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【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修四|Unit 2: Lessons in life|语法&口语和写作

发布时间：2026-10-25 20:11:21 最近访问：2026-10-25 20:11:21

学习重点

Ø词汇学习【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修四｜Unit 2: Lessons in life｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Review: passive voice

Ø口语&写作：Write a summary & Give a presentation about a literary work and its value

语法： Review: passive voice 复习被动语态

被动语态3种使用场景

1 The subject is not known, is unimportant, or is “people in general” and can be omitted.

主语未知、不重要，或泛指“人们”，可以省略执行者

2 The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence. 句子重心在动作承受者，而不是动作发出者

3 The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.

主语修饰成分过长，习惯把长表达后置

课本原句解析

1.a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, …

译文：当发现莫里正被重病折磨时……

👉 现在进行时被动 is being weakened ；焦点落在承受者Morrie身上，对应用法2。

2.b …Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over‑emotional thoughts and messages, …

译文：《相约星期二》不过是由一堆过于感性的想法与话语构成……

👉 is made up of ；主语书名后面接很长表语，长内容后置，对应用法3。

3.c A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!

译文：读完这本书需要一盒纸巾！

👉 一般将来被动 will be needed ；不需要说“谁需要纸巾”，执行者泛指人们，省略，对应用法1。

📌不同时态被动结构

一般现在 am/is/are done This story is widely read.

一般过去 was/were done The mouse was caught by the lion.

现在进行 am/is/are being done He is being treated in hospital.

将来时 will be done More books will be published.

情态动词 can/may/must be done Rules must be obeyed.

段落改写（主动→被动）

原文

Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. People believe that he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom. Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, children and adults all around the world still enjoy Aesop’s Fables.

✍改写参考答案

Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories credited by history to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. It is believed that he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, whose qualities were used by Aesop to reflect human traits and wisdom. Each fable delivers a life lesson that is summarised by Aesop in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, Aesop’s Fables are still enjoyed by children and adults all around the world.

语法点：

1.It is believed that… 人们认为……（高考高频被动句型）

2.定语从句中灵活使用被动，突出故事，而不是Aesop这个人。

阅读练习：The Lion and the Mouse（狮子与老鼠）

One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The mouse begged for mercy and promised that he would help the lion one day. The lion laughed at the tiny mouse, but the mouse was allowed to go free.

Several days later, the lion was trapped in a hunter’s net. He could not escape and loud cries were heard by the mouse. The mouse came quickly and the ropes of the net were bitten through by his sharp teeth. At last, the lion was saved.

The story tells us: Even the weak can offer help to the strong.

重点被动句摘抄：

1.a little mouse was caught by a lion

2.the mouse was allowed to go free

3.the lion was trapped in a hunter’s net

4.loud cries were heard by the mouse

5.the ropes of the net were bitten through

6.the lion was saved

自测题

Ⅰ单句填空（用动词正确被动形式）

1.The old man ________ (weaken) by serious disease at present.

2.This famous book ________ (credit) to a great ancient writer.

3.It ________ (believe) that the fable was created thousands of years ago.

4.Many ancient stories ________ (still enjoy) by teenagers nowadays.

5.Look! The problem ________ (discuss) by the students.

Ⅱ主动变被动改写句子

1.People need a lot of courage to face difficulties.

2.A hunter caught the lion.

3.The author summarises the life lesson at the end of each story.

Ⅲ句子翻译

1.人们相信这个习俗流传了上千年。(It is believed that…)

2.那个小男孩正在被他的父亲安慰。(现在进行被动)

Ⅳ短文改错（划出被动错误并改正）

A mouse was catch by a lion. The mouse was let go and later the lion was trap by a net. Finally, the lion saved by the mouse.

📖参考答案

Ⅰ单句填空

1.is being weakened

2.is credited

3.is believed

4.are still enjoyed

5.is being discussed

Ⅱ改写

1.A lot of courage is needed to face difficulties.

2.The lion was caught by a hunter.

3.The life lesson is summarised by the author at the end of each story.

Ⅲ翻译

1.It is believed that this custom has been widespread for thousands of years.

2.The little boy is being comforted by his father.

Ⅳ改错

was catch → was caught；was trap → was trapped；lion saved → lion was saved

伊索寓言

It is said that one summer, lots of food was collected by ants, while a grasshopper only played. When winter came, no food could be found by the grasshopper. He was refused help by the ants. The moral is that we should prepare for the future.

句型：

- It is said that…

- The story was written by…

- He was forced to…

- Finally he was saved…

- The moral is that…

口语&写作：Writing a summary故事摘要写作；Presenting ideas文学作品展示

Writing a summary 写故事摘要写作指导

1.先写标题+作者

2.用自己的话写关键情节：开端→发展→高潮→结局

3.点明中心思想/主题

4.❗重要禁忌：不要加入个人观点评价

5.高分要求：concise（简洁）、precise（准确）、to the point（切题）

范文：The Blue Bird《青鸟》摘要

The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice Maeterlinck. It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness. As the children of a poor woodcutter, they are secretly observing a party at the home of their wealthy landlords when a fairy appears. She uses a magic diamond to bring animals (their dog and cat), objects (sugar and bread) and elements (light, fire, water) in their home to life. Together, they set off on a dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.

Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places. They encounter numerous characters such as their departed grandparents, trees that hate mankind, the greedy and ugly Luxuries, and children waiting to be born. Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird, the birds they find either change colour or die. The children return home at last, and Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time! He gives the bird to the neighbour’s little girl, curing her illness. But in the end, the bird flies away, and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.

The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth, but in simple things that are found in family life, and in acts of friendship and kindness.

✍摘要写作万能模板（高考概要写作直接套用）

Title, written by Author, is a … (novel/play/fairy‑tale).

It tells a story about ____(主人公).

At the beginning, ____故事开端. Later, ____发展情节.

The climax comes when ____高潮. Finally, ____结局.

The central idea is that ____作品主题。

写作模板

Item Content

Title and author of the play

Main character(s)

Start of the play

Climax

Conclusion

📝仿写示范（以《狮子和老鼠》Aesop’s Fables为例）

Title and author of the play：The Lion and the Mouse, by Aesop

Main character(s)：a fierce lion and a little mouse

Start of the play：One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The mouse begged to be set free and promised to repay the lion.

Climax：Later the lion was trapped in a hunter’s net. The mouse bit the net ropes and saved the lion.

Conclusion：The lion realised even the weak can give help.

Summary成品

The Lion and the Mouse, written by Aesop, is a famous fable. It tells a story about a lion and a little mouse. At the beginning, a little mouse was caught by a lion. The mouse begged for mercy and promised to help the lion someday, so the lion let him go. The climax comes when the lion was trapped in a hunter’s net. The mouse bit through the ropes and saved the lion. Finally, the lion understood that nobody is too weak to offer help. The central idea is that we should never look down upon others.

文学作品口头展示

展示书目：Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》；The Analects《论语》；King Lear《李尔王》；Madame Curie: A Biography《居里夫人传》

模板

General information（作品基础信息：书名、作者、体裁）

Main idea（主要故事情节）

Lesson(s) in the work（作品带给我们的人生启示）

📌作品素材

1.Oliver Twist (Charles Dickens)

- General information：Novel by Charles Dickens

- Main idea：Oliver, a poor orphan, suffers hardship but keeps his kindness.

- Lessons：Keep kindness even in hard times; fight against unfairness.

2.The Analects

- General information：A collection of Confucius’ sayings

- Main idea：Record Confucius’ thoughts about morality, study and manners.

- Lessons：Respect others; keep learning; be honest.

3.King Lear (Shakespeare)

- General information：Tragedy play by Shakespeare

- Main idea：King Lear gives away his kingdom and suffers from his wrong judgement.

- Lessons：Distinguish true love from flattery; don’t judge people by words only.

🎤参考句式

1.I’d like to share … written by … 我想要分享……所写的……

2.It describes a story where … 它讲述了一个……的故事

3.What impresses me most is that … 让我印象最深的是……

4.From this work, we learn that … 从这部作品，我们学到……

5.The life lesson behind it is … 背后的人生启示是……

✅结构建议

1.Opening：introduce title & author

2.Brief plot（简短情节，不要长篇复述）

3.Key lesson / theme核心启示

4.Closing：personal understanding（简短个人感悟）

📝单元综合自测

Ⅰ 单句填空（摘要写作高频词）

1.A good story summary needs to be ____(concise) and avoid personal ____(opinion).

2.The play, ____(write) by Maeterlinck, tells us where true happiness ____(find).

Ⅱ句子翻译

1.这部戏剧告诉我们幸福不在于财富，而在于平凡生活中的善意。

2.摘要不应该包含作者个人的主观评价。

Ⅲ微写作：写80词左右《青鸟》简短摘要

📚参考答案

Ⅰ单句填空

1.concise; opinions

2.written; is found

Ⅱ句子翻译

1.The play tells us that happiness lies not in wealth but in kindness in ordinary life.

2.A summary should not include the writer’s personal subjective opinions.

Ⅲ微写作参考范文

The Blue Bird, written by Maurice Maeterlinck, is a fairy play. Two children set off for a dangerous journey to look for the Blue Bird of happiness. After visiting many magical places and meeting various characters, they fail to get the bird. Finally they return home and find the Blue Bird has always been there. It suggests happiness exists in simple family life, friendship and kindness rather than luxury.

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