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2025 年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）
参考答案及解析
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Located in the southern Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the
modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around
3500 B.C. and became an important trading center for Mycenaean
Greece (1650-1180 B.C.). This area of the Aegean Sea is 1 to
earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to 2 sink. The
buildings closest to the coast were battered by sea storms and
tsunamis, and the slow sea level rise in the Mediterranean 3 the
city more than 3,000 years ago.
For millennia, the city's 4 lay unseen below some 13 feet of
water. They were covered by a thick layer of sand 5 the island
of Laconia. In recent decades, shifting 6 and climate change
have eroded a natural barrier that 7 Pavlopetri. In 1967 a
scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was 8 data to
analyze changes in sea levels 9 British oceanographer Nicholas
英语（一）试题及解析 第1页（共35页）Flemming first spotted the submerged 10 . A year later, he
returned with a few students to 11 the location and map the site.
The team identified some 15 buildings, courtyards, a network of
streets, and two chamber tombs. 12 the exciting initial finds,
the site would lie 13 for decades before archaeologists would
return.
In 2009 archaeologists Chrysanthi Gallou and Jon Henderson
14 the excavation of Pavlopetri in cooperation with the Greek
Ministry of Culture. Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology 15
and tools had made huge advances. The team 16 robotics, sonar
mapping, and state-of-the-art graphics to survey the site. From 2009
to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to 17 .
Covering about two and a half acres, Pavlopetri’s three main roads
18 some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open
courtyards. Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan-style
loom weights, 19 Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a
20 textile industry.
1. A. relevant B. prone C. available D. alien
2. A. accidentally B. frequently C. gradually D. temporarily
英语（一）试题及解析 第2页（共35页）3. A. disguised B. submerged C. relocated D. isolated
4. A. legends B. programs C. remains D. surroundings
5. A. across B. off C. under D. via
6. A. currents B. rivers C. seasons D. winds
7. A. elevated B. separated C. comprised D. protected
8. A. gathering B. restoring C. updating D. supplying
9. A. when B. until C. after D. once
10. A. belongings B. resources C. products D. structures
11. A. preserve B. select C. display D. examine
12. A. Despite B. Unlike C. Besides D. Among
13. A. unchallenged B. unknown C. unorganized D. undisturbed
14. A. suspended B. transferred C. resumed D. canceled
15. A. policies B. theories C. documents D. techniques
16. A. ordered B. provided C. employed D. adjusted
17. A. effect B. light C. reality D. mind
18. A. crossed B. connected C. blocked D. altered
19. A. expecting B. suggesting C. predicting D. recalling
20. A. robust B. diverse C. marginal D. dependent
英语（一）试题及解析 第3页（共35页）【1】B 解析：空格所在处应能表示“爱琴海的这⼀地区”和“地震和海啸”
之间的关系，结合下⽂的 which caused the city to... sink（这导致这座城
市……下沉）可知，爱琴海这⼀地区应该经常发⽣地震和海啸。对⽐选项，
B 项 prone（易于遭受……的）最符合句意，代⼊后表示“爱琴海的这⼀地
区容易发⽣地震和海啸”。A项relevant意为“相关的”，C项available意为“可
⽤的”，D项alien意为“陌⽣的；外国的”，均不符合句意和上下⽂逻辑。
【2】C 解析：空格所在句表示“爱琴海的这⼀地区容易发⽣地震和海啸，
这导致这座城市……下沉”，空格填⼊词应表示对“下沉”这个动作的修饰。
下⼀句提到，靠近海岸的建筑遭到了海上⻛暴和海啸的重创，且受到了缓
慢上升的海平⾯的影响。可知这⼀地区是在不断的⾃然灾害的影响下，经
过了⼀段时间，才下沉的，C项gradually（渐渐地）符合句意。A项accidentally
（偶然地；意外地），B项frequently（频繁地），D项temporarily（暂时
地），代⼊原⽂后分别表示“意外/频繁/暂时下沉”，均不符合⽂意。
【3】B 解析：空格所在句说“3000多年前，地中海海平⾯的缓慢上升……
这座城市”，根据常识可知，海平⾯上升可能会淹没沿海城市，且下⼀句提
到lay unseen below some 13 feet of water（躺在⼤约13英尺深的⽔下），B
项submerged（淹没）符合句意。A项disguised表示“伪装”，C项relocated
表示“（使）搬迁，迁移”，D项isolated表示“孤⽴；隔离”，代⼊原⽂后分
别表示“地中海海平⾯的缓慢上升伪装/迁移/隔离了这座城市”，均不符合⽂
英语（一）试题及解析 第4页（共35页）意。
【4】C 解析：空格所在句说“⼏千年来，这座城市的……⼀直隐藏在约13
英尺深的⽔下”，对⽐选项，A 项 legends（传说，传奇）是指⽆形的传奇
故事，B项programs（计划；项⽬）指在某事物发展过程中要完成的事项，
C项remains（遗迹；遗址）指保存下来并在今天被发现的古代物体和建筑
的部分，D项surroundings（周围环境，周围事物）指某事物周围的其他事
物。结合上下⽂可知，⽂章讲的是Pavlopetri这座古城的历史和发掘经过，
C 项最符合⽂意，代⼊原⽂后表示“，这座城市的遗址⼀直隐藏在约 13 英
尺深的⽔”。
【5】B 解析：空格填⼊词应能表示a thick layer of sand（⼀层厚厚的沙⼦）
和the island of Laconia（拉科尼亚岛）之间的关系，上⽂提到，Pavlopetri
这座城市被淹没在嗨⽔下，且被沙⼦覆盖，那么这些沙⼦应该就是拉科尼
亚岛边上海域⾥的沙⼦，B项off表示“在某事物之外且距离不远”，符合⽂
意。A项across表示“在……对⾯；穿过”，C项under表示“在……之下”，
D项via表示“通过；经由”，均不能合理描述前后的位置关系。
【6】A 解析：空格所在句说“近⼏⼗年来，不断变化的……和⽓候变化侵
蚀了……Pavlopetri 的天然屏障”，shifting...和 climate change 都是破坏
Pavlopetri的天然屏障的事物，⽽前⽂已经提到Pavlopetri被淹没在了海⾥，
可知“不断变化的”是海⾥的某⼀⾃然现象。对⽐选项，A 项 currents 意为
英语（一）试题及解析 第5页（共35页）“（海洋或江河的）⽔流，潮流”，符合⽂意。其余三项“河流/季节/⻛”均错
误。
【7】D 解析：空格所在句提到，近⼏⼗年来，不断变化的洋流和⽓候变
化侵蚀了……Pavlopetri 的天然屏障。“天然屏障”应该是保护 Pavlopetri 免
受外界侵蚀的，对⽐选项，D项protected（保护）符合⽂意。其余三项“抬
起/分离/构成”均错误。
【8】A 解析：空格所在句说，⼀项对伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学调查正在……
数据以分析海平⾯的变化。A项gathering代⼊后表示“收集数据”，符合⽂
意；B项restoring和C项updating代⼊后表示“恢复/更新数据”，但本句有
说这⼀遗址是在1967年被first spotted（⾸次发现），可知先前并没有相关
数据，故错误；D项supplying代⼊后表示“提供数据”，⽽supply指的是提
供⾃⼰已有的事物，故错误。
【9】A 解析：空格所在句说，⼀项对伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学调查正在收
集数据以分析海平⾯的变化……英国海洋学家尼古拉斯·弗莱明⾸先发现
了这些⽔下……。空格应填⼊⼀个连词引导空格后的从句，对⽐选项，A
项when表示“当……时”，B项until表示“到……时”，C项after表示“在……
之后”，D 项 once 表示“⼀……就”，都是表示时间上的关系，只有A 项符
合⽂意，表示英国海洋学家尼古拉斯·弗莱明是在这次科学调查中⾸次发现
的。
英语（一）试题及解析 第6页（共35页）【10】D 解析：空格所在句说，英国海洋学家尼古拉斯·弗莱明⾸先发现了
这些⽔下……。⽔下存在的就是 Pavlopetri 的遗址，对⽐选项，A 项
belongings表示“所有物”，B项resources表示“资源；来源”，C项products
表示“产品”，D项structures表示“结构；建筑物”。⽽该遗址并⾮谁的所有
物，也不是某种资源或者什么的产品，只有D项符合⽂意，代⼊后表示“这
些⽔下建筑物”，且下⽂也提及弗莱明带领学⽣发现了 some 15 buildings,
courtyards, a network of streets, and two chamber tombs。
【11】D 解析：空格所在句说，⼀年后，他带着⼏个学⽣回来……地点并
绘制地图，下⼀句说他们确定了⼀些遗址⾥的建筑物。对⽐选项，A 项
preserve表示“保护”，但是⽂中并未提及他们进⾏了保护；B项select表示
“选择”，代⼊后不符合上下⽂逻辑；C项display表示“展示”，⽽这⼀地点
⽆法被他们展示；D项examine表示“检查”，代⼊后表示“检查地点并绘制
地图”，符合⽂意。
【12】A 解析：第12题和13题可以结合来看。空格所在句说，……令⼈
兴奋的最初发现，在考古学家回来之前，这个遗址⼏⼗年来⼀直处于……。
根据上⽂可知，尼古拉斯·弗莱明的团队在确定了⼀些遗址⾥的建筑物后并
没有新的进展，⽽根据下⽂可知，直到2009年，对于Pavlopetri的发掘才
有新的动作，可推测中间⼏⼗年并没有考古学家对此进⾏发掘，即遗址应
该是“未受⼲扰的”，所以“最初的令⼈兴奋的发现”应该与“在此之后很⻓时
英语（一）试题及解析 第7页（共35页）间遗址都没有被发掘”这⼀事实形成转折。对⽐四个选项，“尽管/不像/除此
之外/在……之间”，只有A项Despite符合⽂意。
【13】D 解析：详⻅第12题解析。A项unchallenged（不被怀疑的）原⽂
未提及，B项unknown（未知的）错误，C项unorganized（⽆组织的）原
⽂未提及，只有D项undisturbed（未受⼲扰的）符合⽂意。
【14】C 解析：空格所在句提到，2009年，考古学家Chrysanthi Gallou和
Jon Henderson与希腊⽂化部合作……Pavlopetri的挖掘⼯作。上⼀段提到，
这个遗址⼏⼗年来⼀直处于未收⼲扰的状态，即没有继续被挖掘。 C 项
resumed（继续）符合⽂意。其余三项分别表示“暂停/转移/取消了挖掘⼯作”，
均错误。
【15】D 解析：空格所在句提到，⾃20世纪60年代以来，⽔下考古……
和⼯具取得了巨⼤进步。下⼀句提到了 robotics, sonar mapping, and
state-of-the-art graphics等新技术和⼯具。D项technique（s 技术）符合⽂意。
其余三项分别表示“政策/理论/⽂献”，都不属于实际能使⽤的技术⼯具。
【16】C 解析：空格所在句提到，该团队……机器⼈、声纳测绘和最先进
的图形来调查现场。这些“机器⼈、声纳测绘和最先进的图形”都是考古⼯
作⼈员⽤来调查现场的技术和⼯具，该团队应该是“使⽤，运⽤”它们。C
项employed（使⽤，利⽤）符合⽂意，其余三项“命令/提供/调整”均错误。
【17】B 解析：空格所在句提到，从2009年到2013年，他们成功地将这
英语（一）试题及解析 第8页（共35页）个⽔下⼩镇带到了……。结合上下⽂可知，考古⼈员成功地发掘了该遗址
的内容，即让世⼈知晓。B项light（光）代⼊后表示“他们成功地将这个⽔
下⼩镇带到了世⼈⾯前”，符合⽂意，bring sth. to light为固定搭配，意为“发
现……；使……公开”。A 项 effect 不能和上⽂形成合理搭配，C 项 reality
和D项mind代⼊后分别表示“使某事成为现实/想起某事”，均不符合 语义 。
【18】B 解析：空格所在句提到，Pavlopetri的三条主要道路占地约2.5英
亩，……⼤约50座矩形建筑。根据常识可知，主要道路可以连接城镇中的
建筑，B 项 connected（连接）正确。其余三项代⼊后分别表示“主要道路
横穿过/阻塞/改变了⼤约阻塞”，均不符合⽂意。
【19】B 解析：空格所在句提到，挖掘发现了⼤量⽶诺斯⻛格的织机砝
码，……Pavlopetri 是⼀个繁荣的贸易中⼼。空格前的挖掘发现说明了
Pavlopetri 是⼀个繁荣的贸易中⼼，B 项 suggesting（表明，暗示）符合⽂
意。其余三项意思分别为“期盼/预测/使回想”，都不能表示“由挖掘发现能
合理地推测”的意思，均错误。
【20】A 解析：空格所在句提到，挖掘发现了⼤量⽶诺斯⻛格的织布机砝
码，表明Pavlopetri是⼀个繁荣的贸易中⼼，拥有……纺织⼯业。由“⼤量
织布机砝码”和“繁荣的贸易中⼼”可知，Pavlopetri 的纺织业是很发达的，
对⽐选项，只有A项robust（强⼤的，稳固的）符合。B项diverse（多样
的）和D项dependen（t 独⽴的）均不能表达纺织业发达的意思，C项marginal
英语（一）试题及解析 第9页（共35页）（边缘的，微不⾜道的）更是与原⽂意思相反。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. The “rehearsal room" approach requires pupils to
A. rewrite the lines from Shakespeare.
B. watch RSC actors' performance.
C. play the roles in Shakespeare.
D. study drama under RSC artists.
【21】C. play the roles in Shakespeare. 解析： 该题为细节题，问 “排
练室”⽅法要求学⽣…，⽂中提到：Sharkespeare 确实有益于⼉童的识字和
情感发展。但前提是你把他演出来。 ⼀项研究发现，教授莎⼠⽐亚的“排
练室”⽅法拓宽了⼉童的词汇量和写作的复杂性，以及他们的情感素养。所
以要求学⽣去表演，演的是莎⼠⽐亚的剧作。
22. The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether
A. the change in instruction enhances learning outcomes.
B. expanding vocabulary helps develop reading fluency.
英语（一）试题及解析 第10页（共35页）C. emotion affects understanding of sophisticated works.
D. the classroom activity stimulates interest in the arts.
【22】C. emotion affects understanding of sophisticated works.
解析：该题为细节题，问 该研究将学生分为两组，为了找出是否……，
⽂中并未完全提到⽬的，但是我们可以通过⽂中的研究结果去推测研究的
⽬的，研究结果显示：⽬标群体被安排了⼀个30分钟的戏剧活动来配合这
段话。⽬标学⽣群体利⽤了更⼴泛的词汇量，使⽤了 “被归类为更复杂或
更稀有 ”的单词，并且写作的篇幅更⼤。他们还“似乎更愿意以⻆⾊写作......
当 [Control] 学⽣想象他们⾃⼰对遭遇海难的反应时，[TARGET] ⼉童将
⾃⼰置于⽂学⼈物的⽴场上并表达该⼈物的情感。，可以看出⽬标群体由
于受到⼈物的情绪影响，⽽表达更好。
23. Control pupils reliance on
A. weakness in description.
B. omission of small details.
C. casual style of whiting.
D. preference for big words.
【23】A. weakness in description. 解析： 该题为细节题，问 控制的学
⽣依赖于…，⽂中提到： 控制的学⽣依赖于棕榈树等“荒岛陈词滥调”，⽽
英语（一）试题及解析 第11页（共35页）⽬标学⽣则“更具表现⼒ [给出] 更⼴阔的天空、海洋和⼤⽓条件。所以体
现了描述有弱点。
24. What can promote children's emotional literacy according to
O'Hanlon?
A. writing in an imaginative manner.
B. Identifying with literary characters.
C. Drawing inspiration from nature.
D. Concentrating on real - life situations.
【24】B. Identifying with literary characters. 解析： 该题为细节题，
问 根据O'Hanlon的说法，什么可以促进⼉童的情感素养，⽂中提到 “情
感理解⾮常明显，这可能与 [排练室过程] 有关，你习惯于试图想象⾃⼰
的⽅式。他们很擅⻓描述不同的情绪状态，你在戏剧中所做的部分⼯作就
是设⾝处地为⾃⼰着想，所以⽂学⼈物促进⼉童情感的素养。
25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A. the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare.
B. the language of Shakespeare may be formidable for pupils.
C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education.
英语（一）试题及解析 第12页（共35页）D. pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists.
【25】C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education.
解析： 该题为推理题，问最后两段能够推测出什么？⽂中提到：但这种效
果能否在任何其他剧作家的作品中复制呢？奥汉隆表示，虽然还需要更多
的研究来验证，……。体现了其他古典剧作家也可能会纳入小学教育中。
Text 2
26.The author expressed great surprise at some scientists'
A. unwillingness to cut carbon emissions
B.intention to reduce their research
C. suspicions about sustainable energy
D. Waste of electricity in their projects.
【26】B.intention to reduce their research 解析：该题为细节题，问“对
于科学家的哪⽅⾯，作者表达了惊讶”。⽂中提到，“最近，我很震惊地发
现，⼀些科学家想要缩减研究规模，以减少碳排放”（I was shocked to learn
recently that some scientists want to scale back their research.) 因此，科学家
“意图减少研究”让作者惊讶，故答案为B.
27. The author believes that carbon emissions from research
英语（一）试题及解析 第13页（共35页）A. have caused grave consequences.
B. have aroused groundless worries.
C. are hard to handle at present.
D. are justifiable in the long run.
【27】D. are justifiable in the long run. 解析：该题为细节题，问 “作
者认为，研究所产⽣的碳排放，怎么了”。⽂中提到，“技术研究的碳排放
是物有所值的：最终，这项研究将保护我们星球的未来”（ The carbon
emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research
will safeguard the future of our planet.）。因此，作者认为研究所带来的碳排
放，是能给地球带来⻓期价值的，即“在⻓期看来是合理的”，故答案为D。
28. The example of Green in Paragraph 5 is used to illustrate
A. the achievements of great scientists.
B. the urgency of addressing climate change.
C. the rewards of scientific endeavors.
D. the value of fostering human ingenuity.
【28】D. the value of fostering human ingenuity. 解析：该题为例证题，
问“第五段格林的例⼦被⽤来说明什么”。⽂中指出，格林是千禧年科技奖
的获得者，他发明了钝化发射极和后电池技术，该技术被运⽤在太阳能板
英语（一）试题及解析 第14页（共35页）上，能极⼤地减少世界⼆氧化碳的排放。此外，结合第5段1句论点句，
该句指出“千禧年科技奖的⽬的是“认可科学和⼯程所带来的希望”，该奖项
旨在颂扬⼈类的创造⼒；结合该论点句和论据可知，格林的例⼦旨在说明
“培养⼈类创造⼒的价值，故答案为D。
29. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that LUMI
A. is a model of sustainability efforts.
B. is a triumph against energy shortage.
C. owes much to global net-zero initiatives.
D. aims to explore the power of intelligence.
【29】A. is a model of sustainability efforts. 解析：该题为细节题，问
“从最后两段了解到 LUMI 什么信息”。⽂中提到，LUMI 是⼀个伟⼤的例
⼦，它是芬兰的最⼤型的超级计算机，它实现的负碳（“碳吸收量⼤于碳排
放量”）效率令⼈惊讶。它位于⼀家古⽼的造纸⼚内，由附近的河流提供动
⼒，其热量为居住在 Kajaani 镇周围的⼈们带来了温暖。此外，尾段也提
到“我们必须认真思考如何提供可持续的计算并提供更多的LUMI。” 结合
两处可知，LUMI 实现了能源的可持续利⽤，是⼀个应该效仿的榜样，故
答案为A。
英语（一）试题及解析 第15页（共35页）30.Which of the following statements would the author agree with？
A. Emission-free modelling demands extra funding.
B. The need for supercomputer is difficult to meet.
C. Energy-intensive research work is inevitable.
D. The goals of researchers ought to be realistic.
【30】C. Energy-intensive research work is inevitable. 解析：该题为
主旨题，问“作者会同意以下哪项说法“。⽂中开篇指出科研会消耗能量、
排放⼆氧化碳；之后转折，明确指出科学研究，尽管会产⽣⼆氧化碳，⻓
期看来，是有价值且值得的；随后，⽂章提出需要展示科研的价值、并通
过例⼦说明了科学研究已经发挥的价值，尤其是对可持续能源⽅⾯所推动
的进步；最后指出我们需要通过科研，加强推动可持续能源的进步。即⻓
期看来，科研能推动可持续能源⽅⾯的进步，推动⼈类前进，但⽬前需要
消耗能源的科学研究是⽆法避免的，故答案为C。
Text 3
31. According to Paragraph l, legitimate streaming services
A. have drawn lessons from Hollywood.
B. have surpassed cable in revenue.
C. are unpopular with advertisers.
英语（一）试题及解析 第16页（共35页）D. are confronted with a real threat.
【31】D. are confronted with a real threat. 解析：该题为细节题，问“合
法的流媒体服务怎么样了”。⽂中指出，好莱坞⼀直以来难以在流媒体⽅⾯
获得利润，并担⼼流媒体服务将难以会像有线电视⼀样盈利。随后，⽂中
指出⾮法流媒体违法获得视频资源，并⼤量盈利。由此可知，⾮法流媒体
给合法流媒体服务造成了极⼤威胁，故答案为D。
32. It can be learned that streamers like Netflix
A. played a part in the fight against illegal file-sharing
B. reaped benefits from the war with digital pirates.
C. promised to become big job creators in the US.
D. used to collaborate with file-uploading platforms.
【32】A. played a part in the fight against illegal file-sharing 解析：
该题为细节题，问“可以了解到像Netflix之类的流媒体怎么样。” ⽂中指出，
“起初，像 Netflix 之类的合法线上公司抑制了数字盗版，⽽数字盗版绝⼤
部分是以上传⽂件为基础的“，由此可知，Netflix 曾经打击过⾮法盗版，
故答案为A。
33. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the MPA
英语（一）试题及解析 第17页（共35页）A. was denied cooperation by Silicon Valley.
B. led a national protest against online piracy.
C. was urged to form an enforcement task force.
D. failed to win support from local authorities.
【33】B. led a national protest against online piracy. 解析：该题为细
节推断题，问“从第4段能推断出MPA怎么了”。⽂中指出，MPA2012年没
能够促成好莱坞和硅⾕达成共识，以让国会通过阻⽌线上盗版的⽴法。⽽
2017年，MPA建⽴了ACE，⼀个执法⼯作组。由此可知，MPA被敦促形
成执法⼯作组，故答案为C。
34. According to Hawley, digital piracy
A. cannot be checked in spite of new legislation.
B. will possibly overwhelm legitimate streamers.
C. is unlikely to diminish in the near future.
D. has been underestimated by some analysts.
【34】C. is unlikely to diminish in the near future. 解析：该题为细节
题，问“根据Hawley，数字盗版怎么样”。⽂中提到，Steve Hawley说，“尽
管⼀些乐观的声⾳认为，数字盗版可能会在2027 年处于停滞状态，但是，
关于盗版到底何时开始下降，还未达成共识”。由此可知，短期内，数字盗
英语（一）试题及解析 第18页（共35页）版现象不太可能下降，故答案为C。
35. Which of the following is emphasized in the text?
A. The need to coordinate anti-piracy action.
B. The criminal nature of copyright violation.
C. The prospect of eliminating online piracy.
D. The economic harm from illegal streaming.
【35】D. The economic harm from illegal streaming. 解析：该题为主
旨题，问“⽂章强调了以下哪⼀点”。⽂章开篇指出⾮法流媒体获取⼤额利
润，给美国经济收⼊带来巨⼤损失，减少了⼈们的⼯作机会；随后之后，
数字盗版是有组织的犯罪；最后预测，⾮法流媒体服务从2022年带来的累
计损失，在接下来的两年会达到1130亿美元。综上可知，⽂章强调的是⾮
法的流媒体服务所带来的经济伤害，故答案选D。
Text 4
36. The author mentions the artifacts from the past to
A. introduce the collection old antiques.
B. contrast them with everyday
C. bring up the issue of preservation
英语（一）试题及解析 第19页（共35页）D. comment on their historical value
【36】C bring up the issue of preservation 解析： 该题为例证题，问
作者提到过去的⽂物是为了，⽂中提到：你是否思考过⽆形格式和数字信
息的⽣命周期，考虑到那些制作这些⽂物的⼈很少为它们的⻓期保存做出
安排？（"Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital
information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make
provision for their long-term preservation?"）所以作者提到过去的⽂物是为了
提出⽂物保护的问题，因为许多数字信息和⽆形格式的创作往往没有考虑
到⻓期保存的问题，制作这些⽂物的⼈很少为其未来的保存做安排。
37. Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts
A. are less subject to their creators' neglect.
B. convey information in a more direct way.
C. require more intentional preservation.
D. are less likely to suffer serious damage.
【37】D are less likely to suffer serious damage 解析： 该题为细节题，
问与数字物品相⽐，有形⽂物，⽂中提到：⼏千年来，我们所知的知识正
是依靠那些保存下来的⽂物，尽管它们的原始创造者常常忽视了保存⼯作
（"For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have
英语（一）试题及解析 第20页（共35页）survived, often despite their original creators’ neglect."）在创作时，并没有专
⻔的保存措施，但模拟材料（⼀些类似于纸质书籍、信件、胶带、录⾳带
等）有机会得以保存，并作为历史记录为传记作家、历史学家和⼩说家提
供依赖（"At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional
preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the
historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on."）即使数字
物品得以保存，也可能只是保存了载体，⽽不是信息本⾝。随着技术的发
展，格式变得过时，物品就变得毫⽆⽤处（"Even when a digital object is
preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As
technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless."）所
以数字物品如果不进⾏适当的保存（如格式迁移），随着时间的推移，可
能会因技术的变化⽽⽆法读取或丢失，⽽有形⽂物则可以保存下来，因此
与数字物品相⽐，有形⽂物更不容易受到严重的损害。
38. According to Paragraph 3, librarians' work result in
A. oversupply of materials .
B. undervaluation of libraries.
C. researchers' underperformance.
D. users' overreliance on technology.
英语（一）试题及解析 第21页（共35页）【38】B undervaluation of libraries 解析： 该题为细节题，问根据第
三段，图书馆的⼯作导致了，⽂中提到：图书馆对今天的研究⼈员来说不
再那么重要时（"libraries are less vital for researchers today."）当谈到数字化
信息时，令⼈恐惧的答案可能是：如果不是图书馆员和档案管理员，那么
就没有⼈了（"When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer
can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one."）所以图书馆的⼯作导致
了对图书馆的低估。
39. The "ZIP disk" is cited as an example to show
A. the hazard of retrieving files through unusual means.
B. the infeasibility of constantly migrating digital assets.
C. the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats.
D. the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices.
【39】 C the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats 解
析： 该题为例证题，问ZIP硬盘被列为⼀个例⼦说明，⽂中提到：即使数
字物品得以保存，也可能只是保存了载体，⽽不是信息本⾝。随着技术的
发展，格式变得过时，物品就变得毫⽆⽤处（"Even when a digital object is
preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As
technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless."）所
英语（一）试题及解析 第22页（共35页）以是为了表明丢失过时格式信息的可能性。
40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the text?
A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
B. Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
C. Accessing databases is essential to researches.
D. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.
【40】D Keeping digital historical records is a challenge 解析： 该题
为主旨题，问以下哪个说法总结了⽂章，⽂中提到：现在需要做什么来确
保其可获得性，未来需要哪些规划（如格式迁移、固定性检查、备份）来
维持这种可获得性？也许⼏乎同样重要的是：需要做什么来提升可获得性？
（"What needs to be done to make it accessible now, and what future planning
is necessary (via format migration, fixity checks, backup) to maintain that
accessibility? Perhaps almost as important: what needs to be done to enhance
accessibility? "）所以是⽂章的中⼼是保存数字历史记录是⼀项挑战。
英语（一）试题及解析 第23页（共35页）Part B
A. Peters likes to photograph butterflies in a landscape, celebrating
the beauty of their surroundings as well as the insects themselves. His
pictures of a Glanville fritillary rising from the sea-pinks beside the
chalk cliffs of Compton Bay on the Isle of Wight are particularly
glorious. These take-off shots are even more challenging because they
require a wide-angle lens, which means he must be less than 2cm
from the butterfly. It’s incredibly difficult to get that close to a skittish,
sun-warmed insect. Unlike some photographers, who “cheat” by
keeping insects in a fridge to slow them down, Peters refuses to
tamper with wild butterflies.
B. Peters’ signature shot is a butterfly “take-off”, showing the
multiple wing-beats of one butterfly in one frame as it lifts off from a
flower. He uses a high-speed OM System which shoots 120 frames a
second.
C. Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with
mainland Europe and 80% are in decline, mostly because intensive
英语（一）试题及解析 第24页（共35页）chemical farming has reduced many species to tiny fragments of
habitat and small nature reserves. Global heating is benefiting some
species but others are too isolated to find suitable new habitat, and
gardening habits – paving over gardens and using pesticides – aren’t
helping either. Butterflies may not pollinate as many plants as wild
bees and hoverflies, but because British butterflies are the
best-studied group of insects in the world, they are an extremely
useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.
D. Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was
diagnosed with bowel cancer. “I was waiting for surgery, feeling
really ill, sitting in my garden. It was amazing weather and there were
painted lady butterflies everywhere,” he says. “They were a symbol
of fragile life, of hope and defiance, and something appealed to my
soul.”
E. That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a
massive challenge. He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000
shots to get one butterfly take-off sequence in focus. At such high
shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly
英语（一）试题及解析 第25页（共35页）in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands
of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly’s
likely flight-line—and catch it— in focus.
F. So what’s the appeal of a long, sweaty day in pursuit of an elusive,
fast-moving wild animal? “It just feels bloody brilliant,” says Peters.
“If I’ve had a full day of good encounters with butterflies, met
interesting butterfly people and I’ve got some good shots, that
becomes a vault in my spiritual bank. It’s a happy feeling.”
G. A children’s author and poet who had become a keen amateur
photographer, as Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if
he could capture them in flight. It swiftly became an obsession as he
recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer. In recent
summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to
photograph all 58 native species of butterfly, from the ubiquitous
small tortoiseshell to the rare and elusive high brown fritillary. Now
the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new
book.
英语（一）试题及解析 第26页（共35页）H. A butterfly takes off so quickly it is still impossible to react
quickly enough to capture that take-off but if he half-presses the
shutter, the camera saves the 70 previous frames before the moment
he actually takes the picture. “It’s time travel, so I don’t miss the
moment of take-off,” he says. After he’s captured the butterfly taking
off, he layers 10 to 15 frames together in Photoshop.
41. → 42. → C → 43. →H→ 44. → A → 45.
【41】D 本题需要找到整篇⽂章的⾸段。从时间顺序上看，D项开头有
明确的时间词Five years ago（五年前），可⽤于引出下⽂，且纵观所有选
项，虽然⼤部分中都提到了Peters这个⼈，但只有D项中是完整提及这个
⼈名 Andrew Fusek Peters。再者，结合 G 项中的 he recovered from a
successful operation to remove the cancer（他从⼀次成功的癌症切除⼿术中
恢复过来）倒推，其前⼀段应当会适当介绍与癌症相关的信息，⽽D项中
刚好提及Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed with bowel cancer（安德鲁·福
塞克·彼得斯被诊断出患有肠癌），故推测此题答案应为D项。
【42】G C 项已给出，此题需要找到 C 项前⾯的⼀段。C 项段⾸提及
Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with mainland Europe（与
英语（一）试题及解析 第27页（共35页）欧洲⼤陆相⽐，英国的蝴蝶种类相对较少），随后的整个段落都是围绕英
国蝴蝶种类少的原因以及研究英国蝴蝶的意义⽽展开。其他段落中涉及英
国蝴蝶的只有 G 项，其中提到 he has travelled the length and breadth of
Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly（他⾛遍了英国，拍摄
了所有58种本地蝴蝶），故推测此题答案应为G项。
【43】B 纵观剩余段落，都与彼得斯拍摄蝴蝶有关，B项开头就说Peters’
signature shot is a butterfly“take-off”（彼得斯的标志性镜头是蝴蝶“起⻜”），
随后介绍“起⻜”的镜头是怎样的、是怎么拍出来的，可以作为剩余段落的
总起段，故推测此题答案应为B项。
【44】E H项结尾说After he’s captured the butterfly taking off, he layers 10
to 15 frames together in Photoshop（在他捕捉到蝴蝶起⻜的瞬间后，他会在
Photoshop中将10到15张照⽚叠加在⼀起），⽽E项开头说That makes it
sound easy, and artificial（这听起来很容易，也很做作），其中的That正好
可以指代H项结尾谈及的照⽚处理技术。且A项已给出，本题需要找到A
项前⾯的段落，E项中提到Peters insists it is still a massive challenge（彼得
斯坚持认为这仍然是⼀个巨⼤的挑战），A项中的These take-off shots are
even more challenging（这些起跳镜头更具挑战性）可以与其进⾏衔接，故
推测此题答案应为E项。
英语（一）试题及解析 第28页（共35页）【45】F 本题需要找到A项后⾯的⼀段，A项开头就说到Peters likes to
photograph butterflies in a landscape（彼得斯喜欢在⻛景中拍摄蝴蝶），随
后整段都是在介绍彼得斯对拍摄蝴蝶的热情以及其中蕴含的挑战性。⽽ F
项开头说So what’s the appeal of a long, sweaty day in pursuit of an elusive,
fast-moving wild animal?（那么，为了追捕⼀种难以捉摸、⾏动迅速的野⽣
动物，花上漫⻓、汗流浃背的⼀天有什么吸引⼒呢？）随后介绍彼得斯的
回答，正好可以与A项中的内容相呼应，故推测此题答案应为F项。
Part C
【46】 Recent decades have seen science move into a convention
where engagement in the subject can only be done through
institutions such as a university.
考查知识点：定语从句；被动语态
参考译⽂：近⼏⼗年来，科学进⼊了⼀种惯例，即只有通过⼤学
等机构才能参与该学科的研究。
【47】But by utilising the natural curiosity of the general public it is
possible to overcome many of these challenges by engaging
non-scientists directly in the research process.
英语（一）试题及解析 第29页（共35页）考查知识点：形式主语；介词短语
参考译⽂：但是，利⽤公众天⽣的好奇⼼，让⾮科学家直接参与
研究过程，就有可能克服许多挑战。
【48】Scientists have employed a variety of ways to engage the
general public in their research, such as making data analysis into an
online game or sample collection into a smartphone application.
考查知识点：省略结构
参考译⽂：科学家们采⽤了多种⽅式让公众参与研究，例如将数
据分析制作成在线游戏，或将样本采集制作成智能⼿机应⽤程序。
【49】These groups of people are part of a rapidly expanding
biotechnological social movement of citizen scientists and
professional scientists seeking to take discovery out of institutions
and put it into the hands of anyone with the enthusiasm.
考查知识点：并列结构；后置定语
英语（一）试题及解析 第30页（共35页）参考译⽂：这些⼈群是公⺠科学家和专业科学家迅速扩⼤的⽣物
技术社会运动的⼀部分，他们试图将发现带出机构，交到任何有
热情的⼈⼿中。
【50】They pool resources, collaborate, think outside the box, and
find solutions and ways around obstacles to explore science for the
sake of science without the traditional boundaries of working inside a
formal setting.
考查知识点：并列结构；后置定语
参考译⽂：他们汇集资源、相互协作、跳出条条框框、寻找解决
⽅案和绕过障碍的⽅法，为科学本⾝⽽探索科学，摆脱了在正式
环境中⼯作的传统束缚。
英语（一）试题及解析 第31页（共35页）Section IV Writing
Part A
【47】Read the following email from your classmate Paul and write
him a reply.
Dear Li Ming,
I was really excited to hear that you’d invite some craftsmen to
demonstrate their innovative craft-making on campus. May I know
more about what they’ll show?
Also, I’d like to help with your preparation work. Please let me know
what I can do.
Yours,
Paul.
参考范⽂
Dear Paul,
Thank you so much for your enthusiastic response! I’m glad to
hear that you’re excited about the craftsmen demonstration event and
I am writing to share some information about it.
Each artist will give a detailed demonstration of their craft,
explaining the history and significance behind their methods.
英语（一）试题及解析 第32页（共35页）Afterward, attendees will have the opportunity to try their hand at
these crafts, allowing them to experience the techniques firsthand. We
hope this will not only showcase their skills but also inspire creativity
among the students. Additionally, they can gain a better appreciation
of the arts as well as foster a deeper connection to traditional
craftsmanship in modern times.
I am looking forward to your participation. If you’re available, it
would be great if you could assist with setting up the event space and
promoting the demonstrations to other students.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
【48】Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you
should
1) describe the chart briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer in 160–200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20
英语（一）试题及解析 第33页（共35页）points)
年份 空调（台） 洗⾐机（台） 电冰箱（台）
2014 75.2 83.7 85.5
2017 96.1 91.7 95.3
2020 117.1 96.7 101.8
2023 145.9 98.2 103.4
近年来全国居⺠平均每百户每年来主要耐⽤消费品拥有量
参考范⽂
In recent years, the ownership of durable goods per 100
households in China has undergone a significant increase. From 2014
to 2023, air conditioners rose sharply from 75.2 to 145.9 units, nearly
doubling, while washing machines increased modestly from 83.7 to
98.2 units, and refrigerators climbed from 85.1 to 103.4 units.
Evidently, air conditioners witnessed the most pronounced surge
among these categories.
This remarkable growth can be attributed to several critical
drivers. The rapid pace of economic development, coupled with
increasing disposable incomes, has stimulated demand for enhanced
英语（一）试题及解析 第34页（共35页）comfort and convenience in daily life, with air conditioners especially
meeting the growing need to cope with changing weather conditions.
Moreover, technological advancements have reduced production costs
and diversified product features, making durable goods both more
affordable and attractive to consumers spanning various income
levels. Additionally, government programs, like energy-saving
subsidies and measures to encourage consumer spending, have helped
expand the market by making these goods more affordable for
families. Collectively, these factors highlight the many reasons behind
the growing ownership of durable goods in China.
Overall, this trend reflects improved living standards and
optimized consumption patterns. However, it also underscores the
importance of focusing on the environmental performance of durable
goods. To achieve sustainable development, the government and
businesses should prioritize technological innovation, enhance energy
efficiency, and promote green consumption practices.
英语（一）试题及解析 第35页（共35页）
