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高中英语（新人教版）必修第一册
Welcome Unit 知识点归纳
***重点单词***
1.exchange n.交换，交流
vt.交易，兑换。
(1)拿......交换...... exchange ...for ...
(2)与某人交换某物 exchange sth with sb
(3)做出交换 make an exchange
(4)作为......的交换 in exchange for ...
2.lecture n.讲课，讲座
vi 讲课/ vt 教训、训斥
3.registration n.登记；注册；挂号
register vt./vi. 登记，注册；注意到
vt.公开发布意见
4.design n.复设计，设计方案
vt. 设计，筹划
designer 设计者
(1)为......设计、准备 be designed for(2)被设计做...... be designed to do
(3)故意地 by design
5.nation n.国家，民族
national adj. 国家的，民族的
nationality n. 国籍
6.formal adj.正式的
informal adj. 非正式的
7.anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的
anxiety n. 焦虑；不安
(1)为......忧虑、担心 be anxious about/for
(2)渴望做......急于做...... be anxious to do
8.annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰
annoyed adj.生气的；
(1)对......生气 be annoyed with...
(2)被......烦扰 be annoyed at...
(3)对......感到不快 be annoyed by...
9.frightened adj. 受到惊吓的；害怕的frighten v. 使惊吓；使惊恐
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
fright n. 惊吓
(1)吓走、吓跑 frighten off/away
(2)恐吓某人做某事 frighten sb into doing sth
(3)吓得要死 be frightened to death
(4)害怕地 in fright
10. senior adj.& n.级别高的 、年长的人
-- junior 地位低下的 ，职位低的人、青少年
(1)比、年长/幼；比......职位高/低
be senior/junior to ...
(2)比......年长/幼多少岁
be senior/junior to sb by ... years
11.impress vt.使钦佩,给......留下深刻的好印象
vi. 留下印象；引人注目
impression n. 印象；感想
impressive adj. 令人难忘的
(1)某事给某人留下深刻的印象
impress sb with sth
(2)对......印象深刻be impressed with/by/at ...
(3)使某人铭记......
impress sth on sb
==impress on sb sth
(4)给某人留下深刻印象
leave/make an impression on sb
12.experiment n. 实验，试验；
v. 进行实验
(1)用......做实验
experiment with sth
(2)利用某人某物做实验
experiment on sb sth
(3)做实验
do/ perform/ conduct/ carry out an experiment
13.explore vt/vi. 探索；勘探
exploration n. 勘探
explorer n. 勘探者
(1)勘探某物 explore for sth
14.confident adj. 自信的；有把握的confidence n. 信心；信任
(1)对......有信心 have confidence in...
(2)对某事有把握 be confident of...
(3)自信地 with confidence
15.newly adv. 最近、最新
16.organise vt. 组织；筹备；安排；
vi.组建；成立
organizer n. 组织者
organization n. 组织；团体；机构
17.goal n. 目标；球门；射门
(1)达成某人的目标 achieve one’s goal
(2)设立目标 set a goal
(3)进球得分 scored a goal
18. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的
(1)对......感到好奇 be curious about...
(2)好奇做某事 be curious to do sth
(3)满足某人的好奇心 meet one’s curiosity
(4)出于好奇 out of curiosity(5)好奇地 with curiosity
19.improve vt/vi. 改善，改进
improvement n. 改善
20.company n. 公司 vt. 陪伴
21.concentrate vt./vi. 集中注意力
concentration n. 集中注意力
(1)把注意力集中在......
concentrate/fis/focus( one’s attention) on...
(2) 全身心地投入......
put one’s heart into ...
(3)专心于......致力于......
be devoted to (sth./doing)
22.person n. 个人
personal adj. 私人的，个人的
personality n. 个性
23.style n. 风格，方式，作风
come into style 流行起来，变得时髦have no style 毫不突出，十分平常
in style 时髦的(地)，合时尚(地)；华丽的(地)，有气派的(地) 很成功地
out of style 不时兴的，不时髦的
That's the style. [口语]应该如此，对头。
The style is the man. 文如其人。
life style 生活方式，生活习惯；格调
new style 新历
style of work 工作作风
***重点短语***
1.the registration office 登记处
2.a school adviser 一位学校顾问
3.during a break 在课间，在休息时
4.at last 终于；最终
last but not the least 最后但并不是最不重要的
5.on campus 在校园里
6.leave......alone 不打扰；不惊动
(1) 搁置一边，不考虑 leave aside
(2)忘记带走；留下；超过 leave behind
(3)动身去 leave for
(4)遗漏，省去；忽视；冷落 leave out
7. fill in 填写8. find sb./sth +adj 发现某人/某事怎么样
9.look forward to... 盼望；期待......
(1)回顾，回忆起 look back on...
(2)轻视，瞧不起 look down on...
(3)仰慕，尊敬 look up to...
(4)注意，当心，留意 look out for...
10. at the same time 同时
11. come true 实现
12. come out 出现，出版，开花结果
13.take notes 记笔记
(1)做笔记，记录 take notes of ...
(2)注意；留意 take note of...
(3)交换意见 compare notes
14.make plans 做计划
15.write down 写下......
16.either......or......不是......就是......
17.be busy with sth /doing sth 忙于做某事
18.show sth to sb 给某人展示某物
***重点句型***
1. What if......? 要是......会怎么样呢？
(1)假如你失败了，该怎么办呢？What if you fail?
(2)我没有带伞。要是下雨了该怎么办？
I don’t have an umbrella, what if it rains?
2. while doing ...... 状语从句的省略形式。
I take notes while (I am) listening and reading.
Unit 1 Teenage life
***重点单词***
1.volunteer n. 志愿者
（1）做志愿者:work as a volunteer
（2）做志愿工作:do volunteer work
（3）做一名志愿者绝不是容易的事.
Being a volunteer is anything but an easy job.
volunteer v.自愿做; 义务做
（1）自愿做某事 volunteer to do sth
（2）自愿为某事效劳 volunteer for sth
——voluntary 自愿的、志愿的
2.debate vi/vt 辩论；争论
（1）关于......进行辩论 debate on/over（2）和......辩论 debate with sb
debate n.辩论；争论
（1）在争论中 under debate
（2）人们对校车安全问题议论纷纷。
There has been much debate on the safety of school buses.
3.prefer 更喜欢
（1）更喜欢某事 prefer sth.
（2）更喜欢做某事 prefer to do/doing sth
（4）喜欢 A 多于 B prefer A to B
（5）比起做 B 更喜欢做 A
prefer doing A to doing B
prefer to do A rather than B
（6）比起徒步旅行，许多男孩更喜欢踢足球。
Many boys prefer playing football to hiking
Many boys prefer to play football rather than hike.
4.content n.内容；目录；主题；满足；
(1)在内容和形式上 in content and form
(2)尽情地；心满意足地 to ones heart contentcontent adj. 满足的；满意的；
（1）满足的表情 a content expression
（2）对......感到满足、满意 be content with/
（3）愿意做某事 be content to do sth
content vt. 使满意
使某人、自己对......满意 content sb with sth
5.suitable adj. 合适的；适用的
（1）对......适合的 be suitable for sth/doing sth
（2）适合做某事 be suitable to do sth
（3）这些鞋不适合在乡下散步。
These shoes are not suitable for walking in the country..
（4）我认为我不适合这个岗位。
I don’t think I should be suitable for the post.
6.challenge 挑战；艰巨任务
（1）做某事的挑战 the change of doing sth
（2）面对挑战 face a challenge
（3）迎接挑战 meet a challenge
（4）接受挑战 accept/take up a challenge
（6）就我而言，我下定决心接受挑战。As far as I ’m concerned, I ’m determined to take up/accept the
challenge.
challenge v.t 向(某人)挑战
向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sth
——challenging adj. 挑战性的，考验能力
7.confusing 难以理解的；不清楚的；
（1）觉得......令人困惑 find sth confusing
（2）对......来说令人困惑的 be confusing for sb
confuse——使糊涂；使迷惑；
（1）使某人困惑 confuse sb
（2）把和弄混 confuse A with B
confused——糊涂的；迷惑的
be confused about... 对......感到困惑
confusion——困惑；混淆
in confusion 困囧地8.graduate vi/vt 毕业；获得学位， n 毕业生
我们祝贺他从哈佛大学毕业了。
We congratulated him on having graduated from Harvard
University.
--graduation n.毕业
那是我们毕业后的第一份工作。
It was my first job after graduation.
9.recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍
( 1)向某人推荐、介绍某物 recommend sth to sb
( 2)推荐某人做（某职位）recommend sb for
(3)推荐某人作为...... recommend sb as
(4)建议做某事 recommend doing sth
(5)他建议我们读一读那部小说。
He recommended that we should read the novel.
10.quit v. 停止；戒掉；离开（工作职位、学校等）
(1)休学、退学 quit school
(2)辞掉工作 quit one’s job
(3)离职 quit office
(4)戒烟 quit smoking(5)那位组长经常在晚上七点左右就停止学习去散步。
The group leader often quits studying to take a walk at about
seven pm.
11.responsible adj.负责的；有责任的
(1)对......、负责 be responsible for
他仍然觉得对病人的死亡负有责任。
He still felt responsible for the patient’ s death.
--- responsibility n. 责任；义务
(1)负责做某事
take the responsibility of/for doing sth
(2)有做某事的责任
have a/the responsibility to do sth
12.schedule. n. 工作计划；日程安排; v. 安排；预定
(1)按预定时间 on schedule
(2)提前 ahead of schedule
(3)落后于预定时间 behind the schedule
(4)你已经安排了考试日程吗？
Have you made the examination schedule.13.expert n.专家；行家
(1)在......方面是行家 an expert on/at /in
(2)西蒙不仅是我们的校长，也是一名教育专家。
Simon is not only our headmaster, but also an expert in
education.
expert adj 熟练的；内行的；专家的
(1)在......方面在行
be expert at /in doing sth.
(2)琳达在寻找有用的学习信息方面很在行。
Linda is expert in/at finding useful information about study.
14.attract vt. 吸引；引起......的注意,
(1)吸引很大的兴趣 attract a lot of interest
(2)吸引某人的注意 attract one’s attention
(3)喜爱 be attracted to...
(4)被......吸引 be attracted by...
----attraction n. 有吸引力的事物
----attractive adj. 吸引人的
对孩子们有吸引力
be attractive to children
***重点短语***1.clean up. 打扫（或清除）干净
(1)除去、扫除 clean off
(2)我打算在这个夏天毕业后把我的旧书清理干净。
I plan to clean up my old books after I graduate this summer.
更多：
( 1)整理、收拾: tidy up
( 2)整理，放晴 clear up
2.sign up(for sth )报名（参加课程）
(1)签名 sign one’s name
(2)签到，签退 sign in/out
(3)示意某人做某事 sign to sb to do sth
(5)要报名成为会员，请填写这张表格。
To sign up for membership, please fill in the form.
---sign n.迹象
......的迹象 a sign of...
3.focus on... 集中；特别关注
(1)把心思集中在 focus one’s mind on...
(2)聚精会神于 focus one’s attention on...
(3)今天，我们要重点讨论师生之间的新关系。Today, we are going to focus on the new relationship between
teachers and students.
更多：
(1)注意 留意 pay attention to...
(2)集中于；专心于 concentrate on...
4. be addicted to... 对......入迷
( 1）习惯于 be used to...
（2）注意 pay attention to...
（3）期盼 look forward to...
（4）致力于 devote oneself to...
提示：这几个短语里的 to 均为介词。
***重点句型***
1.so that 引导状语从句
（1）我会自己想方法改进，这样我明年就能入选球队了。
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team
next year.
（2）查尔斯认为很多人想要赚许多钱，因为这样的话他们就不会再有任
何烦恼了？
Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money
so that they will not have any worries.2.make it+adj+不定式
（1）但是花太多时间在网上是不健康的，使得很难集中注意力在生活中
的其他事情上。
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it
very difficult to focus on other things.
（2）计算机技术让很多人可以在家里工作。
Computer technology makes it possible for many people to work
at home.
3.这/那是因为 This/that/it is because
（1）I guess its because they are adults and can’t understand
me.
我想是因为他们都是成年人了，不能理解我。
（2）He practise speaking English every day, at least three hours a
day. This is why he makes great progress in English.
= The reason why he makes great progress in English is that he
practise speaking English every day, at least three hours a day.
他天天练习说英语，每天至少三个小时。这是他英语进步的很大的原因。
4.too ...to...太......而不能......、（1）There is a girl I like in my class, but I’m too shy to talk to
her.
班上有个我喜欢的女孩，但是我太害羞了，不敢和他说话。
（2）You are too young to understand such things.
你太年轻，不懂得这样的事情。
Unit 2 Travelling around
***重点单词***
必修一 Unit 2 Travelling Around
1.apply vi 申请；请求；vt 应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）
<1>申请 apply for
<2>向某人申请某物 apply to sb for sth
<3>把某物应用到某物中 apply sth to sth
<4>致力于 apply oneself to
——application. n. 应用；用途；申请
<1>求职信 a job application
<2>申请信 a letter of application
---applicant. 申请者2.pack 收拾（行礼） 包装；打包行李 n 纸包；包裹。
<1>一包，一帮，一群 a pack of
<2>将装箱打包 pack sth up
<3>The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a ( pack ) packd
lunch.
3.amazing adj 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的；
让人吃惊的，古代的认们能够建造出如此伟大的建筑。（it 作形式主语）
It is amazing that the ancient people could have built such great
architecture.
---amaze v.t. 使吃惊；惊讶的；
---amazed adj. 惊奇的；惊喜的
<1>对......大为吃惊的 be amazed at/by/that
<2>因做某事而感到吃惊，惊讶 be amazed to do sth
---amazement n 惊异；惊愕
<1>令某人惊奇的是 to one’s amazement
<2>惊讶地 in amazement4.arrange vt/vi 安排，筹划
<1>安排做某事 arrange to do sth
<2>为某人安排某事 arrange sth for sb
The books were all neatly in place, carefully arranged.
---arrangement n.安排，筹备
<1>为......做安排、准备 make arrangements for
<2>谈妥，达成协议 arrive at an arrangement
5.recognize vt 辨别出，承认；认可；认识；认知
<1>通过......认出...... recognize....by/from
<2>把......看作...... recognize ..as
<3>大家都承认他是比赛中的最佳选手。
Everyone recognized him as/to be the best player in the match
——recognition 识别；承认，认出
认不出来 beyond/out of recognition.
6.type n 类型；种类
<1>这种 那种类型的 of this/that type
<2>一种 a type of
<3>各种类型的 all types of<4>是某人喜欢的类型 be one’s type
type vi/vt 打字
把......键入......（计算机）type ...into ...
7.admire vt 钦佩；赞赏；赞美；羡慕
<1>欣赏某人做某事 admire sb for sth
I admire him for his success in his business.
----admiration n. 钦佩；受人钦佩的人、物
We expressed admiration for Shaw as a young coach.
---admirable adj. 令人羡慕的
8.contact vt.联络；联系
通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
contact sb by email/telephone
contact n. 联系；接触
<1>与某人取得联系 make contact with
<2>与某人保持联系 keep in contact with sb
<3>使某人接触某物 bring sb into contact with sb<4>使某人失去联系 lose contact with sb
9. credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
<1>为某人带来荣誉；某人值得赞扬；在某人名下 to one’s credit
<2>获得学分 receive a credit
<3>因为......而获得赞扬或表扬 receive a credit for
<4>信用卡 a credit card
10. detail 细节，详情
<1>详细地 in detail
<2>详细叙述，逐一说明 go into detail
----detailed adj. 详细的
11. request n. 请求；要求
<1>要求得到...... make a request for
<2>按照要求 by request
<3>应某人的要求 at sb’s request
request vt. 请求；要求
<1>要求某人做某事 request sb to do sth
<2>向某人索要某事 request sth from sb我的老师要求我经常使用英语。
My teacher requested me to use/that I should use English
frequently.
12. view n.风景；视野；观点；见解
<1>在视线范围内 in view
<2>不在视野 中 out of view
<3>进入视野 come into view
<4>对......一览无余 have a good view of...
<5>乍一看；初见 at first view
<6>鉴于，考虑到，由于 in view of
view vt 观看；注视；考虑
把......看作......view ...as...
13.sight. n 景象；看见；视力；视野
<1>进入视野，出现在眼前，看见 come into sight
<2>看不见，消失 lose sight of/out of sight
<3>失明 lose one’s sight
<4>在视野内，看得见 in/ within sight
<5>初见，乍一看 at first sight
<6>一看见...... at the sight of...14.comment v. 评论
<1>对某事加以评论
comment on sth; make a comment/ comments on sth
comment n. 评论
<1>不加评论 without comment
<2>她丈夫对她的新发型没做任何评论，这令她有点失望。
Her husband made no comment on/ about her new hair-style,
which made her a little disappointed.
***重点短语***
1.take control of... 控制；接管
<1>他虽然已到退休年龄，但仍大权在握。
He’s reached retiring age,but he is still firmly in control.
<2>谁能管住这些淘气的孩子？
Who can take control of these naughty children?
<3>这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。
The children are completely out of control since their father left.
2. make up 虚构；弥补；形成，组成；化妆；讲和；和好
<1>Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.
<2>汤姆编故事来逗乐他弟弟。
Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.
Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with
hard work.
<3>Check in 在旅馆登记住宿；住宿；报到；签到；接收并登记。
Check out 结账离开，核实无误。
***重点句型***
全部倒装
<1>Below are two texts about Peru. Look through them quickly.
以下是秘鲁的两篇短文。快速浏览它们。
<2>Especially amazing is the incas ’ dry stone method of
building.
特别让人惊奇的是印加人的干石建筑法。
句式仿写
<1>这些书中有我最喜爱的故事书。Among the books is my favourite
book.
强调句型：<1>It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language
of Peru.
正是因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
句式仿写
<2>是我明天要去青岛。
It is I who am going to Qingdao tomorrow.
as 引导的从句
课本原句
<1>Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving
along the new high way connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
沿着连接库斯科到的的喀喀湖的新公路，你可以欣赏美丽的乡村。
仿写
<2>当我到达学校门口时，.....
Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left my book in
the cafe,
句式扩展
<3>虽然你聪明，...
Clever as you are,I think you will fail if you don’t work hard,
<4>据今天的报纸报道，那位著名的音乐家下周要来我们的城市举办音
乐会。As is reported in today ’s newspaper, the famous musician is to
give a concert in our city.
3. Can hardly/can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
<5>我听说这是一个令人惊叹的景象，我迫不及待的想去。
I have heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can’t wait to go.
<6>毕业生迫不及待地要离开学校去工作。
The graduates can’t wait to leave school to work.
Unit 3 Sports and fitness
***重点单词***
honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
(1)in honour of 为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念……
(2)have the honour to do/of doing... 有幸做……
=be/feel honoured to do/of doing... 为做……而感到荣幸
(3)It's an honour to do... 很荣幸做……
honour v. 尊敬(某人); 给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)
(4)honour sb.with sth.for... 因……授予某人某物
(5)be honoured as... 被尊称为……
→honourable adj.光荣的；高尚的determine vt.决定；判决
(1)determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
(2)be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
(3)determine on/upon 决定
→determination n．决心；决定
with determination 坚决地；果断地
→determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的；果断的
injure vt. (使)受伤；损害
→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的
(1)the injured 伤员
→injury n．伤害；损伤
(2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 害某人
strength n．力量；体力
(1)build up one's strength/body 强身健体
(2)strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
(3)The strength of...is that... ……的优点是……
→strong adj. 强壮的
→strengthen vt. 加强；巩固
fail v．失败；不及格(1)fail to do... 未能做……
(2)fail in doing sth ... 在(做）……失败
→failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)
(3)end in failure 以失败告终
[易错点拨]
(1)failure 表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义“失败的人或事”
时，则可数。
(2)failure 后可接不定式作定语，但不接 of doing...。
compete vi. 竞争；对抗
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
(2)compete for 为……而竞争
(3)compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
→competition n．竞争
→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的
→competitor n．竞争者
pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事pretend that ... 假装……
[拓展]
和 pretend 有类似用法(后接 to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还
有 happen，appear，seem，claim 等及 be said to 结构。
diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
a balanced diet 平衡膳食
be on a diet 节食
go on a diet 节食
stress n．压力；紧张；重音
(1)under stress 在压力之下
(2)put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力
(3)lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
stress vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性
→stressful adj.紧张的；有压力的
positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
(1)on the positive side 从好的方面看
(2)be positive about sth. 对某事有信心/乐观
(3)be positive that... 对……有把握；信心***重点短语***
come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现
come up with 想出；提出
come about 发生
come across 穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版；发行
come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
When it comes to... 当谈到……
work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；理解；(有预期的)结果
work on 从事……；继续……
work at 从事，致力于……
work as 充当，作为……而工作
at/out of work 在工作/失业
make a difference 对……有作用/有影响
make use of 利用；使用
make it 获得成功；准时到达
manage it 能做到
set an example (for sb) （为...某人）树立榜样
follow sb.'s example 学某人的样子be an example to sb. 成为某人的榜样
for example 例如
fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃
fall down 摔倒
fall off 从……掉下来
fall behind 落后，跟不上
fall over 跌倒，绊倒
fall into 养成，染上
fall out (头发等)脱落；吵架
[语境助记]
A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She
stepped on it and fell over.What's worse ， her bowl broke into
pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into
the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl will fall
behind others in time.
香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有看见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，
她的碗摔成了碎片。她妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。如果小女孩养成事事依赖
父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。
lose heart 丧失信心；泄气(1)put one's heart into ... 一心扑在……上
learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢……
strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
from the bottom of sb.'s heart 从某人的心底
(2)heart and soul 全心全意地
give up 放弃；投降
give away 分发；赠送；泄露
give back 归还
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out 分发；用完；耗尽
give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交
make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
common sense 常识
There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
make a difference 有作用或影响；有差别，造成影响，起作用make some difference to 对……有些关系
make no/little difference 没影响，不重要
tell the difference between...and... 辨别出……
rather than 而不是
(1)rather than 而不是
rather sb.than sb. 不想做别人要去做的事
(2)or rather 更确切地说；更准确地讲
(3)would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do
sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿……而不愿……；与其……倒
不如……
(4)would rather ＋从句用过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟用过去完成时，
表示对过去的虚拟
cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut in 插嘴，打断讲话
cut across 抄近路穿过；横越
cut down 砍倒；缩减
cut off 切断；割掉；截断(退路等)
cut up 切碎；伤心
now and then 有时，偶尔now and then 有时；偶尔
sometimes 有时
at times 有时；偶尔
occasionally 偶尔
once in a while 偶尔，有时
compare...with/to ……与……比较
***重点句型***
It's up to sb. to do sth.做某事由某人来决定。
up to 多达……
be up to (doing)sth. 正在(做)……；从事于……；胜任做……
up to now 到目前为止
when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
when，while 和 as 都可引导时间状语从句
其具体含义和用法如下：
(1)when“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以
发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
(2)while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作
同时发生(3)as “一边……一边……”常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时
或几乎同时发生
①When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.
当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。
②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.
客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。
③As he grew older，he became less active.
随着他逐渐长大 ，他变得不那么活泼了。
[名师点津]
如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段
时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while 与 as 可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old
friend.
我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
even if/though 引导让步状语从句，语气较强，此外，if，though，
although 也可引导让步状语从句；意为“虽然，尽管”。
① If life there was full of hardships ， it was also full of joy and
excitement.
虽然那儿的生活非常艰苦，但是也非常愉快和令人兴奋的。(这里的 if 相当
于 even if)
②Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不在。
③Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你说的话，但我不同意你的意见。
once 引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
once 在本句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。如果 once 引导
的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有 be 动词的某种
形式时，或从句为“it be...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。
①Once trust is lost，what is left?
一旦失去了信任，还剩下什么呢？
②Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten.
一旦被听过，这首歌很难被忘记。
③Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget.
一旦看见，这幅画很难被忘记。
Unit 4 Natural disasters
***知识清单***
1. rescue vt.营救；救援
(1)把某人从......营救出来: rescue sb from
rescue n.营救；救援
(2)进行营救: attempt a rescue(3)设法（实行）营救: make/perform a rescue
(4)他答应在我有危险的时候会来救我。
He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger.
2. damage vt.损坏、迫害。n.损失；损害
(1)弥补损失: recover a damage
(2)赔偿损失: pay for damage
(3)遭受损失、蒙受损害: suffer damage
(4)洪水对庄稼造成重大的损毁。
The flood did/caused great damage to the crop.
3.survive vi.生存；存活 vt 幸存、艰难度过
(1)靠......活下来；靠......生存: survive on
(2)比某人多活......survive sb by
(3)在这次空难中没有人幸免于难。
Nobody survived the disaster.
→ survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
4. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
(1)你的话会破坏孩子的自信心。
Your words will destroy your child’s confidence.
(2)我们不能再继续破坏环境了。We can’t continue to destroy the environment.
→ destruction n. 破坏；毁灭
5.affect vt 影响;（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感染（疾病）
(1)我们被他的真诚深深打动。
We were affected by his sincerity.
(2)如今科技极大地影响了我们的生活。
Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life.
6.shelter n 避难所；居所；庇护 vt 保护 掩蔽 躲避
(1)那棵大树使我们免受大雨的侵袭.
The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain.
(2)这个计划是为无家可归的人提供住所。
The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless.
→ effect n. 影响；效果；结果
7.ruin vt. 破坏；毁坏
(1)毁掉某人的希望、健康:ruin ones hope/health
ruin n. 破坏；毁坏
(2)坍塌 fall into ruin
(3)灾难过后，一切都成了废墟。
After the disaster, everything was in ruins.8.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
(1)文化冲击: culture shock
(2)震惊；吃惊: in shock
shock vt. 使震惊
(3)对......感到吃惊: be shocked at/by...
(4)我们非常震惊地得知我们喜爱的这位作家已经去世。
We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed
away
9. trap vt. 使落入险境；是陷入圈套 n 陷阱；险境
(1)用......捕捉；使困于......: trap sb/sth in sth
(2)诱骗某人使之采取某种行动: trap sb into sth/doing
(3)震后，很多人被困于废墟下。
After earthquake, many people were trapped under the ruins.
10. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
(1)专心于（某事）：陷入，沉浸于；藏于:bury … in...
(2)埋头于；专心于 bury oneself in ...
(4)她以手掩面，痛哭起来。
She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly,
11.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(1)努力做某事: make an effort/efforts to do sth
(2)不遗余力: spare no effort
(3)值得努力: be worth the effort
(4)毫不费力地: without effort
(5)他努力地说英语。
He spoke in English with effort.
12. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
(1)遭受: suffer from
(2)遭受疼痛: suffer pain
(3)他们公司去年生意亏损。
Their company suffered loss in business last year,
→ suffering n. 痛苦；苦难
13. supply n.供应量；补给；补给品。
(1)食物供应 food supply
(2)供应不足 in short supply
supply vt.供应；供给
(3)提供给某人某物 supply sb with sth
(4)把某物提供给某人 supply sth to sb
(5)这家商店向顾客提供各种商品。
The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers.14. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
(1)某人有权、能力 within one’s power
(2)掌权 come into power
(3)有权力做某事 have the power to do sth
(4)停电 power failure
(6)这里没有人有权在文件上签名。
Nobody here has the power to sign the paper.
→ powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
15.calm n.镇静的；沉着的
(1)保持冷静: stay/keep/remain calm
她在危险面前能保持镇静。
She can keep calm in the face of danger.
calm vt. 使平静；使镇静
(2)使某人镇静下来: calm sb down
→ calmly adv. 平静地；冷静地
16.aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
(1)（对某人）实施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid
(2)帮某人的忙 come to the aid of sb
(3)为了帮助:in aid of为了帮助洪灾地区举行了一场音乐会。
A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.
(4)在......的帮助下: with the aid of
aid v.帮助；援助
(5)帮助某人做某事: aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth
(6)在某方面帮助某人:aid sb with sth
17.sweep vt/vi. 打扫；清扫( swept swept)
(1)消灭；彻底清除: sweep away
(2)打扫干净，清扫干净: sweep out
(3)席卷；轻易通过: sweep through
(4)打扫；清扫: sweep up
(5)晚会结束后，她被留下来打扫卫生。
She was left to sweep up after the party.
18.wave n 海浪；波浪
(1)一波......，一阵...... a wave of
wave vt/vi 挥手；招手
(2)向......挥手: wave at/to ...
她从街对面向我招手。
She waved at me from across the street.(3)挥手告别: wave off
→ wavy adj 波浪形的
19. strike vt/vi. 侵袭；突击；击打
(1)打一个男孩: strike a boy
(2)钟敲了十二下 : strike twelve
(3)打击敌人: strike the enemy
(4)某人忽然想起: It strikes sb that…
(5)我忽然想起家里一个人也没有。
It struck me that there was no one at home.
strike n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
开始罢工、罢课 : be/go on strike
20. deliver. vt 递送，传达，发表
(1)发货: deliver the goods
(2)作报告: deliver a speech
(3)接生: deliver a baby
(4)送某人到家: deliver to sb’s house
(5)大卫会一大早起来送报纸。
David would get up early in the morning to deliver newspaper.
→ delivery n 递送，分娩21. summary n. 总结；概括；概要
(1)…的摘要、总结: summary of
(2)作总结: make a summary
(3)总的来说，总之: in summary
总之，这次运动取得了巨大的成功。
In summary, the campaign has been a great success.
→ summarize vt 概述；总结
22. effect n. 影响；结果；效果
(1)实行: bring/ put sth into effect
(2)产生效果: bring about effect
(3)生效；开始实施: come into effect/ take effect
(4)实际上；事实上: in effect
(5)从......起开始生效: with effect from
(6)这反过来又对狼的食物供应产生了影响。
This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves.
→ effective adj 有效的；生效的
23. length n. 长；长度
(1)最后，最终: at length
(2)长度: in length.
(3)十分详尽地: at great/full length.(4)桌子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。
The length of the table is twice its breadth.
→ lengthen v（使）变长
二．重点短语
1.as if/though 似乎，好像；仿佛
(1)引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或为事实。可用陈述语气；若为事
实相反，应使用虚拟语气。
(2)他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。
He likes to talk big as if he was an important person.
(3)听起来好像有人在敲门。
It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door.
2.in the open air 露天；在户外
(1)乘飞机: by air
(2)在传播中: in the air
(3)正在广播: on the air
(4)停止广播: off the air
(5)他正在户外散步。
He is now taking a walk in the open air.
3.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）(1)交上；提交: hand in
(2)分发: hand out
(3)交出；移交: hand over
(4)交付，传递: hand on
(5)在手边；可能很快发生的: at hand
(6)用手工: by hand
(7)握手: shake hands
(8)手拉手；密切关联: hand in hand
(9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她们要照顾家庭；另一方面，许多妇
女又选择外出工作。
Women today are very busy. On the one hand, they have to take
care of their families; on the other hand, many women choose to
go out to work.
三、重点句型
1. 主语+be+adj+(+for sb ) +to do
课本原句
(1)水、食物和电都很难获得.
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
句式仿写
(2)火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷
发时的情景。The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall
never forget my first sight of one.
2. be doing……when…正在做......,这时......
课本原句
(1)我和我的三个孩子吃早餐的时候。水开始充满了我的家。
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started
filling my home.
(2)我正往家走，老师好心地让我搭个便车。
I was walking home when my teacher kindly gave me a lift.
句式拓展
(3)她正要举手，这时下课了。
She was about to raise her hand when class was over.
Unit 5 Languages around the world
***知识清单***
一、短语
1．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (to...) 追溯到
4．the attitude to/towards ……对……的态度5．pay attention to 注意
6．be of great importance 很重要
7．be known for 因……而出名
8．lead to 导致
9．be connected with 和……有联系
10．play a．..role in 起着……的作用
11．point of view 观点；看法
12．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
13．give up 放弃
14．feel like 感觉像
15．used to 过去常常
16．get/be used to 适应，习惯于
17．compare...with... 与……相比较
18．depend on 依靠， 取决于
19．be senior to 比……年长
20．aside from 除了……之外
二、词汇用法
native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(1)one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be native to 原产于……
(2)be a native of... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物attitude n．态度；看法；姿态
attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards... 对……持/采取……的态度
despite prep.即使；尽管，为介词，后常跟名词或 v.ing
even if 即使；尽管， 为连词， 后跟从句
refer to 提及；查阅；参考；把…称作…；指的是
→reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
refer to...as... 把……称作……
based adj.以(某事)为基础的→basic adj.基本的；基础的
(1)base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
(2)at the base of 以……为基点；在……的底部
date back(to...)追溯(到……)
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的， 陈旧的
variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj. 不同
的；各种各样的→vary vt.&vi. 改变；变化(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)for various reasons 由于种种原因
(3)vary from...to... 从…到…不等；在…到…之间变动
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专
门研究
→majority n. 大多数；→minority 少数....
(1)major in 主修……；以……为专业
(2)the majority of 大多数……
be in the majority 构成大部分/大多数
means n．方式；方法；途径
(1)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
(2)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(3)mean vi. 意味着
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
(1)regard/consider...as... 认为……是……
(2)have high/no regard for... 高度关注/无视……with/in regard to sth. 关于某事
appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏；
感激
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)express one's appreciation/thanks to sb.for sth. 表达对某人的感
激之情
struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
point of view 观点；看法
from one's point of viewin one's view/opinionas far as sb.is
concerned 依某人来看
equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；equally adv. →同样地；平
等地
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事(2)A equals B in sth. A 在某方面比得上 B
demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
→demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do... 要求……
description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘
(1)be beyond description 无法形容，难以描述
(2)give a description of... 介绍……
relate vt.联系；讲述→relation n．关系
(1)relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述
relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)be related to 与……有关
(3)in relation to 关于
三、句型
This/That is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期
There was a time when...曾有一段时间……This was a time when I hated to go to school.
这是我最讨厌上学的时候。
There was a time when I didn't get along well with my
classmates.
有一段时间我和同学们相处得不好。
no matter＋特殊疑问词(如 who/what/where/when 等)”均可引导让
步状语从句，
表示不管；无论...，可与特殊疑问词ever 等词互换。
No matter how difficult the problem is ， we should not lose
heart.
= However difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart.无论
多么困难的问题，我们不应该丧失信心。
as 引导状语从句， 意为“随着”
As China plays a greater role in global affairs ， an increasing
number of international students are beginning to appreciate
China's culture and history through this amazing language.随着中
国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过
汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
the＋比较级， the＋比较级 越……， 就越……the more...，the less... 越……， 越不……
the more...the better... ……越多，……就越好
The more he explained，the more confused I became.
他越解释我就越迷惑。
As is known to us，the lazier a person is，the more things he needs
to do tomorrow.
众所周知，一个人越懒， 他明天要做的事情越多。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越仔细，你就会越少犯错误。
have trouble with sth./in doing sth. 做……上有困难
have difficulty with sth. 在……上有困难
have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
I hope we won't have any trouble with each other.希望我们彼此之
间不会有什么不愉快的事情。
I had no difficulty in making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达
了自己的意思。
动词＋疑问词＋to do 结构
I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head，and I
certainly can't remember how to use them all properly.我不能把所有的新词汇都记在脑子里，当然我也记不得如何正确地使用
它们。
