文档内容
专题 04 阅读理解议论文
议论文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅理解中的CD篇，主要考查学生的图辑思维能力。从文章中的细节、
主旨以及写作意图等方面着手、学生能从中总结出一个论点出来。议论文是说理性的文章， 通常由论点、
论据、论证过程和结论组成。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具
有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者的表达
意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。
A company in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, reportedly introduced an internal document requiring all
employees to stop using iPhones. Those who continue using iPhones could lose their jobs while those who switch
to Huawei would get subsidies, the document said.
Asked why, a senior company executive said the move was to ensure the security of information and
commercial secrets, and to encourage all to support domestic brands. Some enterprises and agencies might have
security concerns, but for the company involved that seems unlikely, and it seems to be more of a publicity ploy.
There have been instances in the past, too, of other private companies forbidding employees from using
iPhones and insisting they support Chinese brands.
At a time when the United States government is forcing US companies to stop doing business with Huawei, it
is good to see Chinese compatriots (同胞) supporting Chinese brands. However, it isn’t Apple that is stopping
supplying chips and other high-tech parts to Huawei. It is US politicians. The president has also issued executive
orders to shut down Tik Tok so as to force it to sell its US businesses to an American company.
The best way to support Chinese companies is to speak out against those US politicians. It is advisable, for
example, to create awareness among friends in the US about the ways in which these politicians are harming both
Chinese and US interests.
Boycotting US brands such as Apple is not at all advisable. It not only violates (侵犯) an individual’s personal
right to choose what he or she likes, it also creates a lot of misunderstanding. Of course, organizations that deal
with critical information can ask their employees to use domestic brands. But that must be done legally.
Even Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said that patriotism should not decide whether one wants an iPhone or a
Huawei. He said that he had bought Apple computers for his family and that his company must learn from itscompetitors.
1．The underlined word “subsidies” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A．jobs
B．bonus
C．punishment
D．compliment
2．Why did the company require its employees to stop using iPhones according to its leadership?
A．They thought the company’s secret information might be stolen by iPhones.
B．They felt guilt and shame at using iPhones.
C．They had to obey the order of the local government.
D．They thought using iPhones was an act of showing off.
3．According to the passage all the following statements are true EXCEPT that________.
A．some enterprises and individuals don’t use iPhones to take their patriotic stand
B．Apple is stopping supplying chips to Huawei
C．boycotting US brands is not at all wise and appropriate
D．Ren Zhengfei and his family also use Apple products
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．We Need to Unite Against Using iPhones
B．One Company Ploy Matters to One Country’s Future
C．Can’t Force Huawei to Be Apple of One’s Eye
D．Chinese Compatriots - Let’s Switch to Huawei
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章报道国内有些企业因为美国政府迫使美国的一些公司停止和华为的贸易
往来而禁止员工使用苹果手机，作者对这一观点进行了驳斥，提出抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取。这不
仅侵犯了个人选择的权利，也造成了很多误解。当然，处理关键信息的机构可以要求员工使用国产品牌。
但这必须是合法的。
1．B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Those who continue using iPhones could lose their jobs while
those who switch to Huawei would get subsidies.(那些继续使用苹果手机的人可能会失去工作，而那些转而使
用华为的人将获得subsidies)”中while可知，前后句是对比关系，“lose their jobs”与“get subsidies”相对，
结合选项可知，使用苹果手机的人可能会失去工作，而使用华为的人将获得“奖金”，划线词与bonus同
义。故选B。
2．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“a senior company executive said the move was to ensure the securityof information and commercial secrets，and to encourage all to support domestic brands．Some enterprises and
agencies might have security concerns (该公司一位高管表示，此举是为了确保信息和商业秘密的安全，并鼓
励所有人支持国产品牌。部分企业和机构可能存在安全顾虑)”可知，领导层要求员工停止使用苹果手机是
因为他们认为公司的机密信息可能会被苹果手机窃取。故选A。
3．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“However, it isn’t Apple that is stopping supplying chips and other
high-tech parts to Huawei. It is US politicians.(然而，停止向华为供应芯片和其他高科技零部件的并不是苹果
公司。而是美国政客)”可知，停止向华为供应芯片和其他高科技零部的并不是苹果公司，而是美国政客们
的行为，所以B项错误。故选B。
4．C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合选项最后两段中“Boycotting US brands such as Apple is not at
all advisable. It not only violates (侵犯) an individual’s personal right to choose what he or she likes, it also creates
a lot of misunderstanding.(抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取。这不仅侵犯了个人选择他或她喜欢的东西的权
利，也造成了很多误解)”和“Even Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said that patriotism should not decide whether
one wants an iPhone or a Huawei.(就连华为创始人任正非也表示，爱国主义不应该决定一个人是想要苹果还
是华为)”可知，本文驳斥了有些企业禁止员工使用苹果手机的作法，提出抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取，
任何人无论使用苹果手机还是华为手机都是个人的喜好和权利，不能用“爱国主义”来绑架。由此推知C
项“Can’t Force Huawei to Be Apple of One’s Eye (不能强迫华为成为掌上明珠)”是本文要表达的观点，即不
能通过抵制的手段来迫使人们选择使用华为手机。故选C。
第一，抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。
抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。
第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见
的议论文结构有以下两类：
1.Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问
题”的过程。
2. Argument/Idea → Evidence → Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”
的过程。
第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体
现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，
方能做出判断。
在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们
认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。（一）、Math and music are two entirely different fields of study,but there is a strong relevance between
them. At some point, they tend to overlap, and it is common for people good at math to be good at music. It may
seem illogical to compare the two, but there are more similarities between math and music than you would imagine.
Numbers can tell us more about music. Sounds strange but it’s true. Music is divided into sections that are
called measures, where each measure has equal amounts of beats. This is comparable to mathematical divisions of
time. Now, each piece of music will tell us how many beats there are in each measure. All the music notes have
numerical connections and a number of beats. It is important to understand the value of fractions (分数) and notes
to count the music correctly.
The biggest similarity between math and music in pattern. For example, music has repeating choruses while
math uses patterns to explain the unknown. You can use different mathematical phenomena in music. These include
geometry (几何学), signal processing, etc. In fact, research has shown that when music shows some mathematical
structure, it tends to be more popular.
In addition to their shared elements, math and music can be taught using the principles of both. A student who
enjoys math and music can benefit from both. For example, music cam enhance cognition and reasoning skills. For
instance, Einstein listened to music when solving math problems to increase clarity. Similarly, playing music can
improve cognition, as it increases communication between the two brains.
Music is a gateway to many things, and until now, you probably didn’t realize that it’s just as demanding,
analytical, logical and scientific as math. Something as simple as learning “Mary Had a Little Lamb” on the piano
is actually setting your child up for bigger and better things; maybe they’ll pick up Pythagoras (毕达哥拉斯) in a
flash, maybe they’ll be a genius in math, perhaps they’ll one day discover their own theory of relativity.
1．What does the author think about math and music?
A．Math and music are deeply intertwined.
B．Music is a totally different subject from math.
C．It sounds reasonable to compare math and music.
D．People expert at math all tend to be music lovers.
2．What’s mainly about the paragraph 2?
A．Measure is a piece of music. B．Math helps in reading music.
C．Music sound appears strange. D．Music beats equal to math numbers.
3．What statement will the author probably agree with?
A．Patterns are common in both math and music.B．Certain music skills are practised via choruses.
C．Music principle seems easier than mathematics.
D．Reasoning skills in math chiefly rely on music.
4．What message does the last paragraph convey?
A．Musical involvement promotes to be a genius.
B．Music allows kids to combine math with piano.
C．Music offers kids potential success in mathematics.
D．Music may enhance the mathematics skills of all kids.
【语篇解读】本文为一篇议论文。数学和音乐属于两个完全不同的研究领域，但是两者间有着很强的相关
性，数学引导人们理解音乐，而小时候学音乐也可能使人今后在数学方面取得成就。
1．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Math and music are two entirely different fields of study, but there is a
strong relevance between them. At some point, they tend to overlap, and it is common for people good at math to be
good at music. It may seem illogical to compare the two, but there are more similarities between math and music
than you would imagine. (数学和音乐是两个完全不同的研究领域，但它们之间有很强的相关性。在某些时
候，它们往往会重叠，擅长数学的人擅长音乐是很常见的。比较两者似乎不合逻辑，但数学和音乐之间的
相似之处比你想象的要多。)”可知，音乐和数学之间有重叠，有很强的相关性，与A项“Math and music
are deeply intertwined (数学和音乐深深交织在一起)”意思相近，故选A。
2．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Numbers can tell us more about music. Sounds strange but it’s
true.Music is divided into sections that are called measures,where each measure has equal amounts of beats. This is
comparable to mathematical divisions of time.Now, each piece of music will tell us how many beats there are in
each measure. All the music notes have numerical connections and a number of beats. It is important to understand
the value of fractions (分数) and notes to count the music correctly. (数字可以告诉我们更多关于音乐的信息。
听起来很奇怪，但这是真的。音乐被分成几个小节，每个小节都有等量的节拍。这与数学上的时间划分相
当。现在，每一段音乐都会告诉我们每个小节有多少拍。所有的音符都有数字连接和节拍数。理解分数的
价值和音符对正确计算音乐很重要)”可知，本段主要阐述数字能告诉我们音乐的信息，即：数字有助于我
们理解音乐。故选B。
3．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“The biggest similarity between math and music in pattern. (数学和音
乐最大的相似之处在于模式。)”可知，作者同意“模式在数学和音乐是共有的”这个说法。故选A。
4．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Music is a gateway to many things, and until now, you probably
didn’t realize that it’s just as demanding, analytical, logical and scientific as math. Something as simple as learning‘Mary Had a Little Lamb’ on the piano is actually setting your child up for bigger and better things; maybe they’ll
pick up Pythagoras (毕达哥拉斯) in a flash, maybe they’ll be a genius in math, perhaps they’ll one day discover
their own theory of relativity. (音乐是通往许多事物的大门，直到现在，你可能还没有意识到它和数学一样要
求高、分析性强、逻辑性强、科学性强。像在钢琴上学习《玛丽有只小羊羔》这样简单的事情，实际上是
在为你的孩子做更大更好的事情做准备，也许他们会在一瞬间学会毕达哥拉斯（的数学），也许他们会成
为数学天才，也许有一天他们会发现自己的相对论。)”可知，音乐有助于孩子获取其他的知识，学习音乐
的孩子将来可能会在数学方面取得成功。故选C。
（二）、Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than
previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in the regions
that are important for planning ahead, expecting the future results of one’s decisions, and comparing risk and
reward. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. Should this new knowledge make
us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults?
Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.
First, different brain regions mature along with different timetables. There is no single age at which the
adolescent brain becomes an adult brain. Systems responsible for logical reasoning mature when people are 16, but
those involved in self-regulation are still developing in young adulthood. This is why 16-year-olds are just as
capable as adults when it comes to permitting informed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce
their criminal responsibility, as the Supreme Court has noted in several recent cases. Using different ages for
different legal boundaries seems strange, but it would make neuro- scientific sense if we did it reasonably.
Second, science has never had much influence on these decisions. If it did, we wouldn’t have lived in a society
that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not
scientific ones. It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.
Children are so changeable in their growth and how cultures understand child development is so different. It is
pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol
at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to
Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I
recognize that the government might never accept it.
5．What can we learn about brain maturation according to the passage?
A．All the brain areas become mature at the same time.
B．Scientists’ brain matures much earlier than politicians’.C．The region in charge of logical reasoning isn’t mature until 18.
D．The time of brain maturation is not as early as thought before.
6．What is the author’s attitude towards Neuroscience?
A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Intolerant.
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It’s illegal for a Dutch boy to drive at the age of 16.
B．The culture of the Dutch is much better than the USA．
C．It’s of great value to determine the right age of maturation.
D．The influence of science on law and policy making is very big.
8．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Should Children Learn from Capable Adults?
B．Can Neuroscience Create Mature Scientists?
C．Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions?
D．Can Children Drive and Drink Beer Like Adults?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟
的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学
的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即
对该问题进行了否定回答。
5．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成
熟) occurs far later than previously thought.(神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得
多。)”可知，大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D。
6．A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact
on politics although it is always correct.(虽然神经科学总是正确的，但遗憾的是它不会对政治产生太大的影
响。)”以及最后一段“Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a
good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US(即使我坚信法律决定应该认真参考神经
科学，在美国降低饮酒年龄和提高驾驶年龄是个好主意)”可知，作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的，
只是它没有受到政治的关注，未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故
选A。
7．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the
age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. (例如，荷兰允许16岁的孩子喝酒，但直到19岁才能开车。)”可知，荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的，但是19岁才能开车即19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A。
8．C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟)
occurs far later than previously thought. (神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”；
以及本段中“Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and
adults?(这一新知识是否会让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe. But it’s
not as simple as it seems for two reasons.(也许吧。但事情并不像看上去那么简单，原因有二。)”可知，本文
主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是
否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实
际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项
“Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions?(神经科学会影响法律决策吗？)”符合文章标题。故选C。
一、
（2022·河北·校联考模拟预测）The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may
wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences,
and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including
insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes. The records included all kinds of behaviors,
including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中)
and within 60 days of an earthquake. Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region
and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself. They were just responding
to foreshocks.
“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar,” Woith said. “From
this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks. These animals are just
responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake. They don’t have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking. “A major
surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which didnot stand as statistical scientific proof,” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers
ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and
monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible?” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really
unusual?”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.
Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
1．How did Woith conduct the study?
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals’ behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals’ different responses.
2．What is Woith’s new finding?
A．Tigers become depressed easily. B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks. D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
3．What surprised the scientists in the study?
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
4．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals’ behavior in earthquakes.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这
种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
1．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段话“To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the
German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual
behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes. The records
included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.(为了弄清这个问题的真相，德国地球科学研究中心(German Research Centre for Geosciences)的科学家海科·沃斯(Heiko
Woith)和他的同事们评估了超过700份已发表的关于130种物种异常行为的报告，其中包括160次地震中
的昆虫、鸟类、鱼类、猫、狗和牛。这些记录包括各种各样的行为，包括一只老虎，据说它在地震前会感
到沮丧。)”可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
2．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段话“The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases
happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake. Then, they examined when
and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict
the earthquake itself. They were just responding to foreshocks.(研究人员发现，90%的报告病例发生在震中62
英里和地震的60天内。 然后，他们研究了该地区发生前震的时间和地点，并得出结论，很难说这些动物
能够预测地震本身。它们只是对前震做出反应。)”和第四段话“From this, we concluded that the abnormal
animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks. These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than
predicting the earthquake. They don’t have super power.(由此，我们得出结论，动物的异常行为可能只是与前
震有关。这些动物只是对前震做出反应，而不是预测地震。他们没有超能力)”可知，并没有足够的证据说
明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C。
3．D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段话“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the
published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof,(令我们惊
讶的是，大多数发表的观点都是建立在糟糕的观察数据基础上的，这些数据不能作为统计科学证据，)”可
知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作科学数据。故选D。
4．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段话“The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some
people may wonder whether their pets—or wild animals for that matter—knew the disaster was coming.(地震发生
后，当地面停止晃动的那一刻，一些人可能会想，他们的宠物——或者野生动物——是否知道灾难即将来
临。)”和最后一段话“Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds
before they hit. Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.(与此同时，人
类正在研究能够在地震发生前几秒钟检测到地震的技术。希望我们会有这样的设备来警告人们地震即将来
临。)”可知，文章在讨论动物是否有预测地震的超能力。故选B。
二、
（2022·福建福州·统考三模）Climbing, I once thought, was a very manly activity, but as I found my way
into this activity, I came to see that something quite different happens on the rock.
Like wild swimming, rock climbing involves you into the landscape. On the rock, I am fully present. Eyes pay
close attention.ears are alert (警觉的), and hands move across the surface. Unlike walking, where I could happilywander about absent-mindedly, in climbing, attentive observation is essential.
As an arts student studying English literature, I discovered a new type of reading from outdoor climbing.
Going out on to the crags (悬崖), I saw how you can learn to read the rocks and develop a vocabulary of physical
movements. Good climbers knew how to map their bodies on to the stone. Watching them, I wanted to possess that
skillful language.
My leap happened when I worked for the Cairngorms National Park Authority. Guiding my explorations into
this strange new landscape was Nan Shepherd. Unlike the goal-directed mindset of many mountaineers, she is not
concerned with peaks or personal beats. Shepherd sees the mountain as a total environment and she celebrates the
Caingorms as a place alive with plants, rocks, animals and elements. Through her generous spirit and my own
wanderings, I saw that rock climbing need not be a process of testing yourself against anything. Rather, the
intensity of focus could release you into another way of being.
Spending so much time in high and stony places has changed my view on the world and our place in it. I
have come into physical contact with processes that go way beyond the everyday. Working with gravity, geology
(地质学), rhythms of weather and deep time, I gain an actual relationship with the earth. This connection lies at the
heart of my passion for rock climbing. I return to the rocks, because this is where I feel in touch — with our land.
5．Why does the author like climbing?
A．It challenges her to compete with men.
B．Ir allows her a urique attitude toward rock.
C．It teaches her how to possess a new language.
D．It makes her feel connected with the world.
6．What does the writer find important in climbing?
A．Balance. B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity.
7．What does the writer learn from Nan Shepherd?
A．Climbing goes together with nature.
B．Every mountain top is within reach.
C．The best climber is the one having fun.
D．You cannot achieve high unless you change.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in paragrap 5 refer to?
A．Time. B．Contact. C．The world. D．My view.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文，作者喜欢爬山，文章讲述了作者对爬山的理解及从爬山得到的感悟。
5．D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Working with gravity, geology (地质学), rhythms of weather anddeep time, I gain an actual relationship with the earth. This connection lies at the heart of my passion for rock
climbing.(通过研究重力、地质、天气节奏和深层时间，我获得了与地球的真实关系。这种联系正是我对攀
岩的热情所在)”可知，作者喜欢爬山是因为爬山可以与世界产生联系。故选D。
6．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中中“On the rock, I am fully present. Eyes pay close attention, ears are
alert (警觉的), and hands move across the surface. Unlike walking, where I could happily wander about absent-
mindedly, in climbing, attentive observation is essential.(在岩石上，我完全存在于这里。眼睛密切关注，耳朵
警觉，手在水面上移动。不像散步，我可以愉快地心不在焉地漫步，在爬山时，全神贯注的观察是必不可
少的)”可知，作者发现爬山时专注很重要。故选B。
7．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shepherd sees the mountain as a total environment and she
celebrates the Caingorms as a place alive with plants, rocks, animals and.elements.(Shepherd把这座山视为一个完
整的环境，她赞美Caingorms是一个充满了植物，岩石，动物和各种元素的地方)”可知，作者从Shepherd
身上学到爬山是与大自然融为一体。故选A。
8．C【解析】指代猜测题。根据最后一段首句“Spending so much time in high and stony places has changed
my view on the world and our place in it.(在高处多石的地方呆了这么长时间，改变了我对世界和我们在其中
的地位的看法)”可知，此处指作者通过爬山改变了对世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代前文的
“世界”。故选C。
三、
（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A
friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we
face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris
Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep."
What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies havegone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
9．How does the author feels about Tobnson’s concerns?
A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful. D．Excited.
10．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
11．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
12．Which would be the best tide for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantun Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学
家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
9．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,
researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential.
If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnsonwarns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，
他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤
怒)”以及最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，
关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。
10．C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very
large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we
would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have
spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都
“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法
解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他
人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
11．A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone
to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to
understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一
些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解
的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。
12．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as
have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even
take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson.”(现
在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮
助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后
一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.( PyQuantum真的能像
泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投
资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的
宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以
短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
四、
（2022·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模）You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you’ll see
more stars than your eyes can count. Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them. With somany celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the
universe. And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them?
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue. Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life
exists elsewhere in the universe. Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly
likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there. Some claim that life can only develop under
perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this. Other scientists object to this claim, and point
out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by
governments. The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. On that date, many
residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field. When the
military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area. A few hours later, the army base announced that it
had recovered a flying disk. Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon
that crashed. However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an
autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great. Even
if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several
lifetimes to reach them. Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
13．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets?
A．Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B．Because life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
C．Because the government’s statement seemed suspicious.
D．Because there are a great number of planets in the universe.
14．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness.B．Emphasized again to persuade people.
C．Formally taken back what has been said. D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence
15．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Are we alone in the universe? B．Is it possible to contact aliens?
C．Intelligent life in the universe. D．Planets floating out in space.
16．How does the author sound in the passage?
A．Objective. B．Humorous. C．Cautious. D．Anxious.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其它形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此
的不同看法。
13．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it
seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there.(然而，据估计，仅在我们的星
系中就有一万亿颗行星，地球人似乎很有可能不是唯一的智慧生物)”可知，有些科学家认为其他星球上有
生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。故选D。
14．C【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later, the army base announced that it had
recovered a flying disk. Shortly after, this statement was”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that
crashed(据说是一个气象气球坠毁)”可知，该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后，这一声明被撤
回，据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意思是“正式收回说过的话”，故选C。
15．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help
but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe. And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them?
(太空中漂浮着这么多天体，你不禁要问宇宙中是否存在其他形式的生命。如果有的话，能联系上他们
吗？)”结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其它形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此的不同看法。可知，
A选项“我们是宇宙中唯一的存在吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
16．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.(科学界在这个问
题上仍然存在分歧)”；第三段中“Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this
information is being kept secret by governments.(有些人认为外星人已经访问过我们的星球，但这些信息被政
府保密)”以及最后一段中“Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance
between us is too great.(另一些人认为肯定有其他生命形式存在，但我们之间的距离太大了)”可推知，文中
没有提到作者的观点，即作者是客观的语气。故选A。
五、
（2022·辽宁·校联考模拟预测）Despite their endless social activities, closely packed urban environments
often come with the hidden phenomenon of increased loneliness. According to Dr. Vivek Murthy, United States
Surgeon General, the global “loneliness epidemic” is an overlooked consequence of urban living that carries serious
risks, associated with heart disease, depression, anxiety, and dementia.
While there are many ways to overcome loneliness, such as redesigning urban architecture to help facilitate
social interactions or making it easier for people to own pets, a new study also recommends adding nature into the
mix.
The findings, published in the journal Scientific Reports, follows a review of assessments provided by morethan 750 U. K. residents who volunteered to use a custom — built smartphone app for two weeks. The participants
were questioned randomly three times a day using a technique called an “ecological momentary assessment”. In
addition to questions about overcrowding and social inclusion (融入), the volunteers were asked about their natural
surroundings, such as “Can you see trees, plants and water right now?” Feelings of“momentary loneliness” were
then ranked on a five-point scale.
According to the more than 16, 600 assessments received, overcrowded environments increased feelings of
loneliness by a shocking 38%, regardless of age, gender, education level, or occupation. When people were able to
interact with green spaces or hear birds or see the sky, however, loneliness dropped by 28%. Social inclusivity,
defined by the research team as feeling welcomed by a group or sharing similar values, also dropped loneliness by
21%.
These findings appear to correlate (联系) with previous research into the mental benefits of walking through
natural areas. Johanna Gibbons, leader of the research team, further indicates that high-quality green and blue
spaces such as parks and rivers in dense urban areas, which is often viewed as a key weapon in the fight against
climate change, can also be critical in improving our own well — being and reducing feelings of isolation. She said,
“I believe deep in our souls, there are really deep connections with natural forces.”
17．What problem is discussed in paragraph 1?
A．Urban living lacks social connection.
B．Loneliness is a growing threat in cities.
C．Modern cities are getting overcrowded.
D．Aging population are facing more risks.
18．What did the social survey focus on?
A．How loneliness affected people of all ages.
B．What the root of the loneliness in cities was.
C．How hi-technology improved people’s lives.
D．What people’s favorite living surroundings were.
19．What might help deal with urban loneliness according to the new survey?
A．A life experience in nature. B．Low rates of social activities.
C．An overcrowded environment. D．A design of urban architecture.
20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Playing hard is harmful to mental health.B．People in green spaces may be more cheerful.
C．Global warming changes our characteristics.
D．Everything is connected with natural forces.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述喧嚣的城市中孤独感对人们的影响。
17．B【解析】细节理解题。根据首句“Despite their endless social activities，closely packed urban
environments often come with the hidden phenomenon of increased loneliness. (尽管他们的社交活动层出不穷，
但拥挤的城市环境往往隐藏着孤独感增加的现象)”可知，在城市里孤独是一个日益严重的威胁。故选B。
18．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“In addition to questions about overcrowding and social inclusion (融
入), the volunteers were asked about their natural surroundings, such as “Can you see trees, plants and water fight
now?”(除了关于过度拥挤和社会包容的问题，志愿者们还被问及他们的自然环境，比如“你现在能看到树
木、植物和水吗？”)”可知，社会调查主要关注的是找到城市中孤独的根源。故选B。
19．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“When people were able to interact with green spaces or hear birds or
see the sky, however, loneliness dropped by 28%.(然而，当人们能够与绿色空间互动、听到鸟叫声或看到天空
时，孤独感下降了28%)” 可知，亲近大自然可以帮助减少城市孤独。故选A。
20．B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Johanna Gibbons, leader of the research team, further indicates
that high-quality green and blue spaces such as parks and rivers in dense urban areas, which is often viewed as a
key weapon in the fight against climate change, can also be critical in improving our own well — being and
reducing feelings of isolation.(研究小组组长乔安娜·吉本斯进一步指出，高质量的绿色和蓝色空间，如密集
城市地区的公园和河流，通常被视为对抗气候变化的关键武器，在改善我们自己的福祉和减少孤立感方面
也可能至关重要)”可知，公园绿地可以提高我们的幸福，减少孤独感，使我们更加积极的对待生活。故选
B。
一、
（2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps thisis not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
1．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?
A．They’re unfair. B．They’re conservative.
C．They’re objective. D．They’re strict.
2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A．Improved global communication.
B．Less discrimination against women.
C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts.
D．Changes in people’s social positions.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
1．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the
standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or
people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写
的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人
——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝。)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐
部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
2．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around
age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现女
孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活
动。)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
3．A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all
positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随
时随地都能看到天才的出现。)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
4．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才)”
和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class
do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence,
creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，像
性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有
“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他
们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选
B。
二、
（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been
sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as
humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson
who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This isthe sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
5．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited
6．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
7．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
8．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学
家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
5．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,
researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential.
If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson
warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，
他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤
怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）
可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C.
doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
6．C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very
large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we
would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have
spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司
都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无
法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与
他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
7．A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially
prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to
understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表
了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些
你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受
损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
8．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing,
as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even
take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys
Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，
量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼
火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylorclaims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.
（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建
议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述
了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分
别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
三、
（2021·北京·高考真题）Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what
time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies
depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein
right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question
you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time
to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're
increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we
need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental
changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If
the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll
see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of
observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us
to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will
live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a
major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time
to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting
dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to
their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourageenvironmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as
praiseworthy as its purpose．
9．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B．Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
10．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A．present an assumption B．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experiment D．introduce an approach
11．What can we learn from this passage？
A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
12．What can we infer from this passage？
A．It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C．We should live in harmony with nature．
D．History is a mirror reflecting reality．
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
9．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is,
because the answer depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时
间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定
义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B。
10．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth
systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in
balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，
我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we
related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？
(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类
生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D。
11．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways
continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of
standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect．（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对
它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如
果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过
河流时间。故选C。
12．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth
systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in
balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，
我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their
survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental
awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护
系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环
境。故选C。
四、
（2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful,
to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to
follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then workaccordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
13．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-signted.
C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
14．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A．Through maintaining good health.
B．By going through pain and suffering.
C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D．Through offering help much needed by others.
15．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A．less selfish B．less annoying
C．more motivated D．more responsible
16．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B．When our love for the world is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D．When we stay blind to the reality.
17．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B．directed by love and pushed by knowledgeC．purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而
是生而有益。
13．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term
benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，
但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间
长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B。
14．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any
expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而
不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选
D。
15．C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅
享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事
情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C。
16．A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知
识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、
违背预期的结局。故选A。
17．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better
world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世
界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A。
