小学英语语法 500 条|1-6年级全覆盖,从入门直通小升初(附地道例句)

【01 字母与音标基础】

1 英语一共有 26 个字母，分为元音字母和辅音字母。例：Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd are English letters.

2 五个元音字母为 a，e，i，o，u，其它是辅音字母。例：This is an apple.

3 字母有大写和小写两种形式，句首单词首字母必须大写。例：She is my friend.

4 人名、称呼首字母需要大写。例：Tom, Miss Wang, Unc le Li are capitalized.

5 国家、城市名称首字母大写。例：China and Hangzhou are beautiful.

6 星期和月份首字母大写。例：Monday comes after Sunday.

7 句子末尾必须带上标点，陈述句用句号。例：I like cats.

8 疑问句末尾使用问号。例：Do you like milk?

9 感叹句末尾使用感叹号。例：What a cute dog!

10 英文标点不能和中文混用，英文句号是小黑点，不是空心句号。例：I like apples.

11 音标用来标注单词读音，分为元音和辅音两大类。例：We use phonetic symbols to read words.

12 长元音发音要拉长，短元音短促轻快。例：/ɑː/in car and /ʌ/in cup sound different.

13 双元音由两个元音组合而成，发音要顺滑滑动。例：Say /eɪ/in rain slowly.

14 清辅音发音声带不震动。例：/p/, /t/, /k/are voiceless consonants.

15 浊辅音发音声带震动。例：/b/, /d/, /ɡ/are voiced consonants.

16 单词重音符号标在重读音节前，读音要加重。例：We say 'happy with stress on the first part.

17 闭音节：元音字母后面紧跟着辅音字母，元音读短音。例：Cat is a closed syllable word.

18 开音节分为绝对开音节和相对开音节，元音常读本音。例：Name is an open syllable word.

19 字母组合 ai 常读 /eɪ/。例：It will rain this afternoon.

20 字母组合 ee 常读 /iː/。例：I see my friend.

21 字母组合 oo 有两种读法，长音 /uː/ 和短音 /ʊ/。例：Food is long; book is short.

22 sh 组合读 /ʃ/，ch 组合常读 /tʃ/。例：The ship hits the chair.

23 th 有清浊两种读音。例：Think hard about this thing.

24 字母 y 在词首常读 /j/。例：Yes, you are right.

25 单词连读时相邻单词可以顺滑衔接。例：Please pick up your bag.

26 失去爆破遇到 /p//t//k/ 等，只做口型不读出声音。例：Sit down quietly.

27 一般情况下实词需要重读，虚词弱读。例：I am a student.

28 缩写读音更简短。例：I’m happy and don’t worry.

29 同一个单词可以有不同词性，读音有时跟着变化。例：Record as noun and verb sound differently.

30 掌握音标，可以自主拼读陌生单词，不用一直依靠跟读记读音。例：With phonics, I can read new words.

【03 代词】

1 人称代词分为主格与宾格，主格用来充当句子主语。例：He runs fast.

2 I，you，he，she，it，we，they 都是人称代词主格。例：We are good friends.

3 主格一般放在动词前面。例：He likes drawing pictures.

4 宾格用来充当宾语，放在动词或者介词后面。例：Help him please.

5 me，you，him，her，it，us，them 属于人称代词宾格。例：The teacher sees them.

6 Give her a pencil，动词后面使用宾格 her。例：Please give her a pencil.

7 Come with me，介词后面的代词要用宾格。例：Come with me.

8 形容词性物主代词后面必须接上名词，不能单独使用。例：This is my book.

9 my，your，his，her，its，our，their 是形容词性物主代词。例：Their cat is cute.

10 This is my ruler，my 后面紧跟着名词 ruler。例：This is my ruler.

11 名词性物主代词可以单独使用，后面不再加名词。例：This pen is mine.

12 mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs 属于名词性物主代词。例：That bag is hers.

13 This pen is mine，等同于 This is my pen。例：This pen is mine.

14 its 表示它的，不要和 it’s（it is）弄混。例：The dog wags its tail.

15 this 是指示代词，指代近处单数物品。例：This is an eraser.

16 that 指代远处单数物品。例：That is a big tree.

17 these 是 this 的复数，指代近处多个物品。例：These are ducks.

18 those 是 that 的复数，指代远处多个物品。例：Those are cows.

19 it 可以指代物品、动物、天气、日期。例：It is rainy today.

20 it 可以用作形式主语，真正主语放在句子后方。例：It’s fun to swim.

21 it 用来回答 what’s this /that，回答统一用 It is…。例：—What’s this? —It is a pen.

22 who 是疑问代词，用来询问是谁。例：Who is that boy?

23 what 用来询问事物。例：What is inside the box?

24 whose 用来询问是谁的东西。例：Whose umbrella is this?

25 which 用来询问哪一个，有选择范围。例：Which colour do you prefer?

26 whom 是 who 的宾格，多用于书面。例：Whom do you meet at the gate?

27 反身代词表示自己，单数有 myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself。例：I do it myself.

28 反身代词复数：ourselves，yourselves，themselves。例：They enjoy themselves.

29 enjoy oneself 是固定搭配，表示玩得开心。例：They enjoy themselves at the party.

30 help oneself 表示随便吃。例：Help yourself to some cakes.

31 each 侧重个体，每一个，可以接 of。例：Each of us has a notebook.

32 every 侧重整体，后面不能直接加 of。例：Every student tries hard.

33 both 表示两者都，谓语使用复数。例：Both of them like reading.

34 all 表示三者以及以上全部。例：All the students arrive on time.

35 either 表示两者当中任意一个，谓语多用单数。例：Either answer works well.

36 neither 表示两者都不，谓语常用单数。例：Neither cat likes fish.

37 one…the other… 用于两者，一个，另一个。例：I have two pens, one red, the other blue.

38 some…others… 表示一部分，另一部分。例：Some are singing, others are dancing.

39 another 指三者以上当中再一个。例：I want another apple.

40 the others 表示剩下全部。例：There are ten books, five are mine, the others are his.

41 other 后面需要搭配名词复数。例：Other children run on the playground.

42 the other 后面可以接单数或者复数名词，特指剩下的。例：Take the other book.

43 no one 只能指人，意思没有人，不接 of。例：No one knows the secret.

44 none 可以指人或者物，常搭配 of，表示一个都没有。例：None of them is late.

45 something，anything，everything，nothing 属于不定代词。例：Something is wrong here.

46 something 多用于肯定句，表示某物某事。例：I find something interesting.

47 anything 多用于否定句和疑问句，表示任何事物。例：I don’t see anything.

48 everything 代表一切事物，作主语谓语用单数。例：Everything is ready.

49 nothing 表示什么都没有。例：There is nothing in the bag.

50 修饰不定代词的形容词，要放在代词后面。例：I find something new.

【04 冠词】

1 冠词分为不定冠词 a，an，定冠词 the，还有零冠词。例：I see a dog, the dog is small.

2 a 放在辅音音素开头单词前面。例：I have a dog and a school bag.

3 an 放在元音音素开头单词前面。例：This is an egg and an orange.

4 判断 a 和 an，看发音，不看首字母，这是高频易错点。例：An hour starts with silent h.

5 hour 首字母 h 不发音，读音元音开头，要用 an。例：I wait for an hour.

6 university 元音字母开头，但是发音为辅音，要用 a。例：I study in a university.

7 a，an 泛指一个，第一次提到某物的时候经常使用。例：I meet a girl.

8 如果前面已经提过这个名词，再次提到就要用 the。例：The girl likes drawing.

9 the 用来特指某一个特定的人或者物品。例：The cup on the desk is mine.

10 世界上独一无二的事物前面要加 the。例：The sun rises in the east.

11 江河、海洋、山脉、运河前面通常加上 the。例：The Changjiang River is long.

12 普通名词构成专有名词，大多带 the。例：We visit the Great Wall.

13 乐器名称前面，必须加上定冠词 the。例：She can play the piano.

14 球类运动前面不加任何冠词。例：I play basketball after school.

15 一日三餐前面一般不用冠词。例：I have breakfast at seven.

16 学科名称前面不加冠词。例：I learn Chinese and science.

17 星期、月份前面不加冠词。例：We meet on Friday in April.

18 颜色单词前面不加冠词。例：It is pink.

19 形容词最高级前面，通常加上 the。例：She is the tallest girl.

20 序数词前面一般带上 the，表示第几。例：I live on the second floor.

21 the + 姓氏复数，表示一家人。例：The Greens like travelling.

22 the + 形容词，表示一类人。例：We help the old and the poor.

23 表示一类事物，可以用 the + 单数名词。例：The panda is cute.

24 独一无二的头衔、称呼，在补语位置常常不加冠词。例：We choose him monitor.

25 by + 交通工具，中间不加冠词。例：I go by train and by bike.

26 on foot 是固定搭配，不能写成 on the foot。例：I go home on foot.

27 go to school 表示上学，不加 the；go to the school 表示去学校这个地方。例：Children go to school.

28 at home，at school，in bed，go to bed，固定搭配零冠词。例：I stay at home.

29 in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening 需要带 the。例：I read in the morning.

30 at noon，at night，固定短语不加 the。例：We rest at noon.

31 a 可以表示每一，相当于 every。例：I exercise once a day.

32 a 和 one 不一样，a 重在泛指，one 重在强调数量。例：I want one apple, not two.

33 人名、国家、城市这类专有名词前面一般不加冠词。例：I love Beijing.

34 如果专有名词有修饰限定，偶尔可以加 the。例：The China of today is strong.

35 如果名词前面已经有物主代词，不再叠加冠词，不能说 my a pen。例：This is my pen.

36 such a /an + 形容词 + 名词。例：It is such a nice day.

37 what a /an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数，用于感叹句。例：What a lovely cat!

38 quite a /an 表示相当。例：He is quite a clever boy.

39 half an hour，an 不能替换成 a，因为 hour 元音开头。例：I wait for half an hour.

40 当名词前面有 this，that，these，those，不再使用冠词。例：This book is good.

【05 数词】

1 基数词用来表达数量，one，two，three，four，five。例：I have three books.

2 thirteen 到 nineteen，词尾带有 teen，属于十几。例：He is thirteen years old.

3 twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，词尾 ty，表示整十。例：She is twenty.

4 二十一到九十九，书写使用连字符。例：I have twenty-one crayons.

5 hundred 表示百，one hundred，two hundred。例：There are one hundred students.

6 如果 hundred 前面有具体数字，后面不能加 s。例：Five hundred people come.

7 hundreds of 表示成百上千，是概数，必须加上 s，还要搭配 of。例：Hundreds of birds fly here.

8 thousand 代表千，three thousand，thousands of。例：Thousands of flowers bloom.

9 million 代表百万，two million，millions of。例：Millions of kids love cartoons.

10 billion 代表十亿，用法和 hundred，thousand 保持一致。例：Billions of stars shine.

11 序数词用来表达顺序，翻译为第几。例：I am the first one.

12 first，second，third，这三个序数词变化特殊，单独记忆。例：He is second in line.

13 四到十九的序数词大多直接在基数词末尾加上 th。例：fourth, sixth.

14 eight 变 eighth，去掉 t 再加 h；nine 变 ninth，去掉 e。例：This is my ninth gift.

15 five，twelve，把 ve 修改成 f，再加 th，fifth，twelfth。例：Today is the twelfth day.

16 以 y 结尾的整十数，变 y 为 ie，再加 th。例：This is the twentieth lesson.

17 如果基数词几十几变序数词，只改变后面个位。例：He is the twenty-first winner.

18 序数词前面大多搭配 the。例：I read the first page.

19 如果序数词前面有物主代词，不再加 the。例：This is my first toy.

20 日期书写常用序数词，读作 June the first，写作 June 1st。例：Her birthday is June 1st.

21 年份朗读使用基数词。例：He was born in nineteen ninety-nine.

22 时刻表达，整点直接使用基数词。例：I get up at six.

23 past 用来表示已经过了几点，不超过三十分钟。例：It is ten past nine.

24 to 表示还差几分到下一个整点。例：It is ten to seven.

25 quarter 代表一刻钟，a quarter 等于 fifteen minutes。例：Wait a quarter.

26 half 表示一半，half past ten 就是十点半。例：We meet at half past ten.

27 编号可以用名词加上基数词。例：I live in Room 401, Class Two.

28 电话号码逐个读出数字，全部使用基数词。例：My number is five six one two.

29 分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词。例：One fifth of the class comes early.

30 如果分子大于一，分母序数词后面加上 s。例：Two thirds of them like it.

31 四分之三写作 three quarters，属于高频固定写法。例：Three quarters of the water is gone.

32 twice 表示两倍，三倍以及以上使用 times。例：This room is three times bigger.

33 表达年龄：数词 + years old，或者 a + 连字符形容词。例：She is ten years old.

34 a ten-year-old girl，连字符里面单词一律使用单数。例：A ten-year-old girl sings well.

35 in one’s + 整十复数，表示在某人几十多岁。例：She wrote books in her forties.

36 dozens of 表示许多，几十个；tens of 几十个。例：Dozens of birds fly over.

37 表达编号也可以使用 the + 序数词 + 名词。例：This is the second class.

38 zero 可以读作 zero 或者 oh，多用于号码、数字。例：The number is zero eight.

39 “加” 用 plus，“减” 用 minus，“等于” 可以用 is。例：Two plus three is five.

40 小数朗读，小数点读作 point。例：One point five kilograms is not heavy.

【06 形容词与副词】

1 形容词用来修饰名词，放在名词前面，描绘事物特征。例：A soft pillow feels nice.

2 a soft pillow，soft 是形容词，修饰后面名词 pillow。例：A soft pillow feels nice.

3 形容词可以放在 be 动词后面，充当表语。例：The cake is sweet.

4 多个形容词修饰名词，顺序大致：描绘，大小，形状，颜色，材质。例：A small round red wooden box.

5 a small round red wooden box，就是标准顺序。例：I buy a small round red wooden box.

6 副词大多用来修饰动词，说明动作怎么做。例：She sings beautifully.

7 She sings beautifully，beautifully 修饰动词 sing。例：She sings beautifully.

8 副词还可以修饰形容词、别的副词。例：It is very quiet.

9 大部分形容词在词尾加上 ly，变成副词。例：Walk slowly.

10 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，变 y 为 i 再加 ly。例：He does homework easily.

11 以 le 结尾，去掉 e 加上 y。例：He explains it simply.

12 少数单词形容词副词同形，fast，hard，late。例：He runs fast.

13 good 是形容词，对应的副词是 well，属于不规则变化。例：She dances well.

14 well 也可以表示身体状况良好。例：I feel well today.

15 频率副词 always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never。例：I always get up early.

16 频率副词位置：放在 be 动词之后，实义动词之前。例：He is always happy.

17 He is always happy；He always gets up early。例：He always gets up early.

18 程度副词 very，so，too，quite，放在形容词副词前面。例：It is so hot.

19 too + 形容词 + to do，表示太…… 以至于不能。例：He is too young to go alone.

20 enough 修饰形容词，放在形容词后面。例：He is old enough to go to school.

21 形容词副词有原级、比较级、最高级三级变化。例：tall, taller, tallest.

22 比较级用来对比两者，表示更……。例：This box is heavier.

23 一般情况词尾加上 er。例：He is taller than me.

24 以 e 结尾，直接加上 r。例：This apple is nicer.

25 辅元辅结构，双写末尾辅音再加 er。例：The day gets hotter.

26 辅音加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 er。例：She is busier than before.

27 多音节单词比较级前面加上 more。例：This story is more wonderful.

28 不规则比较级：good/well—better；bad/badly—worse。例：I feel better now.

29 many/much 的比较级是 more；little 的比较级是 less。例：I have less time.

30 far 两个比较级：farther（距离更远），further（更进一步）。例：He runs farther.

31 比较级搭配 than，表示比。例：This box is heavier than that one.

32 much，a little，even 可以修饰比较级。例：This shirt is much cheaper.

33 the + 比较级 + of the two，表示两者当中更…… 的一个。例：She is the taller of the two.

34 最高级用于三者或者三者以上对比，表示最……。例：He is the tallest.

35 规则最高级词尾加 est，多音节前面加 the most。例：This is the most beautiful flower.

36 不规则最高级：best，worst，most，least。例：This is the best gift.

37 最高级经常搭配范围词 in，of，among。例：He is the tallest in class.

38 as + 原级 + as，表示和…… 一样。例：She is as tall as me.

39 not as /so + 原级 + as，表示不如……。例：I am not so tall as her.

40 比较级 + and + 比较级，表示越来越。例：It becomes hotter and hotter.

41 the + 比较级，the + 比较级，表示越…… 就越……。例：The more you read, the more you know.

42 有些形容词本身没有比较级，比如 dead，true，whole。例：It is a whole cake.

43 -ing 形容词大多用来形容事物令人怎么样。例：The book is interesting.

44 -ed 形容词用来形容人的感受。例：I feel interested.

45 excited 感到兴奋；exciting 令人激动。例：I am excited about the exciting news.

46 surprised 感到吃惊；surprising 令人吃惊。例：I feel surprised at the surprising story.

47 “Which + 比较级，A or B” 用于两者选择提问。例：Which is bigger, the cat or the dog?

48 “Which + 最高级，A，B or C” 三者选择提问。例：Which is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Amy?

49 quite 一般搭配原级，很少直接修饰比较级。例：It is quite quiet here.

50 rather 可以修饰原级，也可以修饰比较级。例：This one is rather better.

【07 介词】

1 介词用来连接名词代词，表达时间、地点、方式、所属。例：I walk with my friend.

2 in 后面接年份、月份、季节。例：I was born in 2026.

3 in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening 使用 in。例：I read books in the evening.

4 on 后面接具体某一天。例：We play on Sunday.

5 如果早中晚带有具体日期修饰，介词改用 on。例：We met on a cold morning.

6 at 后面接具体时刻。例：I get up at eight o’clock.

7 at 搭配 at noon，at night，at Christmas。例：We have fun at Christmas.

8 in 表示在物体内部。例：The ball is in the basket.

9 on 表示物体表面互相接触。例：The cup is on the table.

10 under 在正下方。例：The cat is under the chair.

11 above 在上方，不一定垂直；over 在正上方，不接触。例：A bird flies above us, a bridge is over the river.

12 below 在下方，不一定垂直；under 指正下方。例：The fish swims below the boat.

13 beside 在旁边；near 在附近；next to 紧挨着。例：He sits beside me.

14 behind 在后面；in front of 在物体外部前面。例：The tree stands in front of the house.

15 in the front of 表示在物体内部靠前位置。例：The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.

16 between 在两者中间，among 在三者及以上中间。例：I sit between Tom and Jack.

17 across 表示从表面横穿。例：Go across the road carefully.

18 through 表示从内部穿过。例：We walk through the forest.

19 along 沿着。例：Walk along the river.

20 to 朝向，到；from 来自，从…… 起。例：I go to school from home.

21 from…to…，从…… 到……。例：We study from Monday to Friday.

22 for 可以表示为了，持续多久，适合。例：This gift is for you.

23 with 和…… 一起；用某种工具。例：I draw with a pencil.

24 by 表示乘坐交通工具，也可以表示凭借某种方式。例：I go by bus.

25 about 关于。例：This is a book about animals.

26 like 作为介词意思是像。例：He looks like his dad.

27 without 表示没有。例：I can’t finish it without your help.

28 inside 在里面，outside 在外面。例：Stay inside the room.

29 opposite /across from 在对面。例：The shop is across from our school.

30 before 在时间或者位置之前；after 在之后。例：Wash hands before meals.

31 during 在…… 期间。例：I travel during the holiday.

32 until 直到。例：I wait until six o’clock.

33 by + 时间，表示不迟于某个时间。例：Finish it by five.

34 be good at 擅长，at 不能换成 in。例：I am good at English.

35 be late for 迟到，固定搭配介词 for。例：Don’t be late for class.

36 be afraid of 害怕，搭配 of。例：I am afraid of the dark.

37 be proud of 为…… 感到自豪。例：We are proud of our country.

38 be interested in 对…… 感兴趣。例：She is interested in painting.

39 thank you for，for 表示原因，因为…… 感谢。例：Thank you for your help.

40 介词后面如果接动词，动词需要变为动名词 doing。例：He is good at drawing.

【08 动词与四大基础时态】

1 动词分为实义动词、be 动词、情态动词、助动词。例：Run is an action verb.

2 实义动词表示动作，分为及物动词和不及物动词。例：I eat an apple.

3 be 动词包含 am，is，are，was，were。例：I am a student.

4 I 使用 am；he，she，it 和单数名词使用 is。例：She is happy.

5 you，we，they，复数名词搭配 are。例：They are friends.

6 be 动词否定直接在后面加上 not，is not = isn’t。例：He isn’t at home.

7 一般现在时表示经常性习惯、客观真理。例：The earth goes around the sun.

8 一般现在时常搭配标志词 every day，often，usually，sometimes。例：I read every day.

9 如果主语是第三人称单数，动词要变成三单形式。例：He likes cats.

10 动词三单一般直接加 s。例：She plays football.

11 以 s，x，ch，sh，o 结尾动词，三单加 es。例：He goes to school.

12 辅音加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 es。例：He studies hard.

13 一般现在时否定：主语 + don’t /doesn’t + 动词原形。例：I don’t like snakes.

14 如果使用 doesn’t，后面动词必须变回原形。例：He doesn’t like snakes.

15 一般现在时疑问句使用 Do / Does 放在句首。例：Do you like apples?

16 现在进行时，表示此时此刻正在发生的动作。例：I am reading now.

17 现在进行时结构：am /is/are + 动词 ing。例：She is singing.

18 现在进行时标志词 now，look，listen，at the moment。例：Look! He is running.

19 变动词 ing，大多直接加 ing。例：I am reading a book.

20 以不发音 e 结尾，去掉 e 再加 ing。例：She is writing.

21 辅元辅结尾重读，双写尾字母再加 ing。例：He is running.

22 以 ie 结尾动词，变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。例：He is lying on the bed.

23 进行时否定在 be 后面加上 not；疑问把 be 提前。例：Are you reading?

24 一般过去时，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或者状态。例：I went there yesterday.

25 过去时标志词 yesterday，last week，just now，then。例：I met him last week.

26 规则动词过去式一般直接加 ed。例：I walked home.

27 e 结尾动词只加上 d。例：She danced happily.

28 辅音字母加 y，变 y 为 i，再加 ed。例：He cried sadly.

29 重读辅元辅，双写尾字母再加 ed。例：I stopped to rest.

30 大量不规则动词过去式需要背诵。例：He went to park.

31 eat—ate，come—came，take—took，buy—bought。例：I ate an egg this morning.

32 be 动词过去式：am/is 变为 was；are 变为 were。例：I was at home.

33 一般过去时否定：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形。例：I didn’t go out.

34 过去时一般疑问句，句首放置 Did，后面动词还原。例：Did you go out?

35 一般将来时，表示将来要发生的动作。例：I will go tomorrow.

36 will + 动词原形，是将来时第一种结构。例：I will help you.

37 be going to + 动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事。例：I am going to swim.

38 将来时标志词 tomorrow，next month，soon，in three days。例：We will meet soon.

39 will not 缩写 won’t；will 可以缩写 ’ll。例：I won’t be late.

40 be going to 里面 be 动词跟随主语变化。例：She is going to sing.

41 come，go，leave，arrive，可以用现在进行时表即将出发。例：I am coming.

42 客观真理永远使用一般现在时，就算主句是过去时。例：The teacher told us the moon goes around the earth.

43 have /has 表示拥有；have 搭配 I you we they，has 三单。例：I have a pen.

44 have got 和 have 意思相近，多用于英式英语。例：I have got a new bag.

45 there be 表示某地存在某物，和 have 不能混用。例：There is a cat here.

46 there be 遵守就近原则，靠近 be 的名词决定 is /are。例：There is a pen and two books.

47 动词不定式 to do，可以用来表示目的。例：I get up early to run.

48 使役动词 let，make，后面接动词原形。例：Let me try.

49 see，watch，hear，可以搭配动词原形或者 doing。例：I see him run.

50 stop to do 停下来去做另一件；stop doing 停止正在做的事。例：Stop talking to listen.

51 remember to do 记得要去做；remember doing 记得做过。例：Remember to close the door.

52 forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘记曾经做过。例：I forget to bring my book.

53 try to do 努力去做；try doing 试着做一做。例：Try opening the window.

54 like to do 和 like doing 都可以表示喜欢。例：I like swimming.

55 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，后面只能接 doing。例：I enjoy reading.

56 want，hope，plan，decide，后面只能接 to do。例：I want to go.

57 动词如果放在介词后面，只能使用 doing。例：Thank you for helping.

58 短暂性动词不能搭配持续时间段，要更换延续动词。例：He has been away for three days.

59 leave 换成 be away；buy 换成 have；die 换成 be dead。例：I have had this toy for a year.

60 延续动词才可以和 for，since 引导的时间段连用。例：I have lived here for five years.

【09 情态动词】

1 情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面搭配动词原形。例：I can swim.

2 情态动词没有人称、数的变化，不会出现三单。例：She can swim.

3 can 表示能够、会，也可以表示许可。例：I can swim well.

4 can 的过去式是 could，could 语气更加委婉礼貌。例：Could you help me?

5 may 表示可以、可能。例：May I borrow your pen?

6 may 的过去式 might，可能性比 may 更低。例：It might rain later.

7 must 表示必须，语气很强。例：You must finish homework.

8 mustn’t 意思是禁止，不许，不是不必。例：You mustn’t run in the street.

9 如果问句 Must I…，否定回答使用 needn’t，don’t have to。例：—Must I go? —No, you needn’t.

10 should 表示应该，用来提建议。例：You should sleep early.

11 shouldn’t 表示不应该。例：You shouldn’t run in the hall.

12 need 既可以作情态动词，也可以做实义动词。例：You needn’t hurry.

13 need 作情态动词多用于否定、疑问。例：You needn’t hurry.

14 need 如果是实义动词，后面要加 to do。例：I need to rest.

15 would 是 will 的过去式，也用于委婉请求。例：Would you pass the salt?

16 Would you like… 用来礼貌邀约，想要来点什么。例：Would you like some tea?

17 will 表示将要，也可以表达意愿承诺。例：I will help you.

18 shall 多用于第一人称提建议。例：Shall we go out?

19 can’t 可以表示不可能，用于否定推测。例：It can’t be true.

20 may not 表示可能不，把握程度偏弱。例：He may not come.

21 must 用于推测，意思一定是，多用于肯定句。例：That must be Tom.

22 情态动词变一般疑问句，直接把情态动词挪到句首。例：Can you sing?

23 情态动词否定，直接在情态动词后方加上 not。例：I cannot swim.

24 cannot 缩写 can’t；will not 缩写 won’t。例：I can’t swim.

25 两个情态动词不能叠在一起使用，不可以写 can should。例：You should try.

26 have to 表示不得不，强调客观要求，有人称变化。例：I have to go now.

27 don’t /doesn’t have to，意思不必，等同于 needn’t。例：You don’t have to come.

28 ought to 也表示应该，小学了解即可。例：You ought to be polite.

29 回答 Can I…，肯定 Yes, you can；否定 No, you can’t。例：—Can I enter? —Yes, you can.

30 Could you… 只是委婉，回答依旧使用 can，不用 could。例：—Could you help? —Sure I can.

【10 句型、疑问句、复合考点】

1 句子按照用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。例：Close the door.

2 陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。例：I like apples. I don’t like apples.

3 如果句子带有 be 动词，变否定直接加 not。例：He is not happy.

4 如果是实义动词，借助 don’t，doesn’t，didn’t 构成否定。例：I don’t like cats.

5 一般疑问句可以用 Yes 或者 No 简短回答。例：—Do you like milk? —Yes, I do.

6 如果原句有 be，疑问把 be 提前。例：Are you happy?

7 如果有情态动词，把情态动词移到句首。例：Can you swim?

8 如果是实义动词，借助 Do，Does，Did。例：Do you like music?

9 简短回答要保持一致，用什么提问，用什么回答。例：—Will you come? —Yes, I will.

10 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句构成。例：Where do you live?

11 what 询问事物；who 询问人；whose 询问所属。例：What is this?

12 which 询问哪一个；where 询问地点。例：Where is my bag?

13 when 询问时间；why 询问原因，回答常用 because。例：Why are you late?

14 how 询问方式、状态。例：How do you go home?

15 how old 询问年龄；how many 问可数数量。例：How many books do you have?

16 how much 询问不可数名词数量，也问价格。例：How much water do you want?

17 how long 问时长或者物体长度。例：How long is the river?

18 how often 用来提问动作发生的频率。例：How often do you read?

19 how far 用来询问距离有多远。例：How far is it?

20 how soon 还要多久，多用于将来时，回答用 in + 时间段。例：How soon will you arrive?

21 如果特殊疑问词本身是句子主语，语序不用调整。例：Who knows the answer?

22 选择疑问句使用 or 连接选项，不能用 Yes / No 回答。例：Do you like tea or milk?

23 反义疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句否定。例：You like cats, don’t you?

24 如果前半句带有否定词 seldom，few，little，nobody，后半句用肯定。例：Few people know it, do they?

25 祈使句用来下达命令、提出请求，以动词原形开头。例：Open the window.

26 祈使句否定形式，句首加上 Don’t。例：Don’t run.

27 please 可以放在句首或者句尾，句尾前面加逗号。例：Sit down, please.

28 Let’s do，包括听话人在内，反义疑问用 shall we。例：Let’s go, shall we?

29 Let us do，不包含听话人，反义疑问用 will you。例：Let us leave, will you?

30 感叹句两大引导词 what 和 how。例：What a nice day!

31 what 后面接名词短语。例：What a nice cat!

32 how 后面接形容词或者副词。例：How fast he runs!

33 如果名词不可数或者复数，what 后面不加 a /an。例：What beautiful flowers!

34 连词 and 表示顺承、并列；but 表示转折。例：I like apples but not oranges.

35 or 表示或者，否定句里面 or 代替 and。例：I don’t like tea or coffee.

36 so 表示因此；because 表示原因，两者不能同时出现。例：I stay home because it rains.

37 if 引导条件状语从句，如果，主将从现。例：If it is sunny, we will go out.

38 “主将从现”：主句将来时，if /when 引导从句用一般现在。例：When he comes, I will tell you.

39 when 引导时间状语从句，当…… 的时候。例：I read when I am free.

40 before 在之前；after 在之后，引导时间从句。例：Wash hands before you eat.

41 so that 以便于，表示目的。例：I get up early so that I can catch the bus.

42 both…and…，两者都，谓语动词使用复数。例：Both Tom and Jack like music.

43 not only…but also…，不但而且，就近原则。例：Not only you but also he likes it.

44 either…or…，要么要么，就近原则。例：Either you or he is wrong.

45 neither…nor…，既不也不，就近原则。例：Neither you nor he knows it.

46 主谓一致：主语单数，谓语动词单数；复数对应复数。例：The cat likes fish.

47 不定代词 something everyone nobody 作主语，谓语单数。例：Everyone is here.

48 动名词 doing 作主语，谓语动词使用单数。例：Reading is fun.

49 两个名词由 and 并列，大多视作复数。例：Tom and Jack are friends.

50 如果 and 连接的名词指同一个人，谓语使用单数。例：The writer and singer is here.

51 “the + 姓氏复数” 作主语，谓语动词用复数。例：The Greens like travelling.

52 时间、金钱、距离作整体，谓语常用单数。例：Ten years is a long time.

53 直接引语，原样引用别人的话，带有引号。例：She said, “I am happy.”

54 间接引语去掉引号，人称、时态需要合理调整。例：She said she was happy.

55 被动语态小学简单了解：be + 过去分词。例：The letter is written.

56 The letter is written by him，这是被动句式。例：The letter is written by him.

57 “It takes sb + 时间 + to do” 表示花费多久做某事。例：It takes me ten minutes to walk.

58 spend 的搭配：spend time /money on sth 或者 (in) doing。例：I spend time reading.

59 pay for 表示为…… 付钱；cost 的主语是物品。例：The book costs ten yuan.

60 too many 修饰可数复数；too much 修饰不可数；much too 修饰形容词。例：There are too many people.

61 “Why not + 动词原形” 用来提建议。例：Why not go now?

62 “What about / How about + doing” 用来提议。例：What about going out?

63 “You’d better + 动词原形” 表示最好做某事。例：You’d better rest.

64 had better not do，最好不要做。例：You’d better not run.

65 “It is + 形容词 + for sb to do” 对某人来说做某事很……。例：It is easy for me to read.

66 如果形容词描述人的品质，使用 of sb。例：It’s kind of you to help.

67 “There is something wrong with” 表示某物出故障。例：There is something wrong with my bike.

68 “What’s the matter?” “What’s wrong?” 用来询问怎么了。例：What’s wrong with you?

69 “What do you think of…” 用来询问看法。例：What do you think of this film?

70 “How do you like…” 等同于 What do you think of。例：How do you like this story?

71 “Thanks for doing” 感谢对方做某事。例：Thanks for helping me.

72 “ask sb to do” 要求某人去做某事。例：I ask him to come.

73 “tell sb to do” 告诉某人做；tell sb not to do 告诉不要做。例：Tell him not to shout.

74 “want sb to do” 想要某人做某事。例：I want you to stay.

75 “help sb (to) do” 帮助某人做，to 可以省略。例：Help me carry the box.

76 “keep + 宾语 + 形容词” 使某物保持某种状态。例：Keep the room clean.

77 “make sb + 形容词” 让某人感到……。例：The story makes me happy.

78 “make sb do” 让某人做某事。例：Mom makes me finish homework.

79 “keep doing” 持续不断做同一件事。例：He keeps running.

80 “go doing” 多用于户外活动。例：I go swimming every weekend.

81 “have fun doing” 开心做某事。例：We have fun playing games.

82 “have a good time” 玩得愉快，等同于 enjoy oneself。例：We have a good time.

83 “be busy doing” 忙于做某事。例：I am busy reading.

84 “be ready for” 为…… 做好准备。例：I am ready for the test.

85 “be famous for” 因…… 出名；be famous as 作为…… 出名。例：The town is famous for tea.

86 “be good for” 对有益；be bad for 有害。例：Fruit is good for you.

87 “be different from” 和…… 不一样。例：This bag is different from that one.

88 “the same as” 和…… 相同。例：My pen is the same as yours.

89 “stop…from doing” 阻止…… 去做。例：We stop him from running.

90 “look forward to doing” 期待，to 在这里是介词。例：I look forward to meeting you.

91 “instead of” 代替，后面接名词或者 doing。例：I read instead of watching TV.

92 “as soon as” 一…… 就……，常遵循主将从现。例：I will call you as soon as I arrive.

93 “not…until…” 直到…… 才……。例：I won’t leave until you come.

94 “so + 形容词 + that” 如此以至于。例：It is so hot that I want water.

95 “such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that” 如此以至于。例：It is such a nice day that we go out.

96 “It seems that” 似乎，好像。例：It seems that he is tired.

97 “There is no need to do” 没有必要去做。例：There is no need to hurry.

98 “There is no time to do” 没有时间去做。例：There is no time to wait.

99 “Why don’t you do” 提建议，等于 Why not do。例：Why don’t you try?

100 “Would you mind doing” 请问你介意吗。例：Would you mind opening the window?

101 “take care of” 照顾，等同于 look after。例：I take care of my cat.

102 “take part in” 参加活动；join 加入团体。例：I take part in the game.

103 “arrive in + 大地点，arrive at + 小地点”。例：I arrive in Beijing.

104 “get to” 到达，如果后面是 home，here，there，去掉 to。例：I get home at six.

105 “hear of” 听说；hear from 收到来信。例：I hear from my friend.

106 “look for” 寻找，强调过程；find 找到，强调结果。

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