文档内容
TESTFOR ENGLISHMAJORS (2016)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIMELIMIT:150MIN
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN）
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.
While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task onANSWER SHEET
ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREEWORDS for eachgap. Make sure the word(s) you
fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet
fornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to
checkyourwork.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
InthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.
At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview
and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second
pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark
thebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.
Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of
theinterview.
1.A.Maggie’suniversitylife. B.Hermom’slifeatHarvard.
C.Maggie’sviewonstudyingwithMom. D.Maggie’sopiniononhermom’smajor.
2.A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks. B.Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.
C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship. D.Theyfollowthesamefashion.
3.A.Havingroommates. B.Practicingcourttrails.
C.Studyingtogether. D.Takingnotesbyhand.
4.A.Protection. B.Imagination. C.Excitement. D.Encouragement.
5.A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom. B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.
C.UltimatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy. D.FrequentcheckonMaggie’sgrades.
Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of
theinterview.
6.A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.
B.Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.
C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.D.Becausekidsfindithardtoadapttocollegelife.
7.A.Realestateagent. B.Financier.
C.Lawyer. D.Teacher.
8.A.Delighted. B.Excited.
C.Bored. D.Frustrated.
9.A.Howtomakeacake. B.Howtomakeomelets.
C.Toacceptwhatistaught. D.Toplanafuturecareer.
10.A.Unsuccessful. B.Gradual.
C.Frustrating. D.Passionate.
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION（45 MIN）
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For
each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].
Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1) There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue
gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and
the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or
taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the
Sound, drawing aquaplanes （滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s
Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the
morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to
meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with
scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.
(2) Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York –
every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves.
There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half
an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.
(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of
canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On
buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowded
against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the
main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with
cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to knowonefromanother.
(4) By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived – no thin five-piece affair but a whole pitful
of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and high
drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the cars
from NewYork are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas
are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the
dreams of Castile.The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden
outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions
forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s
names.
(5) The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun, and now the orchestra
isplayingyellowcocktailmusic,andtheoperaofvoicespitchesakeyhigher.Laughteriseasier,
minutebyminute,spilledwithprodigality,tippedoutatacheerfulword.
(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same
breath – already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the
stouter and more stable, become for a sharp joyous moment the center of a group and then,
excited with triumph, glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the
constantlychanginglight.
(7)Suddenlyoneofthesegypsiesintremblingopal,seizesacocktailoutoftheair,dumpsit
downfor courage and,moving herhandslike Frisco, dancesoutaloneonthecanvasplatform.A
momentaryhush;theorchestraleadervaries hisrhythm obligingly forher,andthereis aburstof
chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Follies.
Thepartyhasbegun.
(8)Ibelieve thatonthe firstnightIwenttoGatsby’s houseIwas oneof thefewguests who
had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there. They got into automobiles
which bore them out to Long Island, and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there
they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves
according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and
went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its
ownticketofadmission.
(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that
Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer – the honor would be
entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that night. He had seen me several
times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances
hadpreventedit–signedJayGatsbyinamajestichand.
(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered
around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know – though here and
there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train. I was immediately struck by the numberof young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in
low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling
something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the
easymoneyinthevicinityandconvincedthatitwastheirsforafewwordsintherightkey.
(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of
whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently
anyknowledge ofhis movements thatI slunk offin the direction of the cocktail table – the only
placeinthegardenwhereasinglemancouldlingerwithoutlookingpurposelessandalone.
11.ItcanbeinferredformPara.1thatMr.Gatsby______throughthesummer.
A.entertainedguestsfromeverywhereeveryweekend
B.invitedhisgueststorideinhisRolls-Royceatweekends
C.likedtoshowoffbylettingguestsrideinhisvehicles
D.indulgedhimselfinpartieswithpeoplefromeverywhere
12.InPara.4,theword“permeate”probablymeans______.
A.perish B.push C.penetrate D.perpetrate
13.ItcanbeinferredformPara.8that______.
A.guestsneedtoknowGatsbyinordertoattendhisparties
B.peoplesomehowendedupinGatsby’shouseasguests
C.Gatsbyusuallyheldgardenpartiesforinvitedguests
D.guestsbehavedthemselvesinaratherformalmanner
14.AccordingtoPara.10,theauthorfelt______atGatsby’sparty.
A.dizzy B.dreadful C.furious D.awkward
15.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.11aboutGatsby?
A.Hewasnotexpectedtobepresentattheparties.
B.Hewasbusyreceivingandentertainingguests.
C.Hewasusuallyoutofthehouseattheweekend.
D.Hewasunwillingtomeetsomeoftheguests.
PASSAGETWO
(1)TheTerm“CYBERSPACE”was coinedbyWilliam Gibson,ascience-fictionwriter.He
first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel,
“Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and
drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination
experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators” and “a graphic representation of data
abstractedfromthebanksofeverycomputerinthehumansystem.”
(2)Hisliterarycreationturnedouttoberemarkablyprescien（t 有先见之明的）.Cyberspacehas become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and
other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad
connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who
uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.
(3) But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming
ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such
attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive,
Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American
retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers,
including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company,
and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.
(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Wider
concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western
intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security
Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by
countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama,
said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest
national-security dangers” the country is facing.
(5) Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to
promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry
much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers
turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep
them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent
$67 billion on information security.
(6) On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the
risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of
people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at virtual stores, swap gossip
and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web
without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.
(7) But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data
and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both
of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International
Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at
$445 billion – a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as
Austria.
(8) To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of
hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an
economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks
are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges
（离心机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9) But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and
government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade
secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the
cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keep
everyonesaferthantheyarenow.
(10) One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right.All too often
breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive
data from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at
anticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defenses swiftly in
responsetonewthreats.Technologycanhelp,ascanindustryinitiativesthatallowfirmstoshare
intelligenceaboutriskswitheachother.
(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security,be they carrots or
sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage
internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up
computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software
developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to
exploit.
(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is
that cyberspace is aboutto undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of
new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny
computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet of
things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using
smartphoneappsandtomonitormedicaldevicesremotely.
(13)Butunlessthesesystemshaveadequatesecurityprotection,theinternetofthings could
easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take
advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids
tappingawayintheirbedroomstoannoytheirelders.Ithasgrownupwithavengeance.
16.CyberspaceisdescribedbyWilliamGibsonas______.
A.afunctiononlylegitimatecomputeroperatorshave
B.arepresentationofdatafromthehumansystem
C.animportantelementstoredinthehumansystem
D.anillusionheldbythecommoncomputerusers
17. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four
paragraphs?
A.Cyberspacehasmorebenefitsthandefects.
B.Cyberspaceislikeadouble-edgedsword.C.Cyberspacesymbolizestechnologicaladvance.
D.Cyberspacestillremainsasci-finotion.
18. According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are
______.
A.Controversial B.complimentary
C.Contradictory D.congruent
19.Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
A.CyberCrimeandItsPrevention. B.TheOriginofCyberCrime.
C.HowtoDealwithCyberCrime. D.TheDefinitionofCyberCrime.
PASSAGETHREE
(1) You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universities
thatthelastbastionofexcellenceinAmericaneducationis beingguttedbystatebudgetcutsand
mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot
throughwithwaste,laxacademicstandardsandmediocreteachingandscholarship.
(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems – are intense. Last
year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their
budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures
merely by raising tuition and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more
and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further government
budgetcuts.Theircaseisweak.
(3) Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to
too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the
number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of
business.Consider:
Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low.About 70 percent of freshmen at
four-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent
go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize
revenues(tuitionandstatesubsidies).
Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recent study of
PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral
candidates.
The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because college standards
haveapparently fallen.Onestudyofseven topschools foundwidespreadgradeinflation.
In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By
1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost
surelywidespread. Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major universities, senior
faculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are
“socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend as little time teaching
(undergraduates) as possible,” concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in
anewstudy.Facultypayconsistentlyrisesasundergraduateteachingloadsdrop.
Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees. Since
1960, the number of masters’degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to
337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business
administration)jumpedfrom7,600to73,100.
(4) Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost
anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible
through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’ degrees are so common, we
create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has
improved management?
(5) You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They
created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties.
More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on
writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes
knowingly in a new book “How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re
Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”: Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for
more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.
(6) The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished
paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to
teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion...
Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”
(7) About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidized systems, from community
colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget
pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions.
The states need to do three things.
(8) First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high school
students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by
raising tuition sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and
income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally,
the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then
compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of general
tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students
who don’t deserve it.(9) Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching
loads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the
primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and can
communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The
excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in
academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),”
saysFairweather.“Peopleareworkinghard–it’sjustwherethey’reworking.”
(10) Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs.
Journalism(now dubbed “communications”), businessandeducationare prime candidates.Alot
of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a
betterjobofteachingundergraduates,therewouldbelessneedforgraduatedegrees.
(11) Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students.
This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates
neednotdrop.Highereducationcouldbecomeabastionofexcellence,ifwewouldonlytry.
20.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3thattheauthorwas______towardstheeducation.
A.Indifferent B.neutral C.positive D.negative
21.ThefollowingarecurrentproblemsfacingallAmericanuniversitiesEXCEPT______.
A.highdropoutrates B.lowadmissionstandards
C.lowundergraduateteachingloads D.explosionofgraduatedegrees
22. In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following
EXCEPT______.
A.setentrancerequirements B.raisefacultyteachingloads
C.increaseundergraduateprograms D.reduceuselessgraduateprograms
23.“Primecandidates”inPara.10isusedas________.
A.Euphemism B.metaphor C.analogy D.personification
24.Whatistheauthor’smainargumentinthepassage?
A.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentbyensuringstatebudget.
B.Professorsshouldteachmoreundergraduatesthanpostgraduates.
C.Academicstandardarethemainmeanstoensureeducationalquality.
D.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentonlybyraisingteachingquality.
SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A.
Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET
TWO.PASSAGEONE
25. From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depict Gatsby’s
party?
26.HowdoyousummarizethepartysceneinPara.6?
PASSAGETWO
27.WhatdothecasesofTarget,AdobeandeBayinPara.3show?
28.WhydoestheauthorsaythetaskisbecomingharderinPara.7?
29.Whatistheconclusionofthewholepassage?
PASSAGETHREE
30.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Theircaseisweak”inPara.2?
31.Whatdoes“gradeinflation”inPara.3mean?
32.WhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhequotesRichardHuberinPara.5?
PARTⅢ LANGUAGEUSAGE（15MIN）
The passage contains TEN errors. Eachindicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.
Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthe
followingway:
Forawrongword, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank
providedattheendoftheline.
Foramissingword, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write
thewordyou believe to bemissing inthe blankprovidedatthe end
oftheline.
Foranunnecessaryword, crossthe unnecessary word with aslash “/” andputthe word in the
blankprovidedattheendoftheline.
EXAMPLE
When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit, (1) an
itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2) never
themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum
wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. (3) exhibit
ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION（20 MIN）
Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。“子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫。”他们发现
无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转
眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的
恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注
一种紧张感。
PARTⅤ WRITING（45MIN）
The following two excerpts are about Ice Bucket Challenge, an activity initiated to raise
money and awareness for the disease ALS (渐冻症). From the excerpts, you can find that the
activityseemstohaveachievedmuchsuccess,buttherehavealsobeendoubtandcriticism.
WriteanarticleofNOLESSTHAN300words,inwhichyoushould:
1.summarizethedevelopmentoficebucketchallengeactivity,andthen
2.expressyouropiniontowardstheactivity,especiallywhethertheproblemfoundwiththiskind
ofactivitywillfinallyundermineitsoriginalpurpose.
Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguage
quality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
WriteyourarticleonANSWERSHEETFOUR.
Excerpt1
ALSIce BucketChallengeTakes U.S. by Storm
In the last two weeks, the Ice Bucket Challenge™ has quite literally “soaked” the nation.
Everyone from Ethel Kennedyto JustinTimberlake has poured a bucket of ice water over his or
her head and challenged others do the same or make a donation to fight ALS within
twenty-fourhours.
Between July 29 and today, August 12, The ALS Association and its 38 chapters have
received an astonishing $4 million in donations compared with $1.12 million during the same
time period last year. The ALS Association is incredibly grateful for the outpouring of support
fromthosepeoplewhohavebeendoused,madeadonation,orboth.
“We have never seen anything like this in the history of the disease,” said Barbara
Newhouse,PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.
With only about half of the general public knowledgeable about amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), the Ice Bucket Challenge is making a profound difference. Since July 29, the
Associationhaswelcomedmorethan70,000newdonorstothecause.
“While the monetary donations are absolutely incredible,” said Newhouse, “the visibility
thatthis disease is getting as a resultof thechallenge is truly invaluable. People who have never
beforeheardofALSarenowengagedinthefighttofindtreatmentsandacureforALS.”
Excerpt 2Ice bucketchallenge:who’s pouringcold wateronthe idea?
The ice bucket challenge has certainly raised awareness. Whether that’s primarily of the
disease for which it is raising funds or the speed at which images of swimsuit-clad celebrities
will go viral is a long-term question. More pertinent right now is whether or not the craze has
reachedatippingpoint.
As it lived by social media, so the ice bucket challenge could die by it. The state of
California is currently experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. So gestures such as
companiesdousingtheirstaffenmasseinhundredsofgallonsoficywater,come acrossmoreas
wastefulPRexercisesthancharitablegestures–andarebeingcalledoutassuchonTwitter.
Therehasbeena similar reactionin China.Last week, protesters indrought-stricken Henan
province raised empty red buckets over their heads, accompanied by the slogan “Henan, please
saynototheicebucketchallenge”.
China’s ministry for civil affairs, while broadly supportive, has warned citizens against the
practice’s“entertainmentandcommercialtendencies”.
But the real dampener could be the risk of bodily harm. Doctors around the world have
warnedofriskstoelderlypeople,expectantmothersandpeoplewithheartconditions.ANSWERSHEET1(TEM8)
PARTⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案
无效。
ModelsforArguments
I.Threemodelsforarguments
A.thefirstmodelforarguingiscalled(1)________: (1)__________
—argumentsaretreatedaswar
—thereismuchwinningandlosing
—itisa(2)________modelforarguing (2)__________
B.thesecondmodelforarguingisargumentsasproofs:
—warranted(3)________ (3)__________
—validinferencesandconclusions
—no(4)________intheadversarialsense (4)__________
C.thethirdmodelforarguingis(5)________： (5)__________
—theaudienceis(6)________intheargument (6)__________
—argumentsmust(7)________theaudience (7)__________
II.Traitsoftheargumentaswar
A.verydominant:itcanshape(8)________ (8)__________
B.strongargumentsareneeded
C.negativeeffectsinclude:
—(9)________areemphasized (9)__________
—winningistheonlypurpose
—thistypeofargumentsprevent(10)________ (10)__________
—theworstthingis(11)________ (11)__________
D.implicationfromargumentsaswar:(12)________ (12)__________
—e.g.,oneprovidingreasonsandtheotherraising(13)________ (13)__________
—theotheroneisfinallypersuaded
III.Suggestionsonnewwaysto(14)________ofarguments (14)__________
A.thinkofnewkindsofarguments
B.changerolesinarguments
C.(15)________ (15)__________ANSWERAHEET2(TEM8)
PARTⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTIONB 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D]
2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D]
3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D]
4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D]
5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D]
PARTⅡ PEADING COMPREHENSION
SECTIONA 11.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 21.[A][B][C][D]
12.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D]
13.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D]
14.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D]
15.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D]
SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案
无效。
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32..........................................................................................................................................................................ANSWERSHEET3(TEM8)
PARTⅢ LANGUAGE USAGE
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无效。
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationships
aculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrelationships, (1)__________
forexample,partnersdeveloptheirownhistory,shared
experiences,languagepatterns,habits,andcustomsgivethat (2)__________
relationshipaspecialcharacter—acharacterthatdiffersit (3)__________
invariouswaysfromotherrelationships.Examplesmightinclude
specialdates,places,songs,oreventsthatcometohaveaunique
andimportantsymbolicmeaningforthetwoindividuals.Thus,any (4)__________
socialunit—whetherarelationship,group,organization,orsociety—
developsaculturewiththepassageoftime.Whilethedefining
characteristicsofeachcultureareunique,allculturessharecertain
samefunctions.Therelationshipbetweencommunication (5)__________
andcultureisaverycomplexintimateone. (6)__________
Culturesarecreatedthroughcommunication,thatis,
communicationisthemeansofhumaninteraction,throughit (7)__________
culturalcharacteristicsarecreatedandshared.
Itisnotsomuchthatindividualssetouttocreateaculture
whentheyinteractinrelationships,groups,organizations,orsocieties,
butratherthanthatculturesareanaturalby-productofsocialinteraction. (8)__________
Inasense,culturesarethe“residue”ofsocialcommunication.Without
communicationandcommunicationmedia,itwouldbeimpossibleto
baseandpassalongculturalcharacteristicsfromoneplaceandtimeto (9)__________
another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, (10) __________
transmitted, and learned through communication.
