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【每日语法系列】《每天一个初中英语语法》-die dead dying深度辨析

【每日语法系列】《每天一个初中英语语法》-die dead dying深度辨析

初中英语重难点 | die / dead / dying:一个"动词",一个"状态",一个"垂危"

你家孩子是不是一提"死"就只会说 die?可一上考场就现形:die of 和 die from 差在哪?The flowers ___ 后面该填 dead 还是 died?He ___ for 20 years 为什么不能填 has died?

这篇只解决一个问题:把 die / dead / dying,从"都会拼"升级成"分清词性和时态"。

01 先弄清出处:这讲的是几年级的知识点?

die / dead / dying / death 的辨析是人教版八年级上册 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 等单元的易混词汇考点(旧版对应八上 Unit 1、九全 Unit 13 等),die of / die from 的区分和 die(瞬间动词)与 be dead(延续状态)的转换是中考单选、完形的高频考点,几乎年年出现。

适用学段:八年级(重点辨析)、九年级中考冲刺(延续性转换)均适用。

02 先比较:一个词,四个"分身"

一句话:die 是动词(死的动作),dead 是形容词(死的状态),dying 是形容词(垂死的),death 是名词(死亡)。

· die(动词):He died yesterday.(他昨天去世了。——动作,一瞬间)

· dead(形容词):The flowers are dead.(花死了。——状态,可延续)

· dying(形容词):The dog is dying.(这只狗快死了。——垂危,进行中)

判断口诀:句子里缺"谓语动词"用 die(died),缺"形容词修饰名词 / 作表语"用 dead,表示"快死了、垂危"用 dying。

03 深度拆解:七个知识点全掌握

知识点一|die 作动词:死的动作(瞬间动词,过去式 died)

His grandfather died last week.(他的爷爷上周去世了。)

She died in a car accident.(她在一场车祸中丧生。)

The old man died peacefully in his sleep.(老人安详地在睡梦中去世。)

He died two years ago.(他两年前去世的。——died + ago,动作发生在过去)

Many fish died because of the pollution.(许多鱼因污染而死。)

The plants died within a week.(这些植物一周内就死了。)

规律:die 是瞬间动词,表"死亡的动作",只用一般过去时 died(+ 时间点);不能和一段时间连用(不能说 died for 2 years)。

知识点二|dead 作形容词:死的状态(be dead 可延续)

The flowers are dead.(这些花死了。——状态)

His father has been dead for 20 years.(他父亲去世 20 年了。——延续状态 √)

The dead man's family were very sad.(死者的家人非常难过。——作定语)

Don't cry. The dead can't come back.(别哭了,死去的人回不来。)

The bird was dead when I found it.(我找到这只鸟时它已经死了。)

She looked at the dead battery in surprise.(她惊讶地看着没电的电池。——dead 还可表"没电的 / 失效的")

规律:dead 是形容词,作表语(be dead)或定语(a dead man);be dead 表"死的状态",可以延续——has been dead for 20 years(√)。

知识点三|dying 作形容词:垂死的、快死的(die 的现在分词)

The dog is dying. We must save it.(这只狗快死了,我们必须救它。——is dying 濒危进行中)

A dying man was lying on the street.(一个垂死的人躺在街上。——作定语)

The doctor tried his best to save the dying patient.(医生尽力抢救那位垂危的病人。)

The dying flowers need water quickly.(这些快要枯死的花急需浇水。)

She is dying to see her mother.(她非常渴望见到妈妈。——be dying to do 渴望做)

The candle is dying out slowly.(蜡烛慢慢熄灭了。——die out 熄灭 / 灭绝)

规律:dying 是 die 的现在分词,作形容词表"垂死的、快死的",常用于 be dying(快死了)和 be dying to do(渴望做某事)。

知识点四|die 的变形特例:die → died → dying(ie 变 y)

He died in 2020.(他死于 2020 年。——过去式 died)

She has died.(她已经死了。——过去分词 died,现在完成时)

He is dying of a serious illness.(他因重病而濒临死亡。——现在分词 dying,is + dying)

The old man died peacefully.(老人平静地去世了。)

Three people died in the fire.(三人在火灾中丧生。)

Nobody has died in this accident, luckily.(幸运的是这次事故中没有人死亡。)

规律:die 的变形是 die → died(过去式 / 过去分词)→ dying(现在分词)——注意 ie 变 y,不要写成 dieing;现在分词 dying 也是形容词。

知识点五|die of vs die from:内因还是外因(核心难点)

The old man died of cancer.(老人死于癌症。——die of 内因:疾病)

She died of hunger in the war.(她在战争中饿死。——die of 内因:饥饿)

He died of a heart attack.(他死于心脏病发作。——内因:疾病)

He died from a car accident.(他死于车祸。——die from 外因:事故)

The soldier died from a wound.(这名士兵因伤而死。——外因:外伤)

She died from overwork.(她因过度劳累而死。——外因:劳累过度)

规律:die of 表"死于内因"——疾病(cancer / heart attack)、情感(sadness)、饥饿、年老等;die from 表"死于外因"——事故(accident)、外伤(wound)、过度劳累(overwork)等外部原因。

口诀:"病从口入"用 of,意外外伤用 from。

知识点六|die 的短语家族:die for / die out / die away(偏难)

He died for his country.(他为国捐躯。——die for 为……而死)

Many soldiers died for freedom.(许多士兵为自由而战死。)

Some animals are dying out.(一些动物正在灭绝。——die out 灭绝)

This kind of plant has died out.(这种植物已经灭绝了。)

The sound of the music died away.(音乐声渐渐消失了。——die away 逐渐消失)

The wind died down at night.(夜里风渐渐平息。——die down 减弱、平息)

规律:die for 为……而死(献身);die out(物种)灭绝 / 熄灭;die away(声音)渐渐消失;die down(风 / 情绪)减弱——中考完形常考。

知识点七|易错点:四个"要命"的坑 + 延续性转换

He has died for 2 years.(×)→ He has been dead for 2 years.(√)——die 是瞬间动词,不能与 for + 一段时间连用,转换用 be dead 延续状态。

He died for 2 years ago.(×)→ He died 2 years ago.(√)——died + 具体过去时间点(ago),不用 for。

The flowers died.(√ 动作)vs The flowers are dead.(√ 状态)——句意不同:前者"花死了(动作)",后者"花是死的(状态)"。

His grandfather has been died for 20 years.(×)→ has been dead(√)——died 不能用于完成时 + for 一段时间,用 dead 形容词。

She was died in 2020.(×)→ She died in 2020.(√)——die 是不及物动词,没有被动语态,不能 was died。

The man is dying.(√ 快死了)vs The man is dead.(√ 死了)——dying 垂危进行中,dead 已死状态。

规律:四个坑分别是——die 瞬间动词不能配 for + 时间段(要换成 be dead)、die 无被动语态(was died 错)、died + 时间点(ago)不是 for、dying(垂死)与 dead(已死)状态不同。

04 配套练习:10 题精练

一、单项选择(1—8 题)

1. His grandfather ___ two years ago. A. died  B. dead  C. dying  D. death

2. The flowers are ___. Please water them. A. die  B. dead  C. dying  D. death

3. The old man ___ of cancer last year. A. died  B. dead  C. dying  D. death

4. He ___ from a car accident. A. died  B. dead  C. dying  D. death

5. His father has been ___ for 20 years. A. die  B. died  C. dead  D. dying

6. The ___ bird needs our help. A. die  B. dead  C. dying  D. death

7. Some animals are ___ out. A. dying  B. died  C. dead  D. death

8. She was so sad that she nearly ___ of sadness. A. dies  B. died  C. dead  D. dying

二、用 die / dead / dying 的正确形式填空(9—10 题)

9. The plants ___ (die) within a week.

10. He has been ___ (die) for two years.

05 参考答案与解析

1. A。two years ago 表过去时间点,用动词过去式 died。

2. C。Please water them 提示"快枯死了",用 dying(垂死的)。

3. A。死于癌症(内因疾病)用 die of,过去式 died。

4. A。死于车祸(外因事故)用 die from,过去式 died。

5. C。for 20 years 表延续,用 be dead 状态(has been dead)。

6. C。needs our help 提示鸟"快死了、垂危",作定语用 dying。

7. A。die out 灭绝,are dying out 正在灭绝。

8. B。死于悲伤(情感内因)die of,主句过去时用 died。

9. died。within a week 表过去,用 died。

10. dead。for two years 表延续,has been dead。

06 加分考点:三个延伸用法

· 延续性转换公式:瞬间动词 → 延续状态——die → be dead;borrow → keep;begin → be on;leave → be away——He has been away for a week.(他离开一周了。)

· die 的委婉说法:pass away(去世)、lose one's life(丧生)、give up one's life(献出生命)——His grandmother passed away quietly.(他祖母安详地去世了。)

· be dying to do / for:表"渴望、急切想"——I'm dying to know the result.(我急切地想知道结果。)/ She is dying for a cup of tea.(她特别想喝杯茶。)

写在最后

die / dead / dying 不是"都会拼",而是"看清身份":缺谓语动词用 die(died),缺形容词表状态用 dead,表"垂危 / 渴望"用 dying;die of 内因(疾病)、die from 外因(事故);die 瞬间动词,与 for + 时间段连用要换成 be dead。

你最容易栽在哪个 die / dead 的坑上?欢迎把错题发到评论区,下期我们继续拆。

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