Unit 6 When was it invented?
第7 讲
适用学科
初中英语
适用年级
九年级
适用区域
人教版区域
课时时长（分钟）
120
知识点
一般过去时的被动语态
教学目标
1.
知识与技能目标：
1）掌握一般过去时被动语态
2）掌握必记单词：project style 等；掌握常考短语：take place 等；掌握经典句型When
was the telephone invited? 等。
2.过程与方法：
1）能听懂发明物的对话和短文
2）能简单介绍某一发明
3.情感态度与价值观：
热爱伟大的人类发明，让生活更有意义。
教学重点
一般过去时的被动语态
教学难点
不同时态的被动语态
教学过程
一、导入
T: When was the zipper invented?
S: It was invented in 1893.
T:Who was it invented by?
概述
S:It was invented by…
二、知识讲解
知识点1
pleasure
(1) 名词，意为“高兴；愉快”。
如：It is a pleasure to hear her sing.
(2) With pleasure. 非常乐意。
It’s my pleasure.不客气。
知识点2
list
(1) 动词，意为“列表；列清单”。
如：She listed all the things she had to do.
(2) 名词，意为“名单；清单”，是可数名词。
如：I didn’t see my name on the list.
(3) make a list 列表；列清单
知识点3
mention
(1) 动词，意为“提到；说到”。短语：mention doing sth.提及做某事。
如：I hope you didn’t mention my name to her.
(2) 名词，意为“提及；说起”。
如：There was no mention of the matter in your letter.
(3) Don’t mention it.意为“不用谢，不客气！”或“没关系！”
知识点4
smell
(1) 名词，意为“气味”。
如：This flower hasn’t much smell.
(2) 动词，意为“闻到，发出……气味，闻起来”。
如：The flower smells sweet.
知识点5
somebody
(1) 代词或名词，意为“某人，重要人物”，常用于肯定句或委婉语气的疑问句中。
如：There is somebody knocking at the door.
(2) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Somebody is singing in the next room.
知识点6
辨析nearly 与almost
(1) 两者都有“几乎；差不多”的意思。
(2) nearly 前可用very，pretty，not 等词修饰，但almost 前不可用；
(3) almost 可用于any 以及no，nobody，never 等否定词之前，但nearly 前不可用。
如：It’s not nearly so difficult as you think.
Almost no one came to the party.
知识点7
be used for doing sth.被用于做某事
be used for doing sth.意为“被用于做某事”，相当于be used to do sth.。
如：Do you know what this tool is used for?
The computer is used to control all the machines.
知识点8
辨析take place 与happen
(1) 两者都可指“发生”。
(2) take place 指有计划地发生，happen 指偶然发生。
如：The opening of the play will take place tomorrow.
What happened to you last night?
知识点9
一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态
肯定形式：主语+was/were +done+其他
否定形式：主语+was/were not +done +其他
疑问句式：Was/ were +主语+done +其他？
如：A letter was written by her last night.
Those books weren’t put away by Jim. They were put away by Lucy.
Were the windows broken an hour ago?
知识点10
sour
(1) 形容词，意为“酸的”。
如：Lemon is sour.
(2) 动词，意为“变酸”。
如：The milk has soured.
知识点11
Canadian
(1) 形容词，意为“加拿大的；加拿大人的”。
(2) 名词，意为“加拿大人……
如：He is a Canadian boy.
(3) Canada 是名词，意为“加拿大”。
知识点12
divide
(1) 动词，意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开，常与into 连用。
(2) divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。
如：The exam is divided into two parts.
知识点13
hero
(1) 名词，意为“英雄；男主角”，其复数形式是heroes。
如：The whole school turn out to welcome the PLA heroes.
(2) 以o 结尾的名词变复数时加es 的有：
hero, tomato, potato
知识点14
salty enough
(1) 意为“足够咸”。
(2) enough 修饰形容词或副词，应该后置。
如：He is old enough to look after himself.
知识点15
in the end
(1) 意为“最后，终于”。
(2) 相当于at last 或finally。
如：In the end, he passed the exam.
知识点16
more than 超过；多余
(1) 意为“超过；多余”。
(2) 相当于over，其反义词是less than。
如：My grandpa is more than seventy years old.
知识点17
stop…from doing sth.
(1) 意为“阻止……做某事”。
(2) 主动语态中，from 可以省略。
如：The heavy rain stopped us from arriving there on time.
知识点18
come up with
(1) 意为“想出，提出”。
(2) 不能用于被动语态，相当于think up。
如：He came up with a good idea.
知识点19
辨析the number of 与a number of
(1) the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The number of the teachers in our school is 300.
(2) a number of 意为“许多；大量”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：A number of students get to school by bus.
例题1
【题干】---So kind of you to give a ride to the station.
---________.
A. It doesn’t matter.
B. Never mind.
C. Don’t mention it.
D. My pleasure.
例题2
【题干】The Olympic Games of 2016 will ________ Brazil.
A. take after
B. take off
C. take place
D. take away
三、例题精析
例题3
【题干】His new book ________ into French as soon as it came out.
A. was translated
B. translated
C. is translated
D. translates
例题4
【题干】______ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you.
A. Somebody
B. Anybody
C. Everybody
D. Nobody
例题5
【题干】This movie wasn’t ________. He fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough
B. enough interesting
C. interested enough
D. enough interested
例题6
【题干】A year has four seasons and it ________ twelve different star signs.
A. divided into
B. is dividing into
C. divided into
D. is divided into
例题7
【题干】Don’t drink the soup. It smells ________.
A. nice
B. delicious
C. salty
D. terrible
例题8
【题干】Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be
B. am
C. is
D. are
四、课堂运用
基础
1. This listening CD-ROMs ________ well.
A. sells
B. sell
C. is sold
D. are sold
2. Anna is going on a tour of Xi’an, and she wants to ________ Chinese history.
A. dream of
B. learn about
C. look through
D. pass on
3. It will ________ them several years to learn English well.
A. cost
B. take
C. spend
D. pay
4. ---So kind of you to give a ride to the station.
---________.
A. It doesn’t matter.
B. Never mind.
C. Don’t mention it.
D. My pleasure.
5. The Olympic Games of 2016 will ________ Brazil.
A. take after
B. take off
C. take place
D. take away
6. His new book ________ into French as soon as it came out.
A. was translated
B. translated
C. is translated
D. translates
巩固
1. — The 20th World Cup_____ in Brazil, right?
— Yes. It _____this summer.
A. held; took place
B. was held; was taken place
C. held; was taken place
D. was held; took place
2. — Michael Jackson was called the king of pop, wasn’t he?
— Of course. He _____by people all over the world.
A. was looked up
B. was looked up to
C. looked up
D. looked up to
3. — Was table tennis invented by the Chinese?
— No. It ______in China until the start of the 20th century.
A. played
B. was played
C. didn’t play
D. wasn’t played
4. — Do you know _____ in ancient China?
— I have no idea. But I know people once used tree leaves to make paper.
A. how paper was made B. how was paper made
C. what paper was made
D. what was paper made
5. — Many thanks for what you’ve done for us.
—_______..
A. Don’t mention it
B. Never mind
C. That’s right
D. You seem to have a point
拔高
1. To plan your time better, you can make a _____of the things you need to do first.
A. list
B. project
C. number
D. lot
2. — How dangerous!
— Yeah. The bus _____ hit the car just now.
A. clearly
B. normally
C. nearly
D. mostly
3. — Can we pick some oranges to eat?
— Can’t you see that they are green? They must be ____
A. sweet
B. salty
C. hot
D. sour
4. — If the Japanese football team had a match with the German football team, which do you think
would win?
— The German team would win without any _____
. It’s a much better team.
A. hope
B. secret
C. interest
D. doubt
5. — Why do many people buy things online on the 11th of November every year?
— Because there are many sales. The prices are _______.
A. much cheaper
B. much lower
C. more expensive
D. much higher
五、课堂小结
重要单词、词组句型
固定结构
1.
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
2.
take one’s place to do sth 代替某人做某事= take the place of sb to do sth
3.
teach sb to sth 教某人做某事
4.
teach sb sth 教某人某事
5.
stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
prevent sb from doing sth
/
keep sb from doing
sth
6.
keep ….. doing
sth 使……. 持续做某事
7.
look up to sb 仰慕某人
敬仰某人
8.
look down upon sb
蔑视某人小瞧某人
9.
lead
sb
to + 地点
把… 带到…..
10. keep in touch with sb 和某人保持联系
基础语法
1．带双宾语的主动句变被动态
①通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变
He told a story
→We are told a story by (him)
My father gave me a new pen →I was given a new pen by my father
②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前要加to(在send, pass, write, give, show, bring 等词之
后) 或for（在buy, cook, make, order, choose 等词之后）
My father bought me a pen →A pen was bought for me (by my father)
Jack passed Tom the ball →The ball was passed
to Tom (by Jack)
7.
含复合宾语的主动句变为被动句
①
含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，要将其中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语不变。
My teacher asked me to help them →I was asked to help them by my teacher
②
一些感官等词和使役动词如：hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have, help 等词后面
的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去to，但变为被动语态时，动词不定式（符号）to 要加上。
Tom’s mother makes Tom stay at home on weekends
Tom is made to stay at home on weekends (by his mother )
3. seem +adj.
seem + 不定式
seem + that + 表语从句
She is
happy = She to be happy = It seems (that) she is happy
8.
make + 宾语+ 宾语补足语（keep 有类似用法）
The teacher makes his class very interesting (adj.)
Tom’s mother makes Tom stay at home on weekends (动词不定式)
4.It is said that
据说…
有人说…
It 为形式主语that 引导的从句是真正的主语。
It is said that people can live to be 120 years old in the future
类似的句子有: It is
believed that 据认为…
It is known that 众所周知…
It is reported that 据报道…
It is supposed that 据猜测…
六、课后作业
基础
1. — How nice the fish ______!
— Really? I am sure you’ll like it better if you try some.
A. smells
B. feels
C. tastes
D. sounds
2. — Sorry, sir. But is this umbrella yours?
— Oh, sorry. I just took it_____. Mine is under the seat.
A. for yourself
B. by mistake
C. in person
D. at last
3. — The 20th World Cup ______ in Brazil, right?
— Yes. It _____ this summer.
A. held; took place
B. was held; was taken place
C. held; was taken place
D. was held; took place
4.
_____is said that Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.
A. This
B. That
C. One
D. It
5. — I think the toothbrush is the greatest invention because we use it every day.
— You do seem to have a _______.
A. way
B. rest
C. point
D. look
巩固
完形填空
When Amy was in middle school, she did everything
1 , because nobody wanted to make friends with her. Her
classmates always
2
her big glasses, ugly teeth and old clothes. When she heard other students talking and
laughing, she felt
3 . One day after school, when Amy was leaving the classroom, a girl walked up to her and
4
her to the skating party. The girl was Linda. She was a new student. Amy
5 , though she couldn’t skate at all. At the
party, Linda taught Amy to skate and
6
most of the time with her. From then on, Linda and Amy became good
friends. With the help of Linda, Amy was no longer
7
and she became confident.
Amy doesn’t see Linda
8
the school year. Sometimes she feels guilty (内疚的)
9
she never says thanks
to Linda. Amy has put some information about Linda on her microblog (微博). She
10
to find Linda with others’
help. She really wants to thank the outgoing girl for inviting her to the party and helping her have a better school
life.
(
)1.
A. actually
B. together
C. alone
D. lonely
(
)2.
A. took pride in
B. argued with
C. laughed at
D. cared about
(
)3.
A. happy
B. sad
C. excited
D. comfortable
(
)4.
A. invited
B. took
C. noticed
D. suggested
(
)5.
A. answered
B. offered
C. refused
D. agreed
(
)6.
A. took
B. spent
C. paid
D. cost
(
)7.
A. energetic
B. noisy
C. lonely
D. ugly
(
)8.
A. as
B. till
C. after
D. before
(
)9.
A. because
B. so
C. but
D. and
(
)10.
A. dreams
B. interests
C. enjoys
D. expects
拔高
根据要求完成短文写作。
某中学生英语网站就“生活幸福感”开展了一次调查活动，请根据以下要点内容，写一篇短文上传到该网
站。
生活现状
幸福感
你对未来的展
望
城市人口
多、交通拥
挤、环境污
染严重、就
业压力大。
感到幸福：独
生子女，受父
母疼爱；居住
区很干净、环
境优美。
……
要求：
1. 包含所有要点内容，但不要逐字翻译，可适当运用过渡词句，使短文通顺、连贯；
2. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
I live in a big city with a large population.
