本次从外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 2全单元词汇中，筛选高考最高频、语法填空必考、完形易混淆、写作可直接套用的10个核心词汇。剔除偏僻小众词汇与超纲释义，聚焦考场重难点、熟词生义、固定搭配与词形转换考点，搭配原创标准化专项练习，适配高二同步巩固、高三一轮复习，可直接打印背诵刷题。

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1. weaken /ˈwiːkən/ v. （使）虚弱；削弱；减弱

核心考点：高考动词变形高频考点，读写通用词汇，可替换普通动词reduce、lessen，完形常考语境词义，语法填空侧重词形衍生变化，适配健康、经济、影响力等高频话题。

词形变形：weak adj. 虚弱的；薄弱的｜weakness n. 弱点；劣势｜weakly adv. 虚弱地；无力地

高频搭配：weaken one’s physical health 损害身体健康｜weaken confidence 削弱信心｜weaken the impact 减弱影响

高分例句：Long-term lack of exercise will gradually weaken our physical fitness and immunity.

2. pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的；消极的

核心考点：情感态度类超级高频词，完形填空态度判断必考，语法填空常考副词、名词变形，写作可用于正反态度对比，是高考读写核心反差词汇。

词形变形：pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义｜pessimist n. 悲观主义者｜pessimistically adv. 悲观地

高频搭配：be pessimistic about life/future 对生活/未来悲观｜take a pessimistic view 持悲观态度

反义高分词：optimistic adj. 乐观的｜positive adj. 积极的

高分例句：Instead of being pessimistic about setbacks, we should face them bravely and move forward.

3. anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 预期；预料；预见

核心考点：高考语法重难点动词！必考用法anticipate doing sth（后接动名词，不接不定式），完形、改错、语法填空高频失分点，写作高级替换expect。

词形变形：anticipation n. 预期；期待｜anticipatory adj. 预期的

高频搭配：anticipate meeting difficulties 预料会遇到困难｜anticipate problems 预见潜在问题

高分例句：We should fully prepare for challenges and never fail to anticipate possible risks.

4. possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 财产；拥有；占有

核心考点：高考语法填空、单选超级高频考点！重点区分人/物作主语的固定搭配，多词义辨析为完形易错点，书面表达适配财富、个人素养类话题。

词形变形：possess v. 拥有；支配｜possessive adj. 占有欲强的

高频必考搭配：in possession of sth. 某人拥有某物（人作主语）｜in the possession of sb. 某物被某人拥有（物作主语）｜take possession of 接管；占有

高分例句：True happiness does not lie in the possession of wealth, but in inner peace.

5. abnormal /æbˈnɔːml/ adj. 不正常的；反常的；异常的

核心考点：否定前缀ab-经典考点，语法填空常考反义词、副词变形，阅读、完形高频场景词，适配天气、身体、行为、数据等语境。

词形变形：normal adj. 正常的｜abnormally adv. 反常地｜abnormality n. 异常情况

高频搭配：abnormal behavior 反常行为｜abnormal weather 异常天气｜abnormal state 异常状态

高分例句：Abnormal climate changes have brought great challenges to human life.

6. widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广泛的；普遍的；蔓延的

核心考点：写作满分万能形容词，高级替换common、popular，适配社会现象、政策、舆论、问题类话题，阅读高频修饰词汇，无复杂变形，考场易用高分词。

高频搭配：widespread attention 广泛关注｜widespread support 普遍支持｜widespread problems 普遍存在的问题

高分例句：The environmental protection policy has gained widespread recognition among the public.

7. recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 认可；承认；认出；赞誉

核心考点：高考词形转换必考词，动词、形容词变形全覆盖，固定搭配为单选、完形高频考点，适配个人成长、社会认可、荣誉类写作话题。

词形变形：recognize v. 认出；认可｜recognizable adj. 可识别的

高频搭配：gain/win recognition 获得认可｜in recognition of 为表彰……｜public recognition 公众赞誉

高分例句：Continuous efforts and sincere dedication will finally win you public recognition.

8. cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作；配合

核心考点：高考读写全能核心词，团队、社会、国际话题必备，词形转换为语法填空高频考点，固定搭配零难度、超高适配写作。

词形变形：cooperation n. 合作；协作｜cooperative adj. 合作的；协作的

高频搭配：cooperate with sb. 与某人合作｜cooperate in doing sth. 协作做某事

高分例句：Only by cooperating with others can we solve complex problems more efficiently.

9. transparent /trænˈspærənt/ adj. 透明的；坦诚的；易懂的

核心考点：社会热点类高频词，适配政策、管理、人际交往话题，语法填空常考名词变形，词义辨析为阅读易错点，写作高端词汇。

词形变形：transparency n. 透明；坦诚｜transparently adv. 透明地；坦诚地

高频搭配：transparent system 透明的制度｜be transparent with others 待人坦诚｜transparent process 公开透明的流程

高分例句：A transparent and fair environment is essential for social development.

10. despair /dɪˈspeə/ n. 绝望 v. 绝望；丧失信心

核心考点：情感类完形高频词，固定搭配为考场送分考点，写作适配挫折、励志话题，词形变形简单、考查频率高。

词形变形：despairing adj. 绝望的｜despairingly adv. 绝望地

高频搭配：in despair 绝望地｜despair of doing sth. 对做某事绝望｜give up in despair 绝望放弃

高分例句：Never despair in face of failures, for every setback is a chance to grow.

题型一：单项选择（10题｜精准对应核心考点）

1. Excessive pressure will ______ your willpower and affect your study efficiency.

A. weaken  B. strengthen  C. enhance  D. stabilize

2. We should never be ______ about our future, no matter what difficulties we meet.

A. optimistic  B. pessimistic  C. positive  D. sincere

3. The manager ______ meeting possible problems during the project and made full preparations.

A. expected  B. anticipated  C. hoped  D. doubted

4. The valuable antique is ______ the local museum now.

A. in possession of  B. in the possession of  C. taking possession of  D. possessing

5. It is ______ for students to stay up late every day, which does harm to health.

A. normal  B. abnormal  C. thorough  D. numerous

6. The new policy has attracted ______ public attention across the whole country.

A. widespread  B. limited  C. slight  D. alternative

7. His hard work and excellent ability finally earned him wide ______.

A. recognition  B. reputation  C. circumstance  D. dilemma

8. If we want to finish the task on time, we need to ______ closely with each other.

A. cooperate  B. compete  C. conflict  D. combine

9. A ______ communication mechanism helps reduce misunderstanding between people.

A. transparent  B. reluctant  C. ambitious  D. qualified

10. He didn’t give up in ______ even after he failed the exam many times.

A. despair  B. prospect  C. wisdom  D. shift

题型二：词性转换（10题｜对标高考语法填空）

1. Long-term tiredness leads to the ______ (weaken) of physical resistance.

2. He looked ______ (pessimistic) at the coming exam and lacked confidence.

3. We have every reason to ______ (anticipation) positive changes in the future.

4. He was found in ______ (possess) of a large number of illegal goods.

5. The weather this summer is ______ (abnormally) hot and dry.

6. This view is ______ (widespread) accepted among young people.

7. Her outstanding contributions gained public ______ (recognize).

8. Close ______ (cooperate) is the key to team success.

9. We need more ______ (transparent) in the school management system.

10. He let out a ______ (despair) sigh when hearing the bad news.

题型三：话题翻译（5题｜作文高分句型｜预留书写横线）

1. 消极的心态会削弱我们的行动力，阻碍我们进步。

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2. 我们应当预见成长路上的困难，并提前做好充分准备。

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3. 真诚坦诚的相处方式能收获他人的认可与信任。

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4. 团队协作是我们高效解决问题、实现目标的关键。

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5. 无论遭遇何种挫折，我们都不能陷入绝望、轻易放弃。

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