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2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Your social life is defined as “the activities you do with other people, for pleasure,
when you are not working”. It’s important to have a social life, but what’s right for one
person won’t be right for another. Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with
others, 1 some of us may feel drained, even if it’s doing something we enjoy.
This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key. Spending too much time
on your own, not 3 others, can make you feel lonely and 4 .
Loneliness is known to impact on your mental health and 5 a low mood.
Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be especially true if, 6 , you
are working from home and you are 7 on the usual social conversations
that happen in an office. Other life changes can 8 periods of loneliness too,
such as retirement, changing jobs or becoming a parent.
It’s important to recognise these feelings of loneliness. There are ways to 9
a social life, but it can feel overwhelming 10 . It’s a great idea to start by
thinking about hobbies you enjoy. You can then find groups and activities related to those
where you will be able to meet 11 people. There are groups aimed at new
parents, at those who want to 12 a new sport for the first time, or networking
events for those in the same profession to meet up and 13 ideas.
On the other hand, it’s 14 possible to have too much of a social life. If you
feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any 15 in your
calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social 16 . We all
have our own social limit and it’s important to recognise when you’re feeling like it’s all
too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17
of poor social health. Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you’re
19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 and recover.
第 1 页 共 15 页1.[A]because [B]unless [C] whereas [D] until
2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C] link [D] gap
3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C] judging [D] teaching
4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C] spoiled [D] disconnected
5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C] interfere with [D] go against
6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C] for example [D] on average
7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C] breaking in [D] looking down
8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C] follow [D] interrupt
9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C] provide [D] regain
10.[A]at first [B]in turn [C] on time [D] by chance
11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C] kind-hearted [D] like-minded
12.[A]try [B]promote [C] watch [D] describe
13.[A]test [B]share [C] accept [D] revise
14.[A]already [B]thus [C] also [D] only
15.[A]list [B]order [C] space [D] boundary
16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C] injustice [D] dilemma
17.[A]sources [B]standards [C] signs [D] scores
18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up [D] mark out
19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C] responsible [D] regretful
20.[A]react [B]repeat [C] return [D] rest
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C
or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
第 2 页 共 15 页Text 1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be,
Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy
requires new ways of thinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy
growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the
recent past,” she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig
workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically
sustainable.”
Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require
greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including
health care and construction, says Coyle. But people can’t be expected to embrace the
changes if they’re not seeing the benefits— if they’re just seeing good jobs being
destroyed.
In a recent interview, Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a
roadblock to deploying AI. “We’re talking about disruption,” she says. “These are
transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that
change business models that succeed.” To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds,
you need social buy-in.
Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are
perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that
included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs
by 2019. New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings’s Mark Muro and
Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and
capabilities in the United States.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means
that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster
political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI
technologies needed for regional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech
has on defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research
independent of the tech giants.
A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI
technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that
different parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and
manufacturing.
21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should
第 3 页 共 15 页[A]give rise to innovations.
[B]diversify career choices.
[C]benefit people equally.
[D]be promoted forcefully.
22. According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to
[A]bring about instant prosperity.
[B]reduce people’s workload.
[C]raise overall work efficiency.
[D]enhance cross-sector cooperation.
23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?
[A]They may affect work-life balance.
[B]They may be impractical to deploy.
[C]They may incur huge expenditure.
[D]They may be unwelcome to the public.
24. Several American cities are mentioned to show
[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US.
[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US.
[C]the fast progress of US regional economies.
[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets.
25. With regard to Coyle’s concern, the author suggests
[A]raising funds to start new AI projects.
[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research.
[C]guarding against the side effects of AI.
[D]redefining the role of AI technologies.
第 4 页 共 15 页Text 2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to
produce wood, Confor has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for
urgent action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable
supply of wood for future generations. Currently only 20 per cent of the UK’s wood
requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in
the world.
Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to
grow more trees, the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the
benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies. “Not only are we facing a carbon
crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to
plant trees to produce wood,” said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. “For
decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,
leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global
demand rises and our own supplies fall.”
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a
global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says. While
around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-
grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent. The causes of the UK’s current
position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the
decimation of trees by grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf
of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer-term planting projects.
While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies
and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy, the focus of government support continues
to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for
biodiversity. Goodall added: “While food production and biodiversity health are clearly
of critical importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for
construction, manufacturing and contribute to net zero.”
“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has
been little action on the ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind
those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”
第 5 页 共 15 页26. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the UK needs to
[A]increase its domestic wood supply.
[B]reduce its demand for timber.
[C]lower its wood production costs.
[D]lift its control on timber imports.
27. According to Confdr, the UK government’s fresh incentives
[A]can hardly address a construction crisis.
[B]are believed to come at a wrong time.
[C]seem to be misleading for landowners.
[D]will be too costly to put into practice.
28. The UK’s exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of
[A]the government’s inaction on timber imports.
[B]inadequate investment in growing wood.
[C]the competition among timber traders at home.
[D]wood producers’ motive to maximise profits.
29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?
[A]Excessive timber consumption in construction.
[B]Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.
[C]Outdated technologies of the wood industry.
[D]Farmers’ unwillingness to plant trees.
30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?
[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.
[B]Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.
[C]Provide more support for productive tree planting.
[D]Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.
Text 3
One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is
convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys. “It’s a complete life-changer” when
someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.
“The American Medical Association advises physicians that ‘in situations where
第 6 页 共 15 页clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and
public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is
ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,’” Menke
wrote. “Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,
while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and
penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and
confidentiality,” she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed
piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists,
highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist
Elizabeth Dugan. “There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said.
“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe” and what can help, said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license
renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 per cent reduction in
fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing vision tests
also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared
to be no benefit from combining the two.
Many older drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to. Primary care providers
have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have
trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or
have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals
easily.
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won’t solve the
problems of crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers
would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety,
said Dugan. “If we’re going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can
drive comfortably.
31. According to Paragraph 1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road
[A]is a new safety measure.
[B]has become a disputed issue.
[C]can be a tough task to complete.
[D]will be beneficial to their health.
32. The American Medical Association’s advice
第 7 页 共 15 页[A]has won support from drivers.
[B]is generally considered unrealistic.
[C]is widely dismissed as unnecessary.
[D]has met with different responses.
33. According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe
[A]have brought about big changes.
[B]need to be well coordinated.
[C]have gained public recognition.
[D]call for relevant legal support.
34. Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to.
[A]stick with bad driving habits.
[B]have a weakened memory.
[C]suffer from chronic pains.
[D]neglect car maintenance.
35. Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in
[A]upgrading self-driving vehicles.
[B]developing senior-friendly cars.
[C]renovating transport facilities.
[D]adjusting the age limit for drivers.
Text 4
If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to
your health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a
connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this
technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from
the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000
health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal
information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy
law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused
on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health
records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are
collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
第 8 页 共 15 页Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially
monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or
anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation.
The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took
control of users’ sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and
the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’
express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct
the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against
unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company’s
privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is
doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the
handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are
hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive
federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun
implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health
data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California
Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed
state consumer data privacy legislation.
第 9 页 共 15 页36. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show
[A]the prevalence of health apps.
[B]the public concern over health.
[C]the popularity of smartphones.
[D]the advancement of technology.
37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.
[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.
[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.
[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.
38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to
[A]seek the approval of the FTC.
[B]find qualified third parties.
[C]remove irrelevant personal data.
[D]obtain their explicit permission.
39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
[A]The complexity of health information.
[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.
[C]The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection
[A]has been embraced by health app developers.
[B]has been a focus of federal policy-making.
[C]has encountered opposition in California.
[D]has gained legislative support in some states.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column
to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices
in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
第 10 页 共 15 页How Colleges Weigh Applicants’ Extracurricular Activities
High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often
participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of
admission to a selective undergraduate institution.
However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful’s
extracurricular activities matters more than the number of activities he or she participates in.
Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the Charles E. Smith Jewish Day
School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out the Common Application to list 10
activities in the application.
“No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that
they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time,” Rexford
wrote in an email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular
activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an
uncommon activity.
“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so
if they’re going to do a popular activity, I’d say, be the best at it,” says Sara Harberson, a
college admissions consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on
independently often impress colleges, experts say.
“For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skill
and potential by starting a profitable small business,” Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen
Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.
Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidance counselor, says
unconventional extracurricular activities can help students impress college admissions
offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment. “Again, since one of the big
questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?,’ having an
uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage,” he wrote in
an email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in
the college admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.
“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a
第 11 页 共 15 页positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where
having top grades and test scores is not enough,” Katie Kelley, admissions counselor at
IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email. “Students need to have that quality
or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the
student might come and enrich their campus community.”
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college
application are beneficial, experts suggest. “If you already know your major, having an
extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,” says Mayghin Levine, the
manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a
Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.
High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community
through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says
Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school
who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a
nonprofit organization.
[A]Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity
will be favored by top-tier institutions.
41. Sue Rexford
[B]Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their
community are likely to win a scholarship.
42. Sara Harberson
[C]Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be
seen as a plus by colleges.
43. Katie Kelley
[D]A student who exhibits abilities in doing business can impress
colleges.
44. Mayghin Levine
[E]High school students participating in a popular activity should
excel in it.
45. Erica Gwyn
[F]Engaging in uncommon activities can demonstrate students’
determination and dedication.
[G]It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular
activity that is related to their future study at college.
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
第 12 页 共 15 页Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with
colourful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’
markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people
responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up
fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.
Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor
stalls, which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size
or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area’s
agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times
of the year. By cutting out the middleman, the farmers secure more profit for their
produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where—and to who—their money is
going.
第 13 页 共 15 页Section III Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an
ancient town. Write him an email to
1) put forward your plan, and
2) ask for his opinion.
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in your email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should
1) describe and interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
某高校劳动实践课学生主要收获调查
第 14 页 共 15 页
