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绝密★启用前
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项众
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指
定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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考生自负。
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书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining
what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since
children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm,
rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,
2 , a younger one.
3 , there's another sort of parent that's easier to 4 : a patient
parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every
parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 Sometimes, parents get
exhausted and are unable to maintain a 7 style with their kids. I understand
this.
You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too
far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at
your kids or say something that was too 10 and does nobody any good. You
wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.
12 , even though it's common, ifs vital to keep in mind that in a single
moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for
a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child
but also 14 your child's self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are modeling a
lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware
of the 16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that
will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional
control when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.
Certainly, it's 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A
more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with 19
situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working
toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful
moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
英语（二）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. pleasant B. tricky C. tedious D. instructive
2. A. at once B. in addition C. for example D. by accident
3. A. Fortunately B. Occasionally C. Accordingly D. Eventually
4. A. amuse B. train C. assist D. describe
5. A. once B. because C. unless D. while
6. A. choice B, answer C. task D. access
in
7. A. formal B. tolerant C. rigid D. critical
8. A. move B.send C. drag D. push
9. A. inevitable B. illogical C. mysterious D. suspicious
10. A. boring B. harsh C. naive D. vague
11. A. turn back B. take apart C. set aside D. cover up
12. A. Overall B. Instead C. Otherwise D. However
13. A. believe B. regret C. miss D. like
14. A. justify B. raise C. affect D. reflect
15. A.bond B. time C. race D. cool
16. A. nature B. secret C. context D. importance
17. A. confronted B. defeated C. cheated D. confused
18. A. strange B. terrible C. hard D. wrong
19. A. exciting B. trying C. surprising D. changing
20. A. withdraw B. hide C. emerge D. escape
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others
so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out 迁
this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California,
San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from
robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and
one asocial—for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a
chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourful
markings.
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around,
played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.
Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to
side.
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the
opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living
rats were 52 per cent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the
asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine
social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it
displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the
rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the
favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.
"Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and
cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will
help another rat that has previously helped them," says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its
minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a
simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head
and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but
that wasn't necessary,n says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in
Australia, who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they
come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are
fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans
seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too," says
Wiles.
英语（二）试题.3.（共14页）21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.
A. pick up social signals from non-living rats
B. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
C. attain sociable traits through special training
D. send out warning messages to their fellows
22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?
A. It followed the social robot.
B. It played with some toys.
C. It set the trapped rats free.
D. It moved around alone.
23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they
A. tried to practise a means of escape
B. expected it to do the same in return
C. wanted to display their intelligence
D. considered that an interesting game
24. Janet Wiles notes that rats.
A. can remember other rats' facial features
B. differentiate smells better than sizes
C. respond more to actions than to looks
D. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
25. It can be learned from the text that rats.
A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
B. are more socially active than other animals
C. behave differently from children in socializing
D. are more sensitive to social cues than expected
英语（二）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay
of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large
publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by
about 500% ・ The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about
$18.9 million a year.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited
CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing
rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more
dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason
their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative
to many other workers in the U. S. economy.
Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more
skills than simply being able to " run the company. ” CEOs must have a good
sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in
them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the
costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there's the fact that large
American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply
chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires
knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American
companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and
development. And beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day
work they have always done.
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off
doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has
become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally
during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.
That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for
increasingly tough jobs.
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to
the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of
depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market
reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that
those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
英语（二）试题.5.（共14页）26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
A. The growth in the number of corporations.
B. The general pay rise with a better economy.
C. Increased business opportunities for top firms.
D. Close cooperation among leading economies.
27. Compared with their predecessors, today *s CEOs are required to
A. foster a stronger sense of teamwork
B. finance more research and development
C. establish closer ties with tech companies
D. operate more globalized companies
28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite.
A. continual internal opposition
B. strict corporate governance
C. conservative business strategies
D. repeated government warnings
29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.
A. confirm the status of CEOs
B , motivate inside candidates
C. boost the efficiency of CEOs
「・ 上 i
D. increase corporate value
，'去泠.'病:J
30. The most suitable title for this text would be.
A. CEOs Are Not Overpaid
B. CEO Pay: Past and Present
C. CEOs' Challenges of Today
D. CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
英语（二）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it
rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one
election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the
clean air zone, a first step toward its possible termination. Mayor Jos6 Luis
Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election
campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now
overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them restored. But
with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Madrid's back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the
patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across
Europe, Britain very much included.
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to
tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore
vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to
individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to
the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. Ifs
not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low
emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.
And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in
2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger
number of motorists who will then be affected.
It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local
officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents*
health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to
air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits.
But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far
bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments—
Britain's and others across Europe—have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,
u school streets" , even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger
effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring
their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to
minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up
their cars.
英语（二）试题.7.（共14页）31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
A. Its effects are questionable.
B. It has been opposed by a judge.
C. It needs tougher enforcement.
D. Its fate is yet to be decided.
32. What is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
A. They are biased against car manufacturers.
B. They prove impractical for city councils.
C. They are deemed too mild by politicians.
D. They put the burden on individual motorists.
33. The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will.
A. arouse strong resistance
B. ensure Khan's electoral success
A
C. improve the city's traffic
D. discourage car manufacturing
34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
A. Local residents.
B. Mayors.
C. Councillors.
D. National governments.
35. It can be learned from the last paragraph that auto companies_____ .
A. will raise low-emission car production
B. should be forced to follow regulations
C. will upgrade the design of their vehicles
D. should be put under public supervision
英语（二）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the
most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give
or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are
about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's
been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more
new graduates for jobs in the U. S. this year than last, according to a survey
conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody
wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles
. .j...
will differ from those who came before them.
If “entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to
millennials (those bom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation
Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who
study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite
graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an
economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash
of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.
They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to
have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,
especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U. S.
now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this
year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of
Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a
future employer was the ability to offer secure employment ( followed by
professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security
or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was
number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good
about serving the greater good.
That's a big change from the previous generation. u Millennials wanted more
flexibility in their lives,” notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of
YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of
British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.
"Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of
the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite
risk averse. " .
英语（二）试题.9.（共14页）36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring.
A. are recognized for their abilities
B. are optimistic about the labor market
C. are drawing growing public attention
D. are in favor of office job offers
37. Generation Zs are keenly aware.
A. what their parents expect of them
B. what a tough economic situation is like
C. how they differ from past generations
D. how valuable a counselor's advice is
38. The word "assuage" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to.
A. maintain
B. define
C. relieve
D. deepen
39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs.
A. have a clear idea about their future jobs
B. care little about their job performance
C. give top priority to professional training
D. think it hard to achieve work-life balance
产
e
•.；二.菸“ 』
40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are
A. more diligent
B. more generous
C. less adventurous
D. less realistic
英语（二）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41—45).
There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Give compliments, just not too many
B. Put on a good face, always
C. Tailor your interactions
D. Spend time with everyone
E. Reveal, don't hide, information
F. Slow down and listen
G. Put yourselves in others, shoes
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to
get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in
friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day, and you
depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get
the whole office on your side.
41. _____________________
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try to
stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A
Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who
were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost
trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open
book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or
painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
42. _____________________
英语（二）试题.11.（共14页）Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.
We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a
project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to
take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas
out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your
best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than
prioritizing your own thoughts.
43. _____________________
Ifs common to have a u cubicle mate,T or special confidant in a work setting.
But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and
find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to
meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and
interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will
help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the
work day.
44. _____________________
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be
someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.
This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about
it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from
negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
45. ",
This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to
achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate
from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people
like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others
are more straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land
with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that
you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.
英语（二）试题.12.（共14页）Section ID Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
If s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of
failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that ifs entirely up to us to
decide how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world. " Or, we can look at
failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at
something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These
lessons are very important； they're how we grow, and how we keep from making
that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.
Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have
learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a
person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or
help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of
international students. Write them an email to
1) tell them about the site, and
2) give them some tips for the tour.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)
英语（二）试题.13.（共14页）PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
其他
获取信息2.2%
17. 0%
学习知识
消磨时间 59. 5%
21. 3%
某高校学生手机阅读目的调查
2020年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 BCADD 6~10 CBDAB 11 ~15 ADBCD
16-20 DACBC 21 〜25 ADBCD 26~30 CDBDA
31 ~35 DDADB 36-40 CBCAC 41 ~45 EFDAC
Section ID Translation
人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。然而,失败的绝妙之处在于，如何看待失败完全
取决于我们自己。
我们可以选择将失败看作“世界末日”。或者，我们可以把它视为绝佳的学习经历，其通
常也的确如此。每当遭遇失败时,我们可以选择从中吸取应该学习的教训。这些教训非常重
要,它们不仅使我们成长，而且能够防止我们再犯同样的错误。只有我们任由失败击垮我们
时，我们才会被击垮。
失败也可以教会我们认识自己，如果没有经历失败，我们绝不会有这样的认识。比如，失
败可以帮助你认识到自己有多么强大。失败可以帮助你认清谁是你真正的朋友，或者帮助你
找到成功路上意想不到的动力。
英语（二）试题.14.（共14页）■街艘园故事情节纯属虚构，仅为逗您一乐，不要“入戏”哦！
先低买学习，再仰关肯感！
累，好想出去玩啊七」
不如先列个考完研的
越想越兴奋,
“愿望清单”吧！
不小心笑出了
-------■
£,阅读刚
做第3篇.
/傻乐什么！
刚刚那套\
戡我千吗？ 题都做完了？
|用“闪过”，离愿望清单更近一步！
I
收词全,还划重点
背单词就是快!
