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绝密★启用前
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英 语 （一 ）
（科目代码:201）
☆考生注意事项众
1 . 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。
2 . 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷
条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3 . 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4 . 填 （书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5 . 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B,CorD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early
2000s. the term “plant neurobiology" was ] around the notion that some aspects of
plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the
firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that
4 consciousness , researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is
complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called
6 of plants9 intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells
that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 "a plant nervous system,
9 to that in animals,“ said lead study author Lincoln Taiz. "They 10 claimed
that plants have cbrain-like command centers' at their root tips.”
This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12
it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical
signals. 13 the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a
complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by
electricity,Taiz said.
“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and
capacity is required,he 16 . “Since plants don't have nervous systems, the 17
that they have consciousness are effectively zero.,,
And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from
18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain
would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
2022年英语（一）试题第1页共14页1. [A] coined [B] discovered [C] collected [D] issued
2. [A] attributed [B] directed [C] compared [D] confined
3. [A] Unless [B] When [C] Once [D] Though
4. [A] coped with [B] consisted of [C] hinted at [D] extended to
5. [A] suffers [B] benefits [C] develops [D] differs
6. [A] acceptance [B] evidence [C] cultivation [D] creation
7. [A] doubted [B] denied [C] argued [D] requested
8. [A] adapting [B] forming [C] repairing ED] testing
9. [A] analogous [B] essential [C] suitable [D] sensitive
10. [A] just [B] ever [C] still [D] even
11. [A] restriction [B] experiment [C] perspective [D] demand
12. [A] attaching [B] reducing [C] returning [D] exposing
13. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
14. [A] temporarily [B] literally [C] superficially [D] imaginarily
15. [A] list [B] level [C] label [D] load
16. [A] recalled [B] agreed [C] questioned [D] added
17. [A] chances [B] risks [C] excuses ED] assumptions
18. [A] danger [B] failure [C] warning [D] control
19. [A] represents [B] includes [C] reveals [D] recognizes
20. [A] humble [B] poor [C] practical [D] easy
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C
or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
2022年英语（一）试题第2 页共14页Text 1
People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags,
and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because
plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change
over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge.
All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to
preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying:
early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the
first artificial heart.
Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't
always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist
who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency
of the Netherlands. "It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes
wrong,“ she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb.^^
And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi
began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small
beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “ nature carpets一 large rectangles
decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk
around on the carpets- which meant they had to be durable.
Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It's especially
vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi's pumpkins, roses, and other
figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.
So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi's sculptures. They
infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those
chemicals
