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绝密★启用前
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英 语 （二 ）
（科目代码：204）
试卷条形码 ： ☆考生注意事项翁
1 . 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指
定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2 . 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条
形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生
自负。
3 . 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书
写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿
纸、试题册上答题无效。
4 . 填 （书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写
部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5 . 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以 下 信 息 考 生 必 须 认 真 填 写 ）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) fbr each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Your social life is defined as “the activities you do with other people, fbr pleasure,
when you are not working”. It's important to have a social life, but whafs right fbr one
person won't be right for another. Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time
with others, ] some of us may feel drained, even if ifs doing something we enjoy.
This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key. Spending too much time on
your own, not 3 others, can make you feel lonely and 4 . Loneliness is known
to impact on your mental health and 5 a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any
time. This might be especially true if, 6 , you are working from home and you
are 7 on the usual social conversations that happen in an office. Other life changes
can 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement, changing jobs or becoming a
parent.
It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness. There are ways to 9 a
social life, but it can feel overwhelming 10 . It's a great idea to start by thinking
about hobbies you enjoy. You can then find groups and activities related to those
where you will be able to meet 11 people. There are groups aimed at new parents,
at those who want to 12 a new sport fbr the first time, or networking events fbr
those in the same profession to meet up and 13 ideas.
On the other hand, it's 14 possible to have too much of a social life. If you
feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar
fbr downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social 16 . We all have our own
social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.
Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor
social health. Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you9re 19 for
socialising and use this time to relax, 20 and recover.
2024-21. [A] because [B] unless [C] whereas [D] until
2. [A] contrast [B] balance [C] link [D] gap
3. [A] seeing [B] pleasing [C] judging [D] teaching
4. [A] misguided [B] surprised [C] spoiled [D] disconnected
5. [A] contribute to [B] rely on [C] interfere with [D] go against
6. [A] in fact [B] of course [C] for example [D] on average
7. [A] cutting back [B] missing out [C] breaking in [D] looking down
8. [A] shorten [B] trigger [C] follow [D] interrupt
9. [A] assess [B] interpret [C] provide [D] regain
10. [A] at first [B] in turn [C] on time [D] by chance
11. [A] far-sighted [B] strong-willed [C] kind-hearted [D] like-minded
12. [A] try [B] promote [C] watch [D] describe
13. [A] test [B] share [C] accept [D] revise
14. [A] already [B] thus [C] also [D] only
15. [A] list [B] order [C] space [D] boundary
16. [A] fatigue [B] criticism [C] injustice [D] dilemma
17. [A] sources [B] standards [C] signs [D] scores
18. [A] take over [B] wipe off [C] add up [D] mark out
19. [A] ungrateful [B] unavailable [C] responsible [D] regretful
20. [A] react [B] repeat [C] return [D] rest
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part AText 1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be,
Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy
requires new ways of thinking about progress. "Whatever we mean by the economy
growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than
in the recent past," she writes. uAn economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and
gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically
sustainable.^^
Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require
greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including
health care and construction, says Coyle. But people can't be expected to embrace
the changes if they're not seeing the benefits- if they're just seeing good jobs being
destroyed.
In a recent interview, Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could be
a roadblock to deploying AI. "We're talking about disruption,9, she says. "These are
transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that
change business models that succeed.99 To make such "tremendous changes,,9 she adds,
you need social buy-in.
Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are
perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that
included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech
jobs by 2019. New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings's Mark
Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets
and capabilities in the United States.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means
that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster
political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI
technologies needed fbr regional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big
Tech has on defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding fbr
research independent of the tech giants.
A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of
AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors
that different parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and
manufacturing.
2024-421. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should
[A] give rise to innovations
[B] diversify career choices
[C] benefit people equally
[D] be promoted forcefully
22. According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to
[A] bring about instant prosperity
[B] reduce people's workload
[C] raise overall work efficiency
[D] enhance cross-sector cooperation
23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?
[A] They may affect work-life balance.
[B] They may be impractical to deploy.
[C] They may incur huge expenditure.
[D] They may be unwelcome to the public.
24. Several American cities are mentioned to s h o w .
[A] the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US
[B] the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US
[C] the fast progress of US regional economies
[D] the increasing significance of US AI assets
25. With regard to Coyle9s concern, the author suggests
[A] raising funds to start new AI projects
[B] encouraging collaboration in AI research
[C] guarding against the side effects of AI
[D] redefining the role of AI technologies
2024-5Text 2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to
produce wood, Confdr has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for
urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable
supply of wood for future generations. Currently only 20 per cent of the UK's wood
requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber
in the world.
Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to
grow more trees, the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the
benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies. uNot only are we facing a carbon
crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure
to plant trees to produce wood,“ said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confdr. “For
decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,
leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as
global demand rises and our own supplies fall."
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and
is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confbr says.
While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the
use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent. The causes of the
UK's current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive
forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant
hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer-term planting
projects.
While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural
economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy, the focus of government
support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native
woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added: "While food production and
biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to also provide
secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net zero.
uWhile the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there
has been little action on the ground. Confdr is now calling fbr much greater impetus
behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.
2024-626. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the UK needs t o .
[A] increase its domestic wood supply
[B] reduce its demand for timber
[C] lower its wood production costs
[D] lift its control on timber imports
27. According to Confdr, the UK govemmenfs fresh i n c e n t i v e s .
[A] can hardly address a construction crisis
[B] are believed to come at a wrong time
[C] seem to be misleading for landowners
[D] will be too costly to put into practice
28. The UK's exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result o f .
[A] the govemmenfs inaction on timber imports
[B] inadequate investment in growing wood
[C] the competition among timber traders at home
[D] wood producers9 motive to maximise profits
29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?
[A] Excessive timber consumption in construction.
[B] Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.
[C] Outdated technologies of the wood industry.
[D] Farmers9 unwillingness to plant trees.
30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?
[A] Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.
[B] Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.
[C] Provide more support for productive tree planting.
[D] Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.
2024-7Text 3
One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is
convincing them that ifs time to turn over the keys. "It's a complete life-changer”
when someone stops- or is forced to stop- driving, said former risk manager Anne M.
Menke.
“The American Medical Association advises physicians that 'in situations where
clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient
and public safety, and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges
is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,9,9
Menke wrote. "Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not
mandate reports, while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could
be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on
reporting and confidentiality,9, she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are
addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including
gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others,
said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. "There's not a National Institute of Older Driver
Studies J she said. "We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe^^ and what
can help, said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for
license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 per cent
reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing
vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although
there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.
Many older drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primary care providers
have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have
trouble driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are
going——or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to
reach car pedals easily.
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the
problems of crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers
would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve
safety, said Dugan. utIf we're going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-
old can drive comfortably.99
2024-831. According to Paragraph 1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road
[A] is a new safety measure
[B] has become a disputed issue
[C] can be a tough task to complete
[D] will be beneficial to their health
32. The American Medical Association's a d v i c e .
[A] has won support from drivers
[B] is generally considered unrealistic
[C] is widely dismissed as unnecessary
[D] has met with different responses
33. According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers s a f e .
[A] have brought about big changes
[B] need to be well coordinated
[C] have gained public recognition
[D] call for relevant legal support
34. Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to
[A] stick with bad driving habits
[B] have a weakened memory
[C] suffer from chronic pains
[D] neglect car maintenance
35. Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in
[A] upgrading self-driving vehicles
[B] developing senior-friendly cars
[C] renovating transport facilities
[D] adjusting the age limit for drivers
2024-9Text 4
If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to
your health- and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker,
a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this
technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from
the Organization fbr the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health
apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal
information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy
law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused
on the way hospitals, doctors9 offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records
online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting
typically does not receive the same legal protections.
Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially
monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or
anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation.
The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took
control of users9 sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties." Flo Health and
the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users9
express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the
third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against
unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy
practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing
what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of
their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market
demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive
federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun
implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health
data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California
Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed
state consumer data privacy legislation.
2024-1036. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to s h o w .
[A] the prevalence of health apps
[B] the public concern over health
[C] the popularity of smartphones
[D] the advancement of technology
37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
[A] Its coverage needs to be extended.
[B] Its enforcement needs strengthening.
[C] It has discouraged medical misconduct.
[D] It has disappointed insurance companies.
38. Before sharing its users' health information, Flo Health is required to
[A] seek the approval of the FTC
[B] find qualified third parties
[C] remove irrelevant personal data
[D] obtain their explicit permission
39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
[A] The complexity of health information.
[B] The rapid increase in new health apps.
[C] The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
[D] The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection
[A] has been embraced by health app developers
[B] has been a focus of federal policy-making
[C] has encountered opposition in California
[D] has gained legislative support in some states
2024-11Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its
corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right
column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often
participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of
admission to a selective undergraduate institution.
However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful,s
extracurricular activities matters more than the number of activities he or she
participates in.
Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the Charles E. Smith Jewish Day
School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out the Common Application to list
10 activities in the application.
“No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars
that they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time J
Rexford wrote in an email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular
activity that is'common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing
an uncommon activity.
“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,
and so if they're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be the best at it,“ says Sara
Harberson, a college admissions consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working
on independently often impress colleges, experts say.
“For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate
skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,9, Olivia Valdes, the founder
of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.
Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidance counselor, says
unconventional extracurricular activities can help students impress college admissions
offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment. "Again, since one of the big
questions high school seniors must consider is 'What makes you unique?,9 having an
uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage,he wrote
in an email.
2024-12Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in
the college admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.
""Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a
positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where
having top grades and test scores is not enough," Katie Kelley, admissions counselor
at IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email. ''Students need to have that
quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how
the student might come and enrich their campus community.^^
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college
application are beneficial, experts suggest. 4tIf you already know your major, having
an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus," says Mayghin Levine,
the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a
Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.
High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community
through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,
says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public
high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in
Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.
[A] Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular
activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.
41. Sue Rexford [B] Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their
community are likely to win a scholarship.
42. Sara Harberson [C] Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly
be seen as a plus by colleges.
43. Katie Kelley [D] A student who exhibits abilities in doing business can
impress colleges.
44. Mayghin Levine [E] High school students participating in a popular activity
should excel in it.
45. Erica Gwyn [F] Engaging in uncommon activities can demonstrate
students9 determination and dedication.
[G] It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular
activity that is related to their future study at college.
2024-13Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with
colourful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers9
markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the
people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and
pick up fresh seasonal produce一all at the same time.
Farmers9 markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor
stalls, which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The
size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's
agricultural calendar, and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different
times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the fanners secure more profit for
their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where——and to who—their
money is going.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in
an ancient town. Write him an email to
1) put forward your plan, and
2) ask for his opinion.
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in your email; use “Li Ming,9 instead. (10 points)
2024-14Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should
1) describe and interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
某高校劳动实践课学生主要收获调查
2024-15「＜答案速查《
Section I Use of English on the preservation of old houses in the town. Thafs
my plan. I would like to know what you think about
1.C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5.A
it. Looking forward to your reply soon.
6. C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10. A
Best wishes!
11.D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C
Sincerely yours,
16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D
Li Ming
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part B
Part A
The chart shows a survey on the main gains of
21.C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D
students in the labor practice courses at a university.
26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
The result of the survey reveals the labor practice
31.C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. B
courses bring tangible benefits to students5 overall
36. A 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D
development.
Part B
Firstly, the acquisition of relevant knowledge is
41.C 42. E 43. A 44. G 45. B
the biggest advantage as 91.3% of the students listed
Section III Translation it as what they have gained. Secondly, a notable
空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位 improvement in hands-on skills stands out as a key
上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，还有友 achievement, with 84.8% of the students saying they
好交谈的嘈杂声，农贸市集就是一场感官盛宴。 have gained such a benefit. In addition, the students
农贸市集还提供了一个机会，让你可以与负责生 surveyed believe they have enhanced the capacity
产或种植食物的人交谈，支持当地经济，挑选新 for cooperation by participating in the courses and
鲜的时令农产品一可以同时做所有这些事情。 feel happy during the class.
农贸市集通常每周或每月举办一次，大多数 In my opinion, students5 engagement in the
设有户外摊位，让农民或生产者可以直接向顾客 labor practice courses holds immense significance.
出售他们的食物。市集的规模和举办频率因季节 These hands-on experiences go beyond theoretical
而异，这取决于该地区的农事历，你可能会在一 understanding and foster practical skills. This
年中的不同时间发现不同的农产品在出售。通过 practical exposure not only deepens students5 subject
省去中间商，农民可以从他们的农产品中获得更 understanding but also prepares them for future
多的利润。购买者也从中受益，他们能清楚地看 research and professional challenges. Universities
到自己的钱都花到了哪儿，付给了谁。 should have more labor practice courses.
Section IV Writing
Part A
Dear Jack,
As for the survey on the protection of old
houses in the ancient town, I'd like to put forward
my plan. Our goal is to assess the current state of the
town, identify potential risks, and suggest measures
for conservation. Therefore, we are supposed to visit
the town ourselves to observe the present situation
of the town and listen to what the local experts and
residents say about it. Secondly, we can design some
online questionnaires to acquire people's opinions
2024-16
