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独家原创:高中英语“话题写作(素材与运用)”系列56. 人与自然

独家原创:高中英语“话题写作(素材与运用)”系列56. 人与自然

话题类属:人与自然 之 自然生态

作者简介:深耕一线英语教学近40载;中考、高考命题研究专家;发表文章2000余篇;主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含:写作概述 + 核心词汇(分类别)+ 提分词块(分类别)+ 经典佳句(分类别)+ 优美语段(分类别)+ 素材运用(分文体)

◆写作概述

人与自然是英文写作中常涉及的经典且意义深远的话题。从整体框架来说,开篇通常要以引人入胜的方式引出主题,比如讲述一则近期人与自然冲突或和谐共处的新闻报道,像暴雨引发的城市内涝凸显排水系统与自然水循环关系的失衡,又或是某地野生动物救助站成功帮助濒危物种繁衍的暖心故事,借此抓住读者眼球,点明人与自然紧密相连。

主体部分,一方面可以阐述人类活动对自然的诸多影响。工业上,工厂长期排放未经处理的废气废水,严重污染空气与水资源,致使雾霾频现、河流生物大量死亡;农业里,过度使用化肥农药,虽短期保障产量,却破坏土壤结构、毒害昆虫鸟类,打破生态链平衡。另一方面,也不能忽视自然对人类的反作用,像全球变暖引发海平面上升威胁沿海城市生存,森林锐减导致水土流失、加剧自然灾害风险,让人类付出惨重代价。

写作结尾,要提出建设性意见或展望未来。个人层面倡导绿色生活,如多乘坐公共交通、践行垃圾分类;社会角度强调政府与企业责任,政府完善环保法规、加大监管惩处力度,企业投入研发清洁能源、环保材料。通过这些措施,呼吁构建人与自然和谐共生的美好愿景,给读者以启发与希望,让文章在深刻立意中收尾。

◆核心词汇

一、自然环境相关

1. environment(n. 环境)

2. nature(n. 自然;天性)

3. ecology(n. 生态学)

4. ecosystem(n. 生态系统)

5. wildlife(n. 野生动植物)

6. forest(n. 森林)

7. jungle(n. 丛林)

8. grassland(n. 草原)

9. desert(n. 沙漠)

10. mountain(n. 山;山脉)

11. river(n. 河流)

12. lake(n. 湖)

13. ocean(n. 海洋)

14. sea(n. 海)

15. glacier(n. 冰川)

16. wetland(n. 湿地)

二、环境问题相关

1. pollution(n. 污染)

2. contaminate(v. 污染;弄脏)

3. pollutant(n. 污染物)

4. waste(n. 废物;垃圾 adj. 废弃的;无用的)

5. garbage(n. 垃圾;废物)

6. rubbish(n. 垃圾;废话)

7. emission(n. 排放;散发)

8. smog(n. 烟雾)

9. haze(n. 阴霾;薄雾)

10. acid rain(酸雨,n. 词组)

11. deforestation(n. 采伐森林;森林开伐)

12. desertification(n. 沙漠化)

13. soil erosion(水土流失,n. 词组)

三、环保行动相关

1. protect(v. 保护)

2. conserve(v. 保护;保存)

3. preservation(n. 保护;维护)

4. sustainable(adj. 可持续的)

5. recycle(v. 回收利用;使再循环)

6. reuse(v. 再利用)

7. reduce(v. 减少)

8. plant(v. 种植 n. 植物)

9. afforestation(n. 造林)

10. clean up(清理,v. 词组)

11. green(adj. 绿色的;环保的)

12. environmentalist(n. 环保主义者)

四、能源资源相关

1. resource(n. 资源)

2. energy(n. 能量;能源)

3. renewable(adj. 可再生的)

4. non-renewable(adj. 不可再生的)

5. fossil(n. 化石;守旧的人 adj. 化石的;陈腐的)

6. fuel(n. 燃料)

7. coal(n. 煤)

8. oil(n. 油;石油)

9. gas(n. 气体;汽油)

10. solar(adj. 太阳的;太阳能的)

11. wind(adj. 风的;利用风的)

12. hydro(adj. 水力发电的)

五、自然现象相关

1. climate(n. 气候)

2. weather(n. 天气)

3. storm(n. 暴风雨)

4. hurricane(n. 飓风)

5. typhoon(n. 台风)

6. earthquake(n. 地震)

7. volcano(n. 火山)

8. tsunami(n. 海啸)

9. flood(n. 洪水;泛滥)

10. drought(n. 干旱)

11. lightning(n. 闪电)

12. thunder(n. 雷)

◆提分词块

一、自然景观描述类

1. vast ocean(浩瀚的海洋)

2. thick forest(茂密的森林)

3. snow-capped mountains(白雪皑皑的山脉)

4. crystal-clear lake(清澈见底的湖泊)

5. boundless grassland(无边无际的草原)

6. mysterious jungle(神秘的丛林)

7. arid desert(干旱的沙漠)

8. roaring waterfall(咆哮的瀑布)

9. tranquil wetland(宁静的湿地)

10. starry sky(繁星点点的天空)

二、环境问题阐述类

1. air pollution(空气污染)

2. water contamination(水污染)

3. soil degradation(土壤退化)

4. waste disposal problem(垃圾处理问题)

5. industrial emissions(工业排放)

6. deforestation rate(森林砍伐率)

7. desertification process(沙漠化进程)

8. loss of biodiversity(生物多样性丧失)

9. acid rain damage(酸雨危害)

10. over exploitation of resources(资源过度开采)

三、环保措施倡导类

1. protect wildlife habitats(保护野生动植物栖息地)

2. recycle waste materials(回收利用废弃材料)

3. reduce carbon footprint(减少碳足迹)

4. plant trees and shrubs(种植树木和灌木)

5. use renewable energy sources(使用可再生能源)

6. promote environmental awareness(提高环保意识)

7. support sustainable development(支持可持续发展)

8. participate in clean-up campaigns(参与清洁活动)

9. advocate green living(倡导绿色生活)

10. establish nature reserves(建立自然保护区)

四、人与自然互动类

1. enjoy the beauty of nature(享受自然之美)

2. adapt to the climate change(适应气候变化)

3. depend on natural resources(依赖自然资源)

4. interfere with ecological balance(干扰生态平衡)

5. learn from nature(向自然学习)

6. coexist with wildlife(与野生动植物共存)

7. harness natural forces(利用自然力量)

8. respect the laws of nature(尊重自然规律)

9. explore the mysteries of nature(探索自然奥秘)

10. experience the wonders of nature(体验自然奇观)

五、自然灾害应对类

1. disaster prevention and mitigation(防灾减灾)

2. earthquake-resistant buildings(抗震建筑)

3. flood control measures(防洪措施)

4. hurricane evacuation plan(飓风疏散计划)

5. drought relief efforts(抗旱努力)

6. tsunami warning system(海啸预警系统)

7. volcanic eruption emergency(火山喷发应急)

8. storm shelter construction(风暴避难所建设)

9. landslide prevention work(山体滑坡预防工作)

10. wildfire suppression strategy(野火扑灭策略)

◆经典佳句

一、描述自然重要性

1. Nature is the foundation of our survival, providing us with fresh air, clean water and rich resources.(自然是我们生存的基础,为我们提供新鲜空气、干净的水和丰富的资源。)

2. Without nature, human beings would be lost in a world of chaos and scarcity.(没有自然,人类将迷失在一个混乱和匮乏的世界里。)

3. The beauty and diversity of nature enrich our spiritual world and give us a sense of peace.(自然的美丽与多样性丰富了我们的精神世界,给予我们一种平静感。)

二、阐述环境问题

1. The increasing industrial emissions have led to severe air pollution, which poses a great threat to people's health.(日益增长的工业排放导致了严重的空气污染,这对人们的健康构成了巨大威胁。)

2. Deforestation has been accelerating at an alarming rate, destroying countless wildlife habitats.(森林砍伐正以惊人的速度加速,摧毁了无数野生动植物的栖息地。)

3. Water contamination is a global issue that endangers the survival of aquatic organisms and affects our drinking water safety.(水污染是一个全球性问题,危及水生生物的生存并影响我们的饮用水安全。)

三、倡导环保行动

1. We should take immediate actions to recycle waste materials and reduce waste generation.(我们应该立即采取行动回收利用废弃材料并减少垃圾产生。)

2. It is crucial for everyone to plant more trees and contribute to improving the ecological environment.(每个人多种树对改善生态环境至关重要。)

3. Governments ought to encourage the use of renewable energy sources to replace traditional fossil fuels.(政府应该鼓励使用可再生能源来取代传统的化石燃料。)

四、表达人与自然和谐共处

1. Humans should learn to coexist with nature harmoniously and respect its laws.(人类应该学会与自然和谐共处并尊重自然规律。)

2. Only by protecting nature can we ensure our own sustainable development.(只有保护自然,我们才能确保自身的可持续发展。)

3. People can enjoy the beauty of nature while also taking care of it, creating a win-win situation.(人们可以在欣赏自然之美的同时照顾好它,创造双赢局面。)

五、应对自然灾害

1. When facing natural disasters like earthquakes, we need to have proper evacuation plans and emergency shelters.(当面临像地震这样的自然灾害时,我们需要有合适的疏散计划和应急避难所。)

2. Building earthquake-resistant buildings is an effective way to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes.(建造抗震建筑是减少地震造成损害的有效方法。)

3. The government should strengthen the construction of tsunami warning systems to protect coastal residents.(政府应该加强海啸预警系统的建设以保护沿海居民。)

六、个人感悟与呼吁

1. After experiencing the wonders of nature, I deeply understand how precious it is and the importance of protecting it.(在体验了自然奇观之后,我深刻理解了它的珍贵以及保护它的重要性。)

2. Let's join hands and make every effort to protect our beautiful planet for future generations.(让我们携手努力,为子孙后代保护我们美丽的星球。)

3. Everyone has the responsibility to do something small but meaningful to contribute to environmental protection.(每个人都有责任做一些虽小但有意义的事来为环保做贡献。)

◆优美语段

一、环境保护的重要性

In modern society, the relationship between humans and nature is crucial. Environmental pollution has become a severe problem. Factories discharge waste gas and wastewater, which harm the air and water quality. Deforestation leads to soil erosion and loss of habitats for animals. We must realize that protecting nature is protecting ourselves. Only by taking measures like reducing waste, planting more trees, and using clean energy can we create a sustainable living environment.

在现代社会,人与自然的关系至关重要。环境污染已成为一个严峻的问题。工厂排放废气和废水,损害了空气质量和水质。森林砍伐导致水土流失以及动物栖息地丧失。我们必须意识到,保护自然就是保护我们自己。只有通过采取诸如减少浪费、多种树和使用清洁能源等措施,我们才能创造一个可持续的生存环境。

二、自然灾害与应对

Nature sometimes shows its fury through disasters. Earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes can cause great damage. For example, when an earthquake strikes, buildings collapse and people lose their homes. In the face of such disasters, we should enhance our scientific prediction ability. At the same time, we need to improve emergency response mechanisms. Communities can organize drills regularly to make sure everyone knows what to do when danger comes, ensuring our safety in the face of nature's power.

大自然有时会通过灾害展现它的愤怒。地震、洪水和飓风会造成巨大破坏。例如,当地震来袭时,建筑物倒塌,人们失去家园。面对这些灾害,我们应该提高科学预测能力。同时,我们需要完善应急响应机制。社区可以定期组织演练,确保每个人都知道危险来临时该怎么做,在大自然的威力面前保障我们的安全。

三、生态旅游

Ecological tourism is becoming popular. People want to get close to nature without harming it. When traveling to natural scenic spots, tourists follow the principle of "leave nothing but footprints, take nothing but photos". They choose to stay in eco-friendly lodges and respect the local flora and fauna. This way, not only can they enjoy the beauty of nature but also contribute to the conservation of the ecosystem. It's a win-win for both tourists and nature.

生态旅游正变得流行起来。人们希望亲近自然而不伤害它。当前往自然风景区旅游时,游客遵循 “除了脚印什么都不留下,除了照片什么都不带走” 的原则。他们选择入住环保型小屋,尊重当地的动植物。这样,他们不仅能欣赏自然之美,还能为生态系统的保护做出贡献。这对游客和自然来说是双赢的。

四、可再生能源

With the depletion of traditional energy sources, the development of renewable energy is urgent. Solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectric energy are clean and sustainable. For instance, solar panels can convert sunlight into electricity, powering our homes. Wind turbines generate power in windy areas. Using renewable energy can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, decrease carbon emissions, and mitigate climate change. It's a significant step towards harmonious coexistence with nature.

随着传统能源的枯竭,可再生能源的发展迫在眉睫。太阳能、风能和水能是清洁且可持续的。例如,太阳能电池板可以将太阳光转化为电能,为我们的家供电。风力涡轮机在多风地区发电。使用可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖,降低碳排放,缓解气候变化。这是迈向与自然和谐共处的重要一步。

五、动物保护

Animals are an important part of nature. However, many species are endangered due to human activities. Hunting, habitat destruction, and pollution threaten their survival. We should establish more wildlife reserves to protect their habitats. Stop illegal hunting and support conservation organizations. Everyone can play a part. For example, we can raise awareness about animal protection in our daily lives. Only in this way can we ensure the diversity of species and the balance of the ecosystem.

动物是自然的重要组成部分。然而,由于人类活动,许多物种濒临灭绝。狩猎、栖息地破坏和污染威胁着它们的生存。我们应该建立更多的野生动物保护区来保护它们的栖息地。制止非法狩猎并支持保护组织。每个人都可以发挥作用。例如,我们可以在日常生活中提高动物保护意识。只有这样,我们才能确保物种多样性和生态系统的平衡。

◆素材运用

经典考题1(向环保组织建议环保行动)

你是一名高中生,看到身边一些环境问题,决定给当地环保组织写一封信,建议一些可行的环保行动。信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数,请你补充中间内容,词数 120 左右。

Dear Environmental Protection Organization,

I'm a high school student concerned about the environment in our community. I've noticed several problems recently and would like to offer some suggestions.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Best regards,

Li Hua

范文 1:

I often see litter scattered around, especially in public parks. It not only ruins the beauty but also harms wildlife. Firstly, I suggest organizing more clean-up campaigns. Volunteers can gather regularly to pick up trash. Secondly, it would be great to promote waste sorting. You could distribute brochures to educate residents. Moreover, setting up more recycling bins in convenient locations is necessary. I believe these actions will make a real difference and help create a cleaner environment for everyone.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:按照 “提出问题 - 给出建议” 的思路,依次阐述看到的垃圾问题及对应的清理、宣传垃圾分类、增设回收箱等建议,条理清晰。

2. 内容完整:结合生活实际指出环境问题,且建议切实可行,能有效解决问题。

3. 语言准确:“scattered,ruins” 等词精准描述环境现状,建议部分的连接词使用恰当。

4. 亮点词句:“Firstly...Secondly...Moreover” 使建议层次分明,一目了然。

范文 2:

There's an obvious problem with air pollution in our area. Factories emit thick smoke and cars release exhaust fumes. In response, I think you could lobby the government to enforce stricter emission standards for factories. For vehicles, promoting public transportation and carpooling is crucial. You might hold events to encourage people to use buses and subways. Also, planting more trees along the streets can absorb pollutants. I'm sure with these efforts, our air quality will improve significantly.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:先点明空气污染问题,随后针对工厂、车辆分别提出应对措施,最后提及植树吸污,结构严谨。

2. 内容完整:全面分析空气污染成因,并从多方面给出针对性强的建议,内容丰富。

3. 语言准确:“emit,exhaust fumes” 等专业词汇展现语言功底,描述准确。

4. 亮点词句:“lobby the government” 用词地道,体现建议的可行性与力度。

经典考题2(一次难忘的自然体验之旅)

请以 “An Unforgettable Journey into Nature” 为题,写一篇 80 词左右的记叙文,讲述一次你亲近自然的难忘经历。

范文 1:

Last summer, I went hiking with my friends in the mountains. As we walked along the winding path, the fresh air filled our lungs. We saw lush forests, colorful flowers, and heard the chirping of birds. At one point, we came across a clear stream. We couldn't resist taking off our shoes and dipping our feet in the cool water. It was such a relaxing moment. That journey deepened my love for nature. I realized how precious and beautiful it is, and I promised myself to protect it always.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:按照事情发展顺序,从出发爬山、沿途见闻,到溪边嬉戏,最后升华感悟,行文流畅。

2. 内容完整:详细描述自然景色与自身感受,有景有情,经历完整。

3. 语言准确:“winding path,lush forests” 等描绘生动,动词使用精准,如 “came across”“resist”。

4. 亮点词句:“We couldn't resist...” 形象表现出当时的兴奋,增添文章趣味性。

范文 2:

During my holiday, I visited a nature reserve. Once there, I was amazed by the vast grassland stretching as far as the eye could see. I joined a guided tour and learned about various plants and animals. The most thrilling part was spotting a rare deer in the distance. Its elegance left me in awe. As the sun set, painting the sky orange, I felt a deep connection with nature. That day, nature taught me the importance of biodiversity and the need to cherish every living being.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:以游览顺序展开,先写初到保护区的震撼,再讲参观学习,最后描述日落感悟,层次清晰。

2. 内容完整:涵盖保护区景色、知识学习、动物观察及个人感悟,内容饱满。

3. 语言准确:“stretching as far as the eye could see” 等表达极具画面感,词汇运用丰富。

4. 亮点词句:“Its elegance left me in awe.” 细腻描写动物带来的触动,提升文章感染力。

经典考题3(关于城市发展与自然保护的平衡)

随着城市的快速发展,越来越多的自然空间被占用,引发了人们对城市发展与自然保护平衡的思考。请你以 “Balancing Urban Development and Nature Conservation” 为题,写一篇 100 词左右的英语短文,阐述你的观点。

范文 1:

In recent years, as cities expand rapidly, a large amount of natural land has been transformed for construction. However, we must strike a balance. On one hand, urban development brings economic growth and better living conditions. Skyscrapers and modern transportation make life convenient. On the other hand, nature is essential. Green spaces like parks improve air quality and offer relaxation. We should reserve enough natural areas when planning cities. Only by doing so can we enjoy both the benefits of development and the beauty of nature.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构,开篇点明城市发展与自然保护需平衡这一主题,中间分别阐述城市发展的好处与自然的重要性,结尾总结做法,层次分明。

2. 内容完整:涵盖题目要点,既提到城市发展成果,又强调自然不可替代的作用,最后给出平衡二者的建议。

3. 语言准确:用词恰当,如 “expand rapidly,strike a balance,reserve” 等,准确表达文意。

4. 亮点词句:“However, we must strike a balance.” 直接引出核心观点,简洁有力。

范文 2:

It's undeniable that urban development has been booming. Yet, the issue of nature conservation can't be overlooked. While new buildings and industries create jobs and wealth, they also encroach on nature. Wetlands and forests disappear, endangering wildlife. In my view, we ought to incorporate nature into urban design. For example, building rooftop gardens and green corridors. This way, we not only protect the environment but also make cities more livable, achieving a win-win for urbanites and nature.

亮点点评:

1. 结构清晰:开篇指出城市发展现状及自然保护问题,接着对比阐述利弊,最后提出融入自然的解决办法,逻辑连贯。

2. 内容完整:详细描述城市发展对自然的冲击,并针对性提出融合自然的城市设计方案,内容充实。

3. 语言准确:“encroach on,incorporate” 等高级词汇运用准确,提升文章档次。

4. 亮点词句:“It's undeniable that...” 经典句型引出话题,增强文章说服力。

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