【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修三|Unit 3: War and peace|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修三｜Unit 3: War and peace｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Subject-verb agreement (1)

Ø口语&写作：Write about a war hero & Give a presentation on a war-related topic

语法：主谓一致（集合名词篇）Subject‑verb agreement (1)

核心语法：

集合名词作主语，谓语可单数/复数：强调整体→单数；强调内部一个个成员→复数

一、教材句子观察

a. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle‑hardened…

👉 enemy 视作一个整体（敌军这个整体），谓语用单数is

b. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers…

👉 enemy 指敌军里面一个个士兵（成员），谓语用复数were

c. …people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.

👉 people 本身表“人们”，永远复数含义，谓语用复数were

💡语法小结（高中生笔记版）

集合名词两类用法：

1.把集合看成一个完整单位 → 谓语单数

2.看重集合里面一个个个体成员 → 谓语复数

⚠️特殊：people, cattle 本身就是复数概念，永远搭配复数动词。

二、改错练习

1 Government troop have put down the uprising. 👉 troops（已给出）

2 The police is after him. 👉 is → are 【police表警方人员，复数含义】 [are]

3 The military are well‑organised and prepared to fight. 👉 ✓（military指军队官兵，强调成员，复数） [✓]

4 All the machinery in this factory are made in the US.👉 are → is 【machinery 不可数名词，谓语单数】 [is]

5 The soldiers’ uniform look very smart.👉 uniform → uniforms（很多士兵的制服，复数） [uniforms]

6 The group was sent to rescue the missing pilot.👉 ✓（group视作一个小队整体，单数） [✓]

7 Politics are the study of the ways in which countries are governed.👉 are → is 【politics学科名词，单数】 [is]

重点词汇注解

- troops  n. 部队（只用复数）

- police  n. 警方，永远复数谓语，不说 a police；一名警察：a policeman/policewoman

- military  n. 军队

- machinery  n. [U]机器设备（不可数！不要写machineries）

- politics  n. 政治学，学科名词作主语，谓语单数；类似：physics maths economics

三、短文填空（Saving Private Ryan《拯救大兵瑞恩》）

用括号动词正确形式填空，考察集合名词主谓一致

Saving Private Ryan is a film directed by Steven Spielberg. The two main characters are Captain John Miller, played by Tom Hanks, and Private James Ryan, played by Matt Damon.James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War.The enemy ¹ killed (kill) his three brothers.Their heart‑broken mother receives the news about all her dead sons on the same day.The US Army ² decides / decided (decide) to find Ryan and bring him home.A group of men are sent into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother.The rescue team ³ is / was (be) led by Captain Miller, a hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle.

At the beginning of the film, the audience ⁴ are / were (be) thrown into an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Normandy. They see the full horror of war, and the chaos and senseless waste of life.

Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable war film and, also, a story of courage and sacrifice. It’s my favourite film and my family ⁵ love / loves (love) watching it, too.

The message of the film is simple – we want peace; we don’t want war.

📖解析：

1.¹killed：过去时态，敌人杀害了他的兄弟

2.²US Army（美军）：视作整体可用单数decides；叙事过去时用decided

3.³rescue team救援队：视作整体→is/was

4.⁴audience观众：强调一个个观众个体→are/were

5.⁵family：强调家里每个人→love；视作家庭整体→loves，两个都语法成立

四、集合名词清单

表整体(谓语单数) 表成员(谓语复数) 

family 

My family is small. 我的家庭规模小 

My family like travelling. 全家人都爱旅行 

team 

The team wins the game.（队伍整体获胜） 

The team are arguing.队员们在争吵 

government 

The government is new.（政府机构） 

The government are debating.官员们在辩论 

audience 

The audience is large.观众规模很大 

The audience are clapping.观众们在鼓掌 

❗永远复数，只能接复数谓语：people, cattle, police

❗永远单数（学科/不可数）：machinery, politics, physics, mathematics

五、写作小任务

Write a short review of a war‑themed film. Pay attention to subject‑verb agreement.

参考范文

Hacksaw Ridge is a moving war film. The cast includes Andrew Garfield as Desmond Doss. His family is religious, and his parents disagree about war. The army does not accept Doss at first, but the group respect him finally. The audience are deeply touched by his bravery. The movie shows the power of peace inside cruel war.

中文翻译：《血战钢锯岭》是一部感人的战争电影。演员阵容包括安德鲁·加菲尔德饰演戴斯蒙德·道斯。他的家庭信奉宗教，父母对于战争意见不一。军队一开始并不接纳道斯，但这群士兵最后敬重他。观众深深被他的勇气打动。这部电影展现残酷战争中和平的力量。

📝随堂小测（5道巩固题）

1.My family ____ (be) all football fans.

2.The team ____ (win) the match yesterday.（整体）

3.The police ____ (search) for the missing boy now.

4.The audience ____ (enjoy) the show.（个体）

5.Politics ____ (seem) difficult for many students.

答案 1. are 2. won 3. are searching 4. are enjoying 5. seems 

口语&写作：Write about a war hero & Give a presentation on a war-related topic

Writing about a war hero 描写战争英雄（杨靖宇阅读）

课文阅读理解

阅读文本：Yang Jingyu 杨靖宇

1.Who was Yang Jingyu?

He was a famous anti‑Japanese hero. Born in Henan Province in 1905, he joined the CPC in 1927 and led the North‑east Anti‑Japanese United Army to fight against Japanese invaders.

翻译：他是著名抗日英雄，1905年生于河南，1927年入党，领导东北抗日联军抗击日本侵略者。

2.Why did Yang decide to let small groups of his men break through the encirclement?

Because they faced a serious shortage of supplies.

翻译：因为他们面临物资极度匮乏。

3.What did the Japanese find when they killed Yang?

They found only tree bark, cotton and grass roots in his stomach. There was not a single grain of rice.

翻译：日军剖开他的腹部，只看到树皮、棉絮和草根，没有一粒粮食。

4.How would you describe Yang’s spirit in your own words?

He showed great courage, strong willpower, loyalty to his country and unyielding spirit. He would rather die than give in to the enemy.

翻译：他拥有过人勇气、钢铁意志、爱国忠诚与宁死不屈的精神。

✍写英雄人物写作框架

写作三段式结构：Introduction（开头）→Main body（主体，按时间顺序写事件）→Conclusion（结尾评价精神）

可选人物：Liu Hulan 刘胡兰 / Qiu Shaoyun 邱少云 / Huang Jiguang 黄继光

模板笔记示例（以黄继光 Huang Jiguang 为例）

Introduction

Name of the person: Huang Jiguang

Background information: He was a heroic soldier. He was born in 1931 in Sichuan. He took part in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

姓名：黄继光；背景：战斗英雄，1931生于四川，参加抗美援朝战争。

Main body（Major events in order 按时间写大事）

1.He joined the Chinese People’s Volunteers and went to Korea.

2.In a fierce battle, the enemy’s fort blocked their advance.

3.With no weapons left, he threw his body against the gun hole of the enemy bunker and sacrificed his life.

4.His sacrifice helped his comrades win the battle.

Conclusion（Your opinion of this person）

Huang Jiguang is a true national hero. His bravery and self‑sacrifice inspire us. We should remember him and value the peaceful life won with his blood.

📝范文：英雄人物开篇（Now write an introduction）

适合高中生抄写背诵

Huang Jiguang is a respected war hero in Chinese history. Born in 1931 in Sichuan Province, he joined the Chinese People’s Volunteers and fought in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. He is remembered for his extraordinary courage and self‑sacrifice for his motherland.

📌写人物高频好词好句

anti‑Japanese hero 抗日英雄 

fight against invaders 抗击侵略者 

a shortage of supplies 物资匮乏 

break through the encirclement 突破包围 

unyielding spirit 不屈的精神 

sacrifice one’s life for… 为……牺牲生命 

turn sorrow into anger 化悲痛为愤怒 

in memory of 纪念 

with full military honours 隆重的军礼安葬 

演讲素材

主题要点+英文例子 

Why people go to war 战争爆发的原因 

1.To defend their homeland against invasion 保卫国土抵御入侵 

2.Conflicts over land and resources 领土、资源争端 

3. Oppression and unfair rules 压迫与不公 

Effects of war on people 战争带给人们的影响 

1.Many people get killed or injured; families get separated 伤亡、家庭离散 

2. People lose homes and suffer from hunger 流离失所，忍受饥饿 

3. It causes mental pain for survivors 幸存者承受心理创伤 

How we can maintain peace around the world 维护世界和平的方式 

1.Talk instead of fighting; solve conflicts through communication 对话谈判代替武力 

2.Respect different countries and cultures 尊重各国与不同文化 

3. Educate young people to value peace 教育年轻人珍惜和平 

🎤演讲示范

Topic: How war influences ordinary people

Good morning, everyone. Today my topic is the influence of war on ordinary people.

War does not only hurt soldiers. First of all, many civilians lose their homes. They have to leave their hometown and suffer hunger. Besides, many children lose their parents and cannot receive education. What is more, war leaves deep mental wounds for those who survive.

That is why peace is so valuable for every one of us. We should try our best to keep peace. Thank you!

✨演讲实用句式

1.Today my topic is… 今天我的主题是……

2.First of all / Besides / What is more 首先/此外/而且

3.That is why… 这就是为什么……

4.From my point of view… 在我看来

5.Thank you for listening. 感谢聆听。

📝课后练习题

翻译（汉译英）

1.杨靖宇是一位宁死不屈的抗日英雄。

2.战争给普通民众带来巨大痛苦。

3.我们应当珍惜用鲜血换来的和平。

参考答案

1.Yang Jingyu was an anti‑Japanese hero who would rather die than give in. 

2.War brings great pain to ordinary people. 

3. We should value the peace won with blood.