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中考英语核心必考动词50个:词义、搭配与真题考点 收藏必背!
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单词背过了,题目却做不对,往往是用法没记全。
知道“建议”是 suggest,不代表会用 suggest doing;知道“花费”是 spend,不代表能写对 spend time doing。
这50个动词,重点记三样:
1、核心搭配
2、易错区别
3、词形变化
下面按用法归类,可以直接用于复习和自测。
注:sb.=某人;sth.=某事或某物。真题标明出处。
一、四个“花费”:先看主语,再看结构
01. spend|花费;度过词形:spend—spent—spent
人+spend+时间/金钱+on sth.
人+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.
例:I spent an hour reading.
**得分关键:**spend后表示“做某事”用doing,不用to do。
02. take|花费;拿;带走词形:take—took—taken
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
take part in 参加;take care of 照顾;take off 起飞;脱下。
例:It took me an hour to finish the work.
**得分关键:**与spend转换时,主语和动词形式一起变:I spent an hour finishing the work.
03. cost|价钱为;使付出代价词形:cost—cost—cost(表示“花费”时)
物+cost+人+金钱。
例:The book cost me twenty yuan.
**得分关键:**表达某物花了多少钱,主语用物;不能写成I cost twenty yuan。
04. pay|支付词形:pay—paid—paid
人+pay+金钱+for sth.
pay for sth. 为某物付款。
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事。
例:I paid twenty yuan for the book.
**得分关键:**pay attention to中的to是介词,后接动词时用doing。
四种结构对照:
I spent twenty yuan on the book.The book cost me twenty yuan.I paid twenty yuan for the book.It took me an hour to read the book.
前三句说花钱买书,最后一句说花时间读书。
二、后接doing:把搭配作为整体记
05. enjoy|喜欢;享受
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。
enjoy oneself 玩得开心。
易错:enjoy reading,不写enjoy to read。They enjoyed themselves. 注意反身代词与主语一致。
06. finish|完成
finish doing sth. 做完某事。
易错:finish doing homework,不写finish to do homework。finish后也可直接接名词:finish the work。
07. practice|练习
practice doing sth. 练习做某事。
易错:practice speaking English。英式英语中,动词通常写作practise,名词写作practice。
08. avoid|避免
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。
avoid mistakes 避免错误。
易错:avoid making the same mistake,不写avoid to make。
09. mind|介意
mind doing sth. 介意做某事。
Would you mind not doing sth.? 请你不要做某事好吗?
例:Would you mind not opening the window?
易错:回答“Not at all.”表示不介意,不是拒绝请求。
10. suggest|建议;提议
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事。
suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事。
易错:通常不用suggest sb. to do。“建议我休息”可写:advise me to rest。
真题用法①|practice+doing
2023年湖北鄂州中考阅读材料节选:
“…practice speaking English in and out of class.”
结构:practice+speaking。
这是阅读原文中的搭配。迁移到填空或写作中,同样用practice reading、practice writing,不能改成to do。
三、后接to do:同时记否定位置和不规则变化
11. decide|决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事。
decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事。
词形:decide → decision。同义表达:decide to do=make a decision to do。
12. hope|希望
hope to do sth.
hope+that从句。
易错:不用hope sb. to do。√ I hope you can help me.× I hope you to help me.
13. expect|期待;预料
expect to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth.
易错:expect可接“人+to do”,hope通常不可以。例:We expect him to arrive soon.
14. plan|计划
plan to do sth.
plan not to do sth.。
词形:planned;planning,双写n。例:They are planning to visit the museum.
15. offer|主动提出;提供
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事。
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.
例:He offered to help me.He offered me some help.
区别:前一句强调“主动提出做”,后一句强调“提供某物”。
16. refuse|拒绝
refuse to do sth.
refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请。
易错:refuse to answer,不写refuse answering。
17. promise|承诺;答应
promise to do sth.
promise not to do sth.
例:He promised not to be late.
易错:not放在to前,不写promise to not作为中考基础表达。
18. manage|设法做到;管理
manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事。
区别:manage to do:做成了。try to do:努力去做,不一定做成。
例:We managed to catch the last bus.我们设法赶上了末班车。
19. learn|学习;学会
learn to do sth. 学习做某事。
learn from sb./sth. 向某人学习;从某事中吸取经验。
learn about 了解。
易错:learn from mistakes 从错误中吸取教训。
20. choose|选择词形:choose—chose—chosen
choose to do sth.
choose between A and B 在A和B之间选择。
choose…from… 从……中挑选……
词形转换:choose → choice。
真题用法②|choose between A and B
2024年四川乐山中考单项选择题节选:
“You can ____ between the Music Club and the Food and Drink Club.”
原题备选词:avoid、choose、hide。答案:choose。
**判断依据:**两个社团是选择对象,between提示“在两者之间”,对应choose between A and B。
四、“动词+人+动作”:to不能随意增减
21. ask|询问;请求;要求
ask sb. to do sth.
ask sb. not to do sth.
ask sb. for help 向某人求助。
易错:ask the teacher for help,不是ask the teacher help。
22. tell|告诉;讲述;辨别词形:tell—told—told
tell sb. (not) to do sth.
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人有关某事的情况。
tell A from B 区分A和B。
例:The teacher told us not to run.
23. advise|建议;劝告
advise sb. to do sth.
advise doing sth.
词形区别:advise:动词。advice:不可数名词。
易错:“两条建议”是two pieces of advice,不是two advices。
24. allow|允许
allow sb. to do sth.
allow doing sth.
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事。
例:They don’t allow smoking here.We aren’t allowed to smoke here.
**得分关键:**有没有“人”作宾语,后面的结构不同。
25. encourage|鼓励
encourage sb. to do sth.
be encouraged to do sth.
例:We are encouraged to read more.
易错:主动、被动结构中的to都不能漏。
26. invite|邀请
invite sb. to do sth.
invite sb. to+地点/活动。
例:invite me to join;invite me to the party。词形:invite → invitation。
27. remind|提醒;使想起
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事。
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事。
对比:remind me to call him:提醒我给他打电话。remind me of my childhood:使我想起童年。
28. help|帮助
help sb. (to) do sth.
help sb. with sth.
例:help me (to) learn English;help me with English。
易错:help后的to可以省略,不能由此推断所有动词后的to都能省。
29. make|制作;使;让词形:make—made—made
make sb. do sth.
make sb./sth.+形容词。
被动:be made to do sth.
例:The story made me laugh.The news made me happy.
**得分关键:**主动省to,被动补to。
30. let|让;允许词形:let—let—let
let sb. do sth.
Let’s not do sth. 我们不要做某事。
例:Let me try.Let’s not waste time.
这一组集中记:
ask、tell、advise、allow、encourage、invite、remind:接“人+to do”。
make、let:主动结构接“人+动词原形”。
help:接“人+(to) do”。
五、to do和doing都能接,但意思会变
31. remember|记得
remember to do:记得去做。
remember doing:记得做过。
Remember to close the door.记得关门。
I remember closing the door.我记得关过门。
32. forget|忘记词形:forget—forgot—forgotten
forget to do:忘记去做。
forget doing:忘记做过。
I forgot to tell him.我忘了告诉他——没告诉。
I’ll never forget meeting her.我永远不会忘记与她见面的经历——见过。
33. stop|停止
stop doing:停止正在做的事。
stop to do:停下来去做另一件事。
stop sb. from doing:阻止某人做某事。
stop talking:停止说话。stop to talk:停下手头的事去说话。
词形:stopped;stopping。
34. try|尝试;努力
try to do:努力做。
try doing:尝试某种做法。
try one’s best to do:尽某人最大努力做。
例:The door won’t open. Try using another key.门打不开,试试另一把钥匙。
词形:tried;trying。
35. keep|保持;保留;继续词形:keep—kept—kept
keep doing sth. 持续或反复做某事。
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事。
keep sb./sth.+形容词。
例:Sorry to keep you waiting.Keep the classroom clean.
易错:说明人或物的状态用形容词,不用副词。
36. use|使用
三个结构必须分开记:
used to do:过去常常做。I used to walk to school.
be used to doing:习惯于做。I am used to walking to school.
be used to do:被用来做。This tool is used to cut paper.
**判断方法:**先看句意是“过去习惯”“现在习惯”,还是“工具用途”,再选动词形式。
六、易混动词:看方向、对象和语境
37. borrow|借入
borrow sth. from sb.
例:I borrowed a book from Tom.
**得分关键:**东西借到自己这边,用borrow。
38. lend|借出词形:lend—lent—lent
lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
例:Tom lent me a book.=Tom lent a book to me.
持续时间易错:“这本书我借了两周了”用:I have kept the book for two weeks.
不用have borrowed直接表达持续借用两周的状态。
39. bring|带来词形:bring—brought—brought
bring sth. to+地点。
bring sb. sth. 给某人带来某物。
区别:bring侧重带来,take侧重带走。
例:Please bring your homework to school.请把作业带到学校来。
40. receive|收到;接到
receive a letter 收到信。
receive a gift 收到礼物。
**得分关键:**强调客观收到,不一定愿意接受。
41. accept|接受
accept an invitation 接受邀请。
accept advice 接受建议。
对比:She received the gift but didn’t accept it.她收到了礼物,但没有接受。
真题用法③|offer与accept
2022年天津中考单项填空第29题:
My aunt offered me a dictionary and I ____ it happily.A. accepted B. invited C. mixed D. grew
答案:A。
**考点:**前句“姑姑给我词典”,后句“我高兴地接受”,选择accepted。**搭配:**offer sb. sth.;accept sth.。
42. win|赢得;获胜词形:win—won—won
win a match/game/prize 赢得比赛或奖项。
易错:宾语通常是比赛、奖项等。
43. beat|打败;击打词形:beat—beat—beaten
beat sb./a team 打败某人或某支队伍。
对比:We beat their team and won the match.
44. join|加入;参加
join a club/team 加入社团或队伍。
join sb. 加入某人的行列。
join in an activity 参加活动。
区别:join the club:成为社团成员。join in the discussion:参与讨论。
七、介词与词形:填空、写作别在细节上丢分
45. provide|提供
provide sb. with sth.
provide sth. for sb.
例:The school provides students with lunch.=The school provides lunch for students.
对比offer:offer sth. to sb.provide sth. for sb.
46. return|归还;返回
return sth. to sb./somewhere 归还某物。
return to+地点 返回某地。
return home 回家。
易错:return本身已含“回”的意思,通常不加back;home是地点副词,前面不加to。
真题用法④|return sth. to…
2024年天津中考单项填空题:
We ____ the books to the library after we read them.A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught
答案:A。
**考点:**return the books to the library,把书归还图书馆。先根据“读完书”的语境确定“归还”,再核对return…to…结构。
47. reach|到达;达到
reach+地点。
reach an agreement 达成协议。
三种“到达”:
reach Beijingget to Beijingarrive in Beijing
易错:reach后不加to;arrive后接城市、国家常用in,接车站等具体地点常用at。
48. leave|离开;留下;遗忘词形:leave—left—left
leave+地点 离开某地。
leave for+地点 动身去某地。
leave sth.+地点状语 把某物落在某处。
对比:leave Shenzhen:离开深圳。leave for Shenzhen:动身去深圳。leave my bag on the bus:把包落在公交车上。
49. explain|解释;说明
explain sth. to sb.
例:Please explain the rule to me.
易错:不写explain me the rule。词形:explain → explanation。
50. succeed|成功
succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事。
例:They succeeded in solving the problem.
词形辨析:
succeed:动词。success:名词。successful:形容词。successfully:副词。
对比:The activity was successful.We finished the task successfully.
中高考是千军万马过独木桥。词汇量的差距,就是分数上难以逾越的鸿沟。继续让孩子用原始的方法苦苦挣扎,是对时间和潜力的巨大浪费。
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