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2016年考研英语()真题逐词逐句精讲
T Toe Hz1,
• •••第一*段 ••••
❶ In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.在柬埔寨，对于年轻男性而言，选择配偶是
一件复杂的事情。
句子主干 In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one （主+系+表）
___________ [介词短语作句子主干的状语
? _级修饰 for the young male. |
❷ It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.
这也许不仅与男方的父母和朋友以及年轻女性的父母和朋友有关，还与媒人有关。
as well as those of the young woman,
| as well asjj接并列的名词短语
句子主干 It may involve not only 蜒些虫,（主+谓+宾）
| not only...but also连接的并列宾语
but also a matchmaker.
[词汇注释'i*nvolve [mwolv] vt.涉及,牵涉;包含 matchmaker [ .maet/meikafr） ] n.媒人，红娘
❸ A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations,
or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.年轻男性可
以自己选定一个合适的配偶，然后请求父母安排提亲，或者由年轻男性的父母为他选择配偶，在选择的过程中
几乎不给他发言的权利。
（1） A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own （主+谓+宾）
| and连接的并列谓宾
句子主干 and then （can） ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations,
。薄接的并列句
（2） or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse,（主+谓+宾）
.................... 1—■in— - — —"I -—-
现在分词短语作（2）句的伴随状语[
一级修饰 giving the child little to say in the selection.
decide on选定;决定 l*ikely [ laikH] a.似乎合适的;可能的
negotiation [niigsuji'eifn] n•协商;谈判;磋商 s*election [srlekjn] 选择;挑选
❹In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.理论上，女孩可以拒绝父母为她挑选的配偶。
句子主干 in theory, a girl may veto tihe spouse （主+谓+宾）
[省略关系词（whom/who/that ）的定语从句，修饰the spouse
—级修饰 her parents have chosen.
75❺ After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good
family.在选定配偶之后，双方家庭都会去调查对方的家庭情况，以确保自己的孩子通过婚姻进入一个好的
家庭。
一级修饰 After a spouse has been selected, “
I After引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 each family investigates the other （主+谓+宾）
I动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to make sure
—级修饰 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句,[作make sure的宾语
its child is marrying into a good family.
:词汇泪？ : investigate * [ in- vestigeit ] v.调查;审查;研究 marry into结婚后成为（某家中）一员
…第二段&
❶The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.传统婚礼是一件持续时间长而又富有趣味的事情。
句子主干 The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.（主+系+表）
诃无注释；a*ffair [3.fe3（r）J e.事情;私通;不寻常之物
❷ Formerly it lasted three days, but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.以前，婚礼会持续三天，但
是到了 20世纪80年代，婚礼持续一•天半更常见。
（1） Formerly it lasted three days,（主+谓）
句子主干 I but连接的并列句，表转折
（2） but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.（主+谓）
寒成建群:（1）句中的three days和（2）句中的a day and a half均作状语,表示持续的时长。
「商W您森;formerly [.f3；m3li] ad.以前;原来;从前 l*[aist Q：st]仇（使）持续;（使）继续存在
❸ Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing.佛教僧侣会做一场简短的布道,并吟诵表达祝
福的祈祷文。
Buddhist priests offer ashor^sermon （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and recite prayers of blessing.
:'而无连祢]Buddhist [ budist ] a.佛教的n.佛教徒 P*riest [pri:st ] n.僧侣;神父;牧师
sermon [ .S3：man] n.布道,讲道;冗长的说教 r*ecite [rrsait] vt.吟诵，背诵；逐一讲述
❹ Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and
groom's wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. 典礼
包含剪发仪式，将浸过圣水的棉线系在新娘和新郎的手腕上,在一圈婚姻幸福且受人尊敬的夫妻中传递蜡烛以
祝福这场婚姻等环节。
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,（主+谓+宾）
I并列宾语
句子主干 tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the b*sride and groom's wrists,
| and连接的并列宾语
and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples
I动词不定式短语作目的状语
—级修饰 to bless the union.
76:词汇注释：c*[eremony sergmani] n.典礼;礼仪;客套 ritual *[ -ntJual] a.仪式性的 n.礼节
s*[soaaukk] v.浸泡;浸湿;使湿透 union*[ju ：niQn] n.婚姻;结为夫妻;联盟
❺ Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new
house nearby.传统上，新婚夫妻要搬到妻子的父母家里，可能会同他们一起居住长达一年，直到新婚夫妻能够
在附近建造一所新房子为止。 ”
一级修饰 with the wife's parents
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
Newlyweds traditionally move in （主+谓）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓语
and may live with them up to a year,
[until引导的时间状语从句
until they can build a new house nearby.
词汇注释！ newlywed [ -njuzli wed] n.新婚夫妇 move in搬来（一起住）；逼近
…第三段…
❶Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common.离婚是合法的，而且容易实现,但并不常见。
—饭修饰 to obtain,
动词不定式短语作状语,[修饰easy
Divorce is legal and easy （主+系+表）
句子主干 I but连接并列的系表结构
but （is） not common.
❷Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval.人们会以不赞成的目光看待离婚人士c
句子主干 Divorced persons are viewed （主+谓）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
_级修饰 with some disapproval.
:词汇淫释：v*[viejuwi] vt.看待；观看n.看法;景色 disapproval [ ,disg pru：vl] n.不赞成，反对
❸ Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided
equally.夫妻双方均可保留各自带入婚姻的任何财产，他们共同获得的财产则被平均分配。
whatever property he or she brought into the marriage,
]whatever引导的宾语从句,作retains的宾语
句子主干 ⑴Each spouse retains （主+谓+宾从）
| and连接的并列句
（2）and jointly・acquired property is divided equally.（主+谓）
:词汇淫释:r*etain [n^tem] vt.保留;保持;聘请 jointly [ -dsomtli] ad.共同地;联合地
❹ Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period
before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.离了婚的人可以再婚，但是会出现性别偏见：离了婚
的男性再婚之前没有等待期，而离了婚的女性则必须要等待十个月（才能再婚）。
77（—Divorced persons may remarry,（主+谓）
句子主干 I but连接的并列句，表转折
（2）but a gender prejudice shows up:（主+谓）
j补充说明（2）句
The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period
一级修饰 | while连接的并列句，表对比
while the woman must wait ten months.
before引导的时间状语从句
二级修饰 before he can remarry
'，词汇注释；remarry [ trirmseri] v.再婚 g*ender [ djendaCr） ] n.性别
p*rejudice [ 'predjudis] n.偏见;成见;歧视 show up出现;到来;露面
V/Z//
Part A
Text 1
• ••• —
O France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right
to define physical beauty for women.以自己的“全球时尚创新者”身份为荣的法国，已经确定其时尚业已不再拥
有定义女性形体美的绝对权力。
一级修饰 which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,
I which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明France
France,...has decided （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 ［省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作has decided的宾语
its fashion industry has lost an absolute right
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰an absolute right
一级修饰 to define physical beauty for women.
❷ Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on
runways.该国立法者于上周初步通过了一项法律，该法律规定雇用极瘦的T台模特会构成犯罪。
句子主干 Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week （主+谓+宾）
一"" ~_ *
介词短语作状语』表对象
一级修饰 to a law
that引导的定语从句J修饰a
that would make it a crime
二级修饰 it为形式宾语，动词不定式短语作真正的宾语
to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
:词汇注释: p*reliminary [pn liminsri] a.初步的 n.初步行动 a*pproval [9，pru:vl] n.通过;批准;赞成
e*mploy [ im pbi] vt.雇用;运用 runway [ TAnwei] n. T 型台;跑道
❸ The parliament also agreed to ban websites that u incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. 议会还同
意取缔那些通过宣传极端节食来“煽动过度瘦身”的网站。
78句子主干 The parliament also agreed to ban websites （主+谓+宾）
that引导的定语从句,［修饰websites
一级修饰 that "incite excessive thinness"
］介词短语作方式状语
二级修饰 ”by promoting extreme dieting.
parliament^ [ •pazbmant ] n.议会；国会 b*[an baen] vt.取缔；禁止 n.禁令
incite [ in,sait] vt.煽动;鼓动 e*xcessive [ ik-sesiv] a.过度的；过分的
. ••• •••• '
O Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.这些措施有几个令人振奋的动机。
句子主干 Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.（主+谓+宾）
_）—
......... -----------------------—-l-_l—^1—,l~_—^1—l_—_— I.
:巨]汇注释:uplifting [ lApTifti^] a,令人振奋的 m* otive [，msutiv] n.动机;原因；目的
❷ They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.它们表明，美不应该由最终危
害健康的外表来界定。
They suggest （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 ［省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作suggest的宾语
beauty should not be defined
［介词by引出动作的发出者
一级修饰 by looks
that引导的定语从句,［修饰looks
二级修饰 that end up impinging on health.
end up最终；结果；到头来 impinge on侵害;妨碍;侵犯;冲击
❸ That's a start. 这是第一条。
That's a start.（主+系+表）
❹ And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some
have done.其次，这项关于超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅是为了保护模特不致饿死自己一已有模特因节食而死。
一级修饰 on ultra-thin models
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰the ban
And tiie ban...seems to go beyond （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 动名词短语作seems to go beyond的宾语[
protecting models from starving themselves to death
[补充说明starving themselves to death
一级修饰 as some have done.
:词汇注释i go beyond超过；越过;超出能力 s*tarve ［ sta：v］ vt.（使）饿死;（使）挨饿
❺ It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls,
about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth,它还责令时尚业必须对其向女性,
尤其是青春期女孩，所传递的信号负责，这种信号涉及她们必须用以决定其个人价值的社会标准。
79句子主干 It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
介词短语作状语]
_级修饰 for the signal
省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，修饰the signal]
it sends women, especially teenage girls,
二级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the signal
about the social tape-measure
省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句,[修饰the social tape-measure
三级修饰 they must use
动词不定式短语作目的状语]
四级修饰 to determine their individual worth.
词汇注释：take responsibility foi•对....负责 s*ignal [ signal] n.信号;指示灯v.发信号
tape-measure卷尺(文中引申为“标准“ ) individual * [iindi'vidsual] a.个人的;单独的ru个人
…•第三段•…
❶ The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of
their beauty.这些禁令如果得以全面执行，将会向女性(以及许多男性)表明，不应让他人评定自己的美丑。
The bans,...would suggest to women (and many men)(主+谓+宾从)
句子主干
一级修饰
| that引导的宾语从句，作would suggest的宾语
that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.
补充说明句子主干
if fully enforced,
:迥汇洼释二enforce vt.强制执行;强迫 arbiter [ dibits(r)]儿决定者;仲裁者;裁决人
❷ And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than
dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.而且，也许这些禁令也隐约暗示，人们应关注性格和才智等
无形的品质，而不是通过节食来获得极瘦身材或拥有蜂腰体形。
And perhaps faintly, they hint (主+谓+宾从)
[that引导的宾语从句，作hint的宾语
句子主干 that people should look to intangible qualities
rather thanjj接的并列成分J肯定前者，否定后者‘‘
rather than dieting their way
举例说明 intangible qualities
like character and intellect
一级修饰 介词短语作目的状语
to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
•»
力无洼暮：faintty [ femtU] ad.隐约地;微弱地 h*int [hint] v./n.暗示;示意
intangible [ m^aendjabl] a.无形的;难以形容的 intellect [ mtalekt] n.才智;智力高的人
d*[iet daiat] v.节食 n.日常饮食 physique [frziik] n.体形;体格
80.…第四段•…
❶ The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as
skin-deep-and bone-showing.然而，法国采取的措施过分依靠严厉的惩罚来改变目前仍将美视为外表的、骨
感的文化。
»•
句子主干 The French measures, however, rely too much on seyere^unishment （主+谓+宾）
动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语[
'一级修饰 to chmige a culture
that引导的定语从句J修饰a culture
二级修饰 that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing.
;词汇至薜；skin-deep表面的;肤浅的;表皮的 bone-showing骨感的
❷ Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a
$85,000 fine and six months in prison.根据该项法律，若雇用身体质量指数不符合政府规定的时尚模特，可能
会被处以8.5万美元的罚款和六个月的监禁。
—级修饰 Under the law,
' I介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 using a fashion model...could result in a $85,（）2Qj巫芝匹坐蛆史虫g虫四.
t that引导的定语从句，修饰a fashion model
一级修饰 that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass
词汇遂释:m*[meiet ：t] vt.符合;迎接vi.遇见 i*ndex [ -mdeks] n.指数;索引
m*[maasess] n.质量;团;大量;群众a.大批的 f*ine [fam] n.罚款;罚金vt.处....以罚金
••••第五段••••
O The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
时尚业知道，专注于物质装饰和理想化体形是其自身的一个固有问题。
The fashion industry knows （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作knows的宾语
it has an inherent problem
I介词短语作状语，表方面
—级修饰 in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
:词汇注释；i*nherent [mhiarant] a.固有的；内在的 material * [ matiarial ] a.物质的n.材料;素材
adornment [a^ommant] n.装饰;装饰品 idealize [ardiialaiz] vt.把.....理想化
❷ In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion
images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，时尚业正尝试为模特和时
尚形象制定自愿性标准，这些标准的实施更多地依赖同行压力。
81一级修饰 In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries,
介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
句子主干 it is trying to set voluntary standards （主+谓+宾）
一级修饰
:词汇注释; i*mage [ -imids] n.形象;画像；图像 peer pressure同行压力;同伴压力
••••第六段•••
❶ In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age,
health, and other characteristics of models.与法国的行动形成对比的是，丹麦时尚业上个月就关于模特的年龄、
健康以及其他特征的多项规定和处罚达成了一致。
一级修饰 In contrast to France's actions,
I介词短语作句子主干的比较状语
句子主干 Denmark9s fashion industry agreed last month on rules^ and sanctions （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰rules and sanctions
二级修希
regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.
商汇生幕；sanction1^ [-saegkjn] n.处罚;许可,批准次.许可 r*egarding [n-gaidig] prep.关于;至于
❷ The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states： ** We are aware of and take responsibility for the
impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people."新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》明确声
明:“我们知晓时尚业对理想体形的影响，尤其是对年轻人的影响，并为此影响负责
The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly
states：（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 直接引语作states的宾语]
“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact
省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，修饰the impact [
the fashion industry has
—级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the impact
on body ideals, especially on young people?,
；'5 revise^ [ rrvaiz] vt.修订;改变 w.复习 c*harter [ -tjaitsfr） ] n.宪章,章程;许可证 vt.包租
s*tate [ steit] vt.声明;规定n.状态;州 i*deal [ardiisl] n.理想;理想典范a.理想的
❸ The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion
Week （CFW）, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.执行该宪章的主要方式是拒绝设计师和模特经纪公
司参加由丹麦时装协会举办的哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。
句子主干 The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access （主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰access]
for designers and modeling agencies
介词席语作后置定语,
一级修饰
to Copenhagen Fashion Week （CFW）,
which引导的非限定性定语从句j补充说明Copenhagen Fi
'ashion Week（CFW）
二级修饰 which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
82:词汇注辉:d*eny [drnai] vt.拒绝;否认 a*ccess [ -aekses] n.进入（权）；通道
a*gency [-eidjansi] n.代理公司；（政府的）局 r*un [fad] vt.管理;运行。.奔跑n.跑步
❹But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.但总体上，它依靠点名批评的方式使人遵守
规定。
句子主干 But in general it relies on 史坦竺（主+谓+宾）
:商W生* 幕 name.and.shame点名批评;公开指责 compliance [kam plaians] n.遵守;顺从;服从
••••第七段
❶ Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.依靠道德劝
说而非诉诸法律来解决理想体形误用问题可能是最佳方法。
句子主干 Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law...may be the best step.（主+系+表）
j动词不定式短语作目的状语
一级修饰 to address the misuse of body ideals
:词汇注释^ethical [ -e0ikl] a.道德的;合乎道德的 p*ersuasion [p^swe^n] n.劝说;信仰
a*ddress [g.dres] vt.设法解决;处理 n.住址 misuse [iinis-juzs] n.误用；滥用
❷ Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.其实更胜
一筹的方法是提升审美观念，使其突破一个特定行业的物质标准。
句子主干 Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty （倒装句:表+系+主）
I介词短语作状语
_级修饰 beyond the material standards
I介词短语作后置定语，修饰the material standards
兰级修饰 of a particular industry.
:词汇注释:e*levate [ *eliveit ] vt.提升；抬起;举起;晋升 notion * [ •naujn ] n.观念;信念;理解
Text 2
…••第一段•…
❶ For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.有史以来，城镇人口首次超过乡村人口 o
_级修饰 For the first time in history
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 more people live in towns （主+谓）
| than...作比较状语
一级修饰 than in the country.
❷In Britain this has had a curious result.在英国，这种现象已经引发了一个奇怪的结果°
句子主干 In Briuin this has had a curious result.（主+谓+宾）
:j curious * [ -kjoarias ] a.稀奇古怪的;不寻常的;好奇的
❸ While polls show Britons rate M the countrysideM alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health
Service （ NHS） as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.尽管民意调查显ZK,
83英国人将“乡村”连同王室、莎士比亚以及国民医疗服务体系（NHS） —并视为国家最让他们引以为傲的地方，但
这获得的政治支持有限。
as what makes them proudest of their country,
|介词短语作“the countryside"... （NHS）的补足语
_级修饰 Britons rate ^the countryside” alongside the royal family9M.the National Health Service （NHS）
[省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作show的宾语
While polls show
{While弓I导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 this has limited political support.（主+谓+宾）
:寰成洼释;as what...country中,what引导的宾语从句,作介词as的宾语。
「词无函^ p*oll [pool] n.民意调查;投票数 r*ate [reit] vt.把……认定为;看好几速度;比率
a*longside [引叫，said] prep.与......起;在... 旁边 l*imited [ 4imitid] a.有限的;有限责任的
•…第二段•…
❶ A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “ the beauty of natural
places for everyone forever. ” 一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚•希尔创立了国民信托组织，旨在“为每个人永久保留自然
风景的美”，而不是挽救时尚居所。
一级修饰 A century ago
, [名词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 Octavia Hill launched the^ationaljjrust （主+谓+宾）
[动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
not to rescue stylish houses
一级修饰 | not...but连接并列的动词不定式短语
but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever."
；：而无淫释；l*aunch [lomtf] vt.发起，开始从事;上市;发射 rescue^ [ Teskju：] vt./n.营救;援救;抢救
stylish [，staihj] a.时尚的;高雅的 s*ave [seiv] vt.保留；挽救v.储蓄
❷ It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience " a refreshing air."
它专门为城镇居民提供休闲场所，让他们能够感受到“新鲜空气”。
句子主干 It was specifically to provide city dwellers （主+系+表）
___________ I介词短语作状语
—级修饰 | with spaces for leisure
J where引导的定语从句，修饰spaces
二级修饰 where they could experience "a refreshing air."
词汇注释 specifically [spa-sifikli]淑.专门地；明确地 dweller [.dweb（r）] n.居民;居住者;栖身者
l*eisure [ desaW ] n.休闲，闲暇;从容 refreshing [n-frefig] a.新鲜的;提神的
❸ Hilfs pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.随后，希尔的施压促成了国家公园和绿化
带的建设。 “
句子主干 Hill's pressure later led to the areation （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰the creation
—级修饰 of national parks and green belts.
84「诃无连初:pressure*[ ，prej0（r） ] n,压力;压强；呼吁 green belt （城市周围的）绿化带
❹ They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.而现在，公园和绿化带不再是
乡村的一部分，每年混凝土筑成的建筑物吞噬着越来越多的乡村地区。
（1） They don't make countryside any more,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 |and连接的并列句 „
（2） and every year concrete consumes morerfjt.（主+谓+宾）
；词汇洼群：concrete*[-kDgkri：t] n.混凝土 a.确实的 c*onsume [kgn sjuzm] vt.吞噬;消耗;吃;喝
❺It needs constant guardianship.乡村需要持续不断的保护
句子主干 It needs constant guardianship.（主+谓+宾）
, --—-—————— ——*— — —--
:词汇注释 '、、c*onstant [ konstsnt] g.持续不断的;不变的 guardianship [ gazdianjip] n.保护;监护
••••第三段・•••
❶ At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.在下一届选举中，各大党派似乎都
不可能赞同此种观点。
-级修饰 At the next election
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.（主+谓+宾）
:词汇注释:endorse^ [m-do:s] vt.赞同;宣传;背书 s*entiment [ ^entimsnt]几观点;伤感;情绪
❷ The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising
"off.plan” building where local people might object.保守党的规划改革明确将优先权给予了乡村开发而非保护，
甚至批准在当地居民可能会反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。
__________ [介词短语作后置定语，修饰priority
句子主干 The...reform explicitly gives rur^leyelopment pvionty （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
[现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
—级修饰 even authorising "off-pl曲"building
J where引导的地点状语从句
二级修饰 where local people might object.
:词汇注释，planning [-plaemg] n.规划;城镇规划 explicitly [*sipklisitli] ad.明确地;坦率地
p*riority [ praiproti]几.优先；优先事项 c*onservation [ .konsa veijn]几.保护；保持
authorise [ 0：egraiz] vt.批准;授权;认可 o*bject [ ab'dsekt] vi.反对 vt.抗辩说
❸ The concept of sustainable development has been defined i profitable.可持续发展的理念已经被界定为有利可图的
发展。
_级修饰' W sustainable development
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰The concept
句子主干 The concept.・・ has been defined （主+谓）
|介词短语作The concept的补足语
_级修饰 as profitable.
:海元莲裕：sustainable [sa stemsbl] a.可持续的 p*rofitable [ profitsbl] a.有利可图的;有益的
85❹ Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.工党也想在当地议会反对
开发的地方终止地方规划。
句子主干 Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning （主+谓+宾）
| where引导的地点状语从句
一级修饰 where councils oppose development.
；诃汇注释:l*ikewise [ -laikwaiz]庭.也;同样地 discontinue [ idiskan-tinjui]仇.终止;中断
council * [ ,kaunsl ] n.地方议会;委员会 oppose * [ 丁pauz ] vt,反对；阻挠;与....对抗
❺The Liberal Democrats are silent,自由民主党则保持沉默c
句子主干 The Liberal Democrats are silent.（主+系+表）
❻ Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading fbr a more considered approach to using green land.
只有独立党意识到这是一个机会，并与那些恳求在使用绿地上有更周全方法的人统一战线。
_级修饰 sensing its chance,
I现在分词短语作句子主干的原因状语
句子主干 Only Ukip,…has sided with those （主+谓+宾）
现在分词短语作后置定语,[修饰those
—级修饰 pleading for a more considered approach
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰a more considered approach
二级修饰 to using green land.
「诃5C莲篇 side with站在……的一边；支持 plead for恳求;支持；为……辩护
considered [ksn-sidad] a.经过深思熟虑的 a*pproach [ a-prautf ] n.方法;接近;路径 v.接近
❼ Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.该党所发起的保护英格
兰乡村运动使许多地方保守党胆战心惊。
一级修饰 into many local Conservative parties.
[介词短语作状语
句子主干 1佃Campaign...struck terror （主+谓+宾）
[动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰Its Campaign
—级修饰 to Protect Rural England
:词汇注释]c*ampaign [kaem-pein] n.运动;战役 strike terror into sb.使某人胆战心惊
・・・・・第四段•・•・*
❶ The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where
infrastructure is in place.人群集中的地方,也就是基础设施完备的城市和城镇，通常适合建造新的房屋、工厂
和办公室。
一级修饰 to build new houses, factories and offices
|动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰The sensible place
The sensible place...is...（主+系+表从）
句子主干
一级修饰
二级修饰
| where引导的表语从句
where people are,
[解释说明 -
in cities and towns
| where引导的定语从句，修饰cities and towns
where infrastructure is in place.
86词汇注释'、、s*ensible [ sensgbl] a.合理的;理智的 i*nfrastructure [ •infrsstrAktJafr） ] n.基础设施
❷ The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone,
with no intrusion on green belt.最近，伦敦地产代理机构Stirling Ackroyd仅在伦敦一地就确定了足以建造50万
套房屋的建筑用地，且并未占用任何绿化带。
句子主干 The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough^to （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,
for half a million houses
介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
一级修饰 in the London area alone,
with独立主格结构作句子主干的伴随状语
with no intrusion on green belt.
词汇注释 i*dentify [ai dentifai]凯.确定;发现 intrusion [*tmru ：3n] n.侵入（文中引申为"占用”）
❸What is true of London is even tmer of the provinces.伦敦尚且如此，其他省份就更是如此了。
What is true of London
I
句子主干 I What引导的主语从句
...is even truer of the provinces.（主从+系+表）
…•第五段•…
❶ The idea that ** housing crisis** equals M concreted meadowsn is pure lobby talk,那种将“住房危机"等同于"混凝土
草地”的观点纯粹是游说之词。
句子主干 The idea...is pure lobby talk.（主+系+表）
[that弓I导的同位语从句，解释说明TTieidea
—级修饰 that "housing crisis'' equals "concreted meadows"
:通汇注努:m* eadow [ medsu]几.草地;牧场 l*obby [ *lDbi]几.游说团体;门厅u游说
❷ The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.更大的房屋需求量并不是问题所在，和
往常一样,在哪里建造房屋才是关键。
The issue is not the need for more houses （主+系+表）
句子主干 |not...but连接的并列表语
but, as always, where to put them.
❸ Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 迫于游说团
体的压力，乔治-奥斯本支持在乡村新建房屋，而非在城市翻新和重建。
_级修饰 Under lobby pressure,
I介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 George Osborne favours rural new-build （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
一级修饰 against urban renovation and renewal.
:词汇您薜 favour [ -feivafr） ] vt.支持;较喜欢;有助于 u*rban [ -3iban] a.城市的;城镇的
renovation [ tren3 veijn] n.翻新;修复 renewal [n njuxal] n.重建;恢复;续订
87❹ He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.他支持郊外购物场所而不是商业街 o
句子主干 He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.（主+谓+宾）
"词汇汪释：high street （尤指商业区的）大街
❺This is not a free market but a biased one.这不是一个自由的市场，而是一个存在偏好的市场。
句子主干 This is not aJr^mar^£ bu£aj^as^ or^.（主+系+表）
:词汇注释 free market自由市场 biased ['baisst] a.有偏见的;偏袒一方的
❻Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.乡镇和村庄已经发展起来,并将继续发展下去。
句子主干 Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.（主+谓）
❼ They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.在城市建筑物不超越村镇边界且尊
重村镇特点的地方，它们发展得最好。
|
旬子主干 They do so best （主+谓）
where弓I导的地点状语从句，作句子主干的地点状语
一级修饰 where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.
:词汇注释 stick to紧跟;坚持;粘住;保存 e*[eddge 3] n.边界;刀刃;优势锐;利
We do not ruin urban conservation areas.我们没有破坏城市的保护区o
句子主干 We do not ruin urban conservation areas.（主+谓+宾）
Why ruin rural ones?为什么要去破坏乡村的保护区呢？
句子主干 Why （do we） ruin rural ones?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
•…第六段•…
❶Development should be planned, not let rip.开发应进行规划，而不是任意开发。
句子主干 Development should be planned, （should） not let rip.（主+谓）
"要点aw ； 本句的结构较为特殊，并列的谓语之间没有连接词。
:词汇注释 let rip自由自在地行动;全速前进
After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country.英国的人口密集程度在欧洲仅次于荷兰。
一级修饰 After the Netherlands,
［介词短语作状语
句子主干 Britain is 挡哩££^。叫 竺V丑•（主+系 +表）
❸ Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting
low-density urban living.半个世纪的城乡规划已经使英国在保持乡村协调性上取得了令人羡慕的成效,同时还
使低密度城市居住成为可能。
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it （主+谓+宾+宾补）
句子主干 动词不定我短语作it的补足语1
to retain an enviable rural coherence,
“while+现在分词短语”结构作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 while still permitting low-density urban living.
88:祀汇注群:r*etain [ri tein] vt.保持;保留;持有 enviable [ xnviabl] a.令人羡慕的;引起忌妒的
coherence [kou hiarsns] n.协调性;凝聚力 d*ensity [-densati] n.密度;浓度;密集
❹ There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.毫无疑问，也
有另一种情况一葡萄牙南部，西班牙或爱尔兰的风景已经遭到破坏。
句子主干 There is no doubt （There be知型：There + is +主）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰doubt
—级修饰 of the alternative
| 解释说明 the alternative
二级修饰 —he corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.
:词汇注释：a*lternative [o：bt3：nativ] 可供选择的事物 c*orrupt [kaTApt] 破坏；（使）腐败
❺ Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.为了避免而不是助长
这种情况，就应该将政治派系中的左派与右派联合起来。
句子主干 Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite theleftandright （主+谓+宾）
___________ 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the left and right]
—奴修饰 of the political spectrum.
:词汇注释 u*nite [ju nait] v.（使）联合;（使）统一 spectrum^ [ spektram] n.范围;光谱;系列
Text 3
•…第一段•…
❶ M There is one and only one social responsibility of business,M wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,
“That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. “ “企业有且只有一种社会责任,"
诺贝尔奖获得者，经济学家米尔顿-弗里德曼曾写道，“那就是,运用自身资源并从事旨在增加其利润的活动。”
一级修饰 wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,
___________ [插入语
（l/There is one and only one social responsibility of business," （There be^l型:There+is+±）
句子主干 |并列句
Q
（2）€That is, £史枣重整 ■巫萸 丝（主+系+表）
过去分词短语作后置定语,[修饰activities
—级修饰 designed to increase its profits."
i商汇生释 engage in从事;参加 profit * [ -profit] n■利润;收益亦.获益
❷ But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility （ CSR） policies as a waste of
shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.但是,即使你接受弗里德曼的前提，认为企业社会责
任（CSR）政策是在浪费股东的钱，事情也可能并不是绝对明确的。
句子主干 But...things may not be absolutely clear-cut.（主+系+表）
89[词汇注释：p*remise [ •premis]几前提;假定 corporate [ 'koiparat] a.企业的;法人的
shareholder [ -JeahaoldaCr） ] n.股东，股票持有人 clear-cut [ .klis Mt] a.明确的;易辨认的
❸ New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for
corruption.新的研究表明,CSR可能会为公司创造货币价值一至少在公司因行贿而被起诉时会是如此。
New research suggests （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作suggests的宾语
that CSR may create monetary value for companies
__________ [补充说明
—级修饰 ~ at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
国汇注释.research * [ n*S3 ：tf] n. /v.研究；调查 monetary * [ 'inAnitri ] a.货币的，钱的
prosecute ☆ [ •prosikjuzt] v.起诉；担任控方律师 corruption [ kaTApJn] n.贿赂；贪污；变体
•…第二段•…
O The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate
by EPG, a consulting firm,根据咨询公司EPG的评估，美国和英国最大的公司每年在CSR上的支出总计超过
150亿美元。
二级修希
in America and Britain
介词短语作后置定语，修饰The largest firms
句子主干 The largest firms...together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,（主+谓+宾）
插入语，补充说明句子主干
according to an estimate by EPG,
EPG的同位语]
二级修饰 a consulting firm.
诃汇注幕； e*stimate [ -estimat] n.评估[*estimeit] vt.估计 consulting [kan-SAltiij] a.咨询的 n.咨询服务
❷ This could add value to their businesses in three ways.这能从三个方面增加公司的价值。
句子主干 This could add value （主+谓+宾）
? f介词短语作句子主干的状语，表对象
I to their businesses
一级修饰 I介词短语作句子主干的状语，表方面
in three ways.
❸ First, consumers may take CSR spending as a MsignalM that a company's products are of high quality.首先，消费者可
能会将CSR支出视为公司产品质量高的“信号”。
句子主干 First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal"（主+谓+宾+宾补）
......... ‘ J—“1-----------
___________ [that弓|导的同位语从句，解释说明a “signal”
—级修饰 “ that a company's products are of high quality.
❹ Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.
其次，消费者可能愿意购买某个公司的产品，以一种间接的方式来捐助该公司所资助的公益事业。
90句子主干 Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products (主+谓+宾)
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
as an indirect way
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰an indirect way
二级修饰 to donate to the good causes
省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句,[修饰the good causes
三级修饰 it helps.
:瑚[汇洼座」donate☆ [ dau neit ]加.捐赠；献(血) c*ause [ ko：z] n.事业;原因仇.使发生;造成
❺ And third, through a more diffuse " halo effect,M whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers
and others.最后，通过一种更具扩散性的“光环效应”，公司的善行会赢得消费者和其他群体更多的关注。
【说明】本句是省略句。结合上下文可将该句补充完整为And third, ( this could add value to their businesses)
through a more diffuse u halo effect,w whereby... others o
句子主干 And third, (this could add value to their businesses)(主+谓+宾)
I介词短语作句子主干的方式状语
一级修饰 through a more diffuse "halo effect,w
whereby引导的定语从句,[修饰a more diffuse "halo e**ffect
二级修饰 whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration
介词短语作后置定语J修饰greater consideration
三级修饰 from consumers and others.
'、、要点注释 本句中的third,❸句的First和❹句的Second在逻辑上构成并列关系，❸❹❺句的内容共同解释
说明❷句中的three ways o
:词汇注释； diffuse*[drfjuis] a.扩散的;啰唆的;难解的 halo effect光环效应;连锁反应
whereby [wea bai] ad.由于;凭借;借以 deed^[di：d]儿行为;契约;证书
•…第三段•…
❶ Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.
先前有关CSR的研究都很难区分这些影响，因为消费者可能会受到以上三个方面的综合影响。
句子主干
一级修饰
i
词汇注释： have trouble (in) doing sth.做... 有困难 d*ifferentiate [idifa-renjieit] v.区分;区别
❷ A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices
Act (FCPA).最近的一项研究试图通过分析美国《反海外腐败法XFCPA)下的行贿诉讼来区分它们。
91:词汇注释[s*eparate [ -separeit] vt.区分 v.（使）分开 vi.分居 bribery [ 'braibari] n.行贿;受贿
❸ Il argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be
influenced only by the halo effect.该研究认为，由于检察官们不会把消费某个公司的产品作为其调查的一部分,
因此他们可能只会受到光环效应的影响。
句子主干 It argues that...they could be influenced only by the halo effect.（主+谓+宾从）
Isince弓I导的原因状语从句，作宾语从句的原因状语
―级修饰 since prosecutors do not consume a company's products
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 as part of their investigations,
:prosecutor [ -prosikju：t3（r） ] n.检察官;原告律师 investigation [in,vestrgeijn] n.调查
•…第四段…
❶ The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get
more lenient penalties.研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些有着最全面CSR方案的公司往往会得到更宽松
的处罚。
The study found （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干
一级修饰
词汇注释 c*omprehensive [ .kompn-hensiv] a.全面的 p*rogramme [ -prsugraem] n.方案；活动安排
lenient [ *li：nidnt ] a.宽大的，宽容的 p*enalty [ penglti] n.处罚；不利;点球
❷ Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that
accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines. 他彳I]
的分析排除了如下可能性:公司得到宽大处理是因为其政治影响力，而非CSR立场。为政治运动做出了更多贡
献的公司受到的罚款并没有更低。
句子主干 Their analysis ruled out the possibility （主+谓+宾）
that引导的同位语从句,j解释说明the possibility
that...firms9 political..jstand,...accounted for the leniency:
[itwas...that为强调句型，强调主语firms'..
一级修饰 it was...that
补充说明句子主干
Companies...did not receive lower fines.
[that引导的定语从句，修饰Companies
二级修饰 that contributed more to political campaigns
:词汇注释 rule out把 ...排除在外;阻止 s*tand [staend] n.立场;货摊v.站立
account for解释;说明;对....负有责任 f*ine [fam] n.罚款vt.处....以罚款o.美好的
92…第五段•…
O In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to
be influenced by a company's record in CSR.总之,该研究得出的结论是，尽管检察官应仅根据案情本身来评估案
件，但他们似乎确实也会受到公司CSR记录的影响。
In all, the study concludes （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作concludes的宾语
that...they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR.
|whereas引导的让步状语从句，作宾语从句的让步状语
一级修饰 whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,
■商汇函降:w*hereas [ ,we9r aez] conj,尽管;然而,但是;鉴于 on its merits按照事情的是非曲直
❷"We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing
corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing
foreign officials,M says one researcher. 一名研究人员称，“我们估计，不管是消除诸如童工这样的实质性劳工权益
问题，还是将企业捐赠增加约20%,通常都能使罚款金额比贿赂外国官员的典型处罚金额低40%”。
二级修饰
一级修饰
Z 度f卢:寸办商
句子主干
says one researcher.（倒装句：宾+谓+主）
:涅汇连群」e*liminate [phmineit]仇.消除;淘汰 s*ubstantial [sdb staenjl] a.实质性的;大量的
c*oncern [kan-S3：n] n.担忧；关心讥 涉及 corporate giving 企业捐赠
t*ypical [ tipikl] a.典型的;平常的 b*ribe [braib] v. /n.贿赂 vt.诱哄
….第六段.…
❶ Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. 研究人
员承认，他们的研究未能解答企业应在CSR上支出多少的问题。
Researchers admit （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that弓|导的宾语从句，作admit的宾语
that their study does not answer the question
of引出the question的同位语从句|
一级修饰 of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.
93:要成连费」介词of可以引出同位语,此时的of本身没有意义。
❷ Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when
they decide their do-gooding policies.同时，也没有揭示公司在制定慈善政策时应寄多少希望于光环效应，而不是
其他可能的好处。
Nor 些 it reveal （倒装句：助动词+主+谓语动词+宾从）
:how引导的宾语从句，作does...reveal的宾语
句子主干 how much companies are banking on the halo effect,
rather than连接的并列成分,|肯定前者，否定后者
rather than the other possible benefits,
when引导的时间状语从句，作宾语从句的时间状语
—级修饰 when they decide their do-gooding policies.
:萋点汪释上本句在内容上承接❶句，阐述研究并未解决的问题;本句中的Nor与❶句中的does not相呼应。
:顷I汇汪将：bank on指望;依赖 e*ffect [i-fekt]巾效应;影响;效果
❸ But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can
win them a less costly punishment.但至少他们证明了在公司陷入法律纠纷时，品质良好的证据会为其赢得代价
较低的惩罚。
But at least they have demonstrated （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，:作have demonstrated的宾语
that...evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
[when引导的时间状语从句，作宾语从句的时间状语
—级修饰 when companies get into trouble with the law,
:词汇注释：d*emonstrate [ •demanstreit] vt.证明;表露 vi.示威 c*ostly [ ,kostli] a.代价大的；昂贵的
Text 4
・...第一段....
❶ There will eventually come a day when The New York Tinies ceases to publish stories on newsprint.终有一天，《纽约
时报》会停止发行纸质版报纸。 ’
句子主干 There will eventually come a day （There be句型：There + will...come +主）
when引导的定语从句修饰a day
_级修饰 when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.
:词汇注释:e*ventually [rventjuali] 最终;终于 c*ease [si:s] n 停止，终止
s*tory [ *st3：ri] n.新闻报道;描述;故事 newsprint [ »nju：zpnnt] n.新闻纸；白报纸
❷ Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.至于确切是哪一天,则仍存在争议o
Exactly when that day will be
句子主干 [when引导的主语从句 “
...is a matter of debate.（主从+系+表）
❸ MSometime in the future,M the paper's publisher said back in 2010.早在 2010 年,该报纸的出版商就说"在未来的
某个时候”。
94'Sometime in the f*uture/
句子主干 [直接引语作said的宾语
the paper's publisher said back in 2010.（宾+主+谓）
:要点注释:本句中的直接引语是省略句，补充完整为That day will be sometime in the futureo
. ...第二段••••
❶ Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print,撇开对报纸油墨味
和沙沙翻页声的怀旧之情，人们有足够多的理由摒弃纸质版报纸。
二级修饰 fbr ink on paper and the rustle of pages
l介词短语作后置定语，修饰Nostalgia
—级修饰 Nostalgia.. .aside,
[独立主格结构作句子主干的状语
句子主干 there's plenty of incentive （There be句型：there + is+ 主）
|动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰plenty of incentive
一级修饰 to ditch print.
:迥汇活森:nostalgia [no^taeldsa]几怀旧;念旧 rustle [ tasI]儿沙沙声;轻轻的摩擦声
incentive * [ m*sentiv] n.动机;刺激 d*itch [ditj] vt.抛弃;丢弃 v.迫降几•沟；渠
❷ The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn,t just expensive； it's
excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.制造实物报纸所需
的基础设备一印刷机和送货车——不仅仅贵；而且在一个只做在线报纸的竞争者不受同一类型资金限制的
年代，这些设备更贵得离谱。
— rinting presses, delivery trucks—
一级修饰 解释说明The infrastructure
required to make a physical newspaper
[过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰The infrastructure
（1） The infrastructure...isn't just expensive;（主+系+表）
句子主干 I并列句
（2） it's excessive （主+系+表）
[介词短语作（2）句的时间状语
■-级而"
ata time
二级修饰
| when引导的定语从句，修饰a time
when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.
:其匡注释:r*equire [n-kwai3（r）] vt.需要v.要求;规定 p*ress [pres] n.印刷机;出版社v.压
d*elivery [di-livari] n.递送;分娩;投球 e*xcessive [ ik-sesiv] a.过度的;过分的
competitor [ kom，petiU（r） ] n.竞争者；参赛者 constraint [ kan^streint ] n.限制;行为约束
❸Readers are migrating away from print anyway.总之，读者正在逐渐远离纸质版报纸。
句子主干 Readers are migrating away from print anyway.（主+谓）
:通汇遂释]的砰饨* [mapgreit]航.迁移;转移;迁徙 a*nyway [ eniwei] ad.总之;无论如何;至少
95❹ And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.虽然
纸质广告的销售额仍然远高于在线广告和移动广告，但纸质版报纸的收入却仍然在下降。
—级修饰 though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,
I though引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 And…revenue from print is still declining.（主+谓）
:词汇注释:d*warf [dwo：f] vt.高出几.矮子a.矮小的 c*ounterpart [ kauntapazt] n.对应的事物
revenue * [ Tevanju： ] n.收入;税收收入 decline * [drklain] vi. /n.下降;减少；衰落
• •••第三段
O Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says
BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti. BuzzFeed的首席执行官乔纳•佩雷蒂称，尽管日常开支可能很高而发行量较低，但
仓促取消纸质印刷版将会是一个错误。
and circulation （may be） lower,
| and连接的并列句
句子主干 （1）0verhead may be high （主+系+表）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
（2）but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,（主+系+表）
_______________ I插入语
—级修饰 says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
:词汇注释:overhead * [-ouvahed] n.开支 a.经费的 circulation [ |S3：kj9,leifn] n.发行量；流通
•…第四段…
❶ Peretti says the Tinies shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right
way.佩雷蒂表示,《纽约时报》不应在取消纸质版业务上浪费时间，除非他们采取了正确的方法。
Peretti says （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作says的宾语
the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business,
I补充说明宾语从句
—级修饰 but only if they go about doing it the right way.
迦汇洼» ： get out of摆脱（文中引申为“取消”）；逃避 go about doing sth.着手做某事
❷ “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,M he said, “but if you discontinue it,
you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you. ” “对他们而言，找出一种能够加速转型的方法
才是明智之举，”他说，“然而,如果终止纸质版业务，最忠实的客户也会对你大失所望。”
96一级修饰 to accelerate that transition
［动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a way
（l）“Figuring out a way...would make sense for them," he said,（主+谓）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 ⑵“but...you're going to hav§yourm^H^alaistMneire （主+谓+宾+宾补）
形容词短语作your most loyal customers的补足语［
really upset with you."
if引导的条件状语从句，作（2 ）句的条件状语
—级修饰 if you discontinue it,
妻点注释］本句中,he said作插入语，将两个并列的直接引语割裂开。实际上,but连接的两个并列句均为
said的宾语。
迥汇注雇j figure out想出;弄明白;计算 accelerate * ［ aksehreit ］ v.加速，加快
transition ［traen^ijn］ n.转型;过渡;变迁 make sense是明智的;有意义;讲得通
…第五段•…
❶Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway.不管怎样，有时候值得做出改变。
句子主干 Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway.（主+系+表）
I !■■■■—------ ---------------—-----------------------------------------------—
:要甬生释］形容词worth在此句中的用法同介词，后接名词、代词、数字或动词的-ing形式，如worth $ 10（价值
10美元）或worth considering（值得考虑）。
❷ Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.佩雷蒂举了
Netflix公司终止其DVD邮寄服务以专注于流媒体的例子。
句子主干 Peretti gives the example （主+谓+宾）
■.、■=--=：■=.=__== ----- ------- -
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰the example
—级修饰 of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service
］动词不定式短语作目的状语
二级修饰 to focus on streaming.
❸“It was seen as a blunder,M he said.''人们曾认为这一举措大错特错，”他说。
句子主干 燮 was seen as a blunder,M he said.（宾+主+ 谓）
\要应注释直接引语It was seen as a blunder中,as a blunder作主语It的补足语。
国丢连释j blunder^［.blAnd9（r）］几愚蠢或粗心的错误航.犯（愚蠢的、粗心的）错误
❹The move turned out to be foresighted.但最后被证明很有先见之明。
句子主干 The move turned out to be foresighted.（主+系+表）
U ■ ' » ' MB—■BC—.......... .........
顶无注释〕turn out证明是;结果是;出席;关掉 foresighted ［ fo：saitid］ a.有远见的;深谋远虑的
❺And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?那么，如果佩雷蒂是《纽约时报》的负责人呢？
—级修饰 if Peretti were in charge at the Times
［昭I导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 And...（what would he do?）（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主+谓语动词）
97；要点注释 '、、本句省略了主句，补充完整为 And if Peretti were in charge at the Times, what would he do?主句中,
特殊疑问词what作谓语would do的宾语。
:坷汇注释；in charge负责；由……照顾;在……管辖之下
❻"I wouldn't pick a year to end print,M he said.“我不会选择某一年取消纸质版报纸，'他说道o
句子主干 T wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said.(宾+主+谓)
❼“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."“我会提高价格，并使之更多地成为一种遗产型
产品。”
“I would raise prices (主+谓+宾)
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and (would) make it into more of a legacy product?,
:要点注释:and (would) make it... product 中，介词短语 into more of a legacy product 作宾语 it 的补足语。
顶汇注释；r*aise [reiz]仇.提高;举起;筹募;养育 l*egacy [ degssi]几.遗产;遗留
…•第六段•…
❶ The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping
sustain the quality of something they believe in.他的理念是:最忠实的顾客仍然会购买他们喜欢的产品，他们会
觉得自己像是在帮助维护自己所信赖的某个产品的质量.
—级修饰 they favor,
省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句,[修饰the product
（l）The most loyal customers would still get fee jproduct.. .the idea goes,（主+谓+宾）
| and连接的并列句
句子主干 （2）and they'd feel...（主+系+表从）
I表语从句
like they were helping sustain the quality of something
省略关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰something]
_级修饰 they believe in.
:要焉主释」本句中,the idea goes作插入语，将两个并列句割裂开来。实际上,and连接的并列句均为goes的
宾语，因此本句可还原为The idea goes that the most loyal...believe ino这里的the idea指的是五段
❼句的内容。like they were...something相当于as if引导的表语从句，该从句的主语为they,谓语为
were helping,宾语为（to）sustain the quality of somethingo
:商汇注释：l*oyal [ bial] a.忠实的;忠诚的 f*avor [ feiv3] vt.喜欢;支持;偏爱
s*ustain [s*staem] vt.维持;使保持;遭受 believe in信任;认为某事好;相信....的存在
❷"So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,M Peretti said.“所以，如果你为纸质版多付了
钱,你也会觉得自己是在贡献一份力量，”佩雷蒂说道。
：'亚二X竺-竺四_一些U' Peretti said.（宾+主+谓）
句子主干 ■ [表语从句 “
like you were helping
if^l导的条件状语从句
一级修饰 技 you're overpaying for print,
98:要点注释'、'like you were helping相当于as if引导的表语从句。
❸ MThen increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.""然后每年把价格抬
高一点儿，实质上意在创造额外收益。”
（1/Then increase it at a higher rate each year （祈使句：谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2）and essentially try to generate additional revenue."（祈使句：谓+宾）
:词汇注释；essentially [ rsenjali] ad.本质上；基本上 generate * [ -dsenareit ] vt.产生;引起
❹ In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.换句
话说,如果你打算制造纸质版产品，就专为那些已经为之痴迷的人而做。
一级修饰 讶 you're going to make a print product,
i间导的条件状语从句,]作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 In other words,...make it （祈使句：谓+宾）
介词短语作状语，[表对象
_级修饰 for the people
[who引导的定语从句，修饰the people
二级修饰 who are already obsessed with it.
:词汇注释:in other words换句话说，也就是说,换言之 be obsessed with痴迷于;迷恋
❺ Which may be what the Times is doing already.也许,《纽约时报》已经在这么做了。
Which may be...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 [what引导的表语从句
what the Times is doing already.
❻ Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only
subscription.如果每周七天都订阅纸质版报纸的话,顾客每年需要花费近500美元——这笔费用是只订阅电子
版的两倍多。
_级修饰 seven days a week
l名词短语作时间状语
句子主干 Getting the print edition...costs nearly $500 a year （主+谓+宾）
补充说明$5001
—级修饰 一more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
:涅汇洼将」digital * [ 'didsitl] a.数字的；数码的 subscription [ s*sakbripjn] n.订阅费;订阅
.…第七段.…
O "It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business,M Peretti
remarked.“这确实是一件非常困难的事情，而BuzzFeed没有遗产型业务是一种极大的奢侈，”佩雷蒂说道。
99that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business,
[it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
and i*st a tremendous luxury
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
“It's a really hard thing to do
[直接引语作remarked的宾语
Peretti remarked.（宾+主+谓）
词汇注释'、'l*uxury [ 'lAkfari] n.奢侈;不常有的优势 r*emark [n maik] v.说起;谈论n.评述
❷"But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market
changes and the world changes.“但是，当市场和世界形势发生变化，我们所做之事又不明智时，我们也会遇到类
似的问题。
句子主干 “But we're going to have questions like that （主+谓+宾）
where引导的地点状语从句作句子主干的地点状语
where we have things we're doing
一级修饰
when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语'
when the market changes and the world changes.
that引导的定语从句，修饰things
二级修饰 that don't make sense
:要京注释：where引导的地点状语从句中,we，re doing为省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，修饰thingso
❸ In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive. ” 在这种情况下，多--些闯劲儿会比少一■
些更好
In those situations, it's better (主+系+表)
句子主干 [it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
to be more aggressive than less aggressive."
'词汇注释:s*ituation [ ,sitJu eiJn] n.情况;地理位置 a*ggressive [ a gresiv] g.有闯劲的;积极进取的
Part B
…,第一段•…
O No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact.无论工作切、境
多么正式或不正式，你展示自己的方式都会产生影响O
—级修饰 No matter how fbnnal or informal the work environment （is）,
| No matter how弓I导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 the way...has an impact.（主+谓+宾）
[省略（in which ）或关系词（that ）的定语从句，修饰the way
_级修饰 you present yourself
:词汇生释，p*resent [prrzent] vt.展示[-preznt] n.礼物 a.当前的 have an impact （on）（对....）产生影响
❷ This is especially true in first impressions,在第一印象方面尤基如此°
句子主干 This is especially true （主+系+表）
I介词短语作句子主干的状语
一级修饰 in first impressions.
100:词汇注释:i*mpression [ imprefn] n.印象;感想;效果;压痕
❸ According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in
just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.普林斯顿大学的研究表明，人们会在短短的零点一秒
内，仅根据你的外貌，对你的能力、可信赖度和受人喜爱的程度做出评价。
一级修饰 According to research from Princeton University,
[插入语，补充说明句子主干
句子主干 people assess 史gigg切里竺二蛆剪（主+谓+宾）
I介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
in just a tenth of a second,
-级修饰 过去分词短语作句子主干的状语
solely based on the way
省略（in which ）或关系词（that）的定语从句,[修饰the way
三液修饰
you look.
商W注幕:
a*ssess [Q.ses] v.评价;评估，评定 competence [ knmpitsns] n.能力；权限
trustworthiness [ irAStwaidinas ] n.可信赖度 solely [ -saulli] ad.仅仅;完全
• ••第二段•••
O The difference between t*soday workplace and the 44 dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much
broader.当今职场与“穿出成功”时代之间的区别是，人们的选择范围更广泛了。
—级修饰 between today's workplace and the "dress for s**uccess era
]介词短语作后置定语，修饰The difference
The difference…is...(主+系+表从)
句子主干 | that引导的表语从句
that the range of options is so much broader.
❷Norms have evolved and fragmented.标准已逐渐变化并细化。
句子主干 Norms have evolved and fragmented.（主+谓）
九汇注祀 n*[norm 3：m] n.标准;规范;定量;正常行为 e*volve [i-vnlv] v.逐渐演变;进化
f*ragment [frag ment] v. （文中引申为“细化”）；破裂[ fraegmant] n.片段;碎片
❸ In some settingsy red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status； in others not so much,在某些场合，红色运动鞋
或T恤衫能够体现一个人的身份地位;但在另一些场合，情况却并非如此。
(l)ln some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 |并列句
⑵in others (it is) not sojmuch.(主+系 +表)
s*etting [.setirj] n.环境(文中引申为“场合”)；背景 sneaker [.Sni：k3(r)] n.运动鞋
convey * [ kon vei] vt.表达,传递；输送 s*tatus [ -steitas ] n.地位，身份；情况
❹ Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like Linkedln.此外，无论我们展示的是何种
形象,它都会被领英(Linkedln)这样的社交媒体放大。
101whatever image we present
句子主干 whatever引导的主语从句
Plus,...is magnified （主从+谓）
|介词by引出动作的发出者
一级修饰 by social-media services like Linkedln.
\词汇注释； p*[plulAss] conj.此外;而且;况且prep.加；和 magnify * [ maegnifai] vt.放大;夸大;扩大
❺ Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago.如今，你的头像很可能比十年
前或者二十年前更经常被人看见。
Chances are,...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 ]表语从句
your headshots are seen much more often now
一级修饰
| than...作比较状语
than a decade or two ago.
:要点注释: 注意，本句中的Chances are表示一种可能性,其后常接完整的句子，可转化为He chances are that...o
故逗号后的内容相当于一个表语从句。
词汇注释； headshot [ 'hed/ot ] n.头像;面部特写 d*ecade [ dekeid]儿十年，十年期（尤指一个年代）
❻ Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least fonnal generation yet the most conscious of style and
personal branding. 千禧一代似乎面对着这样一个矛盾:作为最不正式的一代,却最关注风格和个人品牌。
一级修饰 it seems,
|插入语
句子主干 Millennials,...face the^aradox （主+谓+宾）
[介词of? I出the paradox的同位语
of being the least formal generation
一级修饰 I yet连接并列的动名词短语
yet （being） the most conscious of style and personal branding.
:词汇注释: millennial [mrlemal] n.千禧一代 a.千年的 p*aradox [ .paeradoks] n.矛盾;悖论
be conscious of注意到;意识到 branding [，braendi时n,品牌;品牌创建
❼It can be confusing.这可能会让人感到困惑。
句子主干 It can be corrfusing.（主+系+表）
…•第三段•…
❶So how do we navigate this?那么，我们该如何应对这一情况呢？
句子主干 So how do we navigate this?（特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
:词汇注释navigate [ naevigeit] v.应付（困难处境）；导航vt.航行
❷How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?我们如何知道何时投资于自我形象的提升呢？
________ “
句子主干 How do we know whenjojnyest （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
I介词短语作状语
—级修饰 ™ an upgrade?
102:诃汇逢群;i*nvest [in vest] v.投资vt.投入（时间）；授予 u*pgrade [ -Apgreid] n.提升;升级
❸And what's the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?能提升自我形象以帮助我们达成目标的最佳方法
又是什么？
句子主干 And what's the best way （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+系+主）
|动词不定其短语作后置定语，修饰the best way
—级修饰 to pull off one
[that引导的定语从句，修饰one
二级修饰 that enhances our goals?
；通汇洼样]pull off成功完成;做成（某件难事）；停靠路边 e*nhance [m-hains] vt.提高;增强;改进
❹Here are some tips:这里提供了一些建议：
句子主干 Here are some tips:（倒装句：表+系+主）
:萋点注雇]句末的冒号用以引出下文提到的tips的具体内容。
....第四段....
❶ As an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions——when looking for a new job,
stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments.作为一名管理人员培训师，我见证过形象
提升在寻找新工作、进入新角色或更加公众的角色、或更换工作环境等过渡期发挥的非常重要的作用。
一级修饰 As an executive coach,
l介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 I've seen jjggggjigggjgg be particularly helpful (主+谓+宾+宾补)
介词短语作状语1
一级修饰 during transitions
［解释说明transitions
—when (one is) looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role,
二级修饰 or连接并列的动名词短语
or changing work environments.
瑚汇莲癖• e*xecutive [ig zekjativ] a.经营管理的;行政的;决策的 step into进入;开始做;轻易获得
❷ If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time.如果你正处于改变的时
期,或只是感到停滞不前、刻板乏味,此刻也许就是一个好时机。
—级修饰 If you're in a period of change or （are） just feeling stuck and in a rut,
[if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 now may be a good time.（主+系+表）
；词汇洼幕:stuck [stAk] a.停滞不前的;受困的 in a rut 一成不变;千篇一律
❸ If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.如果你还不确定，那就
去从值得信赖的朋友、同事和专业人士那里寻求诚实的反馈。
—级修饰 If you're not sure,
[四I导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 ask for honest feedback （祈使句：谓+宾）
I介词短语作状语
一级修饰 from trusted fnends, colleagues and professionals.
103:词汇注释 f*eedback [ -fiidbaek] n.反馈;反应 professional * [pra-fefanl] n.专业人士 a.专业的
❹ Look for cues about how others perceive you.寻找线索，了 解别人对你的看法。
句子主干 Look for gjj[箜（祈使句：谓+宾）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰cues
—级修饰 about how others perceive you.
:要点注释：介词短语about how...you中,how引导的宾语从句，作about的宾语。
:词汇注释:c*ue [kju：] n.线索;暗示vt.给（某人）暗示 p*erceive [pa-si：v] vt.看待;注意到;意识到
❺Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.也许你无须提升形象，那也没关系。
—级修饰 for an upgrade
介词短语作后置定语,]修饰need
（1） Maybe there's no need （There be句型：there + is +主）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and that's OK.（主+系+表）
••••第五段••…
❶Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have.明确你希望达到什么样的效果。
句子主干 Get dear on what impact you're hoping to have.（祈使句：系+表）
；要点注释 介词短语。n...作状语，其中what引导的宾语从句,作介词on的宾语。
❷Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?你是希望重塑新形象，还是适当改善旧形象？
句子主干 Are you looking炬丝丝只黑史j竺夔竺四史史？（选择疑问句：助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
「商汇注释：refresh" [rrfrej] vt.使变新;使恢复精力 pi心（使）在枢轴上旋转（文中引申为“改善”）
❸ For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. 对一个人而言，其目
标可能是更受重视,并提升个人职业形象。
_级修饰 For one person,
介词短语作句子主干的状语，[表对象
the goal may be to be taken more seriously （主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列表语
and （to） enhance their professional image.
❹ For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modem and stylish. 而对另一个人而言，目标
也许是被认为更具亲切感，或者更现代、更时尚。
—级修饰 For another,
介词短语作句子主干的状语,[表对象 “
it may be to be perceived as more approachable,（主+系+表）
-一― 一, ——_————_———_—————•————-——
句子主干 | or连接的并列成分
or more modem and stylish.
104:要点注释；本句承接上句，举例说明提升形象的另一可能目标。本句中的it指代上句中的the goal；动词不定
式的被动形式to be perceived的逻辑主语为another（ person）。
；坷汇汪释：approachable [s prautjobl] a.和蔼可亲的;能达到的
❺ For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo. " （It's OK to use characteriza-
tioiis like that.）对于一些从金融业转向广告业的人来说，可能他们想看起来更“先锋”。（使用这样的特征描述
是可以的。）
—级修饰 For someone moving from finance to advertising,
l介词短语作句子主干的状语，表对象
句子主干 maybe they want四也亟一理竺旦Q：（主+谓+宾）
|补充说明，*SoHo”
一级修饰 （It's OK to use characterizations like that.）
:要点注释:介词短语For someone...advertising中，现在分词短语moving from finance to advertising作后置定语,
修饰someone;Ifs OK...that中,It为形式主语，动词不定式短语to use...that作真正的主语。
:词汇注释 f*inance [，famaens] n.金融 vt.提供资金 characterization [ ikaersktararzeijn] n.描述
••••第六段••••
❶Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.要像人类学家一样去审视你的工作环境。
句子主干 Look at yo^worl^e^ironi^nt like an anthropologist.（祈使句：谓+宾）
词汇注释 look at察看,检查；看待,考虑 anthropologist [ ^nOra pobdsist ] n.人类学家
❷What are the norms of your environment?你所处环境的规则是什么？
句子主干 What are the norms of your environment?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+系+主）
❸What conveys status?什么能够彰显出你的身份地位？
句子主干 What conveys status?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+谓+宾）
O Who are your most important audiences?谁是你最重要的观众？
句子主干 Who are your most important audiences?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+系+主）
❺ How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?你尊敬和钦佩的人是如何展现自己的？
句子主干 How do the pec^le...present themselves?（箱嘛疑问句：疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
[省略关系词（whom/who/that ）的定语从句，修饰the people
—级修饰 you respect and look up to
:诃无注释：lookupto钦佩;仰慕;尊敬
❻ The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.你越了解自己所处的
文化环境,就越能掌控自己的影响力。
—级修饰 The better you understand the cultural context,
___________ [比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
句 子主干 the巴竺三呼现 you can have over your impact.（宾+主+谓）
JWia释；本句使用了“the +比较级……,the +比较级……”结构，表示一方的程度随另一方的变化而变化。
105•…第七段•…
❶ Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.寻求专业人士的支持，并与他们分享
你的目标和所处的环境。
（1） Enlist [坦巫匹pggfjg甄望业（祈使句：谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and share with them your goals and context.（祈使句：谓+宾）
顶汇注释」enlist [in list] vt.争取（支持、帮助或参与）v.入伍s*hare [Jea（r） ] v.分享;合用;分担n. 一份
❷ Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew.聘请一位私人造型师，或使用像 J. Crew
这类店里的免费形象设计服务。
（1） Hire （祈使句：谓+宾）
句子主干 | C健接的并列句
（2） or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew.（祈使句：谓+宾）
:i h*[-ihraei9 （r）]仇聘用vt.租用;临时雇用 stylist [.stailist] n,造型设计师;发型师
© Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.尝试让发型设计师代替理发师。
Try a hair stylist （祈使句：谓+宾）
‘i ‘ ——■—
句子主干 | instead of连接的并列宾语，肯定前者，否定后者
instead of a barber. ,
❹ Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.请一位专业的摄影师，而非你的配偶或朋友
为你拍照。
Work with a pro^goi^|Aotographer （祈使句:谓+宾）
句子主干 [instead of连接的并列宾语，肯定前者，否定后者
instead of your spouse or friend.
❺Ifs not as expensive as you might think.这些并没有你想象的那么昂贵。
句子主干 It's not as expensive （主+系+表）
[as引导的比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
—级修饰 as you might think.
罢点注样 本句中，第一个as是副词，作状语，修饰expensive；第二个as为连词，引导比较状语从句。
…•第八段•…
❶ The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.形象提升的
重点不是变得更加虚荣或花大量的时间去考虑穿什么。
___ , _ - e
The point of a style upgrade isn t to ^become more vain (主+系+表)
句子主干 | or连接并列的动词不定式短语作表语
or to spend more time
I介词盛语作状语
—级修饰 (in) fussing over what to wear.
106:词汇注释:v*[vaeinin] a.虚荣的；自负的;徒劳的 fuss ovei•过于关注;过分关心
❷ Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.相反，要将它当成一个减少决策疲劳的机会。
句子主干 Instead, use it as an opportunity （祈使句：谓+宾+宾补）
[动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰an opportunity
一级修饰 to reduce decision fatigue.
:迥汇连释]r*educe [n-dju:s] vt.减少vi.节食v.（使）蒸发fatigue1^[fa ti:g] n.疲劳,劳累;厌倦
❸Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.挑选一件标准的工作服或一些其他可选择的衣服。
句子主干 Pick气史Q史up迦孩（祈使句：谓+宾）
❹ Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.在设计师的陪同
下一次性购齐所有衣服，而不是一个人独自去购物，一次只购买一件。
句子主干 Buy all your clothes at once （祈使句：谓+宾）
I介词短语作句子主干的状语
一级修饰 with a stylist instead of shopping alone,
_______________ I补充说明
二级修饰 one article of clothing at a time.
；词汇注释；at once同时;立刻，马上 a*rticle [ ,aitikl] n.（物品的）一件,一条;文章;条款
Part C
...•第—^段••••
❶Mental health is our birthright.心理健康是我们生来就有的权利。
句子主干 Mental health is our birthright.(主+系+表)
；而无生祖：m* ental [ -mentl] a.心理上的;精神的 birthright [，b3：0rait] n.与生俱来的权利
❷ We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy ； it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal
a cut or mend a broken bone.我们无须学习如何保持心理健康;它是与生俱来的，正如我们的身体知道如何治愈
伤口或修复骨折一样。
(1) We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy;(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 I并列句
(2) it is built into us (主+谓)
]介词短语作(2)句的方式状语
—级修饰 in the same way
| that引导的定语从句，修饰the same way
二级修饰 that our bodies know how to heal a cut or (to) mend a broken bone.
!逾注施】c*[kuAtt] 爪伤口;减少;发型仇割忧.修剪;削减 m*[meenndd] 牝(伤口)痊愈仇.修理;弥合
❸Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened.心理健康无法习得，只能被重新唤醒o
Mental health can't be learned,(主+谓)
句子主干 I并列谓语
only (can be) reawakened.
107、'、词汇注释:reawaken [ irisg weiksn] vt.重新唤起;使再度复苏
❹ It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be
weakened, but which never leaves us.它就像身体的免疫系统，在压力之下或缺乏营养、锻炼时会被削弱,但却从
未离开我们。
句子主干 I!企些SE虫辿!!?55，5史!竺8[虫?J枣B（主+系+表）
which引导的非限定性定语从句，[补充说明the immune system of the body
which...can be weakened,
一级修饰 but连接并列的定语从句，表转折
but which never leaves us.
。德接并列的介词短语，作非限定性定语从句的状语
二级修饰 under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise
顶汇注释:i*mmune [i mjum] a.有免疫力的;不受影响的 l*ack [lack] n./r.缺乏;没有
n*utrition [nju-tnfn] n.营养;滋养;营养的补给 weaken [-wiikan] v.削弱；（使）虚弱；动摇
❺ When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will
remain hidden from us,当我们不了解心理健康的重要性,不知道如何获得它时,心理健康就会隐藏起来。
二级修饰 of mental health ;
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the value
and we don't know how to gain access to it,
一级修饰 | and连接的并列句 、
When we don't understand the value
[When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 mental health will remain hidden （主+系+表）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
—级修饰 from us.
词汇注释！ gain access to获得;接近;取得使用... 的机会 r*emain [n-mem] link. v.保持不变;仍然是
❻ Our mental health doesn't really go anywhere ； like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view,
but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.心理健康其实一直都伴随着我们;宛如云朵背后的太阳，它
虽然会暂时离开我们的视线，但又完全能瞬间重现。
(Olu)r mental health doesn't really go anywhere;(主+谓)
I并列句
句子主干 (2)it can be temporarily hidden from view,(主+谓)
I but连接的并列句，表转折
but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
介词短语作(2)句的状语
—级修饰 like the sun behind a cloud, “
:词汇洼暮:temporarily [・temprgli] ad.暂时地;临时地;短暂地 be capable of能够;有能力
r*estore [rrsto：(r)] vt.恢复;使复原;整修 in an instant瞬间，立即，马上
108・•,第二段・・・
❶ Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common
sense.心理健康是蕴藏着自尊的种子，即对自己的信心和相信自身常识的能力。
句子主干 Mental health is theseed （主+系+表）
| that引导的定语从句，修饰the seed
—级修饰 that contains self-esteem
解释说明self-esteem [
二级修饰 onfidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.
:咨|汇注释'、、self-esteem自尊（心） common sense常识；直觉判断力
❷ It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see
the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out.它使我们对生活有客观的判断力---种不自大、会自
嘲、有远见和明白一切都会迎刃而解的能力。
句子主干 It allows us to have perspective on our lives （主+谓+宾+宾补）
:解释说明perspective
一坡碟饰 一the ability
[and连接并列的动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the ability
to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see
二级修饰 that引导的宾语从句，作see的宾语[
that things will work out.
:词汇生暮p*erspective [pa spektiv]几客观判断力;态度;观点 work out解决;计算出;锻炼身体
❸It's a form of innate or unleanied optimism.它是一种天生的或者说不学即知的乐观。
句子主干 It's a form （主+系+表）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰a form
of innate or unlearned optimism.
❹ Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and
with unconditional love no matter who they are.心理健康让我们在他人遇到困难时心怀同情，在他人遭受痛苦时
心怀善念,并且无论对待任何人,都心怀无条件的关爱。
Mental health allows us （主+谓+宾+宾补）
|动词不定式短语作US的补足语
to view others with sympathy
句子主干
一级修饰
no matter who they are.
109"寒点注释一:and连接的三个并列的动词不定式短语中，各包含一个状语从句:前两者中各包含一个if引导的
条件状语从句，最后一个包含一个no matter who引导的让步状语从句。
:词汇注释:s*ympathy [ simpaOi] n.同情;赞同;共鸣 unconditional [i*dAiJn,aknaln] g.无条件的
❺ Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more
beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.
心理健康是创造力的源泉，它有助于我们解决问题、化解冲突、营造更美好的环境、经营家庭生活，或想出一个
富有创造性的商业理念或发明，以使我们的生活更加轻松。
句子主干 Mental health is the source of creativity （主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰creativity [
for solving problems,...managing our home life,
一级修饰 | or连接并列的动名词短语
or coming up with a creative business idea or invention
I动词不定式短语作目的状语
二级修饰 to make our lives easier.
:要点注释:介词短语for solving...invention中,五个并列的动名词短语共同作介词for的宾语。
:词汇注释"creativity [ ^riiertivati] n.创造力 r*esolve [n zolv] vt.解决;下决心儿决心
c*onflict [ -konflikt] n.冲突；战斗 s*urroundings [ ssTaundigz] n. [pl.]环境
come up with想出，提出（计划、想法等） i*nvention [mwenfn] n.发明;创意;虚构
® It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our
car, or raising a child.心理健康让我们对人对己都有了耐心，也在驾车、捕鱼、修车和抚养孩子时充满了耐心。
_级修饰 for ourselves and toward others
| and连接并列的介词短语作后置定语，修饰patience
It gives us patience （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
句子主干 | as well as连接的并列谓宾
as well as （gives us） patience
"'while+现在分词短语结构”作句子主干的时间状语
while driving, catching a Hsh,
一级修饰 I并列的现在分词短语
working on our car, or raising a child.
而无注窟p*atience [ peijns] n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力 as well as也;还;和;除....之外（也）
work on sth.努力改善（或完成） r*aise [reiz] vt.抚养;提高;举起;种植
❼ It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in Mature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.它使
我们发现每时每刻都存在于我们周围大自然、文化和日常生活中的美。
110句子主干 It allows us to see the beauty （主+谓+兵+兵补）
一级修饰
| that引导的定语从句，修饰the beauty
that surrounds us each moment
并列的介词短语作后置定语，修饰the beauty
in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
国汇洼将：surroun（i*[s9 raund] v.围绕;与....密切相关 f*[lfolawu] n.流;流动;连贯航.流动;流畅
••••第三段•・••
❶ Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there
to direct you through all your difficult decisions.尽管心理健康是我们生活的灵丹妙药，但它再寻常不过，因为你
会发现，它一直指引你完成所有艰难的抉择。
—级修饰 Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,
| Although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 it is perfectly ordinary （主+系+表）
[as引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
as you will see
一级修饰 [that引导的宾语从句，作will see的宾语
that it has been there
I动词不定式短语作目的状语
二级修饰 to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
::介词短语 for living our lives 作后置定语，修饰 the cure-allo
:词汇注释；cure-all灵丹妙药;万灵药 d*irect [da rekt]仇.指引；管理0.监督a.直接的
❷ It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend
from foe,甚至在最平淡无奇的生活中，它也会教你明辨是非、判断善恶和分清敌友。
[词汇注释1 a*vailable [*vaeilabl] a.可获得的;有空的 mundane [mAn dem] a.平淡的，平凡的;世俗的
s*ituation [问JireiJn] n.状况;形势;局面 foe [fou] n.敌人；仇敌
❸ Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice.理健康
通常被称为良知、本能、智慧、常识或内心的声音。
111句子主干 Mental health has commonly been called （主+谓）
|并列的名词短语作Mental health的补足语
一级修饰 conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice.
国汇注臀j c*onscience [ -konfans] n.良知；良心；内疚 i*nstinct [ mstirjkt]儿本能;直觉;本能反应
❹ We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.我们仅仅将它视为智慧思维的一种健康
有益的涌动。
■■■■■■■■■■
句子主干 We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow （主+谓+宾+宾补）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰a healthy and helpful flow
一级修饰 of intelligent thought.
:词汇注释: think of把……看作（与as连用）；想出;思考 intelligent * [mlelidsant] a.有智慧的;智能的
t*hought [ 0o:t] n.思维;想法；观点
❺ As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down
to the moment and live life happily.你会逐渐明白，懂得心理健康无时不在并懂得相信它,能让我们及时放慢节
奏，快乐地生活。
—级修饰 As you will come to see,
[As引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
knowing.・・ and knowing to trust it allow us （主+谓+宾+宾补）
[that引导的宾语从句，作knowing的宾语
that mental health is always available
句子主干 动词不定式短语作us的补足语
to slow down to the moment
| and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and （to） live life happily.
词汇注释:t*rust [trASt] v. /n.相信;信任;期待 a*llow [ °，lau项.让,允许；承认；听凭
slow down放慢速度,减速;使身心松弛 to the moment及时;恰好
112
