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九年级期末题型突破 14 阅读理解（D 篇）
阅读单选（D篇）
一
Tom Avery is one of the only 41 people ever to have reached both the South and North
Poles. He was born in December 1975 and brought up in England, Brazil and France. His
passion (强烈爱好) for adventure began when he was just seven years old and first read
about the expeditions (探险) of famous explorers. Perhaps this was the start of his plan to put
together the ultimate (终极的) journey — to the very top of the world, the North Pole,
following the route taken by Robert Peary in his 1909 adventure.
Both Peary and Avery set off from Cape Columbia in Canada. Peary had a larger team
and in fact had four support groups. Every 160 kilometers, a group would leave plenty of
food and then turn back. The team therefore got smaller the further north they travelled.
While Avery didn’t have as many on his team, they did have food dropped by plane for them
at four locations.
Avery’s team also had the obvious benefit of modern technology, but Avery doesn’t
believe this made a big difference. He credits (把……归功于) his team’s success to the 16
Inuit dogs that pull the sledges (雪橇). “It wouldn’t have been possible without them,” he
said. “Your speed depends on the dogs and how quickly you can get a sledge through the ice.”
His team were travelling at the end of winter and this meant that the ice was thinner and could
easily break under a person’s weight. This was an added danger.
Another difference between both men’s journeys was that Peary was far more
experienced than Avery and had already been on several trips to the Arctic.
Peary claimed (声称) to have reached the North Pole in 39 days, but some historians
argue that this was not possible. Avery’s team actually beat this time and became the fastest to
get there on foot. Avery says, “We told everyone we could do it and that we wouldn’t fail. But
it certainly wasn’t easy.”1．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To explain why Avery and Peary travelled to the North Pole.
B．To compare Avery and Peary’s personalities.
C．To describe ways of reaching the North Pole.
D．To describe two difficult journeys to the North Pole.
2．How did Peary’s North Pole expedition differ from Avery’s?
A．Peary’s team was smaller than Avery’s. B．Avery’s team was offered food by air.
C．Avery started from a different place. D．Peary took a very different route.
3．Avery believed that having modern technology ___________.
A．slowed his team down B．improved the safety for the team
C．wasn’t of great importance D．helped his team to travel faster
4．How did Avery feel about the Inuit dogs?
A．He was very thankful to them. B．He would take more dogs next time.
C．He was surprised at the speed of the dogs. D．He thought they were well-trained.
5．What is the best title for the text?
A．Great Danger in the Arctic! B．Record-breaking Journey to the North
Pole
C．How to Lead a Successful Team D．Finding a New Route to the Arctic
【答案】
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．A
5．B
【分析】
本文介绍了汤姆·艾弗里沿着罗伯特·皮尔在1909年的冒险中所走的路线，踏上世界
最高峰——北极。介绍了艾弗里和皮尔的共同点和不同之处。
1．
主旨题。本文介绍了艾弗里和皮尔北极之旅。可知本文的目的是描述两次前往北极的
艰难旅程。故选D。
2．
细节题。根据第2段第1句可知“Both Peary and Avery set off from Cape Columbia in
Canada.”可知Ｃ错误。根据第1段最后一句“Perhaps this was the start of his plan to puttogether the ultimate (终极的) journey — to the very top of the world, the North Pole,
following the route taken by Robert Peary in his 1909 adventure.”可知D错误。根据第2
段最后一句“While Avery didn’t have as many on his team, they did have food dropped by
plane for them at four locations.”可知艾弗里的团队比皮尔里的小，艾弗里的团队由飞
机提供食物。可知A错误，B正确。
3．
细节题。根据第3段第1句“Avery’s team also had the obvious benefit of modern
technology, but Avery doesn’t believe this made a big difference.”可知艾弗里认为拥有现
代技术并不重要。故选C。
4．
细节题。根据第3段第2句“He credits (把……归功于) his team’s success to the 16
Inuit dogs that pull the sledges (雪橇).”可知“他非常感谢因纽特人的狗。”故选A。
5．
最佳标题。本文介绍了登上北极的两个人汤姆·艾弗里和罗伯特·皮尔。在1909年的
冒险中所走的路线，踏上世界最高峰——北极。介绍了艾弗里和皮尔的共同点和不同
之处。可知课文的最佳标题《创纪录的北极之旅》。
二
The world's nights are getting surprisingly brighter. This is bad news for all kinds of
creatures, including humans － as light pollution is becoming worse, taking away the
darkness of night almost everywhere.
Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's artificially-lit* outdoor area
grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016. So did night time brightness. Light pollution was even
worse than that, according to the German-led team, because satellites cannot observe some of
the LED lighting, especially blue light.
"Honestly, I had hoped that with LEDs we were improving the situation, for this new
lighting technology has been developed to use less energy. But it turns out quite
disappointing. ", said Kyba, the lead author of the study.
"Asia, Africa and South America, for the most part, have seen an increase in artificialnight lighting. The cities in developing nations are brightening quite rapidly. Other bright
places include greenhouses in the Netherlands and areas of agriculture. More and more places
are fixing outdoor lighting because of its low cost and the growth in communities' wealth,"
the scientists said.
One of the co-authors, Franz Holker of the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and
Inland Fisheries in Berlin, said things were already in a terrible situation.
"Many people are using light at night without really thinking about the cost," Holker
said. "Not just the economic cost, but also the cost that you have to pay for environmental
damage."
The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious, according to the researchers.
People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health. The life of birds, fish,
insects and bats can be harmed. Plants can have longer growing periods. And people may
forget about seeing stars or the Milky Way if the light pollution continues.
Kyba and his team suggest avoiding bright lights whenever possible and using more
useful ways to shine light on places such as parking lots or city streets. For example, dim,
closely spaced lights can provide better visibility than bright lights that are more spread out.
6．Why is light pollution becoming worse according to the passage?
A．Because LED lighting gives off blue light.
B．Because there is increasing artificial lighting.
C．Because people can pay for the electricity bill for home.
D．Because scientists didn't suggest avoiding artificial lighting.
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．We can use bright lights in city streets.
B．LED lighting can help reduce light pollution.
C．Maybe we can't see the stars because of light pollution.
D．The cities in developing nations don't fix outdoor lighting.
8．What does the underlined word "marred" probably mean?
A．recorded B．controlled C．improved D．influenced
9．What's the best title of the passage?
A．The Disadvantages of LEDs B．Brighter Nights Are Dangerous
C．What Causes Light Pollution D．Ways to Reduce Light Pollution
【答案】
6．B7．C
8．D
9．B
【分析】
本文主要介绍了光污染的问题。世界的夜晚越来越亮，这对包括人类在内的各种生物
来说都是个坏消息。光污染影响人们的睡眠，损害人们的健康。影响动植物的正常的
生活等。文章最后建议尽可能避免明亮的灯光，减少光污染对环境造成的危害。
6．
细节题。根据第2段第1句“Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's
artificially-lit* outdoor area grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016.”可知“光污染越来越
严重的原因是因为人工照明越来越多。”故选B。
7．
细节题。根据倒数第2段最后一句“And people may forget about seeing stars or the
Milky Way if the light pollution continues.”可知也许因为光污染我们看不见星星。故选
C。
8．
词意猜测题。recorded记录，记载；controlled控制；improved改进，改善，提高；
influenced影响。根据上文“The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious,
according to the researchers.（研究人员称，增加人工光的影响是显而易见的。）”可知
此句“People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health.”句意是：人们的
睡眠会受到影响，这反过来又会损害他们的健康。故下画线单词“marred”可能的意
思是“影响”；故选D。
9．
主旨题。本文主要介绍了世界的夜晚越来越亮，这对包括人类在内的各种生物来说都
是个坏消息。光污染影响人们的睡眠，损害人们的健康。影响动植物的正常的生活等。
文章最后建议尽可能避免明亮的灯光，减少光污染对环境造成的危害。故这篇文章最
好的标题是《明亮的夜晚是危险的》；故选B。
三
This painting is called The Fighting Temeraire. Temeraire is the name of the big, old
sailing ship that you can see on the left of the picture. People chose this picture to be the
greatest painting in Britain.
J. M. W. Turner painted it in 1839. It shows the old sailing ship, the Temeraire, on the
River Thames near London. There’s a small tugboat pulling the old ship. It’s in fact taking theTemeraire on its last journey. The old ship is going to the breaker’s yard. In the background
we can see the sun setting.
The picture, however, is more than just a painting of two boats in the evening. The artist
wanted to show the end of an era (时代). The time of the beautiful, old sailing ships is
coming to an end. That’s why we see this happening at sunset. In the little, brown tugboat we
can see the new industrial era starting. The tugboat is small and dark and it’s making a lot of
smoke, but it’s very strong, because it’s pulling the much bigger ship.
The painting shows a real event. Turner watched the Temeraire taking its last journey up
the Thames, but he changed some of the details. He painted the old ship white and gold so
that it looks like a ghost. In fact, the real ship was black and yellow. We also see the sun
setting behind the ship, but in fact, the ship travelled towards the sunset. However, Turner
wanted to show the sun setting on the time of the beautiful old sailing ships.
Turner painted The Fighting Temeraire when he was quite old, so perhaps he wanted to
show the sun setting on his own life, too. He loved the painting and he never sold it. You can
see it today in the National Gallery in London.
10．The Fighting Temeraire _______.
A．is the name of a big sailing ship B．was thought the best painting in Britain
C．shows two nice new ships D．was painted by a famous young artist
11．The old ship was pulled to the yard ______.
A．to be painted new B．to be repaired C．to be broken up D．to be sold
12．What does the tugboat stand for according to the passage?
A．The new industrial era. B．The beautiful old era.
C．The painter’s own life. D．The white and gold ghost.
13．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．The color of the real sailing ship was white and gold.
B．In the painting the sailing ship was going towards the sunset.
C．Finally Turner sold this painting because he didn’t like it.
D．Today the painting is kept in the National Gallery in London.
【答案】
10．B
11．C
12．A
13．D【分析】
《斗士》是J. M. W. Turner在1839年画的一幅画，人们选择这幅画作为英国最伟大的
画作。这幅画不仅仅只是两艘日落时分的船，艺术家想要展示一个时代的终结。
10．细节理解题。根据短文第一段中This painting is called The Fighting Temeraire….
People chose this picture to be the greatest painting in Britain.可知，人们认为Fighting
Temeraire这幅画是英国最伟大的画作。由此可知应选B。
11．推理判断题。根据短文第二段There’s a small tugboat pulling the old ship. It’s in fact
taking the Temeraire on its last journey. The old ship is going to the breaker’s yard.可知，这
艘船结束了最后一次航行，将驶进破船场。由此可知应选C。
12．推理判断题。根据短文第三段The artist wanted to show the end of an era (时代). The
time of the beautiful, old sailing ships is coming to an end…. In the little, brown tugboat we
can see the new industrial era starting. The tugboat is small and dark and it’s making a lot of
smoke, but it’s very strong, because it’s pulling the much bigger ship.可知，拖船很小、很
黑，冒着很大的烟，但是它很结实，它拖着更大的船，它是新工业时代的象征。因此
应选A。
13．细节理解题。根据短文最后一句话You can see it today in the National Gallery in
London.可知，现在这幅画保存在伦敦国家美术馆，由此可知D选项符合文意，故选
D。根据第第四段中He painted the old ship white and gold so that it looks like a ghost. In
fact, the real ship was black and yellow.可知A不对；根据第四段We also see the sun
setting behind the ship, but in fact, the ship travelled towards the sunset可知B不对；根据
最后一段He loved the painting and he never sold it.可知C不对。
四
Hi, everyone, my name is Isabella and I’m an artist and fashion designer. But today,
I’m not here to specially talk to you about art or fashion. Today I want to talk to you about
dreams and stories.
Did you know that 4-minute mile once thought to be impossible? It was something
outside we can consider. But in 1954, a guy named Bannister achieved. 35 In the following
two months, two other runners broke 4-minute record and in the following three years and 19
runners continued. And now, it’s common for an experienced runner to be able to run a mile
under 4 minutes. It’s just that they didn’t think it was impossible any more.
So we should dream big. I have always to be encouraged to dream big. And I think when
you’re very little and maybe don’t know any better it’s easier to do because there’s
fearlessness before you become afraid of something. What did you want to be? A movie star,an actor or an astronaut. Maybe you didn’t achieve these dreams, as you got older. Because as
you got older, you became afraid. It’s important to hold on your fearlessness just like a child.
Because it’s fearlessness that helps us achieve our dreams.
I’m a big fan of what I called dream board. It’s just a piece of paper. There’re lots of
pictures of things I would like to achieve and I put it in a place where I see it every day and
that helps me. I started doing this a few years ago because I read a study in the US showing
that people who made dream boards are more likely to achieve them. I know this may not be
new or useful to everyone, but for me, the act of making my dream board every year and
seeing it every morning really helps me.
Another thing that I really believe in is the world. I believe that once you have your
dreams and begin to work for it, people start appearing in your life that can offer support and
help… So let’s face it, there’s going to be a lot of challenges but to get through. I think
courage is needed.
In conclusion, after all of this dreaming you have to work hard and put a lot of time into
everything you’re doing and have courage because there’s going to be a lot of difficulty but
just remember the world is trying to help you. I know that I’m not the only one that has
dreams. Everybody has dreams. You just need to work hard to achieve them.
Thank you!
14．What can we learn about the dream board?
A．It is a piece of paper with what Isabella Taylor dreams about.
B．It is a piece of paper with what Isabella Taylor has achieved.
C．Isabella Taylor was the first to make a dream board in the US.
D．Isabella Taylor makes a new board when she starts a dream.
15．Which sentence is the most suitable for the blank 35 in paragraph2?
A．Still, people thought Bannister’s mark was impossible to break.
B．There was no reason why he should have gone on to do anything great.
C．Perhaps human body had reached its limit after Bannister broke the record.
D．It opened the floodgates for everyone else to continue breaking this record.
16．Which of the following are necessary to achieve dreams according to Isabella Taylor?
a. Being afraid of nothing.
b. Making a dream board.
c. Devoting yourself to working hard.
d. Asking people around you for help.A．ac B．ad C．bc D．bd
17．What’s the talk mainly about?
A．The importance of dreaming big and having courage.
B．How to make a dream board about art and fashion design.
C．Isabella Taylor’s experiences of achieving dreams successfully.
D．Isabella Taylor’s understanding of how to make dreams come true.
【答案】
14．A
15．D
16．A
17．D
【分析】
这篇短文是一位艺术家兼时尚设计师Isabella的演讲词，她给我们分享的是梦想。她告
诉我们要有大的梦想，在实现梦想的路上肯定会遇到困难和挑战，但要记住这个世界
都在试图帮助你，所以不要放弃，努力去实现他们。
14．细节理解题。根据短文第四段中I’m a big fan of what I called dream board. It’s just a
piece of paper. There’re lots of pictures of things I would like to achieve and I put it in a place
where I see it every day and that helps me.可知，“梦想板”就是一张纸，Isabella把自己
的梦想写作上面，每天都看到，这样能促使她去实现它。由此可知应选A。
15．推理判断题。根据上下文But in 1954, a guy named Bannister achieved. In the
following two months, two other runners broke 4-minute record and in the following three
years and 19 runners continued.可知，这里主要讲述了在1954年Bannister做到4分钟一
英里之后，接下来的两个月里，另外两名跑步运动员打破了这个纪录，接下来的三年
里，19个跑步运动员继续着。由此可知推断，有了第一个人的成功，后面更多的人都
能做到了，因此D选项“这为其他人打破这个纪录打开了闸门”能串联上下文的意思。
故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据短文最后一段In conclusion, after all of this dreaming you have to
work hard and put a lot of time into everything you’re doing and have courage…可知，
Isabella认为，实现梦想需要你努力的工作，付出很多的时间，并且要有勇气。因此a
和c符合文意，选A。
17．主旨大意题。根据短文第一段Hi, everyone, my name is Isabella …Today I want to
talk to you about dreams and stories.以及短文中So we should dream big.、Everybody hasdreams. You just need to work hard to achieve them.可知，文章是艺术节、时尚设计师
Isabella的演讲，内容关于梦想以及如何实现梦想。故D选项最符合文意。
五
Lin Hanxing is a 30-year-old who lives in Beijing. She owns just five shirts, two pairs
of trousers, four pairs of shoes, three books and a few other things. It’s hard to believe that
only five years ago, Lin was one of those people who couldn’t stop buying things. Back then,
she had more than 400 pieces of clothes and handbags. But that was before she saw an online
challenge in 2014, introduced by Joshua Becker, a writer in the US who was promoting (推
动) a minimalist lifestyle. He encouraged people to reduce the number of their belongings (财
物) to fewer than 100. Lin decided to give it a try. She threw away 90 percent of her
belongings. She also cleared 120 people she never spoke to from her QQ and Wechat. After
doing all that, Lin said she felt ‘lighter’.
We used to think owning more was the way to lead a rich life. But now many people
believe that owning less is rich, perhaps richer.
According to US writer Joel Stillerman, people who are educated and wealthy are more
likely to have a minimalist lifestyle. These people are saying, ‘I can afford to have less.’
But leading a minimalist lifestyle doesn’t only mean owning or spending less. Adam
Lucacias from a UK research company Euromonitor found young people spend less on
belongings, but more on short holidays and visits to the movies.
‘They are looking for a life that is all about culture.’ Alison Angus, the manager of
Euromonitor, said.
So perhaps it all comes down to how we define (定义) ‘wealth’. Is wealth in life about
buying more and owning more, or is it about learning more and experiencing more?
18．Which of the following leads a minimalist lifestyle?
A．Alison Angus. B．Adam Lucacias.
C．Joe Stillerman. D．Joshua Becker.
19．What does the underlined sentence mean？
A．I can live a good life with no more education and money.
B．I can live a good life by experiencing less and learning more.
C．I can live a good life with necessary belongings and friends.
D．I can live a good life with less money and fewer belongings.
20．Lin Hanxing’s definition of ‘wealth’ may probably cover __________.
A．Owning fewer friends B．doing more learningC．Having more holidays D．Chatting less often with people
【答案】
18．D
19．C
20．B
【解析】
【分析】
你听说过极简主义吗？根据一位美国作家Joel Stillerman的观点，受过教育的、富有的
人更有可能拥有极简主义的生活方式。极简主义的生活方式并不一定就是在财产上花
费少，这取决于你如何定义“财富”。
18．细节理解题。根据短文第一段中But that was before she saw an online challenge in
2014, introduced by Joshua Becker, a writer in the US who was promoting (推动) a
minimalist lifestyle.可知，Joshua Becker在美国推动极简主义的生活方式。由此可知应
选D。
19．细节理解题。根据文意According to US writer Joel Stillerman, people who are
educated and wealthy are more likely to have a minimalist lifestyle. These people are saying,
‘I can afford to have less.’受过教育的、富有的人更可能拥有极简主义的生活方式，他们
觉得有必要的财产和朋友，就能过好的生活。极简主义的生活方式并不是钱越少越好，
而是有必要的就可以了，不用更多。故应选C。
20．推理判断题。根据短文开头Lin Hanxing is a 30-year-old who lives in Beijing. She
owns just five shirts, two pairs of trousers, four pairs of shoes, three books and a few other
things.和第一段的内容可知，林寒星在看了一个在线挑战的节目之后，开始极简主义
的生活方式，她只有5件衬衫、两条裤子、四双鞋、三本书和一些其他的东西。由此
可知，她定义的“财富”并不是拥有多少财产，而是要更多地学习。故应选B。
六
There are a lot of interesting things living in the sea. There are many types of fish andmany other animals. There are also many types of plants. There are even some animals which
have a lot in common with you. They are mammals living in the sea. How much do you know
about creatures that live in the sea? Do you want to know more about the food chain（链）in
the sea?
In the sea, all sea creatures get food from other sea creatures. At the first link of the food
chain are the sea plants and plankton (浮游生物). Plants are found only in the sunlight zone
where there is enough light for them, however, animals are found at all depths of the oceans
though their numbers are greater near the surface where food is enough. Many kinds of fish
and animals, such as the snail, shrimp, jellyfish, and sea star eat the plankton. The small
animals and fish that eat plankton then become food for larger fish, such as the tuna and
mackerel. These fish are then eaten by larger fish and animals, such as the shark and dolphin.
The shark and dolphin are at the top of the food chain in the sea. Sharks are very dangerous
so many people are eaten by them in the sea. But why the number of the shark is becoming
smaller and smaller? And who eats the shark? Check out the menu at a seafood restaurant
next time you are eating there. Don't be surprised if you find shark on the menu.
21．The underlined word “creatures” means ______.
A．维持 B．生物 C．奇特 D．藻类
22．Which is NOT true?
A．Animals are found at all depths of the oceans
B．Plants are found only in the sunlight zone
C．The large animals become food for small ones.
D．The shark and dolphin are at the top of the food chain in the sea
23．Plankton is food for ______.
A．the snail B．shrimp C．sea star and jellyfishD．All the above
24．______ are at the top of the food.
A．The sea plants B．The small fish C．People D．The shark and
dolphin
25．What’s the passage mainly talk about?
A．The sea plants B．Food Chain in the Sea
C．Dangerous sharks D．Colorful Sea Animals
【答案】
21．B22．C
23．D
24．C
25．B
【分析】
海里生活着各种各样的生物，有植物、鱼和其他的动物。你对海洋生物了解多少？这
篇短文中作者给我们介绍了海洋里的食物链。
21．词义猜测题。根据这个单词所在的语境There are many types of fish and many other
animals. There are also many types of plants. There are even some animals which have a lot
in common with you. They are mammals living in the sea.可知，这几句话列举了生活在海
洋里的各种生物，如很多种类的鱼和其他动物、植物、哺乳动物等。故creature的意思
应该是“生物”，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据短文第二段中The small animals and fish that eat plankton then
become food for larger fish, such as the tuna and mackerel. These fish are then eaten by larger
fish and animals, such as the shark and dolphin.可知，小的动物和鱼被更大的鱼吃掉；这
些鱼又被比他们更大的鱼吃掉，如鲨鱼和海豚。C选项说“大动物成为小动物的食
物”，与文意不符，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据短文第二段中Many kinds of fish and animals, such as the snail,
shrimp, jellyfish, and sea star eat the plankton.可知，很多种类的鱼还有蜗牛、虾、水母和
海星都吃浮游生物，因此A、B和C三个选项都对，选D。
24．推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段的最后But why the number of the shark is
becoming smaller and smaller? And who eats the shark? Check out the menu at a seafood
restaurant next time you are eating there. Don't be surprised if you find shark on the menu可
知，鲨鱼是海洋食物链的顶层，但他们的数量越来越少，因为他们都被人类吃掉了。
所以人类才是生物链的顶端。故应选C。
25．主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段的最后两句话How much do you know about
creatures that live in the sea? Do you want to know more about the food chain（链）in the
sea?可知，这篇短文给我们介绍的是海洋里的生物链。A 、C和D三个选项都太片面，
B选项符合文意，故选B。
【点睛】
这篇短文中作者给我们介绍了海洋里的生物链。短文是科普类的说明文，在理解上有
一定的难度。阅读时，应注意把握文章中心和主旨，并尽可能多的获取细节信息。做
题时，要注意根据题干所问，锁定文章相关段落或语句，与选项进行对比，选择最佳答案。题型有细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断和主旨大意，考查非常全面。如第2小
题，是一个推理判断题，做题时，应根据选项在原文定位，根据原文信息进行判断，
用排除法作答。再如第5小题，这是一个主旨大意题，说明文的主题句常出现在文章
开头，因此第一段的首尾句最有可能是文章的主旨句，根据第一段的最后一句话Do
you want to know more about the food chain（链）in the sea?可知，这篇短文给我们介绍
的是海洋里的生物链，故应选B。
七
Many schools want to see young children spend more time learning. Some get rid of nap
time. They think time spent sleeping is wasted time. And they feel kids may not really need to
nap (午睡) anyway.
Ending afternoon naps might be a mistake, though. A new study looked at school nap
time. It shows that going without a nap can cause problems for some children. That makes it
harder for them to remember what they learn. The new study was done by Rebecca Spencer
and Tracy Riggins. Both are scientists who study learning and memory.
Children need less sleep as they get older. However, children are not all the same. They
stop needing to nap at different ages. Some stop napping every day by age 4. Others still nap
daily at age 6. Also, the need to nap doesn’t just suddenly disappear, Spencer said. It can
come and go as children develop. Children grow very quickly. All that growth can be tiring.
Children may be fine without naps at one point. A month later, they may need to take naps
again.
All children need a good night’s sleep in order to remember and learn. However, some
children need more sleep than others. To keep what they’ve learned, these children need to
nap during the day. Nighttime sleep just isn’t enough. Riggins and Spencer set out to prove
this. They asked children at six preschools to play a memory game. After the children finished
the game, some were told to nap. The others were kept from napping. The following morning,
the two scientists brought the children back.
They wanted to test how much the children remembered from the day before. Theyfound some big differences. Students who were kept awake forgot more than students who
had napped.
Scientist Peg Oliveira has also studied nap time. She says school naps can be particularly
important for kids who might be suffering from (遭受) tough times at home. They often get
less sleep at home than other kids. Some do not have their own room. Others may be
homeless at times.
“Those kids might not be having a solid night of sleep,” Oliveira said. For them, school
nap time is extra important.
26．The underline phrase “get rid of” in Paragraph 1 can most probably be changed by
”
A．don’t mind B．are afraid of C．keep away from D．happily agree
27．From the study of Rebecca Spencer and Tracy Riggins, the need to nap depends on
A．how old the children are B．children’s development
C．children’s sleeping hours at night D．children’s timetable
28．According the passage,which of the followings is NOT TRUE?
A．Children who often nap can remember what they learn easily.
B．In the game, the students who had napped get better results.
C．The kids who had hard times may not need more naps.
D．Some children need to nap because they don’t have enough sleep time at night.
29．According to the passage, the writer is eager to tell us that .
A．children do not pay attention to naps at school
B．children need both night’s sleep and school nap
C．there are just two ages for children to stop daily naps
D．nap time is very important during the growth of children
30．The passage is most probably taken from .
A．a science magazine B．a news report C．a story book D．a history
research
【答案】
26．C
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．A【解析】
【分析】
很多学校觉得孩子们的午睡是没有必要的，是浪费时间，不如用来学习，于是就取消
了午睡。但Rebecca Spencer和 Tracy Riggins两位科学家通过研究发现这是错误的，孩
子们需要午睡，这对他们的学习和记忆都有很大的帮助。
26．词义猜测题。根据下句话They think time spent sleeping is wasted time. And they feel
kids may not really need to nap (午睡) anyway可知，一些学校任何花费时间午睡是浪费
时间，孩子们可能真的不需要午睡。由此可推出get rid of应该是“取消”的意思。
don’t mind不介意；are afraid of害怕；keep away from远离；happily agree开心地同意。
故应选C。
27．细节理解题。根据短文第三段中Children need less sleep as they get older. However,
children are not all the same. They stop needing to nap at different ages. Some stop napping
every day by age 4. Others still nap daily at age 6. Also, the need to nap doesn’t just suddenly
disappear, Spencer said. It can come and go as children develop.可知，午睡的需要是根据
孩子的发展变化的，不同的孩子的需要是不同的。由此可知应选B。
28．推理判断题。根据短文第六段She says school naps can be particularly important for
kids who might be suffering from (遭受) tough times at home.可知，对于在家里遭受困难
时间的孩子来说，午睡尤其重要，故C选项是错误的，选C。根据短文第二段That
makes it harder for them to remember what they learn.可知A符合文意；根据短文第五段
They found some big differences. Students who were kept awake forgot more than students
who had napped.可知B符合文意；根据最后一段“Those kids might not be having a solid
night of sleep,” Oliveira said. For them, school nap time is extra important.可知D符合文意。
故选C.
29．推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段Ending afternoon naps might be a mistake,
though. A new study looked at school nap time. It shows that going without a nap can cause
problems for some children. That makes it harder for them to remember what they learn.可知，
午睡对于孩子们来说是非常重要的，没有午睡可能会导致一些问题。因此应选D。
30．推理判断题。根据文意可知，这篇短文给我们介绍了午睡对于孩子们的重要性，
这是Rebecca Spencer和 Tracy Riggins两位科学家通过研究发现的。这是一篇科普说明
文，因此这样的文章可以从科学杂志上看到，故应选A。a news report新闻报道；a
story book故事书；a history research历史研究。这三个选项不符合文意。故选A。
八
In an Italian school, the students are taking a science lesson.Mr Marco, their teacher, explains, “For part of our lesson today, some of you are going
to visit the Lakeside Park to study trees in natural surroundings. You will be looking carefully
and thinking about the conditions trees need to grow.”
Mr Marco and the group walk to the woodland where there are many beautiful trees. The
students are required to match the trees with the names of three trees on their question paper.
Two students try guessing the height of young trees. Then they measure the distance from a
young tree to the parent tree by counting their steps between the trees. One of the students
reminds them to stay on task and follow the group. The rest of the group see several trees
matching the descriptions on their task list and run towards them.
Mr Marco gives the students three large plastic bowls with three labels (标签). The
students begin to search under each tree and find things to fill the labelled bowls. They put
the things they find into a bowl labelled red birch. Then they find the other two trees, a
Tibetan cherry, and a paperbark maple with red and orange curly leaves. Once the students
have finished, they relax, draw and make notes.
When the group return to school, Mr Marco gives them special glasses to look through.
They begin to sort and order their collections. Two of the students put tiny seeds between two
pieces of glass.
They examine them carefully. Two more students pour water into a metal container (容
器) to cover some leaves and dead flowers. They put on special gloves to stir the liquid (液
体) as the container heats up on a hotplate. Two other students are drawing and taking notes.
Then Mr Marco calls the group together. The group tell the class about the things they
saw and the results of their experiments (实验). Mr Marco thanks the group and says he
hopes to see the results of their experiments growing in the school garden.
31．The students visit the park to .
A．walk round the lake B．discuss ideas about plants
C．study trees in the natural world D．guess the height of trees
32．In the park, the students are asked to .
A．carry out more than one task B．measure the height of young trees
C．finish their activities by counting steps D．match trees to the names on a list
33．Before the students leave the park, they need to .
A．gather all the large and small seeds together
B．put all their nature study materials into containers
C．show Mr Marco their drawings of flowersD．count all the leaves under the trees
34．After the group arrive back in school, they do all the following things EXCEPT .
A．study natural materials with special glasses B．sort and order their collections
C．draw and take notes D．heat natural materials to make a plant
food
35．What do the students share with the rest of the class at the end of the lesson?
A．Their guesses about nature. B．Their collections of natural materials.
C．The results of their observations and experiments. D．Answers to all the questions on
the task list.
【答案】
31．C
32．A
33．B
34．D
35．C
【分析】
这篇短文讲述的是意大利一所学校里，Marco先生带领学生们上的一节科学课。他让
学生们去公园观察自然环境里的树，思考树成长所需要的条件。学生们通过实地观察、
动手实验，对树的生长有了更深的了解。
31．细节理解题。根据短文第二段Mr Marco, their teacher, explains, “For part of our
lesson today, some of you are going to visit the Lakeside Park to study trees in natural
surroundings.可知，Marco先生让学生们去公园，观察自然环境中的树。由此可知应选
C。
32．细节理解题。根据短文第三段The students are required to match the trees with the
names of three trees on their question paper. Two students try guessing the height of young
trees. Then they measure the distance from a young tree to the parent tree by counting their
steps between the trees.可知，在公园里，学生们被要求把试卷上三棵树的名字和树的名
字配对；两个学生试着猜小树的高度；题目通过计算他们在树与树之间的步数来测量
小树和母树之间的距离。由此可知，学生们需要完成很多任务，故应选A。
33．细节理解题。根据短文第四段Mr Marco gives the students three large plastic bowls
with three labels (标签). The students begin to search under each tree and find things to fill
the labelled bowls.可知，Marco先生给了学生们三个塑料碗，上面有标签，学生们应根据标签把东西放在碗里。由此可知，学生们离开公园之前，要把研究材料都放在一个
容器里，故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据短文第五段和第六段When the group return to school, Mr Marco
gives them special glasses to look through. They begin to sort and order their
collections….Two other students are drawing and taking note可知，A、B和C三个选项中
都在原文提到了，没有D。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据短文最后一段The group tell the class about the things they saw and
the results of their experiments可知，学生们互相分享他们所观察到的事情以及实验的结
果。由此可知应选C。
【点睛】
这篇短文讲述了Marco先生带领学生们上的一节科学课，学生们通过实地观察、收集
材料、做实验等，对树木的生长有了更多的了解。短文按照时间顺序来记叙，叙述清
晰，文章中有较多的长难句，加大了理解的难度。题目设置以细节理解题为主，做题
时，先通读短文，了解文章大意，并尽可能获取细节信息；然后根据题目所问，或依
据关键词，锁定文章相关段落或语句作答。例如第2小题，根据短文第三段The
students are required to match the trees with the names of three trees on their question paper.
Two students try guessing the height of young trees. Then they measure the distance from a
young tree to the parent tree by counting their steps between the trees.可知，在公园里，学
生们被要求把试卷上三棵树的名字和树的名字配对；两个学生试着猜小树的高度；题
目通过计算他们在树与树之间的步数来测量小树和母树之间的距离。由此可知，学生
们需要完成很多任务，故应选A。
