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Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign frl,end who
wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least
120 words but no more th.an 180 words.
Part Il Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
C) There is discrimination against male nurses.
D) The number of male nurses has gone down.
2. A) Cultural bias. C) Educational system.
B) Inadequate pay. D) Working conditions.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat. C) He was almost df��ed.
B) He lost his way on a beach. D) He enjoyed. swi.mmu.lg ·4t :the sea.
4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort. C) The beach is a:gooc! place.to watch the tide.
B) The emergency services are efficient. D) The lifeboats p�ol · the area round the clock.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. ·
5. A) It became an online star. C) It escaped from a local zoo.
B) It broke into an office room. D) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
6. A) Send it back to the zoo. C) Return it to its owner.
B) Release it into the wild. D) Give it a physical checkup.
7. A) A raccoon can perform acts no human can.
B) A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.
C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.
D) The raccoon did something no politician could.
E) If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast
skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues
that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about
nutrition and health. "There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and
possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually
have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she says.
F) A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management
concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting ( J.j_ �) the argument that breakfast
influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations
can be used to help prevent obesity.
G) Researches from the University of SU1Tey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research
looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings
suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect
more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart
disease, a 21 % higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in
women. One reason may be breakfast's nutritional value-partly because cereal is fortified ( �1JU fi
�ffl-ffi) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK,
researchers found that the fibre and rnicronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast
regularly. There have been similar findings -in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use.
A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other
brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel,
says there is "reasonable" evidence breakfast does improve concentration-there just needs to be
more research. " Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a
benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she says. "And no studies found
that eating breakfast was bad for concentration. "
I) What's most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been
found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day,
according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfas�. consumers in the UK and US, a
recent investigation into the sugar content of 'adult' breakfast , c:=ereals found that some cereals
contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of _free sugaIS in each portion,
and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early. One study
recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their
breakfast, and half didn't. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more-however,
the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies fonnd that there is no
consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast
doesn't matter as much as simply eating something.
K) While there's no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus
is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we're hnngry. "Breakfast is most important
for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone says. " Each body starts the day
differently-and those individual differences need to be researched more closely," Spitznagel says.
201s. 12 I s Cffi 2 lU"A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting �egular meals throughout the day is more
important to leave blood sugar. stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger
levels," says Elder. "Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting right."
36.According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.
37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.
38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some
countries.
40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits ratti.er than breakfast itself that induced weight
loss.
41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.
42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.
43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.
44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.
45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people i;nemorise and concentrate.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them � are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.:
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage�
Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry,· up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher
Pearson is the largest publisher-of any kind-in the world.
It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. · A freshman textbook will have dozens of
contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and
classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that
alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection
happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences
where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.
It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or
buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books
which has increased over 1, 000 percent since 1977. A re�cturing of the textbook industry may well be
in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.
While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example,
over the centuries, they have simulated ( ffl ffi ) dialogue$ in a number of ways. From 1800 to the
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present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively ( Ja�
�) . That means students are asked to use their individ� experience to come up with answers to
general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask:"H ow much of your personality do you
think you inherited?" while ones in physics say: "How you predict where the ball you tossed will
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land?"
Experts obseive that "textbooks come in layers, something like an onion. " For an active learner,
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