文档内容
Key to CET-4 Model Test Three
Part Ⅰ Writing
【写作思路】
这是一篇谚语类作文，要求考生围绕谚语“Persistent people begin their success where
others end in failure.” 坚持不懈的人在别人以失败告终的地方开始他们的成功，来阐述坚持
的重要性。此类作文一般为三段式，即，第一段提出所要评述的谚语。第二段具体分析为什
么坚持很重要。第三段总结全文，指出坚持的意义。
【参考范文】
As the saying goes, “Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.” It
indicates that perseverance is surely one of the most important traits one needs to possess to
become successful in personal relationships, social situations and business endeavors.
In fact, millions of people never seem to achieve success in various goals they set up for
themselves. It is not because they are not capable or inferior but they lack the spirit of
perseverance. Perseverance is the ability and drive to start and continue steadfastly on the path
towards any goal you set. Frequently this factor alone is the difference between failure and success.
Perseverance is also a personal value, because it shapes and strengthens your character which
allows you to keep your focus on your goal. Thus, nothing fundamentally good comes without
hard work and determination.
In my opinion, no matter how grand and how hard your goals are, you should always strive to
meet them, for only through fearless and unremitting efforts can they truly make your ways to
success.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
News Report One
听力原文
(1) Rescue crews pulled a man to safety after a collapse at a construction site in Brooklyn on
Tuesday. The incident happened on the 400 block of Rutland Road just after 12:30 p.m. The Fire
Department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially
collapsed. A man described as a “non-worker civilian” was buried up to his waist in the basement.
(2) The man was collecting building materials when the first floor collapsed underneath him.
He was trapped under a beam about 10 feet below the surface for nearly an hour and a half. The
man was then taken to hospital. Officials said he is in stable condition with non-life threatening
injuries. The building was reportedly purchased by a neighboring church in 2011. It was the site of
a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.
1. What happened at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday?
（周二在布鲁克林的一个建筑工地发生了什么？）
答案：A
解析：主旨题。根据录音开头可知，周二，布鲁克林一建筑工地发生坍塌事故，救援人员将
1一名男子救出。由此可知A选项中的collapse和a man was pulled to safety为原词复现，
construction site与building 属于同义替换，故正确答案为A。B选项中提到的 10英尺横梁
是将男子困在水下，而非倒塌在地上。C选项指的是救援人员去营救被困男子，而非救援人
员被困。D选项中，火灾发生在2006年，而周二发生的是坍塌事故。
2. What does the report say about the “non-worker civilian”?
（这份报告对“非工薪族平民”是如何评论的?）
答案：C
解析：细节题。根据录音中提到 “non-worker civilian”的部分，可知这名男子正在收集建筑
材料，这时他脚下的第一层坍塌了。由此可知C选项中的was collecting building materials
为原词复现，故正确答案为C。其余三项在原文并无依据。
News Report Two
听力原文
Millions of people are struggling to understand their paychecks or calculate money in shops,
campaigners have said. Being bad at maths should no longer be seen as a “badge of honor” or
down to genetics, (3) according to National Numeracy, a new organization which aims to
challenge the nation’s negative view of the subject. Chris Humphries, chairman of the group, said
that poor maths skills can affect an individual’s life, leaving them at a higher risk of being
excluded from school or out of work. “Figures from a government survey, published last year,
show that 17 million adults in England have basic maths skills that are, at best, the same as an
11-year-old,” he said. Speaking at the lounge of National Numeracy, Mr. Humphries said, “That’s
a scary figure, because what it means is they often can’t calculate or give change.” Mike Ellicock,
chief executive of National Numeracy, said, “We want to challenge this ‘I can’t do maths’ attitude
that is prevalent in the UK,” (4) adding that it was vital that all primary school teachers understand
key maths concepts; as young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on.
3. What does the organization National Numeracy aim to do?
（英国国家数学能力中心的目标是什么?）
答案：B
解析：主旨题。录音开头部分提到National Numeracy的目标是挑战国民对数学负面看法，
由此可知B选项中的negative view为原词复现，British people和the nation以及maths和the
subject都属于同义替换，故正确答案为B。其它三项均不是该组织的目标。
4. What is vital according to the chief executive of National Numeracy?
（根据英国国家数学能力中心的行政长官的说法，什么是至关重要的?）
答案：D
解析：细节题。录音结尾部分提到the chief executive of National Numeracy发表的看法：“我
们想挑战英国普遍存在的‘我不会数学’态度。”他补充说，所有小学老师都要理解关键的
数学概念，这一点至关重要，因为没有掌握基础知识的儿童以后会受到影响。由此可知D
选项中的primary school teachers understand maths concepts为原词复现，basic和key属于同
义替换，故正确答案为D。其它三项均不是行政长官认为重要的事。
News Report Three
2听力原文
(5) The Dutch king has revealed that for more than two decades, he has held down a
part-time second job alongside his royal duties. King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands said
that he recently ended his role as a regular “guest pilot” after 21 years with the national airline’s
fleet of now-outdated aircraft. As a guest flier, the king worked about twice a month, always as
co-pilot. He will now retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s as the old planes are being phased out
of service. The 50-year-old father of three and king to 17 million Dutch citizens calls flying a
“hobby.” (6) It lets him leave his royal duties on the ground and fully focus on something else.
“You have an aircraft, passengers and crew. You have responsibility for them,” the king said. “You
can’t take your problems from the ground into the skies. (6) You can completely change focus and
concentrate on something else. That, for me, is the most relaxing part of flying.”
Willem-Alexander said (7) he is rarely recognized by passengers. Very few people pay attention to
him as he walks through the airport in his airline uniform and cap.
5. What does the report say about the Dutch king?
（关于荷兰国王，报告是怎么说的?）
答案：D
解析：细节题。根据录音开头可知，荷兰国王透露，在过去20多年里，他除了履行皇室职
责外，还从事着兼职工作。由此可知D选项中的 a part-time job为原词复现， more than two
decades和for over 20 years属于同义替换，故正确答案为D。B选项“他正在学习当飞行员”，
录音第二句提到“他最近结束了自己作为一名普通客座飞行员的角色”，可见他已经是一名
客座飞行员。其余两项原文未提及。
6. Why does the king say he likes flying?
（为什么国王说他喜欢飞行?）
答案：B
解析：原因题。录音中提到，国王称飞行是一种“爱好”，飞行让他把皇室的职责留在地面
上，完全专注于其他事情……对他来说，这是飞行中最放松的部分。由此可知 B 选项中的
change his focus of attention and relax与原文属于同义替换，故正确答案为B。D选项“与他
的人民有更密切的接触”，与录音最后提到的“他很少被乘客认出来”，表达的意思不符。
其余两项也不属于国王喜欢飞行的原因。
7. What does the king say about passengers at the airport?
（关于飞机上的乘客国王说了什么？）
答案：C
解析：细节题。录音最后提到，乘客很少能认出他来。由此可知C选项中的rarely recognized
为原词复现，故正确答案为C。其余三个选项均属于依据常识进行的过度推断。
Section B
Conversation One
听力原文
M: Morning, Miss Semenov. Welcome to our studio.
W: Thanks. My pleasure.
M: OK, then. Let me start by asking you how old your company is.
3W: My grandparents started the company in 1955.
M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?
W: (8) At that time there was a construction boom. There was a great need for furniture and my
grandparents saw a business opportunity. (9) Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable
wooden furniture. And this goal has never changed.
M: Do you still only work with wood?
W: That’s right. It’s what we know and what we do best. If we started trying different materials,
our quality would probably suffer.
M: And all the wood is local?
W: Correct. (10) A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.
M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time? What have been the main
challenges and opportunities that you have faced?
W: Well, back in the ’50s and ’60s, Romania was a lot poorer than it is today. My grandfather and
father did not have much capital, and our customers didn’t have much money either. So that
limited growth. (11) The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union.
Suddenly, our market exploded in size and we could now sell our products all across the continent.
There was also more financial investment. And, as a result, we went from having 20 employees to
200.
M: Which countries are your biggest market?
W: Besides Romania, our biggest market is Germany. There is strong demand there for our
traditional style of furniture.
8. Why did Semenov’s grandparents start a furniture plant in Bucharest?
（为什么谢苗诺夫的祖父母要在布加勒斯特开一家家具厂?）
答案：D
解析：原因题。录音中女士提到，当时有一个建筑热潮，非常需要家具，她的祖父母看到了
一个商机。由此可知D选项中的a business opportunity为原词复现，故正确答案为D。其余
三项均不属于谢苗诺夫的祖父母要开一家家具厂的原因。
9. What was Semenov’s grandfather trying to do?
（谢苗诺夫的祖父想做什么?）
答案：A
解析：细节题。录音中女士提到，他们的目标是提供高质量但价格合理的木制家具。这一目
标从未改变。由此可知A选项中的provide quality furniture at affordable prices与原文属于同
义替换，故正确答案为A。录音中间部分提到“除了罗马尼亚，德国是家具销售的最大市场”，
而非在德国开分公司。其余两项是罗马尼亚假如欧盟以后带来的巨大好处，而非祖父想做的
事。
10. What does Semenov say about her company’s raw materials?
（谢苗诺夫对公司的原材料有何评论？）
答案：C
解析：细节题。录音中女士提到，他们的原材料百分之百来自罗马尼亚。由此可知C选项
中的come from Romania为原词复现，all和a hundred percent of属于同义替换，故正确答案
为C。其余三项均与录音提到的信息不符。
411. Where does Semenov’s company sell their products?
（谢苗诺夫的公司在哪里销售他们的产品？）
答案：A
解析：细节题。录音后半部分提到，最大的变化发生在2007年，当时罗马尼亚加入了欧盟，
市场规模突然激增，现在他们可以在整个欧洲大陆销售他们的产品。由此可知A选项中的
all across Europe和all across the continent属于同义替换，故正确答案为A。其余选项的描述
均不准确。
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (12) Have you heard about the new restaurant, the Pearl? Susan and I are going to try it out this
weekend. We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o’clock. I can call to add two more to the table if
you’d like.
W: That sounds great. We’d love to join you. You always seem to know the best places to go.
Where do you hear about these things?
M: (13) I have a habit of reading (614) Magazine. It has all the information on local events within
the (614) column code area.
W: That was a clever name for the magazine then. Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?
M: They have other information too. Things like concerts, festivals and small shops. I think the
restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting though. Each year they also sponsor a
local event called Restaurant Week.
W: Restaurant Week? What’s that?
M: Oh, it’s wonderful. (14) All the stylish restaurants participate. They have special set menus for
the week, usually in spring, at a number of different price points. (14) Susan and I go to at least
three different places during the event. It’s a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive
restaurants at a discounted price and try something new. That’s how we found the Pearl, actually.
W: Wow: that’s an event I would be interested in. When will it be happening this year?
M: (15) You are in luck. Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May. Let’s
make sure they set a double date during the event. Just let me know what type of food you would
like to try.
W: Okay, I will.
12. What does the man invite the woman to do this weekend?
（这个周末男人邀请女人做什么？）
答案：B
解析：细节题。录音首段就提到，男士和苏珊这个周末要去试试新开的餐厅，并且已经预订
了星期六7点钟的房间。如果女士愿意的话，男士可以联系餐厅再加两个座位。由此可知B
选项中的try out和a new restaurant均为原词复现，故正确答案为B。C选项中的pearl，指
的是餐厅的名字而非男士给苏珊选珍珠。其余两项原文并未提及。
13. What does the man say about (614) Magazine?
（关于《（614）杂志》男士说了什么？）
答案：D
5解析：细节题。录音对话第二回合，男士提到他习惯阅读《（614）杂志》，那上面有关于
(614)列代码区域当地活动的所有信息。由此可知D选项中的information on local events为原
词复现，故正确答案为D。A选项“它是由当地餐厅赞助的”，录音提到该杂志每年赞助当
地一个名为“美食周”的活动，而非餐厅赞助杂志，B选项“它专门做食品广告”，录音提
到该杂志也提供其他的信息，比如音乐会、节日和小商店等，C选项原文未提及。
14. What does the man usually do with Susan during Restaurant Week?
（男士在餐厅周通常和苏珊做什么?）
答案：C
解析：细节题。录音对话第四回合，男士提到，所有时髦的餐厅都会参与餐厅周活动，在活
动期间，他和苏珊至少去了三个不同的地方。这是一个很好的机会，以折扣价格尝试一些更
贵的餐厅和一些新的东西。由此可知C选项中的go to eat at different stylish restaurants是对
录音原文的恰当概括，故正确答案为C。其余三项均利用个别单词拼凑而成。
15. Why does the man say the woman is in luck?
（为什么男士说女士很幸运？）
答案：B
解析：细节题。录音结尾处提到，男士认为女士很幸运，因为再过几天，也就是五月的第一
个星期天，美食周就要开始了。由此可知B选项中的Restaurant Week will start soon与原文
中的Restaurant Week starts in just a few days属于同义替换，故正确答案为B。其余三项都是
依据常识进行的主观推断，原文并未提及。
Section C
Passage One
听力原文
All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer
rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that
youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. (16)
The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give
them repeated exposure to it. Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children.
They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages.
(17) The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The
children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After 8
minutes, they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious,” “just OK” or “disgusting.” The trial went
on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after eight weeks. (18) Children were split
into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further
encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. After the trial,
81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68%
for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.
16. What is the best way to get children to eat vegetables according to a recent study?
（根据最近的一项研究，让孩子吃蔬菜的最好方法是什么?）
答案： B
解析：观点题。录音开篇先介绍父母为了让孩子吃蔬菜，他们常用的做法，然后提到研究发
6现，让孩子们吃他们不喜欢的食物的最好方法就是让他们反复接触这些食物。由此可知 B
选项中的exposing them to vegetables repeatedly与原文give them repeated exposure to it属于
同义替换，故正确答案为B。其余三项均不属于原文提到的the best way。
17. What did the researchers find about carrots?
（关于胡萝卜，研究人员发现了什么?）
答案：A
解析：细节题。关于胡萝卜，录音中间部分提到，口味测试显示，胡萝卜是年轻人最不喜欢
的蔬菜。由此可知A选项中的disliked most by children与原文the least-liked vegetable among
youngsters属于同义替换，故正确答案为A。C选项“他们在比利时人的健康中使用最少”，
而录音中提到的是比利时根特大学的心理学家对98名儿童进行研究，其余两个选项都是依
据常识进行的主观推断，原文并未提及。
18. What does the result of this research show?
（这项研究的结果说明了什么?）
答案：B
解析：推断题。录音最后提到，比利时根特大学的心理学家将孩子们分为三组进行试验：一
组孩子被多次要求吃胡萝卜，且没有任何鼓励；一组孩子在吃了胡萝卜之后会得到一个玩具；
另一组孩子在吃了胡萝卜之后会得到口头表扬。试验之后，没有奖励的组里，81％的孩子最
后开始喜欢吃胡萝卜；有玩具奖励的组里，68％的孩子最后喜欢吃胡萝卜；而有口头表扬的
组里，75％的孩子表示喜欢吃胡萝卜。由此可以推断出，孩子的饮食习惯是可以改变的，故
正确答案为B。
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) One thing about the moon many people don’t know is that it has a lot of garbage on its
surface, leftover from human space exploration. But how much garbage exactly have humans left
on the moon? It’s hard to be accurate, but the trash likely weighs more than 181,000 kilograms on
Earth. Much of it was left by American astronauts who landed on the lunar surface between 1969
and 1972 during NASA’s Apollo missions. The other rubbish comes from missions that did not
have human crews. These missions were conducted by various space exploring agencies,
including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India, and Europe. Many of the older pieces are
equipment sent to learn about the moon. The equipment stayed there after its missions ended. The
moon is also home to lunar orbiters that mapped the moon before they crashed into its surface,
adding to the garbage heap. The objects left by the Apollo astronauts included equipment that was
no longer needed. (20) Bringing back unneeded equipment would have used up precious resources
such as fuel. But, as the saying goes, “One person’s trash is another’s treasure.” (21) Researchers
can study the garbage left on the moon to see how its materials weathered the radiation and
vacuum of space over time. Moreover, some of the objects on the moon are still being used,
including a laser-range reflector left by the Apollo 11 crew.
19. What does the passage say may be unknown to many people?
（这篇文章所说的什么可能是许多人不知道的?）
答案：D
7解析：主旨题。录音开篇就提到，关于月球，有一件事是许多人不知道的，那就是月球表面
有许多人类太空探索留下的垃圾。由此可知D选项中的A lot of garbage has been left on the
moon和原文it has a lot of garbage on its surface, leftover from human space exploration属于同
义替换，故正确答案为D。其余三项均不属于许多人不知道的关于月球的事。
20. Why has a lot of equipment been left on the moon?
（为什么有那么多设备留在月球上?）
答案：A
解析：细节题。录音后半部分提到，带回不需要的设备会消耗燃料等宝贵资源。由此可知D
选项中的bring back为原词复现，costly和used up precious resources属于同义替换，故正确
答案为A。D选项“它被辐射损坏了”，录音中提到研究人员可以研究留在月球上的垃圾，
以了解其物质是如何随着时间的推移经受住空间的辐射和真空的，而非设备被辐射损坏了，
其余两项是依据常识进行的主观推断，原文并未提及。
21. What could researchers do with the garbage on the moon?
（研究人员可以如何处理月球上的垃圾?）
答案：C
解析：细节题。细节题。录音后半部分提到，研究人员可以研究留在月球上的垃圾，以了解
其物质是如何随着时间的推移经受住空间的辐射和真空的。由此可知C选项中的the
radiation and vacuum为原词复现，故正确答案为C。其余三项是依据常识进行的主观推断，
并非研究人员处理月球上垃圾的可行方式。
Passage Three
听力原文
In my line of work, I receive a lot of emails. I also send a lot of emails. (22) Though social
media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from email as a form of
communication, email is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the
future. Surprisingly, though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for
emailing. As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my
own rules for emailing. If someone sends you an email, reply to them acknowledging the email. A
simple “thank you” let the sender know that their email has arrived safely, that it has not been lost
among what could be 50 other emails that have arrived in your email inbox that day. (24) It’s not
necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients. These emails are often informative
rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action. (23) But it’s common
politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it. It’s also
important to use proper English. Just because emails are a quick form of communication, doesn’t
mean emails, especially business emails, should be written using informal shortened forms of
words. Think of an email as a letter. Spelling, grammar and punctuation should not be overlooked.
(25) And never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an email. It’s the same as yelling.
22. What does the passage say about email?
（关于电子邮件这篇文章说了什么？）
答案：A
解析：观点题。录音开头的 though 是关键词，表示转折，对比关系，虽然社交媒体和即时
8通讯应用已经取代了电子邮件作为沟通方式的一些角色，但电子邮件很可能在未来仍将在商
业沟通中扮演重要角色。由此可知A选项中的remain a means of business communication和
原文retain an important role for business communication属于同义替换，故正确答案为A。C
选项“它将逐渐被社交媒体所取代”，与原文表达的意思相反，其余两项均为细节信息拼凑
而来。
23. What should one do upon receiving a personalized email?
（收到一封私人邮件后应该做些什么？）
答案：B
解析：细节题。录音后半部分出现的but是关键词，表示转折，对比关系，但回复私人邮件
是一种常见的礼貌行为，最好是在收到邮件后24小时内回复。由此可知B选项中的Make a
timely response和原文preferably within 24 hours of receiving it属于同义替换。故正确答案为
B。其余三项是依据常识进行的主观推断。
24. What does the passage say about a mass email?
（关于群发电子邮件，文章说了什么？）
答案：C
解析：细节题。录音后半部分提到，没有必要回复群发电子邮件，这些电子邮件通常信息丰
富，而不是需要回复或采取行动的私人信件。由此可知C选项中requires no reply和原文not
necessary to reply属于同义替换，故正确答案为C。其余三项原文均未提及。
25. What should one do when writing a business email?
（写商务邮件时应该怎么做？）
答案：D
解析：细节题。录音最后提到，不要用大写字母来强调一个或多个单词。这和大喊大叫是一
样的。由此可知D选项中avoid using capitals for emphasis和原文never use capitals to
emphasize属于同义替换，故正确答案为D。C选项“采用非正式的写作风格”，录音最后
提到电子邮件是一种快速的交流方式，但这并不意味着电子邮件，尤其是商务邮件，应该使
用非正式的缩写形式。把电子邮件看作是一封信。拼写、语法和标点符号都不容忽视。所以
应该采用正式的写作风格，其余两项原文均未提及。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
26. N）return，名词辨析题。此处需要一个名词，和前后的介词共同构成一个固定搭配。句
意：首先，他或她能够把版权转让给另外一方，可能是以一定数目的版税_______。in return
for表示“作为回报，作为交换”，符合题意。
27. J）assigning，动名词辨析题。固定用法be known as后面需要使用名词或动名词。此处
因为空白处后面还有名词，所以这里缺少一个动名词。句意：这就是众人皆知的版权_______。
assignment of copyright表示“版权转让”，这里使用的是转换的动词短语。
28. O）exploit，动词辨析题。空白处前面的情态动词限定了此处应该用动词原形。句意：新
的所有者可以像_______所有者一样_______版权。exploit表示利用，运用，相当于use（使
9用）。
29. G）original，形容词辨析题。空白处前是定冠词the，后面是名词author，这里应该使用
一个形容词，用来修饰名词 author，用来指代版权的原所有者。句意：新的所有者可以像
_______作者一样利用版权。与new owner形成对比的就是original author，表示原所有者。
30. B）Alternatively，副词辨析题。空白处位于句首，需要大写字母开头的单词，且副词才
可以修饰后面的整句话。句意：_______，作者可以获准一个或更多的复制作品的许可。
Alternatively表示二者择其一地，作为选择，Formally表示正式地，根据原文含义，Alternatively
符合题意。
31. C）permission，名词辨析题。空白处前面是冠词a和形容词written，用来修饰名词，句
意：许可主要是以书面形式出现的_______准许某人合法地做某事。这句话是对a license的
定义，依据常识推断，permission表示同意，符合题意。
32. I）recipient，名词辨析题。空白处后面的谓语动词是carry out，由此可以推断此处应该
是表示“人”的名词。句意：独占许可指的是只有许可的_______可以实施某些限制条款。
author指的是“作者”，和后面括号内的the owner是重复的概念，所以排除，recipient表示
接受者，符合题意。
33. F）grant，动词辨析题。空白处前面是情态动词might，后面是一个名词词组an exclusive
license，所以这里需要一个及物动词的原形。句意：例如，作者可以_______独占许可来发
行他或她写的一本书。grant表示授予，允许，符合题意。
34. L）similar，形容词辨析题。空白处后面是名词rights，所以这里需要一个形容词来修饰
名词。句意：非独占许可并不会阻止版权所有者将_______权利授予其他人。从上文对独占
许可的解释可以看出这句话是在强调两种许可的主要区别，similar表示类似的，符合题意。
35. E）complex，形容词辨析题。become作为系动词使用，后面缺少一个形容词作表语。句
意：原则上，版权转让和许可可能变得相当_______，因为不可能仅转让或许可版权中存在
的部分权利。complex表示复杂的，用来修饰程序更合适，符合题意。
Section B
36. A）同义替换题。由题干中的concrete evidence，find the origins of Theatre，定位到A段
第一句In seeking to describe the origins of Theatre, one must rely primarily on speculation, since
there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. 都表达了“必须主要依靠思考，才能找到戏
剧的起源”的含义，其中primarily和mainly，speculation和thinking，seek和find都属于同
义替换。
37. I）原文匹配题。由题干中的performances of plays and musicals，定位到I段的第一句Theatre
today includes performances of plays and musicals. 都表达了“现代的戏剧包括戏剧和音乐剧
的表演”的含义，其中定语从句中的which指代的就是theatre。
38. B）原文匹配题。由题干中的rituals，myths，grow up，定位到B段的第一句Stories (myths)
10may then grow up around a ritual. 都表达了“神话从这些仪式中成长和发展”的含义。
39. H）原文匹配题。由题干中的technical terminology，classification into genres，themes，stock
characters，plot elements，modern western theatre，定位到H段第一句Modern Western theatre
derives in large measure from ancient Greek drama, from which it borrows technical terminology,
classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. 都解释了
现代西方戏剧的基础元素。
40. C）原文匹配题。由题干中的origin in ritual，by no means the only theory about how the
Theatre came into being，定位到C段第一句Although origin in ritual has long been the most
popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the Theatre came into being. 都表达了“关
于戏剧是如何产生的，仪式的起源绝不是唯一的理论”的含义。
41. G）原文匹配题。由题干中的the Ancient Greek，the word “theatre”，a place for viewing，
定位到G段最后一句The specific place of the performance is also named by the word‘theatre’
as derived from the Ancient Greek word ‘théatron’, ‘a place for viewing’. 都表达了“‘theatre’这
个词的演变”，这里需要对大写字母进行定位，同时，要区分theatre的两种含义。
42. D）原文匹配题。由题干中的 admiration，the performer’s skill, virtuosity, and grace，
motivation for elaborating the activities，定位到D段最后一句Admiration for the performer’s
skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized
theatrical performances. 都表达了“精心设计这些活动的动机，是对表演者的技巧、精湛技
艺和优雅的赞赏”的含义，这里需要把短语放在一起当做检索词。
43. F）句式转换题。由题干中的the human imitative instinct，a penchant for fantasy，定位到
F段第一句But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an
autonomous Theatre. 都表达了“单独的模仿本能或是幻想偏好都无法发展成真正独立的戏
剧”的含义，其中neither...nor句型转换成了not only...but also句型，且self-sufficient和itself
leads to an autonomous属于同义替换。
44. E）原文匹配题。由题干中的Aristotle，taking pleasure in imitating persons，定位到E段
第四句One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century BC, sees humans as naturally imitative—
as taking pleasure in imitating persons. 都表达了“亚里士多德认为人类有一种模仿的天性，
可以从模仿中感受乐趣”的含义。
45. F）同义替换题。由题干中的early society，定位到F段最后一句For example, some early
societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them. 都表
达了“有些早期部落因为觉得仪式和所期望的福祉没有必然的联系而逐渐放弃了之前的仪
式”，其中have a close relationship with their expectation和essential to their well-being属于同
义替换。
Section C
Passage One
46. C）主旨题。题干：作者在文章中主要讨论了什么问题？根据题干，需要抓住作者主要
11讨论的问题，文章第二段出现转折连词 but，定位此句 This kind of evaluation is relatively
common in American universities. But U.K. universities have always been much warier about the
idea. 这种评估在美国大学中比较普遍。但英国的大学一直对这个想法持谨慎态度。故C选
项所说的“英国是否需要像美国一样实行上行评价”符合题意。A选项是事实，而非讨论的
问题。选项B和D只是对文中具体细节问题的说明。
47. D）细节题。题干：萨塞克斯大学联盟做了什么？根据题干关键词the union of University
of Sussex可定位第三段，all academic staff should be given the chance to appraise their heads of
school 所有教学人员都应该有机会对他们的管理者进行评估。故 D 选项所说的“他们要求
有权对老板进行评估”符合题意。A选项错误，英国的上行评价在此之前已经存在，选项B
文中未提及，选项C错误，调查并没有通过授权。
48. C）细节题。题干：本文中的“360度反馈”可能指_______。根据题干关键词360 degree
feedback 可定位第五段，...feedback by selected peers, subordinates and seniors—as a
management development tool. 从选定的同事、下属和高层获得反馈——作为管理发展的工
具，故C 选项所说的“管理者预先安排的评估”符合题意。A 和D与原文的意思相反，选
项B对评价方向陈述错误。
49. D）细节题。题干：埃文认为，除了_______以外，学术界感到越来越无力的原因有以下
哪几个。根据题干关键词 academics feel increasingly powerless可定位第六段，该段指出教研
人员感到越来越无力的原因包括 1.通过 Facebook 和其他网站了解学生们对他们的看法，2.
要面对管理者要求降低员工成本的压力，3.出现了从相对的工作保障向更短期合同的转变。
而D选项“学者无权处理大学预算”不包含在其中。
50. A）细节题。题干：尼克·霍利在文章的最后警告了什么？根据题干关键词Nick Holley warn
定位文章最后一段，...says it can be useful for managers to see how others see them, but warns
that this kind of feedback has to be conducted carefully...他说，对管理者来说，了解他人如何看
待自己是很有用的，但他警告说，这种反馈必须谨慎进行。故 A 选项所说“向上评估应该
谨慎进行”符合题意。选项B、C、D文中均未提及。
Passage Two
51. B）推断题。题干：关于由继承人控制的公司，作者说了什么？根据题干关键词companies
controlled by heirs 定位文章第一段，Companies controlled by heirs often underperform
competitors that have professional managers. Except, apparently, in Japan. 由继承者管理的公司
在与职业经理人管理的公司竞争中处于劣势。然而在日本，事情并不是这样。故 B 选项所
说的“在日本，他们的表现优于拥有职业经理人的公司”符合题意。A 和 C 选项是一位企
业大亨的理论，并非作者的意思。选项D文中未提及。
52. A）细节题。题干：日本收养20至30多岁的男性是为了_______。根据题干关键词adopting
men in Japanese 20s and 30s定位文章第四段，The practice of adopting men in their 20s and 30s
is used to rescue biologically ill-fated families and ensure a business heir. 日本收养20至30多岁
的男性是为了改善基因以拯救具有遗传病史的家庭并确立企业继承人。故 A 选项 genetic
improvement和rescue biologically ill-fated families属于同义替换。B选项夸大了收养的作用，
C和D文中未提及。
1253. C）推断题。题干：许多日本家族企业是如何打破衰落规律的？根据题干关键词break the
rule of steady dynastic decline定位文章第三段，The answer, says the paper, is adoption.日本家
族企业打破了一贯的家族企业更迭没落的规律是领养在起作用。涉及领养的选项有A和C，
第四段第二句话说明 90％以上被领养者都是成年人，故C 选项“通过男性收养发展”符合
题意。
54. D）细节题。题干：千惠子专门研究_____。根据题干关键词Chieko Date定位文章第五
段，She is one of several marriage consultants who help match ambitious young men and the
marriageable daughters of business families. 她是一名婚姻咨询顾问，帮助很多有志向的年轻
人和适合结婚的女企业继承人喜结良缘，故 D 选项“匹配雄心勃勃的年轻男性和女性商业
继承人”符合题意。B选项中，她虽然是婚姻咨询顾问，但并非专注于夫妻关系调节。
55. B）细节推断题。题干：是什么让作者感到沮丧？根据题干关键词the author feel frustrated
定位文章末段首句，Frustratingly, the paper’s research stops in 2000. 令作者沮丧的原因是研究
的终止，故B选项“研究在2000年停止”符合题意。选项A、C和D选项的陈述与作者沮
丧没有必然联系。
Part Ⅳ Translation
【翻译思路】
整篇文章6句话，主题明确：重阳节。首句介绍重阳节是传统节日。第二句讲重阳节的
历史。第三句讲重阳节的时间。第四说重阳节的传统庆祝活动。最后提及是老人节，尊敬老
人。重阳节话题，是整篇文章讨论的焦点，所以翻译的时候，每个句子的主语都尽可能用重
阳节作主语，或者用代词替换。
【难点解析】
1. 重阳节是中国的传统节日之一。
·英译逻辑：
英语的基本主干句型框架是：重阳节 是 节日之一。
·参考译文：
Chongyang Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday.
·考点提示：
重阳节，端午节等，可以直接用拼音翻译。除非有时候需要特别解释，比如需要解释重
阳是两个九，端午节是赛龙舟的节日等。
2. 重阳节据说是起源于东汉，距今已有1800多年的历史了。
·英译逻辑：
英语的主干句型框架，几种安排都可以：
端午节起源，可以把“有……年的历史”写成并列句，It originated..., and has/boasts a
history of...；也可以只突出“始于”，把“有……年的历史”写成短语，It originated..., with
a history of...。
·参考译文：
It has a history of more than 1800 years, and is said to have originated from the Eastern Han
13Dynasty.
·考点提示：
“起源于”，“有……年的历史”这些常见词汇的翻译要注意。还有朝代的翻译，东汉、
西汉。
3. 重阳节的时间是农历的九月初九。
·英译逻辑：
英语的主干句型框架：重阳节是在……。
·参考译文：
Chongyang Festival occurs on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.
·考点提示：
四六级翻译中常考“某个节日是在哪一天”，“人们在哪一天庆祝节日”等说法。有很
多动词可以用，fall, occur等，还可以用be celebrated，be held等。
4. 最主要的一个传统就是登高望远，其他活动还有做花糕，吃花糕。
5. 在我们的南方地区把重阳节放风筝当做是主要的习俗。
·英译逻辑：
中文尽管是两个句子，英语应该是一个大逻辑，重阳节的传统是……，其他活动包
括……，（除此之外），南方地区还……当做主要习俗。
·参考译文：
One of the main traditions of the festival is to climb up to a high place and take in the view.
Other activities include making and eating flower cakes. It is also a main custom to fly kites in
South China during this festival.
·考点提示：
最后一个句子的安排：It is also a main custom/tradition...，这样能够好的承接上文。
6. 尽管重阳节不是公共节假日，但我国政府早在1989年就把九九重阳定为老人节，倡导人
们尊敬老人，关爱老人。
·英译逻辑：
英语的主干句型框架：尽管……，但……。
最后一个句子的“把……定位……，倡导……尊敬老师，关爱老人”，中文动词多，用
一个主要档次，其他动词写成非谓语动词。
“把……定位”中文的逻辑含义，其实是“我国政府宣布重阳节作为……”
·参考译文：
Although it is not a public holiday, the Double Ninth was declared by Chinese government as
Seniors’ Day early in 1989 to advocate respect and love for the elderly.
·考点提示：
“九九重阳节”，因为有“九九”，所以用Double Ninth翻译为好。
【参考译文】
Chongyang Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday. It has a history of more than 1800 years,
and is believed to have originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty. Chongyang Festival occurs on
the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. One of the main traditions of the festival is to climb up to a
high place and take in the view. Other activities include making and eating flower cakes. It is also
14a main custom to fly kites in South China during this festival. Although it is not a public holiday,
the Double Ninth was declared by Chinese government as Seniors’ Day early in 1989 to advocate
respect and love for the elderly.
15
