高考英语语法词汇专项突破：聚焦动词及动词短语八大考点+巩固训练+答案与解析
【高考考例展示】
【考题1】（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English ______?
答案与解析：with。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，
这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而
who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak
with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
【考题2】（2022新高考全国I卷）Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species(物种), bringing
protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案与解析：as。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。分析句子可知，此处考查固定动词短语serve
as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西
北地区的许多动植物带来保护。
【考题3】（2020浙江6月卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control
the world they lived ，through agriculture.
答案与解析：考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。分析句式看出“they lived _____”应是名词the world
的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. 动
词短语live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通
过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
【考题4】（2021浙江1月卷）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased
165 2. 1 in women and men.
答案与解析：by。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示
“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。句意：研究发
现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。
【考点分析】
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题拟题中动词所占比例最大，通过设置一定的题
型来测试考生在具体语境中对动词或动词短语意义的理解和运用能力，试题命制显现出情景化和复杂化的
趋势，设题的角度有细微化的倾向。主要考点有：1、系动词词义和用法的比较；
2、动词的及物与不及物；
3、动词到短暂性与持续性；
4、意思相同或相近的动词比较；
5、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；
6、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较；
7. 不同动词或动词短语词义辨析。
【应考指南】
动词词语辨析和动词短语辨析是一个十分灵活的考点，在考试题中与语境结合的十分密切，在应对该
类题型时要做到以下几点。
1. 善于归纳总结。像有些本来是不及物动词，但是可以跟同源宾语，比如下面这句话就可以记得这些
词：微笑（smile）着生话，（live）歌唱（sing）着战斗，（fight）死(die)也像睡觉（sleep）做梦
（dream）一样甜蜜。还有以某个动词为中心词构成的短语，以某个副词或者介词为中心词构成的短语
等。总要善于总结出意义相似，结构相似，用法类似的词语。
2. 注意词语辨析。对于近义词或近义短语的辨析除了注意意义的区别外，还要注结构上的区别，同时
不要受汉语习惯的影响。
3. 抓住题意。解题时首先要抓住题干的意思，通过对句子结构和意义的分析找出合适的词语或词语的
正确形式，对于动词或者动词短语的熟词生义也不能忽视。
考点一、不同词义的动词或动词短语词义辨析
【考例】(XXXX全国卷II)If you leave the club, you will not be ______ back in.
A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved
解析：B。receive收到；admit准许；turn转变；move移动。
考点二、动词的及物与不及物
及物动词后面必须跟宾语，可以用于"主＋谓＋宾"，要注意有的词可以用于"主＋谓＋双宾"，有的可
以用于"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。有的既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物动词，其意义完全不同。如：
【考例】（XXXX全国I卷）The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted
解析D。由nearly three hours提示知道用不及物动词，被选项中A、B、C都是及物动词，只有D是不及物动词。cover“覆盖，包括”；reach“到达，达到”；play“表演”；last“持续”，是不及物动词，句意是“表
演持续了将近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院”。故选D。
考点三、动词的短暂性与持续性
有的动词所表示的动作可以延续，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这样的动词叫延续性动词。
常见的有：stay/ write/ work/ smile/ talk/ run/ speak/ carry/ exist/ collect/ gather/ repair/ train/ blow/ fight/ have/
lie/ laugh/ hold/ run/ climb/ serve等。有的动词所表示的动作不可以延续，而是在瞬间完成，不可以与表示
一段时间的时间状语连用，这样的动词叫终止性动词或瞬间动词。常见的有：finish/ stop/ start/put/ go/
come/leave/arrive/return/ receive/ jump/ bring/ catch/ close/ cut/ die/ begin/ join /open/ pay/ lose/ fall/ enter/
marry/recognize/kill/ hit/lend/ borrow/buy等。瞬间动词通常不用于进行时态（但是部分动词可以用进行时
表示将来），在完成时态中不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。
She has stayed here for two hours, her eyes fixed upon the tree. 她在这儿有两个小时了，眼睛老是盯着那
棵树。
They didn’t finish their homework until 12 o’clock. 他们到十二点才完成家庭作业。
I borrowed the book the day before yesterday. I wonder how long can I keep it?这本书我是昨天借的，我想
知道我可以看多久。
【典例】---- How long have you ______ your MP4?
---- I bought it three months ago.
A. bought B. had C. remained D. abandoned
解析：B。remain是不及物动词，abandon“丢弃”意思不符。buy是瞬间动词，在完成时肯定句中不与表示
时间段的状语连用，how long问的是时间段。故选B。
考点四、意思相同或相近的动词比较
动词的词义基本相同，但是具体词义和用法有区别，如：cure, heal, treat; accept, receive; listen, hear;
say, speak, tell, talk; reach, arrive, get; abandon, flee, leave; remember, forget; escape, avoid, ignore；lie/lay/ lain
lie/lied/lied lay/laid/laid; hanged/ hung; rise/ raise; used to/ be used to do/ be used to doing; sit/ seat;
experience/ experiment; affect/ effect; advise/ advertise; share/ spare/ dare/ care. happen/ occur/ come
about/ take place(发生); need/ require/ want(需要)；arrive in (at)/ reach/ get to(到达)；stay/ remain/
keep(保留)；supply/ offer/give; do/ take/ make(做)； ride/ drive; ask/ demand/order; prefer/ would rather;
settle/ solve; discover/ invent; say/ speak/ talk/tell; drop/ fall; pay/ reward; take/ bring/ fetch; lend/borrow；look/ seem/ appear…等。
【考例】(XXXX天津卷)Happy birthday，Alice! So you have ________twenty-one already!
A．become B．turned C．grown D．passed
解析：B。选项A表示身份的变化，C表示状态的变化，显然它们与意思不符，应排除；选项B、D都可表
示：(时刻的)超过，但选项B的主语必须是人或事；而D的主语是时间段。因此，根据句子的意思，答案
选B。
考点五、同一动词（与介词副词）或同一介词或副词语动词构成的不同动词词组的用法比较
有些动词可以构成许多动词短语，而且同一个动词短语也会有不同的词义。常见动词短语的构成形式
有：
1．"动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词，当和一些介词搭配后，则把它看成一个整
体，即把它看成一个及物动词。如agree to, break into, call upon, dream of, listen to, operate on, talk about, rely
on, refer to等。
【考例】 (XXXX 福建)The Somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to
________ all nations to take immediate action.
A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on
解析：C。根据后面“立即采取行动”推出“号召”的意思，选 C。call on可以跟宾补结构，call on
sb. to do sth.表示“号召某人干某事是”。 fight for为…而战斗；apply for申请；wait on伺候。
2．"动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的，该结构及物；是不及物的，则不及物，要注意
代词宾语的位置。如：bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, give up, help out, look up, make out, point out,
put away, put down, put off, turn down, use up, work out, break out, carry on, stay up等。
【考例】(XXXX四川)—How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car twice on the way.
A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down
解析：B。考查动词短语的区别，答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次
外。break down抛锚；slow down 慢下来；get down记下，写下；put down 扑灭。故选B。
★常用动词短语固定搭配
I. 及物动词+宾语+介词
1. rob/ cheat/ remind/ expect/ warn/accuse（控告）/ persuade/ cure(治愈)/ inform sb. of sth.
2. keep/ stop/ prevent/ separate/ save/ protect/ choose sb. drom doing sth.3. praise/ remember/ thank/ turn to(求助)/ take（当作）/forgive/blame/ scold/ punish sb. for sth.
4. catch/ pull/ shake sb. by
5. put/ take/ cut/ buy/ borrow sth. off
6. congratulate sb. on sth.
II．及物动词+反身代词+介词
dress oneself in/ break oneself of(去掉……的习惯)/ devote oneself to/ throw oneself into（投身于）…
III．动词短语
通常有1）“动词+介词”，其中的动词往往是不及物动词，与介词一起相当于及物动词，因此跟
宾语；2）“动词+副词”，如果其中的动词是及物动词，跟名词作宾语置于副词前后都可以，但是如
果用代词作宾语则只可以置于动词与副词之间。
★以介词为中心词动词短语小结：
1．V+ with
deal with; meet with; compare with;
talk with; disagree with; agree with;
equip with; combine with与…联合； begin with;
2. V+ on
hold on继续, 不挂断; take on呈现、雇佣、接纳;
depend on依靠; insist on坚持;
carry on继续; catch on抓牢, 理解, 流行;
go on继续; rely on依靠;
keep on继续, 穿着...不脱; switch on旋开;
spend …on; take on a new look呈现出新面貌;
try on试穿; have a pity on同情;
pass on传递; operate on给…做手术
3. V+ out
turn out后来是; work out算出、被证明是; set out开始;
hold out伸出、坚持; carry out执行; point out指出;
pass out出发; hole out救助; break out爆发;
clean out打扫干净; burst out突然爆发; pick out挑出、接收;
figure out计算出; hand out分发; let out泄露；
go out出去, 熄灭; check out查明、结帐; carry out进行、执行;find out查出; bring out 使显示, 出版; read out宣告开除, 把...读出; give out发出(气味、热
等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭;
考例1）：(XXXX湖南，30) He accidentally ______he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t
been home for a couple of weeks.
*A. let out B. took care C. make sure D. make out
点拨：A. let out意为“泄露（秘密），不留神说出”，符合语境；take care当心；make sure确信；
make out理解。题意：他偶然不留神说出他与妻子吵过架，并且已有几周没有回家。
考例2）：(XXXX湖南，22)---______for the glass!
---It’s OK. I’m wearing shoes.
*A. Look out B. Walk out C. Go out D. Send out
点拨：A. look out在口语中常意为“注意，小心”，通常用于祈使句，后接名词时须与 for连用,再
根据“我穿着鞋子”可知Ａ正确。又如：Look out or you will catch cold.当心，否则你会感冒
的walk out罢工，退出；go out外出，熄灭；send out发出，寄出。
4. V+ of
read of读到; think of想到; approve of赞成;
dream of梦见...; die of死于…; hear of听说;
complain of抱怨; consist of由…组成; talk of说道
5. V+ down
die down 渐熄； turn down关小、拒绝; take down记下;
burn down烧毁; close down停业; copy down记下;
write down写下; put down放下, 拒绝, 镇压; lie down 躺下;
drop down突然掉下; pull down拉下、摧毁; slow down (使)慢下来;
run down耗尽； calm down平静下来;
如：(NMETXXXX,31) News reports say peace talk between the two countries _____with no agreement
reached.
*A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
点拨：A. break down意为“破裂，分解，（机器）出故障”，符合语境；break out突然爆发，逃
脱；break in闯入，插嘴；break up分裂，结束，解散。题意：新闻报道说那两国间的和平谈判破裂
了，没有达成协议。
6. V+ offpay off还清； start off起程; leave off中断;
bring off圆满完成任务; call off取消; take off脱下、起飞;
get off下车; set off起程; show off（买弄）;
wear off逐渐消失、磨光; see off着手; go off变坏
cut off切断, 断绝, 剥夺继承权
考例：(XXXX北京，33)He wasa in hospital for months. He felt as if he was ____ from the outside world.
A. cut out B. cut off C cut up D. cut through
点拨：B. cut off意为“（人，地方等）孤立”；cut out切下，删除，剪成；cut up切碎，剁碎；cut
through抄近路。题意：他住院六个月，他觉得与外界隔绝了似的。
7. V+ for
run for 竞选 call for请求、要求 wait for 等待 care for关心、喜欢
bunt for寻找 look for寻找 ask for要求 apply for申请
provide for提供 long for希望 stand for 代表、表示
apologize for道歉go in for从事于 leave for动身前往
wait for等候 search for寻找 head for向…移去
make a dive for 向…冲去
考例：（XXXX北京，35）I don’t ______rock‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into *D. go in for
点拨： D. go in for意为“喜爱”，与后句意义协调；go after追赶，追求；go away with 拿走，带
走；go into进入，详细调查，从事。Rock‘n’ roll摇滚乐。
8．V +from
learn from; suffer from; hear from; 收到某人的来信
differ from; turn from(背叛); result from由于
separate from；
考例：(NMETXXXX23)As we joined the big crowd, I got _______from my friends.
*A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
点拨：A. 从题干中的from的暗示和题意可以看出选A。短语separate from的意思是“与……分
开”，句意是“当我们加入一大群人时，我和朋友走散了”。
9．V+ about
speak about大胆地说, 大声地说; bring about(促成);
care about担心; leave about乱丢;hear about听说; see about考虑;
move about四处走动; set about着手;
think about考虑, 回想； come about发生;
ask about打探、询问; read about阅读而知;
quarrel about因某事而争吵; worry about担心
10. V+ in
give in屈服; hand in交上; drip in顺便走访;
persist in坚持; take in接纳、受欺骗；involve in卷入；
engage in从事； fill in填写, 填满; join in参加;
result in(导致)； trade in(交易) bring in挣得, 介绍引进;
succeed in在某方面取得成就;
11. V+ to
reply to 回答; belong to依靠; apply to（申请）;
come to（到达、谈到）; stick to坚持; agree to同意;
amount to共达到; attend to处理; see to照料、诊治;
attribute to归因于、属于; lead to通向、导致;
考例：(XXXX湖北，32) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ______it.
A. direct to *B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to
点拨：B. stick to意为“坚持（规则、诺言等），与题意相符；direct to指引；lead to导致；refer
to指的是，论及，参考。
12. V+ over
go over复习、翻阅; get over复原、完成; carry over继续下去;
cross over穿过; watch over守卫; win over说服;
laugh over发笑; lean over浮在…上面; leave over遗留;
talk over讨论; hand over移交; glance over浏览;
change over更换; look over检查、查阅
考例：（XXXX福建，33）It is certain that he will _______his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over *C. hand over D. go over
点拨：C .hand over 意为“移交（职位、任务等），常与to连用；take over;接收，占据；think
over仔细考虑；go over复习，调查。题意：当他变老时，他将其生意移交给他儿子，这是肯定
的。13. V+ up
grow up逐渐长大; do up梳理、整理; give up放弃;
hole up举起、受阻; break up(拆散、结束); end up竖着, 结束, 死;
draw up草拟, 停住; set up建立; lay up（卧床、贮存）;
tear up撕开; feed up供给...食物; fix up修理, 商妥;
show up出现; lock up锁上; eat up吃完;
use up用光; bring up（抚养）； stay up挺立、熬夜；
add up加起来； make up组成； dress up打扮;
keep up保持; build up建立起来; warm up变暖、热身;
join up连接起来; take up占用、从事; hurry up匆忙;
get up起床 pick up拣起、接受、获得、搭载;
14. V+ away
throw away; clear away; wear away（磨损、消耗）; die away（逐渐消失）; pass away（去世）; run
away; carry away; break away; wash away; blow away(吹走)
15. V+其它
get through通过、干完; carry through完成;
come through收到、安然度过; live through度过, 经受过;
see through看穿; pass by漠视、不理会、走过;
sit by旁观; run into陷入、碰见;
gaze at（凝视）; stare at盯着看;
glare at怒目瞪视; look at看, 考虑, 着眼于;
tear at撕扯; wonder at（惊讶）
come by从旁走过、得到、经过; work at; laugh at;
以动词为中心词动词短语小结：
1、run
run after追赶、伺候; run about游荡; run across穿过、碰到;
run at突然袭击; run away逃走、流掉; run off跑掉;
run down撞倒、耗尽; run over(撞倒、看一遍
2、set
set back拨回、耽搁; set forth提出; set out开始、着手;
set to开始认真干,开始大吃; set up建立、创立； set fire to放火；set an example to sb.给…树立榜样
3、turn
turn aside闪开; turn back往回走; turn down关小、拒绝;
turn into变成; turn on打开; turn out生产、结构是;
turn to转向、翻到; turn over接管；取代; turn up举起、从事
turn away不准...入内, 走开解雇;
4、take
take away拿走; take back收回; take in接纳、欺骗;
take out取出; take up举起、从事; take apart 拆开、严惩;
take off脱掉、起飞; take on穿上、采纳; take to沉湎于、适应;
take over接管、取代; take aim瞄准; take hold of抓住;
take one’s place代替某人的职务; take a message for给某人捎口信;
take it easy别着急; take…for granted认为…当然;
take one’s temperature量体温; take pride in以…自豪;
take part in参加; take one’s seat就座;
take the side of支持某方; take the place of代替;
take great trouble to do sth不辞劳苦地做某事;
take sth. by mistake错拿某物;
5、give
give up放弃; give away泄露、出卖、赠送;
give in屈服; give advice on sth提供有关…的建议;
give one’s life for为…而献身; give a lesson to sb. 给…上课;
give a concert举办音乐会 give out发出、分发;
如：(XXXX 北京，23)Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____the shocking
ending.
*A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
考例：A. give away此处意为“（不经意地）泄露（秘密等）”，符合语境；give out分配，发
表，散发；give up放弃，戒除，中止，让出；give off放出（光、烟、气味等），散发。题意：
别在故事的开头就提及此事，否则会泄露令人怵木惊心的结局的。
6、get
get up起床; get to到达; get off下车;get through干完、通过; get about走动、传播; get across通过;
get down to着手于; get in a word插话; get into进入、陷入;
get over爬过、克服； get rid of去掉； get in a way挡道；
get on well with与…相处； get in touch with与…取得联系；
get down on one’s knees跪下； get warmer变得暖和；
get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； get together聚集, 收集, 积累
考例：(XXXX北京春招，27) We’re going to ________with some friends for a picnic. Would you like
to join us?
A. get in B. get over C. get along *D. get together
考例：D. get together意为“相聚（指非正式的聚会）”；get in:进入，插花，收获；get along设
法度过，过活；get over越过，克服。题意：我们打算跟几个朋友搞个野餐聚会，你想参加吗？
7、call
call for去接某人; call at (some place)拜访某地;
call on sb. 拜访某人; call in召集, 召来, 来访;
call off叫走, 放弃, 取消; call on sb. to do sth 号召; call/draw one’s attention to 引起某人注意；
call for help引起某人的注意
8、come
come down下来; come true实现; come out出来;
come at向…扑来; come across遇见; come along过来;
come back回来; come into being形成; come to苏醒;
come to know终于认识到;come up走近、发芽、被提出; come in进来;
come back回来; come into power上台; come through安然度过;
come from来自于…; come about发生; come on突然产生, 快点；
9、do
do a good deed做好事; do away with废除;
do sb. wrong冤枉某人; do some cleaning打扫除;
do one’s homework做家庭作业; do sb. a favor帮某人一个忙;
do one’s best尽力; do good to对…有益;
do harm to对…有害; do up束起, 重新整修, 收拾齐整
10、look
look about注意看四周; look around环顾;look up仰视、查阅; look down on/upon轻视;
look upon…as把…看作; look over看过一遍;
look at看, 考虑, 着眼于; look on旁观;
look like像..., 似...,外表特征是; look back回头看、回归;
look for寻找, 期待; look after目送, 寻求, 照顾, 关心
look into窥视, 浏览, 观察;
11、put
put away放好、收起来; put off推迟、延期;
put on穿上; put on weight增重;
put down把…放下; put…to bed哄…睡觉;
put up举起、张贴; put one’s heart into送入、输入;
put up with容忍、忍受
考例：(NMETXXXX,32) You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _______the books
when you’ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down *C. put back D. put off
点拨：C. put on穿上，上映；put down放下，写下，镇压；put back放回，拨回，阻碍；put off延
期。依据语境选择put back.
12、 pay
pay a visit to pay attention to
pay a call pay a debt(taxes)
pay money for sth. pay through the nose付出过高的代价
pay a call on sb. (=pay sb. a visit)访问某人
13、make
make a fire( a machine/ a hat/ a road/ railway/ a canal…)
make a speech(a suggestion/ a promise/ a request/ a remark…)
make a journey (an effort/ an offer)
make fun of; make a fool of; make a rush for;
make a dive for; make use of; make ends meet;
make one’s way; make sure; make a face扮鬼脸；
make a go of在…获得成功； make believe假装;
make the most of最大限度地利用; make up for补偿;make out辨明或看清、理解；
考例1）：(NMETXXXX北京，32)The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try
to ______.
*A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over
点拨：A. make out此处意为“理解，弄明白”，make it out指弄明白它；make off急忙离开；
make up构成，编造，打扮，调节；make over改（重）做，把（土地、财产等）转让。题意：这
种想法使我如此迷惑不解以致停下来几秒钟尽量搞明白。
考例2）：(XXXX浙江，25) We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _______ as planned.
A. make out *B. turn out C. go on D. come up
点拨： B. turn out用作不及物动词，意为“产生（……的）结果。又如Everything turned out well.
一切顺遂。make out勉强分辨出，理解；go on进行，继续；come up出现，（真相）大白，出
版。
考点六、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较
这些动词短语的基本意思相同，甚至有时可以互换，但是在用法上和具体意义上有区别。像表示
“发生”的come about, take place, become of; 表示“处理”的deal with, do with等。
【典例】Mary hoped that she could have known how the accident ______.
A. came about B. became of C. was taken place D. was happened
解析：A。表示“发生”的短语通常不用被动语态，排除C,D。become of表示“发生”， 一般用于
问句或由疑问词引导的从句中，多与what连用，如：What has become of him? 他情况怎么样？come about
表示发生，多与how连用。故选A
考点七、系动词词义和用法比较
注意区别表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词。表状态的连系动词有：stand, stay, keep, remain
等；表示动作或变化有 turn, come, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get, fall等。
【考例】(XXXX湖北) Emergency line operators must always calm and make sure that they get all
the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
解析：D。根据“确保得到所有派送帮组的信息”知道 D正确，四个选项都可以作连系动词，题意是
“保持冷静”的意思，系动词stay有“保持”的意思。故选D。考点七、跟同源宾语的动词
有些动词通常用作不及物动词，但是也可以跟宾语，不过可以作其宾语的名词仅限于与其同根的名
词，也就是从词源来考虑是同源，因此称之为同源宾语，通常不可以变为被动语态。如：
live(lead) a(an) happy/miserable/ bitter life 过着幸福/悲惨/痛苦的生活
smile a little smile微微一笑
fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮仗
sing an Japanese song 唱一首日本歌曲
whistle a low whistle 吹了低声口哨
smile (a smile of) one’s thank 笑者表示感谢
nod (a nod of) one’s agreement 点头表示同意
kiss sb (a kiss of) good-bye 向某人吻别
dream a terrible dream 作了一个噩梦
die a glory death 死得光荣
【真题体验】
1. (XXXX安徽) Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.
A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means
解析：C。考查不同词义的词语辨析和熟词生义。四个备选项都是及物动词，看句子的意思感觉应该
是“正如Scotti教授所说的那样”，根据常见的意思看没有合适的，但是put有“表达，叙述，说明”的意
思，故选C。但是这条意义同学们接触的比较少，往往误选D。
2. (XXXX安徽) We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all ______.
A. given away B. kept away /C. taken up D. used up
解析：C。考查动词词义辨析。句意是桌子都被“占满”了，选C。use up用完，实际上是桌子还在，
只是没有空的了，use up是“用完，耗尽”的意思，不符合题意义。
3. (XXXX安徽) Don’t be discouraged. If you ____ such feelings, you will do better next time.
A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away
解析：D。考查动词词组辨析。carry on继续；get back收回；break down抛锚，出故障；put away收
起，放好，抛弃。选D。如put away all negative thoughts. 抛弃所有消极的思想。get back拿回，收回；
break down出故障；carry on继续。
4. (XXXX安徽) ---- Are you happy with your new computer?
---- No, it is ______ me a lot of trouble.A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
解析：C。词义辨析。根据否定回答知道电脑反而增添了麻烦，选C。show展示；leave留下，离开，
使得；give给予；spare抽出。
5. (XXXX 合肥一模)He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed to have completely____
his confidence．
A．injured B．destroyed C．shocked． D．attacked
解析：B。考查不同词汇的词义辨析。injure 伤害，损害；destroy 破坏，摧毁；shock 震惊；
attack袭击。由sigh“叹气”和failure的提示看出是“使他完全没有信心了”。故选B。
6. (XXXX 合肥一模)The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______
their talent and skills．
A．give out B．take in C．show off D．carry on
解析：C。考查不同动词短语的词义理解。根据宾语 talent and skills 和chances提示看出是“展
示”的意思，show off 意思是“炫耀，展示”，故 C 正确。give out 放出，发出，分发；take in 吸
收，欺骗；carry on继续。
7. (XXXX合肥二模) Peter didn’t do his homework and then he a silly excuse to his teacher.
A. made B. had C. found D. took
解析：A。考查动词词义辨析。短语make an excuse意思是“找借口”。
8. (XXXX合肥二模)The boy keeps coughing. And the doctor tells the parents it still needs more time to
the reason,
A. put off B. figure out C. make up D. look through
解析：B。考查动词短语词义辨析。figure out算出(想出,理解,断定,解决)；put off推出，延期；make
up编造，化妆；look through浏览，翻阅。根据宾语the reason知道是“查明原因”。故选B。
9. (XXXX合肥三模) I_______ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no
offence.
A. owe B. make C. demand D. accept
解析：A。考查动词词义理解。owe本来是“欠”的意思，短语 owe sb. an apology 意思是“向
某人道歉”，同make an apology to sb.故选A。
10. (XXXX合肥三模) I ____ a flu when I was on a spring outing with my classmates.
A. caught up B. picked up C. took up D. brought up
解析：B。考查动词短语词义辨析和短语本身的多义性。pick up 除了常见的“拾起，接收，获
得，收拾，承载”等意思外，还有“染上（病）”的意思。catch up 赶上；take up 拿起，开始，从
事；bring up养育，提起。
【模拟训练】一、热身训练
1. You should always _________ the possibility that it might rain. So you’d better take an umbrella in case.
A. allow for B. allow of C. answer for D. call for
2.— Do you know Jane married to that rich man?
— Really? I doubt whether she has lived a happy life.
— You know, she is always _______ happiness with having money.
A. satisfying B. depending C. abandoning D. associating
3. —My sister is a typist at a foreign firm.
—I know this sort of job ______skill and speed.
A. asks for B. calls for C. pays for D. cares for
4. These blocks you are kicking under foot, like valueless stones, ______ the purest gold.
A. contain B. is C. include D. share
5. China has raised this question to remind all countries to be careful when they —______ their policies towards
China.
A. decide on B. put on C. depend on D. insist on
6. When I went to see the doctor, she _______ me to give up smoking immediately, but I didn’t take her advice.
A. agreed B. advised C. hoped D. persuaded
7. —What do you think of our plan?
—It will certainly ______; it is a great idea.
A. turn into B. pay back C. pay for D. pay off
8. --- Write down the names of people you meet, and then ________ them.
---- Is that the way you have made so many friends? But I don’t want to see any stranger.
A. keep an eye on B. keep clear of C. keep out of D. keep track of
9. Human rights lawyers have ________ the police of beating Murkett to death.
A. charged B. accused C. praised D. arranged
10. --- What did she do with my letter yesterday?
---- She ______ your letter and threw it away.
A. took up B. pulled up C. tore up D. got up
11. She awoke with her body lazily lying there, only slight pain to _______ her of what had happened the previous
night.
A. remind B. persuade C. rob D. accuse12. For years the workers have had to _______ low wages and terrible working conditions.
A. recognize B. tolerate C. forbid D. respect
13. ---- What do you think of his clothes?
---- Not very well. In fact the color of the shirt does not _______ that of the coat.
A. fit B. go C. suit D. match
14. He had had a very hard time indeed to persuade the King, but he had ______ no pains.
A. shared B. cost C. paid D. spared
15. The party then ______ the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty iron box.
A. searched B. looked C. conducted D. saw
二、强化训练
1. （XXXX 湖北）Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of
danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
2.（XXXX 湖北）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy
families had to ______ bread for days.
A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with
3.（XXXX湖北）The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred
million dollars.
A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled
4. (XXXX四川) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ________fine.、
A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along
5.（XXXX福建）We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
6.（XXXX湖北）Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through
7.（XXXX江西）It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
8.（XXXX全国卷I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________.
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through
9.（XXXX山东）-------Do you have enough to ________all your daily expenses?--------Oh yes, enough and to spare.
A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer
10. （XXXX全国卷I） Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.
A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push
11.（XXXX山东）Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to _______, so she left.
A. show B. go up C. fit in D. come over
12.（XXXX陕西） A. notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up
13. （XXXX四川）—Have you __________?
—No. I had the wrong number.
A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through
14. (XXXX四川) Mum ________ to us，“Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping．”
A．whispered B．shouted C．explained D．replied
15. （XXXX 浙江）Practisig Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength, but also develop one’s
character.
A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up
【参考答案与解析】
一、热身训练
1. A。allow for“估计到, 考虑到; 对...留有余地”；allow of“容许”；answer for“负责, 保证”；call
for“要求, 提倡”。根据题意知道是建议“考虑到”下雨的可能性，所以建议带雨伞。故选A。
2. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意是：--- 你知道简嫁给那个有钱人了么？--- 真的吗？我不知道她的生
活是否幸福。--- 你是知道的，她总是把幸福跟拥有金钱联系在一起。satisfy“满意”；depend“依靠”；
abandon“遗弃”；associate（with）“把...联系起来”。
3. B。call for意思是“需要”，句意是：这种工作需要技能和速度。
4. A。主语是复数，排除单数形式的B选项。根据题意应该是“含有”黄金，不是“包括”，排除
C，share的意思是“分享，分摊”，不合题意。故选A。句意是：你们这样满不在乎地用脚踢来踢去的石
头，里面都含着黄金。
5. A。decide on的短语动词，意思是“对……作出决定，决定……”。句意是：中国提出这样的问题
是为了提醒各国决定对华政策时要谨慎。A正确。depend on依靠; insist on坚持。
6.B。A,C项不可以跟动词不定式作宾补，排除。根据but后的转折看出并没有“说服”，排除D，只有B正确，advise sb. to do sth.意思是“建议某人做某事”。故选B。
7. D。pay off除了“还清”的意思，还有“取得成功;得到好结果”，如：Two years of business school
really paid off. 在商业学校就读两年真是很合算。
8. D。keep an eye on“密切注意，照料”；keep clear of“避开，不接触”；keep out of“躲开；置身于…
之外”；keep track of“（继续）了解……的情况，记住……的情况，保持联系”。根据下句提到的“你就
是这样交朋友的吗？”知道选D。
9 B。根据题干的lawyers “律师”提示知道应该是“起诉”的意思，再根据后面的介词of看出是短语
accuse sb. of sth.“指控某人...”。故选B。同义短语是charge sb. with sth.，注意介词搭配不同。
10. C。tear up的意思是“撕碎”，与后面的threw it away“扔掉”相联系，这些都是她对“我”所写的
信的处理方式。故选C。take up“拿起, 开始从事，占有”；pull up“拔起, 停下”；get up“”，都不符合题
意。
11. A。被选项都可以用Vt+sb.+of+sth.结构，但是要注意题意，根据题意选A，意思是“提醒，使……
想起”。persuade sb. of sth“使某人相信……”；rob sb. of sth.“抢劫某人某物”；
12. B。根据句子的意思知道工人对低工资和恶劣的工作环境既然达到“不得不”的地步就不可能是
“承认，认可”“禁止”“尊敬”，因此表示“容忍，忍受”的tolerate符合题意，句意是“多年以来工人
们不得不忍受低工资和恶劣的工作环境”。故选B。
13. D。根据题干所提供的衬衫的颜色和外套的颜色可以看出是指两者的颜色的“匹配”，被选项中
match的意思是“相配; 匹配”的意思，故选D。fit表示“（大小）合适”；go表示“匹配”是不及物动
词，与介词with连用；suit表示“（颜色，样式等）合适”。
14. D。注意题干的转折词but，前面提到“说服国王有困难”，由此可以看出后面的意思是依然坚持
做，故选D，短语spare no pains意思是“不遗余力, 全力以赴”。
不遗余力；spare no expense不惜工本等。
15. A。根据题干的thoroughly“彻底地”和后面did not find anything“没有找到任何东西”可以看出A正
确，search意思是“搜索, 搜寻, 探求, 调查”。
二、强化训练
1. C。 根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤
害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”；spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”；dismiss“开除，使解散”；
distinguish“区别”。
2. C。根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即使是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“没有……勉强度过”。eat up“吃完”，give away“收拾”，deal with“应
付，处理”。
3. A。根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计……”，应选择 calculated。considered“考
虑”，completed“完成”，controlled“控制”，均不符合上下文。
4. D。look out当心；stay up熬夜， carry on继续做，坚持干；get along（on）（与某人）和睦相处，
关系融洽。题意是“我以前常和父母吵架，但现在我们关系融洽了”。
5. B。beg乞求，乞讨，恳求；hesitate犹豫，踌躇；desire欲望；愿望；seek试图，要求。题干意思
是：我们为你服务，当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B。
6. D。该句意思是“请你为我检查一下文章看是否有明显错误”。look through可表示“检查，浏览”
之意；look around“环顾”，look into“调查”；look up“抬头看，查阅”。
7. C。根据题意可知应选look into “调查”。
8. D。考查考生对短语动词词义的判断能力。句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get
along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意选D。
9. A。考查词义的区别：cover 意为（钱）足够的。
10. D。句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们搞得太难了。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike
打,罢工,划燃；rush冲进,匆促行事,催；draw 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意选D。
11. C。考查短语的区别：show off炫耀，卖弄；go up上升，上涨；fit in相处融洽，合得来；come
over顺便来访。
12. D。send up：发射；give up：放弃，传上去；set up：提出，提议；竖起，升起；put up：张贴。题
干意思是：一个通知被张贴出来，以便告知学生们演讲的新时间。选D。
13. D。get in”插话，收割”；get away”离开，走开”；get off”下车”；get through”接通电话，完成，
到达，通过”，由此可知该题的答案为:D，意思是“你接通电话了吗？”
14. A。根据Your little sister’s sleeping提示知道母亲讲话的声音不可能大，要求安静时应该是悄悄的说
或者是耳语。故选A。
15. C。 根据宾语strength看出C正确。bring up抚养，养育；take up占用，从事；build up加强（力
量），增强（体质）；pull up把其，使停下。
