文档内容
第 04 讲 主旨大意题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】文章大意题的考查
【题型二】段落大意题的考查
【题型三】标题归纳题的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 文章大意的考查
1.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Like almost every set of new parents, Bryan and Elizabeth Shaw started
snapping pictures of their son, Noah, practically from the moment he was born. When he was about three months
old, Elizabeth noticed something odd.
The flash on their digital camera created the typical red dot in the center of Noah’s left eye, but the right eye
had a white spot at the center, almost as if the flash was being reflected back at the camera by something. When
Elizabeth took Noah to an eye doctor, Noah was diagnosed with retinal (视网膜) cancer with the white reflection as
a sign. He endured months of treatment, but it was too late.
Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether there were signs he’d missed. He
went back over every baby picture of Noah he could find and discovered the first white spot in a photo taken when
Noah was 12 days old. As time went on, it appeared more frequently. “By the time he was four months old, it was
showing up in 25percent of the pictures taken of him per month,” Bryan recalled.
Later, Bryan was determined to put his hard-won insights to good use. He created a database that recorded
the cancer’s appearance in every photo of Noah. He also collected photos and compiled the data from eight other
children with the same cancer. Armed with that data, he began to work with colleagues to develop a smartphone
app that can scan the photos in the user’s camera roll to search for white eye and can be used as a kind of
ophthalmoscope (眼底镜). Called White Eye Detector, it is now available for free on Google Play and in Apple’s
Apple Store.“I just kept telling myself, I really need to do this,” Bryan said. “This disease is tough to detect. Not only
could this software save vision, but it can save lives.”
What is the text mainly about?
A．How a boy lost his eye.
B．How a new app works.
C．How a father saved his son.
D．How an app came into being.
2.（24-25高三·湖南·开学考试）Bike-share systems hold the potential to reduce traffic and pollution in big cities.
While they have received considerable attention, their promise of urban transformation is far from being-fully
realized.
New research in the journal Management Science found a key reason is that while companies have focused
on bike design and technology aspects, there has been minimal research done on operational aspects such as station
density (密度) and bike-availability levels.
“Almost 80%of bike-share usage comes from areas within 1,000 feet of the bike-share stations, or roughly
four city blocks,” said Elena Belavina, one of the study authors. “Anything past 1,000 feet, potential users are
almost 60% less likely to use a station.”
The study, “Bike-Share Systems: Accessibility and Availability”, analyzes the relationship between ridership
and operational performance in bike-share design systems to achieve higher ridership.
Using data from the Velib’ system in Paris, with roughly 17,000 bikes and 950 stations, the study estimates
the impacts of two aspects of the system performance on bike-share ridership: accessibility, or how far the user
must walk to reach stations, and bike availability.
There are two impacts of availability: First, a short-term impact is that if nearby stations do not have
bicycles when a user wants to take a trip, users must go to stations farther away or abandon using bike-share.
Second, if users typically expect a lower chance of finding a bicycle, they are less likely to even consider bike share
for their trips and the system will have lower ridership in the long term.
“Most users choose to abandon using bike-share.” said Belavina. “But overall, we find that a 10%increase in
bike availability would increase ridership by more than 12%.”
Between increasing bike-availability and decreasing walking distance, the study finds that the latter has a
higher impact. Bike-share operators with limited resources must prioritize building more stations close to riders.
Where should those stations go? The authors recommend locations where there are many points of interest
and locations with lower bike availability.
What does the text focus on?
A．How to use the bike-share systems. B．How to make full use of bike-share.
C．How to raise the awareness of bike-share. D．How to estimate the impacts of bike-share.
3.（2024 高三·全国·专题练习）Guy Noble, one of Australia’s most famous conductors, who conducted the
touring concert “East Meets West”, said he’d like to learn more about Chinese music. “I’m impressed by the historyand the beauty Chinese music has,” he’s said in an interview recently.
“East Meets West” concert tour in Australia was resumed this year after being postponed twice due to the
pandemic. It was hosted in Canberra last Saturday, bringing audiences some well-known Chinese and Western
pieces such as Jasmine Flower, Carmen, Romeo and Juliet, and The Yellow River.
While it was called “East Meets West”, music from China and the West with the same themes was brought
together. Chinese singer Ya Fen and Australian singer Victoria Lambourn performed a duet (二重唱) Hope
Betrayed, which was inspired by the Chinese classic novel A Dream of Red Mansions. Noble said he loved the duet
as it showed completely different singing styles: traditional Chinese opera style and Western opera style. “They’re
not exactly the same, but they came together,” he said.
Having been a professional conductor for more than 20 years, Noble called music an international language.
He noted that most music at the concert was about love, which was also an international language. He also spoke
highly of some Chinese musicians, such as pianist Lang Lang who he thought has inspired many kids in China to
learn music.
Noble admitted his knowledge of Chinese culture was limited. He said that conducting the Canberra concert
was “an experience that I’ve enjoyed”, which made him more interested in discovering the background and history
of the music, as well as the stories behind it. Noble is ready to create more things that can involve dance or
calligraphy or some of the other aspects of Chinese culture, and put them together with music.
Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Guy Noble: A Famous Australian Conductor
B．An Australian’s Passion for Chinese Culture
C．Music: A Bridge to Understanding Each Other
D．The Cooperation Between Foreign Musicians
题型二 段落大意题的考查
1.（2024·广东·模拟预测）
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme.
Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills.
Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of
handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing
but also for typing.
What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Difficulties faced by the disabled.
B．Unreasonableness of forbidding typing.
C．The research-tested benefits of typing.
D．The longtime advocacy for handwriting.
2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）The Great Book Swap......
There are many times I’d like to go buy new books, but I don’t have a lot of money to spend on them.
Wouldn’t it be great to swap books right here in our community? Volunteers will organize the donated books. Then
the books will be displayed at the community center. Everyone will be able to read and hopefully find the perfect
book. Students will be allowed to choose up to two books during each day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book
swap the first Saturday of every month.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．How the book swap will work.
B．When books will be brought in.
C．What kinds of books are needed.
D．Why the book swap is necessary.
3.（2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟试题）
......
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be
quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on
experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin
offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs
certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
4What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The past and the present of libraries. B．The reason for the change of libraries.
C．The activities for young children in libraries. D．The connection between libraries and readers.
4.（2024·湖南长沙·高三阶段练习）
Despite being connected online, no matter what state you’re from, each city still retains its own language and
slang. At my public high school in Los Angeles, we had our own secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was
a “brewsky”. If I tried to use these words in front of anyone that didn’t live in Los Angeles, they would have no
idea what was going on. When I came to college and used these words around my roommate from the East Coast,
she would look at me with a blank stare.
......
Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect
people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. I have often found
it’s the way we connect with the people we live around.
What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．The means of communication. B．The nature of communication.
C．The elements of communication. D．The process of communication.
5.（2024·全国高三模拟试题）English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in
grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but
French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As
a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s
helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However,
the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels (元音). For example,
“bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in the 1400s, before changing through the years to its current sound. The
effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but over 44 individual sounds depending on the variation of spoken
English. There are several sounds represented by only one letter. For example, the letter “C” can sound like an “S”
as in “city”. And it also sounds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are only 5 or 6 vowel letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. But
there are 20 different ways to sound them. At the centre is the most common vowel sound of “uhhh”. It is the most
relaxed and natural sound. It takes almost no effort of the tongue or throat to create the sound. Since it takes little
effort, the sound “uhhh” often makes its way into pronunciations. For example, the word “please” often turns into
“PUH-lease” when someone is trying to call attention. This is another reason why spelling in English is so difficult!
What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The complex history of English.
B．The formation of modern English.
C．The influence of English on other languages.
D．Factors promoting the development of English.
6.（2024年湖北武汉校考练习）
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place.
Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small
songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a
combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
What is the first paragraph mainly about? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats. B．It talks about migration models.
C．It compares different species. D．It introduces a tracking technology.
题型三 标题归纳题的考查
1. （2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）
There’s a site in Cornwall, in southern England, called Woodland Valley Farm. Here, farmer Chris Jones
allows beavers (河狸) to wander in an enclosed five-acre plot. Their natural dams, he says, have helped control
repeated flooding of the downstream village.
Centuries after beavers were hunted to extinction in Britain, efforts are now underway by environmentaliststo reintroduce the creature. “Sometimes they can really be annoying; they can mess everything up,” says Christof
Angst, an official consultant of be aver management. “But if you look at it on the whole, the positive impact of this
species is huge.” Some of the benefits of beavers’ work on a landscape include a boost to biodiversity, drought
resistance, and improvement of water quality by moving pollutants.
Yet, as the animals’ return becomes increasingly widespread, the debate is shifting from whether to bring
them back to a question of how to manage them once they start appearing in waterways. The consequences of
bringing beavers back are not all positive, the most common one being the flooding they can cause, rather than
reduce. In addition, critics point to the high costs of beaver-felled trees and be aver reintroduction programs.“Who’s
going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a
farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.”
To avoid conflicts, organizers have fenced in beaver-related projects. The beavers are not permitted to
wander freely beyond the fences. The government has also put together a beaver management strategy framework,
which advises communication and listening, in an effort to clear up misunderstandings and concerns. When
beavers do cause issues, available options will be provided, including modifying the dams, reducing water levels, or
relocating the animals.
“What we want to direct people towards is coexistence with wildlife and nature,” saysEva Bishop, head of
communications and education at the Beaver Trust. “We need to encourage people to give space for nature to
function.”
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Increasing Beavers Raise the Alarm
B．Conflicts with Beavers Keep Arising
C．Wildlife Conservation Sees a Policy Shift
D．Beaver Projects Offer Coexistence Lessons
2. （2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）
Nowadays, people are increasingly interacting with others in social media environments where algorithms
control the flow of social information they see. People’s interactions with online algorithms may affect how they
learn from others, with negative consequences including social misperceptions, conflict and the spread of
misinformation.
On social media platforms, algorithms are mainly designed to amplify (放大) information that sustains
engagement, meaning they keep people clicking on content and coming back to the platforms. There is evidence
suggesting that a side effect of this design is that algorithms amplify information people are strongly biased (偏向
的) to learn from. We call this information “PRIME”, for prestigious, in-group, moral and emotional information.
In our evolutionary past, biases to learn from PRIME information were very advantageous: Learning from
prestigious individuals is efficient because these people are successful and their behavior can be copied. Paying
attention to people who violate moral norms is important because punishing them helps the community maintain
cooperation. But what happens when PRIME information becomes amplified by algorithms and some people
exploit (利用) algorithm amplification to promote themselves? Prestige becomes a poor signal of success becausepeople can fake prestige on social media. News become filled with negative and moral information so that there is
conflict rather than cooperation.
The interaction of human psychology and algorithm amplification leads to disfunction because social
learning supports cooperation and problem-solving, but social media algorithms are designed to increase
engagement. We call it functional mismatch. One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to
form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests
that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-
group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important
source of greater political conflict.
So what’s next? A key question is what can be done to make algorithms facilitate accurate human social
learning rather than exploit social learning biases. Some research team is working on new algorithm designs that
increase engagement while also punishing PRIME information. This may maintain user activity that social media
platforms seek, but also make people’s social perceptions more accurate.
What is the best title of the text?
A．PRIME information meets with misperceptions
B．Algorithms control the flow of social information
C．Social media algorithms twist human social learning
D．Online algorithm designs face unexpected challenges
3.（2024·天津实验中学·阶段练习）Before the end of the year, employees at Ubiquitous Energy, a company in
Redwood City, Calif, will gather in a window-lined conference room to stare toward the future. That’s because their
new glass windows will offer more than an amazing view of the mountains and blue skies of the North California
landscape. They will also function as solar panels (太阳能电池板), able to power the company’s lights, computers
and air conditioners.
Several years in the making, Ubiquitous’ energy-producing glass is a great technological achievement whose
power lies in the layers of organic polymers (聚合物) between sheets of glass. As light enters the window, the flow
of electrons between the polymer layers creates an electric current, which is then collected by tiny wires in the
glass.
“It’s sort of like a transparent (透明的) computer display run backwards,” says Veeral Hardev, director of
business development at Ubiquitous Energy. “That is, instead of electricity being sent to different points in a
display to light them up, light is producing electricity to be sent out of different points in the window.”
Right now the windows produce about a third as much electricity from a given amount of sunlight as the
typical solar batteries used in roof panels (板), and these windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, don’t
work as well as transparent ones. But those standards are already enough to make the windows a promising
product, says Hardev, adding the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. As for the lower
output of electricity, he notes that windows can cover a much greater surface area than a roof, so numerous
windows will produce a surprisingly larger amount of electricity than the production from a rooftop full of higher-
efficiency solar panels. “You could do both.” says Hardev. “But you’ll get more from the windows. The biggestchallenge, he adds, is to make the windows from less than two square feet currently to about 50 square feet.”
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Windows: A New Challenge of Technology
B．Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the Light
C．Power: A Pressing Problem in the Near Future
D．Power: Not Enough from Rooftop Solar Panels
4.（2024·北京·三模）
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has occurred ever
since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race managed to survive it. Why
should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time? Moreover, people like war, and
will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice.
Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present,
it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long,
offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never
be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon
international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most
skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to
change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe
this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at
worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of
them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It
has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the
world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to
be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach
agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that
the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．War or No War, That Is A Question
B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race
C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration
D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts
5.（2024·北京八中·模拟预测）Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing,
hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded
making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculturewhere farmers listen for water-starved crops.
Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made
cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.
Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100
kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as
far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers
suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate.
......
What is the best title for the article?
A．Plants Get Stressed Just Like Us
B．Plants Scream in Presence of Stress
C．Sounds of Plants Detected Far Away
D．Sounds of Plants Break Farmers’ Hearts
题型 阅读理解
A
（2024·福建厦门·模拟预测）When you try a new restaurant or book a hotel, do you consider the online reviews?
Do you submit online reviews yourself? Do you pay attention if they are filtered (过滤)? Does that impact your
own online review submissions?
In 2010, Yelp shared a video to help users understand how its review filter works and why it was necessary.
In recently published research, T. Ravichandran, Ph. D．from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his team
compared reviews of over 1,000 restaurants on Yelp to those same restaurants on TripAdvisor, which did not openly
share its review filter policies. They found that the number of reviews submitted to Yelp decreased. Those
submissions were increasingly negative and shorter in length compared to TripAdvisor. Also, the more positive a
review, the shorter it was.
“Platforms are pressured to have content guidelines and take measures to prevent fraud (欺诈) and ensure
that reviews are reliable and helpful,” said Ravichandran. Platforms use advanced software to flag and filter
reviews. Once a review is flagged, it is filtered out and not displayed, and it is not factored into the overall rating
for a business. “However, most platforms do not openly disclose their policies, leading consumers to suspect that
reviews are controlled to increase profit by filtering so-called dishonest content,” Ravichandran added.
Whether or not to disclose review filters is a critical decision for platforms with many considerations. Users
may put less time and effort into their reviews if they suspect that they have a significant chance of being filtered,
or they may do the opposite to make their reviews less likely to be filtered. Since most false reviews are overlypositive, users may assume that positive reviews are most likely to be filtered and act accordingly.
“Review moderation(审核) openness comes at a cost,”said Ravichandran. “Although openness helps to
position a platform as fair toward advertisers, the resultant decrease in the number of reviews submitted impacts the
platform’s usefulness to consumers.” Online reviews pose great opportunity for firms, but also raise complex
questions. Platforms must earn the trust of users without sacrificing engagement.
1．What did Ravichandran’s research find?
A．Positive submissions to Yelp went up.
B．TripAdvisor adopted better filter policies.
C．Reviews on TripAdvisor dropped in number.
D．Yelp’s practice discouraged longer reviews.
2．Why do platforms use advanced software for reviews?
A．To increase net profit. B．To protect user privacy.
C．To guarantee review reliability. D．To improve business reputation.
3．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Users. B．Reviews. C．Considerations. D．Platforms.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Enhance User Trust Through Review Moderation
B．To Filter Online Reviews? Think Before You Start
C．How Review Moderation Openness Shapes User Conduct
D．Online Reviews: Filter the Fraud, But Don’t Tell Us How
B
（23-24高三·云南昆明·阶段练习）Kishiki Noriyo pulls up outside a house in Akashi, a city in western
Japan in a truck with a heart logo and the slogan: “Diaper delivery: we also deliver kindness.” She steps out with
two bags of diapers (尿布). Higuchi Miki, a young mother appears at the front door with a baby. Ms Kishiki is on
the front line of a ten-year push by Akashi to encourage its residents to have children. It includes delivering free
baby food and diapers, free medical care and school lunches. The effort seems to be paying off. Akashi's population
has increased for ten years in a row, to more than 300,000.
This makes the town exceptional. Japan's birth rate was below the replacement level of 2.1 children per
woman in the mid-1970s and has been steadily declining ever since. Many barriers to young Japanese forming
families, from high education costs to inflexible family laws can only be tackled with national policies. But Akashi
shows how local communities can make a difference. That starts with improving access to nurseries and day care,
and smaller projects such as Ms Kishiki's, also help.
Kato Hisakazu of Meiji University thinks Japan “needs to foster a culture that is generous to children”.
Efforts to build more child-care facilities are often blocked by locals who worry about increased noise. Tanaka
Yumi, a mother of two, says young Japanese parents are used to receiving a “cold look” from their unsympathetic
neighbors. But the abundance of young families in the town and the supportive policies of its local administration
provide comfort.Akashi's pro-child efforts are intended to drive the same cultural change. Morioka Kazumi of the town's
child-care department says the diaper deliveries are more about “reducing loneliness” than the goods themselves.
Ms Higuchi, the young mother, appreciates that. “It's nice when someone checks on me,” she says. “It makes me
feel I'm on the right track.”
5．What can be inferred about Kishiki Noriyo?
A．She delivers paid medical care.
B．She assists families with children.
C．She sees no prospect of her hard work.
D．She struggles with work as a young mother.
6．What do Akashi's efforts suggest?
A．Young couples are still hesitant about having babies.
B．National policies are inadequate in improving low birth rate.
C．The town becomes world-famous for the increasing population.
D．Local communities can contribute a lot in encouraging baby births.
7．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Japanese parents suffer from loneliness.
B．Japanese are not tolerant enough of children.
C．Child-care facilities are in great need in Akashi.
D．More and more young families have moved to Akashi.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Diaper Delivery Reduces Mums’ Stress
B．Japan Makes Plans to Increase Baby Births
C．Akashi Turns the Low Birth Rate for Higher
D．The Young Face Barriers in Forming Families
1.（2024年新高考I卷）
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am
ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally
laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing
number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western
treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He becameinterested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing
drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he
improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So,
after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she
was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to
keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more
easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication,
he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from
30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal.
That’s my job.”
What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
2.（2024年阅读理解C篇）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of
travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce
the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
3.（2024年北京卷阅读理解D篇）
Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code ofearly humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken
to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other
groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily
leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the
Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may
vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while
cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising
religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms
for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of
others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape
our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts
motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.
Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and
dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar
in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is
inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence
self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-
solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for
language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
4.（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally ordeliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
5.（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
What is a suitable title for the text?
A．To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
6.（2022年全国乙卷C篇）
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
7.（2022年全国甲卷B篇）
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D．Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters
8.（2022年北京卷D篇）Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on
how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had
exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone
who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
9.（2021年全国甲卷D篇）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission tothe genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
10.（2021年新高考I卷C篇）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
.
A The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
11.（2021年新高考II卷C篇）
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
,
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
12.（2021年浙江卷6月B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free TimeC. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
