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雅思阅读真题精读|A study of western celebrity:一篇吃透 Heading、匹配与填空

雅思阅读真题精读|A study of western celebrity:一篇吃透 Heading、匹配与填空

✍️ 上期打卡答案

上期我们留的表达是:

provide the foundation for...

为……奠定基础

参考答案

A strong vocabulary can provide the foundation for better performance in IELTS reading and writing.扎实的词汇基础可以为雅思阅读和写作取得更好的表现奠定基础。

也可以写:

Good reading habits can provide the foundation for long-term language development.良好的阅读习惯可以为长期语言能力发展奠定基础。

常见错误

❌ provide foundation for...

这个表达通常使用:provide the foundation for...

❌ provide the foundation for improve English

for 是介词,后面接:名词 / 名词短语 / V-ing

另外一个非常常见的同义表达是:lay the foundation for...

好,今天继续精读 ↓

📖 今日真题

A study of western celebrity

Reading Passage 2

Questions 14–20:List of HeadingsQuestions 21–23:历史时期匹配Questions 24–26:Summary 填空

共 13 题

建议:先限时完成整篇,再回来跟着精读。

🧭 先看文章主线

这篇文章按照时间顺序,讲了西方社会中“名人”这一概念是如何不断变化的:

古罗马 → 古希腊罗马 → 黑暗时代 → 文艺复兴→ 出版时代 → 广播电视时代

阅读时始终抓住三个问题:

什么时期 + 什么人成为名人 + 为什么

01|Paragraph A

A study of western celebrity

In our celebrity-obsessed culture, TV shows, internet blogs, and even newspapers are often full of

the latest news, gossip and scandals about current celebrities

(A) It seems that our current society cannot get enough information about the daily lives of celebrities. But how did celebrities become such an important force in our culture? While people have always shared a certain obsession with the fantastic and the famous, the notion of celebrity, as well as the types of people termed 'celebrities', has evolved greatly throughout the ages. The word 'celebrity' has its roots in the language of the ancient Roman civilization. The word we now know to mean 'a condition of being famous' or 'a famous person' is derived from the Latin word 'celeber', meaning 'frequented or populous'.

段落大意

现代意义上的 celebrity 与古罗马时期这个词最初的含义已经发生了很大变化。本段主要介绍:celebrity 一词的起源和原始含义。

celebrity-obsessed痴迷名人的

obsession with...对……的痴迷

notion概念,观念

evolve逐渐发展,演变

have its roots in...起源于……

be derived from...源自……

本段最重要的句子逻辑是:

> the notion of celebrity ... has evolved greatly throughout the ages

也就是:

celebrity 这个概念随着时代发生了很大变化。

后文紧接着开始解释:

> 这个词来自哪里?> 原来是什么意思?

因此整段的中心不是现代 celebrity,而是:

它最初的定义和词源。

### 🎯 Q14

正确 Heading:

x The original definition of celebrity

定位信息:

> has its roots in...

以及:

> derived from the Latin word...

这两组都在讲:

词源 + 原始含义

✅ Q14:x

### 为什么不是 i?

i 的意思是:

> 为什么有必要解释 celebrity 这个词的含义。

但原文并没有讨论:

为什么“有必要”解释。

作者是在直接告诉我们:

它原来是什么意思。

### Heading 提醒

做 Heading 时要区分:

段落在讲什么

和:

作者为什么要讲它

这两个并不是一回事。

如今的社会似乎永远看不够有关名人日常生活的信息。但名人究竟是怎样成为我们文化中如此重要的一股力量的呢?

虽然人们一直对非凡人物和名人抱有某种程度的迷恋,但“名人”这一概念,以及被称为“名人”的人群类型,在历史发展过程中已经发生了巨大变化。

“celebrity”一词的根源可以追溯到古罗马文明的语言。我们现在用来表示“成名的状态”或“名人”的这个词,来源于拉丁语 celeber,原意是“人来人往的”或“人口众多的”。

02|Paragraph B

(B) The celebrities of the ancient world were the powerful and awesome deities of Greece and Rome, and the citizens of these civilizations believed in a vast number of immortals who had a direct impact on their lives. It was, therefore, important to know about these figures' personal lives. This need to know led to the creation of myths, which personalized the gods and involved them in ancient celebrity scandals that thrilled and excited the common people.

段落大意

古代世界最早的“名人”其实是希腊和罗马的神祇。人们相信这些神会直接影响自己的生活,因此产生了大量关于他们的故事和神话。

deity神,神祇

immortal不死的存在;神

have a direct impact on...对……产生直接影响

myth神话

personalize使人格化

scandal丑闻

### 🎯 Q15

正确 Heading:

ii The influence of non-human celebrities on societies

原文写:

> deities> immortals

Heading 把它们进一步抽象概括为:

non-human celebrities

而:

> had a direct impact on their lives

对应:

influence ... on societies

✅ Q15:ii

### Heading 提醒

Heading 里的抽象词,不一定会原词出现在文章。

比如:

> gods / deities / immortals> ↓non-human celebrities

---

### 🎯 Q22

题目:

> Stories are invented about celebrities' lives.

原文:

> the creation of myths

逻辑完全对应:

> 创造神话> ↓> 编造关于这些名人的故事

时期:

✅ Q22:A — Ancient times

### 同义替换

creation of myths> ↔ stories are invented

古代世界的名人是希腊和罗马那些强大而令人敬畏的神祇。

这些文明中的人相信有大量不死的神灵会直接影响他们的生活,因此了解这些神灵的私人生活非常重要。

这种了解的需要促成了神话的产生。神话赋予神灵更加人格化的形象,并把他们卷入各种古代的“名人丑闻”之中,这些故事令普通民众感到兴奋和着迷。

03|Paragraph C

(C) During ancient times, amateur and professional athletes also began to make an impact on the celebrity culture. Victors in the ancient Olympic Games were treated as heroes and were often elevated to god-like status. In the ancient Roman civilization, gladiators – the equivalent of today's professional athletes – were also revered by the common people for their heroics and seemingly superhuman strength.

段落大意

除了神祇,古代优秀运动员也开始成为名人,人们崇拜他们卓越的身体能力和运动成就。

athlete运动员

victor胜利者

elevate somebody to... status把某人提升到……地位

gladiator角斗士

revere尊敬,崇拜

superhuman超乎常人的

古代奥运会冠军:

> were treated as heroes

甚至:

> elevated to god-like status

罗马角斗士也因为:

> heroics> superhuman strength

受到普通人的崇敬。

整个段落反复出现的共同点就是:

身体表现 + 人们的崇拜

### 🎯 Q16

正确 Heading:

v Admiration for physical achievement

原文中的:

> athletes> Olympic victors> gladiators> superhuman strength

共同被概括成:

physical achievement

而:

> treated as heroes> revered

则共同对应:

admiration

✅ Q16:v

### Heading 思路

不要分别记:

> athlete / gladiator / strength

而要继续往上一层问:

这些具体信息共同属于什么概念?

答案就是:

> physical achievement

古代时期,业余和职业运动员也开始对名人文化产生影响。

古代奥运会的获胜者会被当作英雄,甚至常常被提升到近似神的地位。

在古罗马文明中,角斗士——相当于今天的职业运动员——同样因为他们的英雄表现和看似超乎常人的力量而受到普通人的崇敬。

04|Paragraph D

(D) As Europe moved into the Dark Ages (the years spanning approximately 400–1300 AD) and a time when athletics and the arts were largely forgotten, monarchs and rulers continued to maintain celebrity status, while religious figures took on newfound fame. The miraculous lives and fascinating deaths of spiritual figures lent excitement to the lives of common people when there was often little else to be excited about, as they faced war, disease and food shortages.

段落大意

黑暗时代战争、疾病和食物短缺频繁,普通人的生活非常艰难,因此宗教人物那些神奇的故事成为人们生活中的重要刺激。

the Dark Ages黑暗时代

monarch君主

religious / spiritual figure宗教人物

newfound fame新获得的名声

miraculous神奇的,奇迹般的

food shortage食物短缺

### 🎯 Q17

正确 Heading:

vii A result of hardship

原文最后列出:

> war> disease> food shortages

这三个具体困难,可以向上概括成:

hardship

逻辑是:

> war / disease / food shortages> ↓> 日常生活艰难、缺乏乐趣> ↓> spiritual figures 的故事变得格外吸引人

所以宗教人物名气增加,可以被概括成:

a result of hardship

✅ Q17:vii

### 易混词

hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/困苦,艰难

不要和:

worship崇拜,敬仰

混淆。

### 今天 Heading 最重要的一种改写

> war + disease + food shortages> ↓hardship

也就是:

多个具体信息 → 一个抽象概念

随着欧洲进入黑暗时代,大约从公元400年持续到1300年,体育和艺术在很大程度上被人们遗忘。

君主和统治者仍然保持着名人地位,而宗教人物则开始获得新的名声。

宗教人物神奇的一生以及引人入胜的死亡故事,为普通人的生活增添了刺激,因为当时人们经常面临战争、疾病和食物短缺,除此之外几乎没有什么值得兴奋的事情。

05|Paragraph E

(E) During the period 1300–1600 AD, or the Renaissance period as it is known, interest in ruling figures faded. As Europe emerged from its long neglect of the arts, there was greater appreciation for portraits, statues and stone carvings. This period of appreciation for the arts lent a sense of celebrity to artists who were noted for their works and their personal achievements. It was a time when artists began to surpass political and religious individuals for supreme celebrity – a trend that would continue into later centuries.

段落大意

文艺复兴时期,人们对统治者的关注下降,对艺术的重视增加,艺术家开始超越政治和宗教人物,成为新的名人。

Renaissance文艺复兴

ruling figure统治人物

fade逐渐减弱,消退

appreciation for...对……的欣赏、重视

be noted for...因……而闻名

surpass超过,超越

### 🎯 Q18

正确 Heading:

iv Creativity having greater value

原文:

> greater appreciation for portraits, statues and stone carvings

以及:

> artists began to surpass political and religious individuals

说明社会关注正在发生变化:

> rulers ↓> art / artists ↑

因此:

✅ Q18:iv

这里的 creativity,并不是直接出现的原词,而是对:

> portraits / statues / stone carvings / artists

的进一步概括。

---

### 🎯 Q23

题目:

> The fame of rulers is starting to diminish.

原文:

> interest in ruling figures faded

直接对应。

时期:

✅ Q23:C — Renaissance

### 同义替换

> interest ... faded> ↔ fame ... diminished

在公元1300至1600年的文艺复兴时期,人们对统治者的兴趣逐渐减退。

随着欧洲重新重视长期受到忽视的艺术,人们对肖像、雕像和石刻产生了更大的欣赏。

这种艺术热潮也让一些以作品和个人成就闻名的艺术家获得了名人地位。艺术家的名望开始超越政治和宗教人物,而且这种趋势在之后几个世纪仍在继续。

06|Paragraph F

(F) While the figures of the ancient and early modern civilizations were able to achieve moderate and sometimes lasting celebrity within particular cultures, the global reach of their fame was limited. It was not until the 1700s, when technological advances made publishing commercially viable, that the extent of a person's fame could spread further. The increase in the availability of the written word was accompanied by a huge rise in the number of common people who could read, allowing a mass audience to find out about celebrities for the first time. Suddenly, the lives of authors, politicians, war heroes, and other celebrities could now be read about in newspapers around the world. These gave ordinary people the opportunity to become intimately knowledgeable about the figures they most admired.

段落大意

18世纪出版业发展,再加上识字人口快速增长,使名人的影响第一次能够跨越地区,走向更广泛甚至全球的公众。

global reach全球影响范围

commercially viable在商业上可行的

availability可获得性

the written word书面文字,出版物

mass audience大众受众

intimately knowledgeable about...对……非常熟悉

本段有一个非常值得熟悉的强调结构:

It was not until... that...

意思:

直到……才……

整句的核心是:

> 直到18世纪出版技术的发展使商业出版成为可能,个人名声传播的范围才开始进一步扩大。

读这种句子时,可以先删掉强调框架:

> It was not until ... that ...

再抓真正的信息:

> fame could spread further

### 🎯 Q19

正确 Heading:

viii Literacy and widespread celebrity

Heading 本身已经给了两个核心概念。

#### ① Literacy

原文:

> common people who could read

也就是:

识字人口

#### ② widespread celebrity

原文反复出现:

> global reach> fame could spread further> mass audience

都说明:

名声传播范围扩大

✅ Q19:viii

### Heading 方法

这道题不是找一句完整对应,而是:

把段落中的两组信息分别对应到 Heading 的两个关键词。

---

### 🎯 Q24

Summary:

> become informed about their favourite figures by reading ______

原文:

> could now be read about in newspapers

✅ Q24:newspapers

古代和近代早期的人物虽然能够在特定文化中获得一定程度、甚至较为持久的名声,但他们的全球影响力仍然有限。

直到18世纪,技术进步使商业出版成为可能,个人名声的传播范围才开始进一步扩大。

书面文字越来越容易获得,同时识字的普通人大幅增加,大众第一次能够广泛了解名人。作家、政治家、战争英雄以及其他名人的生活开始出现在世界各地的报纸上。

07|Paragraph G

(G) In the modern era, particularly as radio and film took off in the 1900s, things really began to change. First, radio began to make its way into the average home in the 1920s and 1930s. Professional athletes also began to be regarded as stars, as their games and exploits could be broadcast over the air for an entirely new audience. Then, the rise of television in the 1950s only cemented the premier level of celebrity that film stars, athletes and television actors were beginning to share. This also meant a huge increase in the individual salaries of these celebrities. Even a few animals gained fame through children's TV shows. The emergence of reality television shows in the late 1990s allowed all kinds of people with little ability to enjoy a short burst of fame on the television screen. All you needed, it seemed, was an attractive appearance. Today, reality television programmers make it possible to be famous not for doing anything in particular, but simply for being, with the audience deciding whether someone deserves to become a celebrity or not. As the meaning of celebrity continues to evolve and redefine itself in a quickly changing world, there is no telling who will become of interest next.

段落大意

进入广播电视时代以后,名人的范围和成名方式发生巨大变化;到了真人秀时代,普通人甚至只靠外表和观众喜好也可以短暂成名。

take off迅速流行,快速发展

broadcast广播,播送

cement巩固,加强

premier level最高层级

emergence出现,兴起

a short burst of fame短暂的一阵名气

deserve to...值得……

### 🎯 Q20

正确 Heading:

iii The impact of broadcasting on concepts of celebrity

整段按照传播媒介继续变化:

> radio> film> television> reality television

而这些媒介改变的不只是:

> 名人传播得更广

还改变了:

谁能成为名人,以及靠什么成为名人

所以:

✅ Q20:iii

---

### 🎯 Q21

题目:

> A wide variety of people achieve a brief period of fame.

原文:

all kinds of people

对应:

a wide variety of people

原文:

a short burst of fame

对应:

a brief period of fame

时期:

✅ Q21:D — Modern era

---

### 🎯 Q25

Summary:

> a person's ______ rather than their talent can bring fame

原文:

> All you needed ... was an attractive appearance.

✅ Q25:appearance

---

### 🎯 Q26

Summary:

> fame may be entirely dependent on the response of the ______

原文:

> with the audience deciding whether someone deserves to become a celebrity

✅ Q26:audience

### 一组非常标准的同义改写

> all kinds of people> ↔ a wide variety of people

> a short burst of fame> ↔ a brief period of fame

到了现代,尤其是20世纪广播和电影迅速兴起之后,情况真正开始发生变化。

20世纪20至30年代,广播逐渐进入普通家庭,职业运动员的比赛和精彩表现能够通过广播传递给全新的受众,因此他们也开始被视为明星。

到了20世纪50年代,电视的兴起进一步巩固了电影明星、运动员和电视演员的顶级名人地位。甚至一些动物也通过儿童电视节目获得了名气。

20世纪90年代末真人秀兴起后,各种能力并不突出的人也可以在电视屏幕上获得短暂的名声。似乎只需要拥有吸引人的外表即可。

今天,真人秀甚至让一个人可以并非因为做了什么特别的事情,而只是因为“成为自己”而出名,最终由观众决定谁值得成为名人。

✅ 本篇答案汇总

Questions 14–20

14 x 15 ii 16 v 17 vii 18 iv 19 viii 20 iii

Questions 21–23

21 D — Modern era22 A — Ancient times23 C — Renaissance

Questions 24–26

24 newspapers 25 appearance 26 audience
📌 今日精读复盘

10 个值得带走的词 / 短语

have its roots in... 起源于……be derived from... 源自……deity 神,神祇immortal 不死的存在;神revere 崇敬,敬仰hardship 困苦,苦难appreciation for... 对……的欣赏、重视surpass 超过,超越commercially viable 在商业上可行的a short burst of fame 短暂的一阵名气

🔄 今日重点同义替换

deities / immortals↔ non-human celebritieswar + disease + food shortages↔ hardshipheroes / superhuman strength / athletes↔ physical achievementcreation of myths↔ stories are inventedruling figures faded↔ rulers' fame diminishedpeople who could read↔ literacyall kinds of people↔ a wide variety of peoplea short burst of fame↔ a brief period of fame
🎯 今天最值得记住的 Heading 方法

Heading 的同义替换,不一定都是:

一个单词 ↔ 一个单词

还有一种非常常见:

几个具体信息 → 一个抽象概念

wardiseasefood shortageshardship
deityimmortalnon-human celebrity

所以做 Heading 时,不要只在原文里寻找和选项“一模一样”的词。

要问:这一组具体信息,可以被题目概括成什么?

✍️ 今日作业打卡|把阅读输入变成写作输出

今天从文章里带走一个很好用的写作结构:

be accompanied by...

伴随着……;与……同时发生

这个结构很适合描述:

两个变化同时发生 / 一个现象伴随着另一个现象

参考例句Rapid economic growth is often accompanied by significant changes in people's lifestyles.经济快速增长通常伴随着人们生活方式的巨大变化。

轮到你啦:

用 be accompanied by... 自己造一个句子。

发在评论区打卡。

明天的推送继续公布:参考答案 + 常见错误点评

这里是「将来时」

每天用真实雅思材料一起练:

阅读精读 | 听力精听 | 写作拆解 | 口语表达

不只是知道答案。

更重要的是:

看懂原文,也看懂雅思是怎么从原文变成题目的。

将来时,从现在开始。

免责声明:本文所涉练习材料整理自网络公开的雅思考试回忆资料,仅用于英语学习与考试方法交流。相关材料版权归原权利人所有,如有侵权,请联系删除。本文内容仅为学习解析,不代表相关考试机构立场。

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