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高中英语|主语从句核心考点
主语从句是高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达的高频考点,吃透本篇,搞定绝大多数考题。
一、什么是主语从句
一个完整句子充当主句的主语,就叫主语从句。
简单理解:主语原本是单词、短语,替换成一整个句子。That he will come is certain.(他会来这件事是确定的。)
高考两大必考句式:
1.从句置于句首:引导词 + 从句 + 主句谓语…… 2.it 作形式主语:It + be / 系动词 + 名词 / 形容词 + 真正主语从句,这是高考考查最多的结构。
二、主语从句引导词(高考必背)
1. that无实际词义,不在从句充当任何成分,主语从句中 that 绝对不能省略。仅承担连接功能,从句本身语义完整、不缺主宾表时选用 that。
That we should protect the environment is important.
It is true that he has made great progress.
⚠️短文改错高频考点:主语从句的 that 不可删掉。
2. whether 是否可以放在句首,也可以用于 it 形式主语结构。主语从句句首表达 “是否”,只能用 whether,不能用 if。
Whether we will go abroad hasn’t been decided.
It is unknown whether he will join us.
3. what / who / whom / whose / which连接代词,在从句内部充当主语、宾语或者表语,自带实际含义。‑ what:…… 的事物(高考最高频)What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。
‑ who:谁,在从句内部作主语Who will be our monitor hasn’t been known yet.
4. when / where / why / how连接副词,在从句内部充当状语,分别对应时间、地点、原因、方式。
Where we will hold the meeting is not clear.
It is a mystery why he disappeared.
三、高考最高频:it 作形式主语
真正的主语从句放到句子后面,it 放在主句位置充当形式上的主语,语法填空、写作都可以直接套用。
高频固定句型
It is + 形容词(important /obvious/clear /possible/certain)+ that 从句
It is obvious that he is right.
It is + 名词(a fact /a pity /a surprise)+ that 从句It is a pity that you missed the lecture.
It + 不及物动词(seems /appears/happens)+ that 从句It happens that I know him.
It is reported /said/believed /known that… 据报道 / 据说 / 人们相信It is reported that many students benefit from the book.
💡这组句型是写作加分神器,作文开头可以直接拿来用。
四、三大高考易错陷阱(改错 + 语法填空必考)
陷阱 1:that 不能省略that 引导主语从句,无论放在句首还是 it 形式主语句型,都不可以省略。
❌ He passed the exam is true.✅ That he passed the exam is true.
陷阱 2:句首主语从句表 “是否” 只用 whether,不用 if❌ If he will attend the meeting is unknown.✅ Whether he will attend the meeting is unknown.
补充:if 仅可以用在 it 形式主语的后半部分,不能放在句首。
陷阱 3:what 和 that 的辨析(高考每年必考)‑ that:从句句子完整,不缺少成分,无实际含义That he succeeded makes us happy.(he succeeded 句子成分完整)
‑ what:从句缺少主语或者宾语,翻译为 “…… 的事 / 物”What he did surprised us.(did 后面缺少宾语,what 充当 did 的宾语)
记忆口诀:完整用 that,缺成分用 what。
五、主谓一致考点
主语从句作句子主语,主句谓语动词通常使用单数形式。What we need is more time.
小补充:what 引导的主语从句,如果后面表语是复数名词,谓语动词也可以用复数,该点考查频次很低,了解即可。What we need are more books.
六、高考做题秒杀步骤
定位主句谓语动词,判断前面是不是完整句子充当主语; 分析从句内部:缺少主语、宾语 →选用 what/who/which;不缺成分再看语义; 从句成分完整:陈述事实用 that;表达是否用 whether; 句首出现 it,优先考虑 it 作形式主语结构。
七、写作万能句式(直接摘抄套用)
It is obvious that… 很明显…… It is well‑known that… 众所周知…… It is important that… …… 是很重要的 What matters most is that… 最重要的是……
刷题小提示主语从句常常和宾语从句、表语从句混合考查,核心区分点就是 what 和 that,it 形式主语是语法填空的命题热点。