopreventAImachinesdoingharmtohumans.
D)Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.
54.WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft’s“chatbot”Taylor?
A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.
B)Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.
C)Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.
D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.
55.WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence?
A)Itwillbefarsuperiortohumanbeings.
B)Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.
C)Itwillprovetobeanassettohumanbeings.
D)Itwillbeheretostaywhatevertheoutcome.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
youransweronAnswerSheet 2.
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他
形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人
仍喜欢读纸质书。
