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选择性必修第三册 UNIT 7 CAREERS(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
(2024·福建莆田质检)
Activities for National Manufacturing Day
The STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics) Careers Coalition(职业联
盟 ) offers students and families new STEM resources to explore the world of modern
manufacturing.With over 4 million manufacturing roles predicted to be available in the next ten
years，the new resources from the coalition connect today’s students to the manufacturing
careers of tomorrow.
National Manufacturing Day occurs on annually the first Friday of October to motivate
today’s students to become the next generation of innovators leading the manufacturing
industry.In order to support this celebration，the coalition offers three different collections to all
students，educators，and families on modern manufacturing that support learning wherever it
takes place.The following resources are available to all at no cost：
Manufacturing-focused Career Profiles
Explore the profiles of manufacturing professionals using the skills they learned at school to
become the kind of problem-solvers that make a difference.Make the connection from the
classroom to careers and find out how all students can make it in manufacturing.
Hands-on Student Activities
From innovating food packaging to discovering the principles of accurate design to exploring
water sustainability，at-home，hands-on learning activities help students take STEM skills from
theory to practice.
Classroom Activities
Access the no-cost，standard classroom activities to support future career success for all
students.Each activity features important STEM skills and a step-by-step guide for promoting
activities into classroom.
Virtual Interactive Field Trips
Each virtual experience features accompanying educator resources and student activities that
make it easy for teachers to put these manufacturing events into the learning experiences they
design and deliver daily.
All resources are available at no cost at stemcareerscoalition.org.
1．What is the purpose of the STEM Careers Coalition?
A．To count the vacant jobs in manufacturing.
B．To guide students to work on manufacturing.C．To report the current state of manufacturing.
D．To offer students pre-job training in manufacturing.
2．Which activity will introduce manufacturing masters to students?
A．Classroom Activities. B．Hands-on Student Activities.
C．Virtual Interactive Field Trips. D．Manufacturing-focused Career Profiles.
3．What do the activities have in common?
A．The activities are free of charge. B．All of the activities are virtual.
C．Only students practice in the activities. D．The activities are only experienced online.
B(★)
(2024·湖南岳阳校际联考)
Jobs that use both technical and creative thinking are among the fastest-growing and highest-
paying ones，according to a new report from Burning Glass Technologies，a job market analytic
company in Boston.
It studied millions of job postings to better understand the skills companies require.What they
discovered was that many want workers with experience in such new abilities as big-data gathering
and analytic，or design using digital technology.
Burning Glass came up with the term “hybrid jobs” to describe these kinds of positions，
which require skills not normally found together.For example，these hybrid jobs might require
people with skills in data science and advertising，or engineering and sales.“The jobs of the
future don’t involve just one skill，” says Matt Sigelman，chief manager of Burning Glass.
The company expects general job growth of about 10% between 2018 and 2028，but the
hybrid jobs by 21%.What’s more，hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional
set of skills.For example，a marketing manager mastering a database program gets paid 41% more
than a traditional one，with an average yearly salary of $100,000.Moreover，an engineer who
improves her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for a software company can more than
double her pay from $180,000 to $400,000.
While data shows that workers who fail to update their skills will be able to find fewer jobs，
people in hybrid jobs are less likely to become out of date，with only 12% possibility of being
replaced by machine，compared with 42% for general jobs，says Burning Glass.Hybrid jobs are
mostly not beginner roles，so they mainly go to workers with years of experience and，most
importantly，more training after leaving college.That means workers，bosses and educators will
have to think about how to better prepare people for these roles.
4．Why did Burning Glass research into job advertisements?
A．To understand the growth of best-paid workers.
B．To compare workers’ experience with new abilities.
C．To find out companies’ requirements about skills.
D．To tell the possible changes in future job market.5．Which of the following jobs can be hybrid?
A．Data engineer. B．Machine operator. C．Marketing manager. D．Medical consultant.
6．How much is a traditional marketing manager possibly paid every year?
A．$180,000. B．$71,000. C．$41,000. D．$10,000.
7．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Future Jobs Requiring “Hybrid” Skills B．How to Get Trained for Jobs
C．Tips on Finding Fastest-growing Jobs D．The Jobs with Highest Pay
C
To the Swedes，there are few smells more pleasant than that of surstromming(鲜鱼罐头)．To
most non-Swedes there are probably few smells more disgusting.In determining which scent(气味)
people find pleasant and which they do not，surstromming suggests culture must play a large part.
New research ， however ， suggests that might not be the case.Artin Arshamian ， a
psychologist，began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining
pleasant smells.They had noticed from their own previous work that people from different cultures
described smells differently.They also knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture
was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.Thus，they expected to
see a similar phenomenon with smells.
To study how scent and culture relate，Dr.Arshamian and Dr.Majid presented nine different
groups of people with ten smells.The participants varied widely.They included hunters，farmers，
gardeners ， and city folk.All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to
pleasantness.The team compared their results to earlier work on New Yorkers who had been
exposed to the same scent.
The researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the smells were remarkably consistent
regardless of where people came from.Overall，the chemical composition of the smells that the
researchers presented explained 41% of the reactions that participants had.In contrast，cultural
factors accounted for just 6% of the results.Dr.Arshamian and Dr.Majid point out that this is very
different from how visual perception(感知) of faces works—in that case a person’s culture
accounts for 50% of the explanation for which faces they find beautiful.
While culture did not shape perception of smells in the way that it is known to shape
perception of faces，the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect.Randomness，
which the researchers suggest has to be coming from personal preferences learned from outside
individual culture，accounted for 54% of the difference in which smells people liked.The “eye of
the beholder” effect does not slip off the tongue so easily but it appears to be a real phenomenon
also.
8．Why did the author mention the Swedes in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To show Swedes’ favourite scent.
C．To stress the part of culture. D．To illustrate people’s preference for scent.9．Which is TRUE according to the results of the study?
A．The team didn’t refer to earlier work on New Yorkers.
B．The subjects in the study came from the same culture.
C．Where people came from didn’t impact the pleasantness rankings of the smells.
D．Cultural factors accounted for 5% on how visual perception(感知) of faces works.
10．What can we learn from the “eye of the beholder” effect?
A．For Swedes，few smells are more pleasant than that of surstromming.
B．People find faces beautiful differently because of their identical cultures.
C．The “eye of the beholder” effect is a mistake different from its original meaning.
D．Personal preferences have nothing to do with people’s preferences for scent.
11．Where is the passage most likely from?
A．A news report. B．A biology textbook. C．A diet brochure. D．A science magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Talent is believed to be
crucial for building a strong team. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is
their money well spent?
2 They focused on football，basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football
and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point
where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level，the team’s performance begins to
decline.Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball，where additional individual talent
keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon ， the researchers explored the degree to which a good
performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball，
the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when
task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while
individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is
lower.If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take
a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team’s
performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in
TEAM.” 4
Another possibility is that too much talent on a team can lead to decreased motivation and
effort from some players.Just as in a game of tug of war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is
added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
5 An A-team may require a balance—not just A players，but a few generous B players
as well.
A．It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
