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1985 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if
inserted at the place marked. Put your choice. in the brackets on the left. (15 points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1. The travellers sought shelter ________ the rain and happened to find a roadside inn.
[A] from
[B] by
[C] for
[D] with
2. To our delight, she quickly adapted herself ________ the situation.
[A] with
[B] to
[C] of
[D] into
3. The key________ success is hard work and persistence.
[A] on
[B] for
[C] to
[D] of
4. "Do you regret paying A five hundred dollars for the painting?"
"No, I would, gladly have paid ________ for it."
[A] twice so much
[B] twice as much
[C] as much twice
[D] so much twice
5. This pair of shoes isn’t good, but that pair is ________ better.
[A] rather
1[B] less
[C] ever
[D] hardly
6. ________ do we go for picnics.
[A] Certainly
[B] Sometimes
[C] Seldom
[D] Once
7. Kunming is usually cool in the summer, but Shanghai ________.
[A] is rarely
[B] scarcely is
[C] hardly is
[D] rarely is
8. A university is an educational institution which awards degrees and ________ research.
[A] carries out
[B] carries through
[C] carries off
[D] carries about
9. On entering another country, a tourist will have to ________ the Customs.
[A] pass through
[B] pass by
[C] pass over
[D] pass for
10. The old lady can't hope to ________ her cold in a few days.
[A] get away
[B] get off
[C] get out
[D] get over
11. Will you ________ my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?
[A] look after
[B] look through
[C] look up
[D] look into
12. "Where should I send my application?"
"The Personnel Office is the place ________."
2[A] to send it
[B] sent it to
[C] to send it to
[D] for sending it
13. David, something important has happened. I wish to ________.
[A] talk it over with you
[B] talk over it
[C] ta1k over
[D] talk you over it
14. I was advised ________ for reservations.
[A] to either telephone or to write the hotel
[B] either to telephone or to write the hotel
[C] that I should telephone or either write the hotel
[D] I ought either to telephone or write the hotel
15. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
[A] For now
[B] Since that
[C] Now that
[D] By now
Section II Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose
the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making
your choices. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
For instance, the automobile tunnel might ______ huge ventilation problems.
[A] make
[B] bring
[C] raise
[D] create
ANSWER: [D]
大16家
When I was about twelve, I suddenly developed a great passion writing poetry. I gave up
大17家 大18家
all my other hobbies, suchas stamps, and spent all my time reading poetry and writing
大19家
it. This habit of writing poetry on every possible soon got me into trouble at school. If a
lesson did not interest me, I would take out my notebook and start writing poems in class. Of course I
大20家
did this very , but it was not long before I got caught. One day while I was busy writing a poem
3during a geography lesson, I looked up to find the teacher standing over me, fuming with anger because
大21家 大22家
I was not attention. He tore the poem up, with a not to waste time in his lesson.
All the same I was convinced that I had written a good poem, so that evening I wrote it out again from
memory. Not long after, I read about a poetry contest and I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later, long
大23家
after I had given up hope, I got a letter informing me I had won first . Everyone at school was
大24家
very impressed — except the geography teacher, who me more carefully than ever. He was quite
大25家
that I was not going to write poetry in his lesson!
16. [A] for
[B] in
[C] on
[D] at
17. [A] arranging
[B] collecting
[C] gathering
[D] keeping
18. [A] additional
[B] extra
[C] other
[D] spare
19. [A] chance
[B] moment
[C] occasion
[D] time
20. [A] anxiously
[B] attentively
[C] cautiously
[D] silently
21. [A] calling
[B] devoting
[C] attracting
[D] paying
22. [A] warning
[B] notice
[C] word
4[D] look
23. [A] position
[B] prize
[C] reward
[D] victory
24. [A] guarded
[B] inspected
[C] observed
[D] watched
25. [A] determined
[B] annoyed
[C] fixed
[D] assured
Section III Reading Comprehension
Each sentence or passage below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which
can be made from the information given in the original sentence or passage. Read them carefully and make
your choice. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
[A] You should get up when he comes in.
[B] You should support him.
[C] You shouldn't be afraid to argue with him.
[D] You must be of the same height as he is.
ANSWER: [B]
26. Watch your step when your turn comes to have an interview with the general manager.
[A] When you are asked to see the general manager, be sure not to step into his office without his
permission.
[B] Watch the steps when you go upstairs to see the general manager at his office.
[C] Be sure to be careful when it is your turn to go to the general manager's office for an interview
with him.
[D]Watchoutanddon'tstepintothegeneralmanager'sofficeuntilitisyourturntohaveaninterview
with him.
27. Since no additional fund is available, the extension of the building is out of the question.
[A]Theextensionofthebuildingisimpossiblebecauseweareunabletogetextrafundforthepurpose.
[B] There is some problem about the extension of the building owing to lack of fund.
[C] Since no additional fund is available, we have to solve the problem regarding the extension of
the building with our own resources.
[D] We can undertake the extension of the building even without additional fund. It is no problem
5at all.
28. All along he has been striving not to fall short of his parents' expectations.
[A] He has been trying hard all the time to live up to what his parents expect of him.
[B] His parents have been expecting him to work hard.
[C] All the time he has been trying hard to balance himself so as not to fall down as his parents
thought he would.
[D] All the time, as his parents expect him to do, he has been trying hard to save and not to be
short of money.
29. The various canals which drain away the excessive water have turned this piece of land into a highly
productive agricultural area.
[A] The canals have been used to water the land.
[B] The canals have been used to raise agricultural production.
[C] Excessive water has been helpful to agricultural production.
[D] The production has been mainly agricultural.
30. The replacement of man by machines has not led to unemployment. On the contrary, the total numbers
engaged in the textile industry have continued to rise. The fact should not be ignored by those who
maintain that unemployment and machinery are inseparable companions.
[A] The belief that the use of machinery causes unemployment is unfounded.
[B] The use of machinery results in a rise in production.
[C] Many people lose their jobs when machines are introduced.
[D] Contrary to general belief, machinery and unemployment are inseparable companions.
Section IV Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in the brackets
on the left. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six houses.
[A] ended
[B] finished
[C] was
[D] lasted
ANSWER: [D]
31. He thought the painting was of little ________, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.
[A] cost
[B] value
[C] price
[D] expenses
32. Tennis is a ________ invented by an Englishman one hundred years ago.
6[A] game
[B] play
[C] contest
[D] match
33. It was with great delight that I read in your February ________ the letter to the Editor written by
Prof. Johnson.
[A] issue
[B] printing
[C] magazine
[D] copy
34. The current political ________ of our country is favourable for foreign investments.
[A] climate
[B] weather
[C] temperature
[D] state
35. Smith drove all the ________ to Los Angeles and was just in time for the 23rd Olympiad.
[A] way
[B] road
[C] journey
[D] trip
36. It's a very popular play, and it would be wise to ________ seats well in advance.
[A] book
[B] buy
[C] provide
[D] take
37. The children will not be allowed to come with us if they don't ________ themselves.
[A] guide
[B] behave
[C] act
[D] direct
38. The Customs officer didn't bother to ________ our luggage.
[A] control
[B] check
[C] ask
[D] glance
39. After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels ________.
7[A] exhaustive
[B] exhausting
[C] exhaust
[D] exhausted
40. What I am telling you is strictly ________. Don't let anyone know of it.
[A] secretive
[B] special
[C] individual
[D] confidential
Section V Error-detection and Correction
Eachquestionconsistsof asentencewithfourunderlinedparts(words orphrases).These partsarelabeled
[A],[B],[C],and[D]. Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoicein thebrackets
on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase
on the line following the brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because there’s hardly something left.
A B C D
ANSWER: [C] anything
41. I'm sure Betsy is the very girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted to.
A B C D
42. Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer qualify him for his job.
A B C D
43. Under no circumstances we should do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of
A B C D
the state.
44. The dentist said that if my tooth went worse I should have to have it pull out.
A B C D
45. sitting up late last night, Tom not only read the assignment but also many poems by
A B C
one of his favourite poets.
D
46. How I wish John knew how to apply grammaticalrules properlyand recognize the fact thathe isnearly
A B C
always in the wrong.
D
47. The population of many metropolitan cities has more than doubled it in the past decade.
A B C D
848. Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decrease it.
A B C D
49. Astronauts can be affected byloneliness.They may have to sit inthespacecraftforweekswithvery
A B
little to do and no one to talk.
C D
50. One of the articles is interesting, informative, and it is easy to read.
A B C D
Section VI Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appoint) for this college.
ANSWER: (should) be appointed
51. I foundthatmycheatinginyesterday'sEnglishtest________(report)tomyparentsthatvery evening.
52. While Jane ________ (carry) a pail of milk from the barn to the kitchen, she spilled some of it on
her skirt.
53. If it wasn't an accident, he ________ (do) it on purpose.
54. You'regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractice________(speak)Englishasmuchaspossible.
55. When ________ (see) through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.
56. While he was in the army, he learned English, which ________ (help) him a lot in his work there.
57. They were envious of George because of his ________ (make) captain of the team.
58. Many of the world's great novels are reported ________ (make) into films last year.
59. When the bell sounded, the boys rushed out of the classroom, each ________ (carry) a number of new
books under his arm.
60. The students ________ (do) all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
61. 这项计划和原来的计划比起来，要完整得多。
62. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
63. 你对下一步该做些什么，清楚了吗？
964. 在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。
65. 他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Chooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)
(1)
Television is now playing a very important part in our life. But television, like other things, has
both advantages and disadvantages. Do the former outweigh the latter?
In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a
comparatively cheap one. (66) For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper
to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of
amusement elsewhere. (67) They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the
opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. (68) All they have to do is press a
button,andtheycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionpoliticaldiscussions
and the latest exciting football match. (69) Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where
the danger lies. The television viewer takes no initiative. He makes no choice and exercises no judgment.
(70) He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part.
(71) Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the
latest developments in science and politics, and offers and endless series of programs which are both
instructive and entertaining. The most distant countries and the strangest custom are brought right into
one's sitting-room. (72) It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on
television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there a danger. We get so used
to looking at it, so dependent on its flickering pictures, that it begins to dominate our lives.
There are many other arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its programs is often
criticized. But it is undoubtedly a great comfort to many lonely elderly people. And does it corrupt or
instruct our children? I think we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. (73)
It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to society.
(2)
An office is the "Brain" of a business. (74) In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled
which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. These
figures guide the managers by telling them what has happened and what is happening.
Informationcomesintoanofficeinallsortsofwaysbutthemainitemsofinformationcomeinregularly.
(75) It is part of the job of the clerks to collect and classify that information and to put it into such
a form that it is easily interpreted and understood. Offices collect information then they classify it.
Thisworkofcollectioniscommoninanofficefromthesortingofmaileverymorningtotheaccountant's
work in finding out the final figure for the year's profit. (76) Classification always requires the
arrangement of the same kind of information, often into lists or columns. (77) For this work, correctness,
accuracy and speed, as in all office work, are essential.
There is no value, however, in collecting figures which mean nothing. Figures are guides which should
help we make decisions. (78) The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success
or failure lies, where profit can be had and where losses occur. (79) On this kind of information and
from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy.
A firm which has three factories may find, for instance, from its figures, that one factory is losing
moneyandachoicemayliebetweeneitherachangeofmanager,acutinproduction,anincreaseinproduction
10or closure of the factory. Whichever one of these decisions is taken becomes the policy. (80) It is clear
that a decision leading to a policy can only be as good as the information on which it is based.
Consequently there is a constant search for more and more exact information. (81) Managers will want
to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek
for more and more information.
111985 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)
1. [A] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [B] 5. [D]
6. [C] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [A] 10. [D]
11. [B] 12. [C] 13. [A] 14. [B] 15. [C]
Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)
16. [A] 17. [B] 18. [D] 19. [C] 20. [C]
21. [D] 22. [A] 23. [B] 24. [D] 25. [A]
Section III: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
26. [C] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [B] 30. [A]
Section IV: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
31. [B] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [A] 35. [A]
36. [A] 37. [B] 38. [B] 39. [D] 40. [D]
Section V: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)
41. [D] with 42. [C] qualifies
43. [B] should we 44. [D] pulled
45. [B] read not only 46. [C] recognized
47. [C] doubled 48. [D] decreasing
49. [D] to talk to/with 50. [C] easy
Section VI: Verb Forms (10 points)
51. was reported / had been reported 52. was carrying
53. must have down 54. speaking
55. seen 56. helped
57. having been made / being made 58. to have been made
59. carrying 60. having done
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
61. Compared with the original one, this plan is far more complete.
62. Only in this way can we catch up with the world's advanced levels in science and technology.
63. Are you clear about what you should do next?
64. InoldChina,therewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.
65. What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)
(1)
1266. 譬如，对于一个四口之家，舒舒服服地坐在家里收看电视，就能看到几乎是数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别
的地方去消遣便宜得多，方便的多。
67. 他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院，或歌剧院买价钱很高的戏票，结果他们也许还会发现所演出的节目很令人失望。
68. 他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出，更不用说各种政治辩论和
最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。
69. 可是，有些人则坚持认为这恰恰是危险的所在。
70. 看电视的人是完全被动的，他可以毫不费力就能看到所播放的每一个节目。
71. 人们常说，电视能使一个人对时事了如指掌，随时了解科学和政治方面的最新发展。同时还能源源不断地为观
众提供各种既有教育意义又带有娱乐性的节目。
72. 可能会有人提出无线电广播也同样能做到这一点；但在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。
73. 电视对社会的价值取决于我们怎样去利用它。
(2)
74. 在办公室里，人们将各种数据、表格和资料（信息）加以汇编以便让经理们或企业的主管人员了解他们的商店
或工厂目前正在发生的情况。
75. 职员们的一部分任务就是手机这种资料（信息）将它分类并制成这样一份表格，这份表格要能是这种资料（信
息）易于解释，易于理解。
76. 分类工作始终需要将同样的资料加以整理，往往是将它们列成表格或专栏。
77. 对于这种工作来说，像所有的办公室工作一样，正确性、准确性和速度是必不可少的。
78. 对资料（信息）和报表所做的解释，应能给我们显示出成败之所在哪里可以有盈利以及哪里出现了亏损。
79. 根据这种资料（信息）和那些已知的数据，就能作出一种选择，而一系列这样的选择就能形成一项决策。
80. 很显然，形成决策的那个决定的好坏，只能取决于它所依据的资料（信息）的好坏。
81. 经理们必定需要在掌握一切必要的情况之后才能作出最佳的决定。对他们来说，要求得到越来越多的资料（信
息）是很正常的。
131984 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if
inserted at the place marked. Put your choice. in the brackets on the left. (15 points)
EXAMPLE:
To test his theory, the scientist set ________ an experiment.
[A] up
[B] out
[C] upon
[D] forth
ANSWER: [A]
1. I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
2. I promise to look ________ the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.
[A] into
[B] for
[C] in
[D] after
3. They left prior ________ our arrival.
[A] at
[B] to
[C] by
[D] of
4. The teacher has repeatedly reminded him ________ it.
[A] of
[B] for
[C] with
[D] to
5. He is indifferent ________ hardships and dangers.
[A] of
[B] at
[C] in
14[D] to
6. During that hard winter, the workers in Detroit went ________ strike.
[A] into
[B] in
[C] on
[D] to
7. John did it ________ his will.
[A] at
[B] in
[C] to
[D] against
8. Come and see me whenever ________.
[A] you are convenient
[B] you will be convenient
[C] it is convenient to you
[D] it will be convenient to you
9. This ________ girl is Mary's cousin.
[A] pretty little Swedish
[B] Swedish little pretty
[C] Swedish pretty little
[D] little pretty Swedish
10. It isn't quite ________ that he will be present at the meeting.
[A] sure
[B] right
[C] certain
[D] exact
11. Why is there ________ traffic on the streets in February than in May?
[A] less
[B] fewer
[C] few
[D] little
12. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quiet environment.
[A] before all
[B] first of all
15[C] after all
[D] above all
13. His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place ________.
[A] in ease
[B] at ease
[C] with ease
[D] with easiness
14. Let us try to use our intellect to ________.
[A] the fullest benefit
[B] the best use
[C] the highest profit
[D] the greatest advantage
15. They did not find ________ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.
[A] worth their while
[B] it worthwhile
[C] it worth
[D] it worthy
16. You will soon ________ this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.
[A] get used to
[B] get to
[C] get over
[D] get on with
17. Water, when boiled, always ________ stream.
[A] gives in
[B] gives out
[C] gives off
[D] gives away
18. Their plans for a big party ________.
[A] fell out
[B] fell away
[C] fell off
[D] fell through
19. Badly beaten, the intruders ________ in disorder.
[A] fell of
[B] fell out
[C] fell back
16[D] fell away
20. The picnic ________ at last after being twice postponed.
[A] came off
[B] came up
[C] put on
[D] went on
21. Very few experts ________ with completely new answers to the world's economic problems.
[A] come to
[B] come round
[C] come up
[D] come on
22. His face gave him ________ when he told a lie.
[A] off
[B] away
[C] up
[D] out
23. Someone must have left the tap on, ________ the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
[A] therefore
[B] for
[C] nevertheless
[D] moreover
24. If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, ________ good all the other ideas might be.
[A] whatever
[B] though
[C] whatsoever
[D] however
25. Take an umbrella with you in case of ________.
[A] it rains
[B] the rain
[C] rain
[D] raining
26. The man over there is ________ our principal.
[A] no other but
[B] no other than
[C] no one than
[D] none other than
1727. The football match was televised ________ from the Workers' Stadium.
[A] alive
[B] life
[C] live
[D] lively
28. The size of the audience, ________ we had expected, was well over one thousand.
[A] whom
[B] who
[C] as
[D] that
29. The Chinese Red Cross ________ a generous sum to the relief of the physically disabled.
[A] assigned
[B] contributed
[C] furnished
[D] administered
30. ________ my car is being made ready for a long journey.
[A] In the moment
[B] At the moment
[C] For the moment
[D] By the moment
Section II Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose
the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making
your choices. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Hot metal ________ as it grows cooler.
[A] condenses
[B] reduces
[C] decreases
[D] contracts
ANSWER: [D]
Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part
inthefieldofengineering.Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight 大31家 hugeventilationproblems.
Even in the days of smoky, coal-burning 大32家 , trains made their own ventilation by pushing and
pulling air 大33家 the tunnels. Cars don't move their own spent gases in the same way; it collects
18大34家
in tunnels. Clifford M. Holland solved the problem a giant fan-driven system for the Hudson
River tunnel.
Holland's system received a severe 大35家 when a truck 大36家 with chemical substances caught
fire in the tunnel and exploded. The blast destroyed many automobiles; sixty persons were 大37家 by
thestrongsmellingsmoke.Allsixty,however,remained 大38家 aftertheexplosion. 大39家 theruin
of 500 feet of the tunnel roof, traffic 大40家 after only fifty-six hours.
31. [A] make
[B] bring
[C] raise
[D] create
32. [A] stoves
[B] burners
[C] boilers
[D] engines
33. [A] around
[B] through
[C] in
[D] within
34. [A] by
[B] with
[C] for
[D] of
35. [A] trial
[B] pressure
[C] examination
[D] test
36. [A] loaded
[B] carried
[C] crowded
[D] transported
37. [A] swept
[B] overcome
[C] hit
19[D] hurt
38. [A] alive
[B] living
[C] live
[D] lived
39. [A] With
[B] After
[C] Because of
[D] Despite
40. [A] resumed
[B] stopped
[C] moved
[D] started
Section III Reading Comprehension
Each sentence or passage below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which
can be made from the information given in the original sentence or passage. Read them carefully and make
your choice. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Dr. Smith made a long speech in which he implied that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[A] Dr. Smith was not a friend of the Dean's.
[B] Dr. Smith gave a talk in which he said he was a friend of the Dean's.
[C] Dr. Smith suggested in his speech that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[D] Dr. Smith made a moving speech in which he said he was a friend of the Dean's.
ANSWER: [C]
41. I find it difficult to drive home my point to the students.
[A] I find it difficult to make my point fully understood by my students.
[B] I find it difficult to drive my students home.
[C] I want to point out that it is difficult to give my students lessons on driving.
[D] My point is driving is especially difficult for my students.
42. You ought to stand up for him.
[A] You should get up when he comes in.
[B] You should support him.
[C] You shouldn't be afraid to argue with him.
20[D] You must be of the same height as he is.
43. She took great pains to keep the rooms tidy.
[A] She was in great pain when she tried to keep the rooms tidy.
[B] She found it difficult to keep the rooms tidy.
[C] She made great efforts to keep the rooms neat and clean.
[D] She was unwilling to keep the rooms tidy.
44. At first everything went well with the project but recently problems kept cropping up.
[A] At first the quality of the project was satisfactory but recently its quality kept declining.
[B] The project proceeded smoothly at first but lately unexpected problems continually made their
appearance.
[C] At first the operation of the project went on smoothly, but lately something went wrong with
its operation.
[D] At first the project was thought to be satisfactory, but recently people found that there were
actually lots of problems with the project.
45. The search for ways of preserving foods is not new. Primitive man learned that he could make foods
last by drying them. The greatest single advance began in 1800 when a Frenchman, Nicolas Appert,
discovered that he could preserve certain foods by sealing them in jars and keeping the air from them.
The process was the start of the vast canning industry which brings us many foods in all seasons.
[A] Nicolas Appert's most important contribution to canning industry is his discovery that air causes
food to spoil.
[B] Nicolas Appert was the first person to preserve foods in jars.
[C] Nicolas Appert learned from the primitive men the method of preserving food.
[D] To preserve foods Nicolas Appert put them into sealed jars to let them dry up.
Section IV Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in the brackets
on the left. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
The photo ________ happy memories of my early childhood.
[A] refreshes
[B] brings to mind
[C] stimulates
[D] reminds myself
ANSWER: [B]
46. It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six hours.
[A] ended
[B] finished
[C] was
[D] lasted
2147. The gloves were really too small, and it was only by ________ them that I managed to get them on.
[A] spreading
[B] squeezing
[C] extending
[D] stretching
48. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ________ close examination.
[A] put up
[B] keep up
[C] stand up to
[D] look up to
49. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical ________.
[A] facilities
[B] appliances
[C] instruments
[D] equipment
50. Charles has not the least ________ of giving up his research.
[A] intention
[B] idea
[C] play
[D] desire
51. That shop doesn't have brown sugar in ________ at the moment, but they expect to have some tomorrow.
[A] storage
[B] stock
[C] sale
[D] demand
52. The country has a system of ________, most of which date back to the nineteenth century.
[A] watercourses
[B] rivers
[C] canals
[D] channels
53. The farmers had to wear heavy boots in the winter because the fields were so wet and ________.
[A] dusty
[B] earthy
[C] soiled
[D] muddy
54. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very ________ about the food he eats.
22[A] special
[B] peculiar
[C] particular
[D] unusual
55. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
[A] actual
[B] genuine
[C] real
[D] original
Section V Error-detection and Correction
Eachquestionconsistsof asentencewithfourunderlinedparts(words orphrases).These partsarelabeled
[A],[B],[C],and[D]. Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoicein thebrackets
on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase
on the line following the brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Good manners should be observed whether one eats in a restaurant or in home.
A B C D
ANSWER: [D] at
56. Oneshouldnottalkaboutunpleasantsubjects for asocialgathering.Also,weshouldavoidanysubject
A B
that might hurt the feelings of the people you are with.
C D
57. When we sit at the table, we must wait for everyone before start eating. Sometimes you have to wait
A B C
until the head of the family begins eating.
D
58. Bob has sat at the table for a couple of hours and drank considerably more wine than is good for his
A B C D
health.
59. If you had gone there to see the match, I'm sure you would have enjoyed to see the Chinese Football
A B C
Team win.
D
60. The flour, eggs and milk should be well mixed as it is poured into the baking pan.
A B C D
61. The names Jimmy, Billy and Bobby end in 'y' are used especially for children, but they often continue
A B
into adult life.
C D
2362. This book costs me five yuan. As you have been a good friend to me, you may borrow my book as far as
A B C
you keep it clean.
D
63. Of all the works of art shown in this exhibition hall the thing I like more is the needle-work
A B C
produced by the workers of Shanghai.
D
64. Because someoftherepresentatives still notthere,theconferenceis put off until furthernotice.
A B C D
65. You've to hurry up if you want to buy something because there's hardly something left.
A B C D
Section VI Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Now our daughter is sitting next to Doris. At this time tomorrow she ________ (sit) next to Betty.
ANSWER: will be sitting
66. A: Is your new bus going O.K.?
B: Oh yes. Couldn't be better. It's the first minibus we ________ (have) and we're all quite satisfied
with it.
67. You haven't learnt the word-order in spoken questions yet but I'm sure you ________ (learn) it before
the end of this week.
68. Our guest ________ no sooner ________ (take) off his raincoat than it began to rain again.
69. It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appoint) for this college.
70. ________ (meet) with an accident, the newspaper correspondent was not able to send a cable.
71. That bad egg wore dark glasses to avoid ________ (recognize).
72. Rather than ________ (leave) everything to the last minute, he always prefers to start early.
73. Don't come today, I would rather you ________ (come) tomorrow.
74. Sammy looks as though he never ________ (get) a square meal, but in fact his parents feed him very
well.
75. If I had a bike, I ________ (lend) it to you yesterday.
Section VII Chinese-English Translation
24Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
76. 充分利用自然资源来为人类造福的愿望总有一天会实现。
77. 据我所知，到目前为止，这是他们所能想到的最好方案。
78. 随着科学与技术的普及，电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域中得到应用。
79. 通过深入的调查研究，他们终于取得了大量的第一手资料。
80. 在我们的工作中失败是常事，但我们绝不能因此而灰心丧气。
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Chooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)
(1)
(81) Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that
we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit,
enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the
character of every modern city. In the home, many labour-saving devices are powered by electricity. (82)
Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fat asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our
refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping ourrooms air-conditioned.Every day, trains, trolley-buses,
and trams take us to and from work. (83) We rarely bother to consider why or how they run until something
goes wrong.
One summer something did go wrong with the power plant that provides New York with electricity. For
a great many hours, life came almost to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat
in the dark, powerless to do anything; (84) lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough
not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of
flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy and
uninviting as the most remote back streets. (85) People were afraid to leave their houses, for although
the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless
as anybody else.
Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this
year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in refrigerators.
Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. (86) People sat impatient and frightened
in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. (87) One of the strange things that occurred during
the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home. (88) When the lights came
on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant
he had at his fingertips.
(2)
A mineral is a material that is mined, not grown. (89) In other words mineral substances which are
foundontheearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperations
whichmakethemavailabletous.Someminerals,forexamplecoalandoil,wereoriginallylivingsubstances;
others, like iron, never had life. (90) Coal and oil are the remains of plants and animals. Crude mineral
ores and crude oil must be purified before they can be used.
(91) A stage in human civilization is often called by the name of the substance mainly used at that
stage: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and so on. The level of civilization reached by a society depends
25on the materials it can use, not only on those which are available. (92) The capacity to use a raw material
depends on various factors, such as means of access, methods of extraction, and techniques of processing.
In order to be purified, or combined into alloys, metals must be melted. For this purpose they must be
placed in containers which can be heated to enormous temperatures. These containers or enclosed spaces
are called furnaces. (93) Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those
in which the crude ores are mined.
Although much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their application
to practical uses, (94) it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was
found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.
(95) In the past few decades men behaved as if their supplies of minerals were inexhaustible. (96)
Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonable
estimate of their "expectation of life," the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves
of these materials.
But in the case of minerals it is especially difficult to give a reliable estimate of reserves because
surveys have not been completed and it is not certain that all sources are known. Uranium provides a good
example of this fact.
261984 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)
1. [A] 2. [A] 3. [B] 4. [A] 5. [D]
6. [C] 7. [D] 8. [C] 9. [A] 10. [C]
11. [A] 12. [D] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [B]
16. [A] 17. [C] 18. [D] 19. [C] 20. [A]
21. [D] 22. [B] 23. [B] 24. [D] 25. [C]
26. [D] 27. [C] 28. [C] 29. [B] 30. [B]
Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)
31. [D] 32. [D] 33. [B] 34. [B] 35. [D]
36. [A] 37. [B] 38. [A] 39. [D] 40. [A]
Section III: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
41. [A] 42. [B] 43. [C] 44. [B] 45. [A]
Section IV: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
46. [D] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [B] 50. [A]
51. [B] 52. [C] 53. [D] 54. [C] 55. [A]
Section V: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)
56. [A] at 57. [B] we start
58. [B] drunk 49. [C] seeing
60. [C] before 61. [A] ending
62. [C] as long as 63. [B] most
64. [A] with 65. [C] anything
Section VI: Verb Forms (10 points)
66. have had 67. will have learned
68. had … taken 69. (should) be appointed
70. Having met 71. being recognized
72. leave 73. came
74. got 75. would have lent
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
76. The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources for the benefit of mankind will eventually come
true.
77. To my knowledge, this is the best program they can conceive of so far.
78. Withthepopularizationofscienceandtechnology,computerhasfoundanincreasinglywideapplication
in all fields.
79. Through and intensive investigation they have finally obtained abundant first-hand information
80. In our work it's nothing unusual to be confronted with failures but we should in no way be discouraged
27on that account.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)
(1)
81. 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是这样的重要，而且现在人们还认为有电是完全理所当然的事，所以我们在
开电灯或开收音机时就很少会再去想一想电是怎么来的。
82. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入睡乡时，电也在为我们工作，它帮我们开动冰箱，帮我们烧水或使我们房
间里的空调机保持运转。
83. 在车辆出毛病之前，我们就不会去费脑筋想一下它们为什么会开动或怎样开动。
84. 电梯停了，因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层的中间，你也得去完成一项不愉快的任务：即摸黑往下走几百
级楼梯。
85. 尽管警察都已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们还是不敢出门，因为警察也同其它任何人一样感
到不知所措和无能为力。
86. 人们焦急不安、惊惶失措地坐在黑暗中，好象有一名来自火星的看不见的敌人已登上了地球。
87. 停电期间所发生的事件中有过这样一件怪事：大约有五十名盲人给许多有视力的职工带路，把他们送回家。
88. 当电灯再亮时，城里的人在揿电灯开关之前，几乎没有一个人不仔细想一想，他随时都能有一个多么能干的个
人来为他服务啊。
(2)
89. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上的而且必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆炸或类似作业才能获得的物质。
90. 煤和油是植物和动物的残体。原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用。
91. 人类文明的各个时期通常是根据从们在各个时期所主要使用的物质名称而命名的，例如石器时代、铁器时代，
等等。
92. 使用原料的能力大小取决于各种因素，例如，获取原料的手段、开采方法和加工技术。
93. 提炼原矿石的厂房设备通常不是设在开采原矿石的国家而是设在其他国家。
94. 直到六十年前人们才发现一种开采铝矿石的方法，从而有可能从中得出一种成本低廉、大规模提炼的炼铝法。
95. 在过去的几十年间，人们对待矿物的态度是：仿佛他们可以永远不断地得到矿物供应。
96. 可是现在他们认识到，其中有些矿物的蕴藏是很有限的，他们甚至还是可较合理地估计出这些矿石“可望存在
多少年”，也就是说，经过多少时间之后，这些矿物的全部书籍矿源和蕴藏量将被耗尽。
281983 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if
inserted at the place marked. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (10
points)
EXAMPLE:
Tom has been unemployed ________ he lost his job three weeks ago.
[A] after
[B] since
[C] before
[D] while
ANSWER: [B]
1. ________ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City.
[A] Although
[B] Since
[C] As
[D] When
2. Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different ________ mine.
[A] with
[B] from
[C] against
[D] to
3. They have all got up, and ________.
[A] Jack has too
[B] so has Jack
[C] Jack hasn't
[D] also has Jack
4. I am sure that ________ you said is wrong.
[A] which
[B] all
[C] this
[D] what
5. ________ four years since John left school.
[A] They have been
[B] It is
29[C] It was
[D] Those are
6. I have been to the doctor's about my headache. He says there is ________.
[A] something serious
[B] anything serious
[C] not serious
[D] nothing serious
7. This bicycle is his, not ________.
[A] their
[B] hers
[C] her
[D] your
8. A good writer is ________ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
[A] that
[B] he
[C] one
[D] this
9. Those are very pleasant rooms. How much do you ________ them?
[A] want
[B] demand
[C] ask for
[D] ask
10. His honesty is ________: nobody can doubt it.
[A] in question
[B] out of the question
[C] beside the question
[D] without question
Section II Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Will you call them up and tell them we'll start as soon as the rain ________ (stop)?
ANSWER: stops
11. He tried to avoid ________ (answer) my questions.
12. ________ (complete) one task, we started on another one.
3013. I wish you ________ (not hurt) Jim so much. He is still very depressed.
14. In recent years a number of communications satellites ________ (put) into orbit about the earth.
15. She sat at the window ________ (read) a novel.
16. If you had spoken clearly, you ________ (understand).
17. We think this house is worth ________ (renovate).
18. Don't get your schedule ________ (change); stay with us in this class.
19. I've got a loaf of bread; now I'm looking for a knife ________ (cut) it with.
20. There's no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.
Section III Error-detection
Eachquestionconsistsof asentencewithfourunderlinedparts(words orphrases).These partsarelabeled
[A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect, and circle the letter of your
choice. If you find no mistakes in a sentence, circle the letter E for "No Error". Only one choice is
to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
1) The plant manager, like many workers, were very experienced in safety precautions. No Error
A B C D E
ANSWER: [B]
2) To comprehend well, a student must read frequently. No Error
A B C D E
ANSWER: [E]
21. Because of an election was in progress, voters from all walks of life were heatedly. No Error
A B C D E
22. I move that he is to be discharged for his serious mistake. No Error
A B C D E
23. Some adult novels have been adopted for young readers. No Error
A B C D E
24. A number of errors made by him was suprising. No Error
A B C D E
25. This article deals with the natural phenomenon which are most interesting to everyone. No Error
A B C D E
26. Often did we ask her not to be late for school. No Error
A B C D E
3127. The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for plants to grow. No Error
A B C D E
28. Of the best of my knowledge, he did very well in his previous job. No Error
A B C D E
29. While walking along the street early in the morning, he heard someone crying. No Error
A B C D E
30. When you make a decision, you must take everything in account. No Error
A B C D E
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose
the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Bill came to work at the University thirty years ________ today.
[A] since
[B] before
[C] from
[D] ago
ANSWER: [D]
In the 20th century chemists have learned to make 大31家 of new compounds that never existed
大32家 . Many of them are useful to industry. Industry also found new uses 大33家 old, well-known
大34家 such as mercury, arsenic, and lead. We have learned to use radioactive substances in
manufacturingelectricalpower,andsomematerialsusedinmedicine.Manyofthesesubstancesarepoisonous
to people. Accidentally or 大35家 purpose, many of them are discharged into streams and lakes. Birds
and fish are killed by them. In some 大36家 people have been killed or 大37家 by them. In some
countries, many people were killed by eating fish that had lived in water contaminated with mercury;
大38家 others were crippled 大39家 life. There is no solution at present 大40家 the problem
ofwaterpollutionbymanydifferentkindsofindustrialwastes.Ideally,allthewastesshouldbecollected
and used again.
31. [A] the thousand
[B] thousands
[C] a thousand
[D] one thousand
32. [A] earlier
[B] early
32[C] ago
[D] before
33. [A] for
[B] to
[C] of
[D] with
34. [A] things
[B] matters
[C] substances
[D] materials
35. [A] in
[B] with
[C] on
[D] for
36. [A] cases
[B] conditions
[C] situations
[D] environments
37. [A] got sick
[B] fell sick
[C] became sick
[D] made sick
38. [A] more
[B] still
[C] the
[D] most
39. [A] in
[B] of
[C] for
[D] by
40. [A] of
[B] in
[C] about
[D] to
Section V Reading Comprehension
33Each sentence below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be
made from the information given in the original sentence. Read the sentences carefully and circle your
choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
WhatismostobviousinthisbookareallthosedetailsofdailylivingwhichmakeMrs.Richardsanything
but common.
[A] Mrs. Richards is very obvious.
[B] Mrs. Richards is an unusual person.
[C] Mrs. Richards is anything she wants to be.
[D] Mrs. Richards is quite ordinary.
ANSWER: [B]
41. Dr. Smith made a long speech in which he implied that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[A] Dr. Smith was not a friend of the Dean's.
[B] Dr. Smith gave a talk in which he said he was a friend of the Dean's.
[C] Dr. Smith suggested in his speech that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[D] Dr. Smith made a moving speech in which he said that he was a friend of the Dean's.
42. Reading between the lines, I should say the scientists are disappointed at the outcome of the research
project, though they will not openly admit it.
[A] The scientists admit that their research project is a failure.
[B] The scientists are not satisfied with the outcome of the research project.
[C] The scientists deny that the outcome of the research project is a failure.
[D] The outcome of the research project is not a failure.
43. John and I did not see each other very often, but whenever I was in trouble he always came to me and
offered his help.
[A] I was often in trouble.
[B] John was a true friend of mine.
[C] John came to see me only when I was in trouble.
[D] Time and again John came to my help.
44. When he entered the room, we all stopped talking and glanced at each other uneasily.
[A] We were all afraid of him.
[B] We all respected him.
[C] He was a friend of ours.
[D] He was an opponent to all of us.
45. It is a tale which holds children from play, and old men from the chimney corner.
[A] The children are player.
[B] The story is fascinating.
[C] The old men are sitting near the chimney corner.
[D] The tale is about children and old men.
34Section VI Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the meaning of the sentences. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to ________ the outcome.
[A] precede
[B] expect
[C] foretell
[D] count
ANSWER: [C]
46. The twins are so much ________ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.
[A] similar
[B] equal
[C] like
[D] alike
47. The photo ________ happy memories of my early childhood.
[A] refreshed
[B] brings to mind
[C] stimulates
[D] reminds myself
48. This album is ________ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
[A] unusual
[B] unique
[C] rare
[D] singular
49. The firemen managed to ________ the fire in time.
[A] extinguish
[B] prevent
[C] stop
[D] suppress
50. I believe reserves of coal here are ________ to last for fifty years.
[A] sufficient
[B] efficient
[C] persistent
[D] rich
51. This room is partly ________ with a few old armchairs.
[A] provided
35[B] decorated
[C] beautified
[D] furnished
52. Henry’s news report covering the conference was so ________ that nothing had been omitted.
[A] clear
[B] integrated
[C] comprehensive
[D] understandable
53. These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.
[A] beautiful
[B] natural
[C] comparable
[D] similar
54. We are now ________ a new English-Chinese dictionary.
[A] composing
[B] writing
[C] compiling
[D] creating
55. The students ________ their thanks to Professor Davis by presenting him with a parting gift.
[A] revealed
[B] expressed
[C] showed
[D] said
Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
56. 我们不同意他刚才说的话。
57. 在老师再解释一遍后，同学们才听懂这句子的意思。
58. 我们很高兴他如期完成任务。
59. 我们对他解决问题的方法很感兴趣。
60. 我们虽然引进新技术和设备，但是我们将主要依靠自己来实现四个现代化。
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (25 points)
(1)
36Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any
book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film
without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is ‘yes’,
then you are just plain irresponsible. If your answer is ‘no’, then you are exercising your right as
a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words,
by acting as an examiner yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.
Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned
andquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents’responsibility
to provide it. But what about adults? Aren’t they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer
is that many adults are, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like yourself.
Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good.
Some people think that it is a shame that a censor should interfere with works of art. But we must
bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very
far from being ‘works of art’.
When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything
in the name of ‘art’. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from
making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favour of absolute freedom is to argue
in favour of anarchy. Society would really be the better if it were protected by correct censorship.
(2)
If the sun has enough power to warm and light the whole earth, it must have enough power to do other
things, too. Can we use the sun’s abundant energy to supply electricity, or at least to perform the
functions which electricity or other types of power usually perform? The answer is yes.
For example, people have for many years been using the reflected heat of the sun to cook by. Solar
cookers have been built with several curved mirrors reflecting the sun and focusing its heat on the cooking
element. This apparatus can be used just like a gas or electric stove; it is more expensive to make but
it does not need any fuel, and so costs nothing to use. Another possibility of using solar energy is in
house-heating.
The form of energy we use most is electricity, and every day more is needed. But electricity has to
be made, too, and to make it huge quantities of fuel are required — oil, coal, gas and nowadays even
uranium.
The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? Nobody knows for sure,
but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources.
It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here, too.
Solar power has already been used to produce terrific hat. In Southern France a solar furnace has
beenbuilt,wheretemperaturesreachmorethan3000° Centigrade.Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperiments
at present, but could be used to produce steam for a power station.
So it is possible that one day in the near future we will depend on solar furnaces and power stations
to provide our electrical needs. Or perhaps each home will have a solar generator to provide power for
lighting and heating.
371983 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
1. [A] 2. [B] 3. [B] 4. [D] 5. [B]
6. [D] 7. [B] 8. [C] 9. [C] 10. [D]
Section II: Verb Forms (10 points)
11. answering 12. Having completed
13. had not hurt 14. have been put
15. reading 16. would have been understood
17. renovating 18. changed
19. to cut 20. crying
Section III: Error-detection (10 points)
21. [A] 22. [C]
23. [C] 24. [A]
25. [B] 26. [E]
27. [B] 28. [A]
29. [E] 30. [D]
Section IV: Cloze Test (10 points)
31. [B] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [C]
36. [A] 37. [D] 38. [B] 39. [C] 40. [D]
Section V: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [B] 44. [A] 45. [B]
Section VI: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
46. [D] 47. [B] 48. [B] 49. [A] 50. [A]
51. [D] 52. [C] 53. [B] 54. [C] 55. [B]
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
56. We do not agree with what he has just said.
57. The students did not understand the meaning of the sentence until the teacher had explained it a second
time.
58. We are very glad that he has fulfilled the task in time.
59. We are interested in the way he solved the problems.
60. Although we import some new techniques and equipment, we will rely mainly on ourselves to realize
the four modernizations.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (25 points)
(1)
38让我们假设你处在家长的地位。你会允许你的孩子们随便读他们想读的书而不首先查一下内容吗？你会随便带
你的孩子去看电影而不首先搞清楚这部片子对他们是否合适吗？假如你对这些问题的回答是“是”的话，那你简直
就是不负责任。如果你回答“否”，那你就是在运用你家长的权利来保护你的孩子，使他们免受你认为不良的影响。
换句话话，你在作为检查者时已经认定实行审查很有必要。
当然，你会说审查对儿童而言是一回事，但对成人却是另一回事。儿童需要保护，提供这种保护是父母的责任。
但是成年人又如何呢？难道他们还不够成熟以判断哪些东西对他们有益吗？回答是许多成年人是能做到的。不过千
万别误认为所有的成年人都象你自己一样。审查是为了整个社会的利益。它象法律一样维护公众利益。
有些人认为审查员干涉文艺作品是不光彩的事。可是我们要牢记送到审查员面前的大量书刊、戏剧和电影远非
“杰作”。
当审查法放宽时，招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘在“艺术”的幌子下什么样的东西都会炮制出来。审查工作的大
事之一就是防止某些人靠腐蚀别人的思想以谋取厚利。主张绝对自由就是主张无政府状态。如果社会得到正确审查
制度的保护一定会变得更好。
(2)
太阳既然有足够的能量使整个地球变得温暖和明亮，它必定也有足够的能量做出其他的事。我们是否能利用太
阳丰富的能源来发电，或至少是用它来做电力或别种动力通常要做的事？回答是肯定的。
例如，多年来人们一直在利用反射太阳光的热量来烧煮食物。太阳炉是用几面曲面镜反射阳光并将其热量聚焦
于炊具上制成的。这种装置可以象煤气炉或电炉一样使用；制造成本虽然较高，但它不需用燃料，因而使用就不必
花钱。太阳能的另一个可能性是取暖。
我们用得最多的能的形式是电。而且用量与日俱增。但是电也需要生产，要生产电就需要大量燃料，如石油、
煤、可燃气，现在甚至用铀作燃料。
今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？谁也无法确知，但是大多数专家认为不需太久就难以靠这些
来源提供充足的电力了。太阳倒有可能在这方面作出一定的贡献。
太阳能已被用来提供极高的温度。在法国南部已经建造了一座太阳炉，供热可高达摄氏3000度以上。这座太阳
炉目前只用于实验工作，但是有可能给发电站提供蒸汽。
所以在不久的将来，我们有可能依靠太阳炉和太阳能发电站来提供我们对电力的需要。或许家家户户都将用太
阳能来提供照明和加热用的电力。
391982 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will complete the sentence if inserted at the
place marked. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (12 points)
EXAMPLE:
(1) The matter ________ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
[A] what
[B] as
[C] whom
[D] that
ANSWER: [D]
(2) We must not rule ________ the possibility of miscalculation.
[A] away
[B] off
[C] out
[D] up
ANSWER: [C]
1. You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, ________?
[A] weren’t you
[B] didn’t you
[C] had you
[D] did you
2. I have to get ________ about the subject before I write the paper.
[A] a few more informations
[B] a little more information
[C] a few more information
[D] a little more informations
3. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ________ write correctly.
[A] you will
[B] you can
[C] can you
[D] can’t you
4. ________ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.
[A] That
[B] Because
[C] Whatever
40[D] However
5. Although ________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur
elsewhere in the world.
[A] which
[B] what
[C] how
[D] it
6. He studied hard at school when he was young ________ contributes to his success in later life.
[A] , which
[B] therefore
[C] which
[D] so that
7. He felt it rather difficult to take a stand ________ the opinion of the majority.
[A] against
[B] by
[C] to
[D] in
8. I need a book dealing ________ anti-pollution problems.
[A] about
[B] on
[C] with
[D] to
9. He has been asked to account ________ his absence.
[A] of
[B] on
[C] about
[D] for
10. Science has brought ________ many changes in our lives.
[A] out
[B] into
[C] about
[D] forward
11. How did it come ________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?
[A] about
[B] after
[C] with
41[D] to
12. Science has brought ________ many changes in our lives.
[A] for
[B] to
[C] in
[D] with
Section II Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (12 points)
EXAMPLE:
(1) Will you call them up and tell them we'll start as soon as the rain ________ (stop)?
ANSWER: stops
(2) ________ (See) from the moon, our Earth looks like a big bright disk.
ANSWER: Seen
13. The author gave a detailed description ________ (base) on his personal observation of nature.
14. The way he talks is simply intolerable I object to ________ (treat) like a child.
15. These students are quick at learning. We’ll have them ________ (train) in new methods.
16. Had she been given some information, she ________ (can answer) the questions.
17. Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day ________ (say) that she ________ (return) it soon.
18. Mary always has a lot of letters to write. She ________ (write) letters all afternoon and she still
________ (not finish).
19. We promised them to be there by 5 o’clock. Now it’s 4:50 already, and the rain ________ (pour) down
like this. They ________ (must wait) for us impatiently.
20. Mr.Greenranallthewayuptothestationonly________(find) thatthetrain________(leave)fifteen
minutes before.
Section III Error-detection
Eachquestionconsistsof asentencewithfourunderlinedparts(words orphrases).These partsarelabeled
[A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect, and circle the letter of your
choice. If you find no mistakes in a sentence, circle the letter E for "No Error". Only one choice is
to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
1) The plant manager, like many workers, were very experienced in safety precautions. No Error
A B C D E
ANSWER: [B]
422) To comprehend well, a student must read frequently. No Error
A B C D E
ANSWER: [E]
21. If the policeman would have arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident. No Error
A B C D E
22. The tasks of the director are greater than his assistant. No Error
A B C D E
23. Neither the teacher nor the students were introduced to their dean. No Error
A B C D E
24. The visibility became so bad that I could not hardly see the man who was walking one foot in front
A B C D
of me. No Error
E
25. She hung up all the clothes that has been laying around the room. No Error
A B C D E
26. The amount of hours we spent on the work was rather small. No Error
A B C D E
27. The lecturer is a person with great promise and who should be encouraged. No Error
A B C D E
28. My name is William, and most of my friends call me Bill for short. No Error
A B C D E
29. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. No Error
A B C D E
30. The group is waiting for their plane to Beijing. No Error
A B C D E
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose
the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (11 points)
EXAMPLE:
____1____ the final scene I noticed him ____2____ his eyes..
1. [A] During
[B] While
[C] As soon as
[D] No sooner than
2. [A] to wipe
43[B] wiping
[C] to be wiped
[D] having wiped
ANSWER: 1. [A] 2. [B]
大31家 大32家
before man learned how to build houses, he natural shelters, as the animals did.
大33家 大34家
He found that he could himself by climbing up into trees or by crouching the
大35家
overhanging edges of cliffs, or by crawling into . The first shelters or homes actually built
大36家 大37家
by man were very simple. For his building , he used what he could find easily him:
大38家
rocks, tree branches, dried grasses, animal skins. It was , however, before man began to build
大39家 大40家 大41家
shelters because man learned to farm, he lived by .
31. [A] Epoch
[B] Long
[C] Time
[D] Age
32. [A] looked after
[B] looked about
[C] looked for
[D] looked into
33. [A] protect
[B] confine
[C] bury
[D] cover
34. [A] to
[B] above
[C] into
[D] under
35. [A] cracks
[B] pits
[C] caves
[D] cavities
36. [A] rocks
[B] substance
[C] materials
44[D] groundwork
37. [A] around
[B] above
[C] under
[D] over
38. [A] in time
[B] many a time
[C] behind the time
[D] a long time
39. [A] permanent
[B] unchangeable
[C] changeable
[D] perpetual
40. [A] if
[B] in case
[C] until
[D] after
41. [A] fishing
[B] gaming
[C] hunting
[D] shooting
Section V Reading Comprehension
Each sentence or paragraph below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion
which can be drawn from the information given in the original sentence or paragraph. Read the sentences
and paragraph carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Whether the study of the lunar rocks will answer the long debated question of the origin of the moon
remains to be seen.
[A] The speaker wants to remain behind to see whether the study will throw light on the question.
[B] The speaker feels that the study will probably answer the question.
[C] The speaker is sure that the study will produce an answer to the question.
[D] The speaker is not sure whether the study will answer the question or not.
ANSWER: [D]
42. If this book begins with a familiar them — the Indian experience of the last 120 years — the author
brings to it great power and deep understanding.
[A] This means that the book was written 120 years ago.
45[B] This means that the Indian experience of the last 120 years is a familiar experience, and nothing
new can be written about it.
[C] This means that the book lacks understanding of the Indian experience.
[D] This means that the writer of this sentence likes the book.
43. I disagreed then as now with many of John Smith’s judgments, but always respected him, and this book
is a welcome reminder of his big, honest, friendly, stubborn personality.
[A] The writer of this sentence dislikes John Smith, but agrees with his ideas.
[B] The writer of this sentence considers John Smith to be a disagreeable person.
[C] The writer of this sentence disagrees with John Smith but respects him.
[D] The writer of this sentence disagreed with him then but agrees with him now.
44. Just before his tenth birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series
of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.
[A] John received the horse because he was ten.
[B] John received the horse because his father loved him.
[C] John received the horse because his father wanted to seem loving.
[D] John received the horse because his father wouldn’t be able to give him expensive gifts in the
future.
45. It cannot be doubted that without intelligence and diligence on the part of the students themselves,
as indeed without the leadership and the coaching of the teachers, a good examination result will
not come.
[A] This sentence means that for a good result of an examination both the intelligence and diligence
of the students and the guidance of the teachers must be stressed.
[B] This sentence means that a good result of examination will come without either the students’
effort or that of the teachers.
[C] This sentence means that a good examination result depends chiefly on the correct guidance of
the teachers.
[D] This sentence means that a good examination result depends on either the students or the teachers.
46. Industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy. Using less electricity would mean
a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries. Therefore an unfavorable
change in our economic structure might result.
[A] This means that decreasing the use of electricity must begin immediately.
[B] This means that decreasing the use of electricity will cause difficulties.
[C] This means that decreasing the use of electricity isn’t important.
[D] This means that decreasing the use of electricity won’t affect industry.
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
47. 随着时间的过去，他将会懂得我所讲的话。
48. 听说那个地区的工厂比1970年增加了两倍。
4649. 在这个季节保持蔬菜新鲜可不容易。
50. 只要我们继续努力工作，我们就能提前完成任务。
51. 尽管我们的政治和经济制度存在着巨大差异，我们两国在许多方面有着共同的利益。
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (30 points)
(1)
In country after country, talk of non-smokers’ right is in the air. While a majority of countries
have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking.
Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette
consumption.
In somedeveloped countriesthe consumptionof cigaretteshasbecome moreorlessstabilized. However,
in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress — and is even
encouraged. As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in
those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes
in the Middle East and North Africa — where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in
1974.
Smoking isharmfulto thehealth ofpeople. Worldgovernments shouldconductserious campaigns against
it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking
in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations
in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which
will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should
bemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Andcigarette
price should be boosted.
In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned
altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.
(2)
Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.
Nuclearradiationhasa certainmysteryaboutit,partlybecauseitcannot bedetectedby humansenses.
It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other
things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without
a radio receiver. Similarly,we can’t sense radioactivity withouta radiation detector.But unlike common
radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells
in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that
is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage many not be significant.
This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace
the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves,
you may be in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done
without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel
fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or
liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
471982 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (12 points)
1. [D] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [C] 5. [B]
6. [A] 7. [A] 8. [C] 9. [D] 10. [C]
11. [A] 12. [C]
Section II: Verb Forms (12 points)
13. based 14. being treated
15. trained 16. could have answered
17. saying; would return 18. has been writing; has not finished
19. is pouring; must be waiting 20. to find; had left
Section III: Error-detection (10 points)
21. [A] 22. [D]
23. [E] 24. [C]
25. [D] 26. [A]
27. [C] 28. [A]
29. [C] 30. [C]
Section IV: Cloze Test (11 points)
31. [B] 32. [C] 33. [A] 34. [D] 35. [C]
36. [C] 37. [A] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C]
41. [C]
Section V: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
42. [D] 43. [C] 44. [C] 45. [A] 46. [B]
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
56. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
57. We have been told that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
58. It is hard work keeping vegetables fresh in this season.
59. So long as we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
60. Despite the great differences between our political and economic systems, our two countries share
a wide range of common interest.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
(1)
不吸烟者的权利问题，正在一个又一个国家里开始议论。至今多数国家很少或还没有采取措施，有三十个左右
的国家已经采取法律程序控制吸烟。另一些国家则已制订旨在为不吸烟者净化空气或消减纸烟消费量的多种法律。
48在某些发达国家中。纸烟的消费量已渐趋稳定。然而在许多发展中国家里，吸烟却被视为经济发展的一种标志
——甚至受到鼓励。随着更多的烟草公司走上国际化的道路，它们在这些国家中寻找新的市场，争取更多的吸烟者。
例如美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟——在这些地区，美国烟草出口量在1974年增加了百分之二十七以
上。
吸烟对人民健康有害。世界各国政府应该开展认真的反对吸烟运动。限制香烟广告，每包香烟上加印有害健康
的警告，以及禁止在诸如影剧院和餐馆等某些公共场所吸烟，这些都是许多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常
用的办法。同时，人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措施上。这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为
此感到不安。应该作出巨大努力告诉青年人抽烟的危害性，特别是养成抽烟习惯的可怕后果。而且香烟价格应予提
高。
从长远观点看，毫无疑问，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么每个人的境况将得到很大的改善。但对于采取这种极端
措施，人们尚无准备。
(2)
核能对健康、安全甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词来概括：辐射。
核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘，其部分原因是人类的官能无法觉察到它的存在。尽管我们周围可能都是辐射线，
可是我们看不风它，听不到它， 摸不着它，也辨别不出它的味道。还有一些和它相类似的东西。例如，我们四周到
处都是无线电波，但如果没有无线电接收器，我们就不能探测到或感觉到它的存在。同样，如果不用辐射探测器，
我们也不能感觉到放射现象。但核辐射不同于普通的无线电波，它对人类以及其他生物不是无害的。
能级非常高的辐射线能摧毁重要器官里的大量细胞从而把动物或人立即杀死。即使是最低能级的辐射线也能造
成严重的损害。不存在任何绝对安全的辐射能级。如果辐射线没有击中任何重要的东西，造成的损害可能不太大。
当辐射线只击中少数细胞并且立即摧毁它们的时候，情况就是这样。你的身体能以健康的细胞代替死亡的细胞。但
如果这些少数的细胞只受到损坏，而这些细胞又自行繁殖，那你就会遇到麻烦。它们进行畸形繁殖。它们有可能演
变成癌，这种情况有时在许多年之后才能显示出来。
这是核辐射现象带有某些神秘色彩的另一个原因。它可能在损害已经发生而受害者意识不到的情况下造成严重
损害。一个人在受到照射时可能感觉良好，结果在五年、十年或二十年后死于癌症。或者小孩一生下来就体弱或易
于感染严重的疾病，原因是他的祖父母曾吸收过辐射线。
辐射线能伤害我们。我们应该知道真相。
491981 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the five choices given would most suitably complete the sentence. Circle
the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (14 points)
EXAMPLE:
The guests said that they wouldn’t mind ________.
[A] to have a little light music
[B] having a little light music
[C] have a little light music
[D] if they have a little light music
[E] that they have a little light music
ANSWER: [B]
1. She has been working in this factory ________.
[A] after 1968
[B] in 1968
[C] since 1968
[D] for 1968
[E] until 1968
2. We can’t understand why he avoided ________ to us.
[A] to speak
[B] speech
[C] having spoken
[D] speaking
[E] to have spoken
3. I am interested in ________ you have told me.
[A] which
[B] all that
[C] all what
[D] that
[E] everything of which
4. It is because she is too inexperienced ________ she does not know how to deal with the situation.
[A] so
[B] that
[C] so that
[D] therefore
[E] that is why
505. He was afraid he would have to ________ her invitation to the party.
[A] refute
[B] refuse
[C] return
[D] ignore
[E] decline
6. She wants to know whether the measures have been agreed ________.
[A] to
[B] with
[C] about
[D] upon
[E] over
7. Since she is angry, we ________.
[A] had better leaving her alone
[B] should leave her alone
[C] might as well leave her alone
[D] had rather leave her alone
[E] must leave her alone
8. I wish I ________ to the movies with you last night.
[A] went
[B] did go
[C] could go
[D] have gone
[E] could have gone
9. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre ________ the curtain went up.
[A] than
[B] when
[C] before
[D] as soon as
[E] as
10. Write clearly ________ your teacher can understand you correctly.
[A] since
[B] for
[C] because
[D] so that
[E] then
5111. If the doctor had been available, the child ________.
[A] would not die
[B] would not have died
[C] could not die
[D] could not have died
[E] should not have died
12. I’d just as soon ________ rudely to her.
[A] that you won’t speak
[B] your not speaking
[C] you not speak
[D] you hadn’t spoken
[E] you didn’t speak
13. Ten years had elapsed. I found she had ________.
[A] a little white hair
[B] some white hair
[C] much white hair
[D] a few white hair
[E] a few white hairs
14. The electric shaver ________ before it can be used.
[A] needs repairing
[B] requires to be repaired
[C] should be in repair
[D] has to be repairable
[E] must repair
Section II Error-detection
Eachquestionconsistsof asentencewithfiveunderlinedparts(words orphrases).These partsarelabeled
[A], [B], [C], [D] and [E]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and circle the letter of
your choice. Only one choice is to be marked. (8 points)
EXAMPLE:
We did the research as good as we could; howerver, it did not turn out to be satisfactory.
A B C D E
ANSWER: [B]
15. Thepresidentof the college, together with thedeans, are planninga conference for thepurposeof
A B C D
laying down certain regulations.
E
5216. In order to convince the director to agree with their plan, they brought forth a number of reports
A B C
which supported their argument.
D E
17. His method of doing research work is hardly appreciated; he feels inferior than others.
A B C D E
18. A series of debates between the lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.
A B C D E
19. The automobile industry is manufacturing a new type of a motor that will consume less gasoline and
A B C D
cause much less pollution.
E
20. When his plane arrives on the airport in Shanghai, I shall already have left for Beijing.
A B C D E
21. The industrial trend is in the direction of more machines and less people.
A B C D E
22. The workers were already to work long before he arrived.
A B C D E
Section III Sentence Making
Combine the given words and phrases into sentences. (4 points)
EXAMPLE:
His sons / he / their grandmother / to see / just before his last birthday / take
ANSWER:
Just before his last birthday he took his sons to see their grandmother.
23. last month / in Europe / travel / she / since
24. the decision / as final / frankly / should / not consider
25. to the stranger / talk / there / stand / a while ago / he
26. this kind of / can / get used to / I / never / food / eat
Section IV Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verb given in parentheses. (14 points)
EXAMPLE:
“Those,” he said, ________ (point) to the books ________ (pile) on the desk, “________ (need) over
there now.”
ANSWER: pointing; piled; are needed
53Thousands of years ________ (pass) since then; but people still ________ (like) ________ (tell) the
story of Leonidas and the brave three hundred who ________ (dedicate) their lives to their country.
ANSWER: have passed; like; to tell; dedicated
27. The public demanded that the prices ________ (reduce).
28. With the guide ________ (lead) the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.
29. I need that book badly. If you go to the bookshop this afternoon, please remember ________ (buy) a
copy for me.
30. ________ (arrive) home at daybreak, he felt dead tired. He ________ (work) all night.
31. ________ (exhaust) by his work, he lay down on the bed to take a rest.
32. We’ll have to take a roundabout course, for the road ________ (repair).
33. No decision ________ (make) about that matter yet. We ________ (still consider) it.
34. ________ (meet) Tom earlier today, I don’t need to see him again.
35. If you ________ (go) on at the present rate, you ________ (use) up all the petroleum by the end of
the month.
36. The building is said ________ (destroy) in a fire two years ago.
37. The car ________ (go) at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten
o’clock tonight.
Section V Cloze Test
Fill in the blanks with proper words (10 points)
In recent years television has become the most popular form of entertainment. It does not look as
if it will be 大38家 popular in the world of the future. In fact it looks as if television will become
more popular than ever. New systems of television have been made possible 大39家 the discovery of the
laser. A laser is a beam of light that has many strange qualities. By using a laser, it is possible to
throw every large and very clear television pictures on 大40家 a screen. These pictures may be as large
as three meters 大41家 . Many people could watch this kind of television together.
大42家
Laser beams have also made very thin television sets . These sets can be hung on the wall
of a room like a large picture. Another development in the future will be three dimensional television;
大43家
the picture will look more ‘real’ it will have depth as well as height and length.
In the near future you will be able to buy your favourite television programmes already 大44家
54大45家
on tapes. They will be like the tapes are used in small cassette tape recorders today. You will
大46家
also be able to record television programmes and play them later. The laser beam will make
大47家
possible.
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following into English. (10 points)
48. 这门课我们越学越喜欢。
49. 这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十。
50. 他们一直谈到入睡。
51. 许多人以为电是燃料，但事实上并非如此。
52. 我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)
(1)
The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政体的) State. It is one of the independent members of the
Commonwealth(theQueen isrecognizedasheadoftheCommonwealth),andamemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.
The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make
up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand
years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England
and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the
establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales
and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in
1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that
of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The
six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to
remain within the United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London — with an elected chamber comprising members
fromEnglish,Scottish,WelshandNorthernIrelandconstituencies(选举区) — thereforerepresentspeople
sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making,
but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs
of different areas.
England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different
court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic
matters, different government departments.
(2)
As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their
leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines — namely, noise.
Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more
55and more insistently, that something must be done about it.
To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common
courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped),
the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally,
technical knowledge.
Technicaldifficultiesoftenarisefromthesubjective-objectivenatureoftheproblem.Youcandefine
the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define
excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”, vehicles which
are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.
Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible.
The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.
Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good
planningandtechnicalimprovement.Butifwearegoing toallowfastmotor-cyclesandheavy diesellorries
to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control
it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in
modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will
impose at its airports — and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.
(3)
About350yearsagoGalileomadeatelescopeandlookedthroughitatthesun.Whathesawbothsurprised
and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made
the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known.
Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.
But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his
attention on a single sunspot (太阳黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position,
just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to
disappear from view on the western limb (边缘) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally
to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time
it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the
drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his
observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately
followed,weknowthathewouldalmostcertainlyhavenoticedthatsunspotswerebecomingfewerandsmaller.
But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term
cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery
of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German
chemist, Charles Schwabe.
561981 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (14 points)
1. [C] 2. [D] 3. [B] 4. [B] 5. [E]
6. [D] 7. [C] 8. [E] 9. [B] 10. [D]
11. [B] 12. [E] 13. [E] 14. [A]
Section II: Error-detection (8 points)
15. [C] 16. [B] 17. [E] 18. [C] 19. [C]
20. [B] 21. [E] 22. [B]
Section III: Sentence Making (4 points)
23. She has been travelling in Europe since last month.
24. Frankly, the decision should not be considered as final.
25. He stood there talking to the stranger a while ago. / Standing there, he talked
to the stranger a while ago.
26. I can never get used to eating this kind of food
Section IV: Verb Forms (14points)
27. be reduced 28. leading
29. to buy 30. Arriving, had been working
31. Exhausted 32. is being repaired
33. has been made, are still considering 34. Having met
35. go, will have used 36. to have been destroyed
37. will be going
Section V: Cloze Test (10 points)
38. less 39. by
40. to 41. by
42. possible 43. because
44. recorded 45. that / which
46. back 47. this
Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)
48. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.
49. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.
50. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.
51. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.
52. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)
(1)
57联合王国是一个君主政体的国家。它是英联邦内独立的国家之一（女王被承认是英联邦的首脑），也是欧洲共同
体的成员国。
联合王国的起源和传统可从组成它的四个部分——英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰——的各个部分找到。
英格兰在一千年前统一为一个王国，威尔士则于中世纪时成为这王国的一个组成部分。一六〇三年，英格兰与苏格
兰的王位合而为一；一七〇七年两国通过立法，规定设立一个单一的、在英格兰和威尔士以及在苏格兰均享有最高
权力的大不列颠国会。爱尔兰与英格兰王国自十三世纪起已有联系；一八〇〇年由于爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠国会，
联合王国的创建便告完成。一九二二年，南爱尔兰（现在的爱尔兰共和国）成为一个自主的国家。北爱尔兰的六个
郡已于一九二〇年被授权成立自己的、在联合王国国会之下的议会，并投票表决留在联合王国内。
在伦敦威斯敏斯特的联合王国国会——它有一个选举出来的、由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰各地选区
所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和传统的人民。它具有最高的政府权力和立法权，但在
行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顾不同地区的特殊需要。
英格兰和威尔士以及苏格兰两者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系统，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制
度，并且设有不同的政府部门来处理大部分的内部事务。
(2)
随着更多的人住得更近，随着他们使用各种机器而获得闲暇，他们发现他们的空暇，甚至他们的工作时间都受
到他们机器的一个副产品——即噪音——的严重影响。现在新闻报导中经常谈论噪音；它已取得了政治地位，公众
舆论也越来越坚持要求采取一定措施来对付噪音。
要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我约束（使人烦恼的事常常是由于缺乏普通的礼貌引起的），一种均衡感（如
果要制止噪音，通常会引起利害冲突），化钱（早化钱比晚化钱经济得多），最后还有技术知识。
技术往往是由于问题的主客观性质引起的。你可以根据速度计上指针所指的读数来确定一辆汽车的超速。可是，
你能用同样的方法来确定超量的噪音吗？你会发现，被认为噪音相同的车辆，在任何现有的简单“噪音计”上显示
的读数可能大不相同。
虽然消除噪音的最理想方法是产生的根源处消灭它，但在很多情况下，这也许是不可能的。其次的补救办法是
将混音在它到达耳朵的过程中吸收掉。
家里的噪音或许可能通过事先的考虑与谦让加以控制，工业噪音则可能通过良好的规划与技术的改进加以控制。
但是，如果我们允许高速摩托车与重型内燃机卡车经常不断地通过住宅区与商业区，那么这些地区的全体居民就必
须决定他们需要实行的控制措施，因为从长远的观点来看，他们必须为些付出代价。如果一个国家要有现代化的空
中运输，它必须参加国际噪音控制措施协定，这些措施它必须责成它的机场予以执行——而在这个问题上，任何真
正控制措施的费用要以百万美元来计算。
(3)
大约在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了台望远镜，并用它来观察太阳。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕，
因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点，这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他犹豫不决，
不敢把他的发现公布于世。与此同时，其他的科学家也注意到太阳的这个缺陷，并宣布了这个事实。
但是，伽利略继续进行观测，不久，他的努力获得了另一发现。他把注意力集中在一群太阳黑子上，他发现，
在几天内，这群黑子的位置起了变化，宛如太阳本身在转动。后来，他发现有一群黑子在太阳西部的边缘上停留了
一段时间才消失，然后在太阳的东部边缘上最后回复原位。此种现象导致他得出这样的结论：太阳本身在旋转，旋
转一周约需二十五到二十七天。直，我们从伽利略所画的太阳黑子图中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他观察太阳
期间，一定曾出现过大量的太阳黑子。如果在随后的几年中，他继续把这些太阳黑子描画下来，我们相信，他大概
一定会发现太阳黑子正在变得愈来愈少和愈来愈小。可是，那时候，他却对其他事物发生的兴趣，因此，他看不到
在太阳黑子的活动中存在着一种长期的周期，随着岁月的消逝，太阳黑子会时多时少。后来，发现太阳黑子活动周
期的是人是科学史上最有耐心的观察者之一——德国化学家查尔斯·许伟勃。
581980 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of Prepositions
1
在所给的介词中选择一个适当的填入空白：（本大题共5分，每题 分）（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不
2
得分）
to, at, instead of, from, of, with, on, among, between, because of, about, for into, with regard to,
over
1. The findings are far ________ satisfactory.
2. We shall divide the work ________ us research workers.
3. The rainy season in that country varies ________ 3 - 4 months.
4. They have never heard ________ such an invention.
5. We must pay attention ________ the latest development of the situation.
6. The newly-installed control computer will soon be put ________ use.
7. The news which I am going to tell you ________ is rather serious.
8. The engineer seemed to know what the sign stood ________.
9. The machine tool went out of control ________ mishandling.
10. Don’t be satisfied ________ what you have achieved.
Section II Verb Tenses
用所给动词的适当时态语态填入空白：（本大题共10分，第7题2分，其余各题均1分）（注意：各题只能填写一个
答案，多填答案不得分）
11. Those who’d like to visit the exhibition ________ (sign) your names here.
12. A great number of small power stations ________ (set up) in their county since liberation.
13. He asked me whether my brother ________ (fly) to Beijing.
14. He fell asleep immediately last night; he must ________ (be) very tired.
15. “Have you moved into the new flat?”
“Not yet. The rooms ________ (paint).”
16. The director recommended that she ________ (study) more English before going abroad.
5917. The teacher told them since light ________ (travel) faster than sound, lightning ________ (appear)
to go before thunder.
18. How long ________ they ________ (dig) the ditch?
19. He refused to tell us whether he ________ (undertake) the job.
Section III Verb Forms
1
用所给动词的适当形式（不定式、分词、动名词）填入空白：（本大题共15分，每题1 分）（注意：各题只能填写一
2
个答案，多填答案不得分）
20. Matter is the name ________ (give) to everything which has weight and occupies space.
21. I shall never forget ________ (meet) the late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our factory.
22. I wonder if he could get it ________ (do) before tomorrow.
23. Night ________ (fall), we hurried home.
24. Abeamoflight willnotbendroundcornersunless________(make)todosowiththehelpof areflecting
device.
25. We were busy ________ (get) things ready for the trial production when he phoned us.
26. Some molecules are large enough ________ (see) under the electronic microscope.
27. The floor does not look so bad when ________ (sweep) clean.
28. ________ (fail) several times, they need some encouragement.
29. ________ (catch) in the rain, he was wet to the skin.
Section IV Structure and Vocabulary
选择填空：（本大题共15分，每题1分）在每题下面的[A], [B], [C], [D]四个答案中，将你认为最合适的答案画
个“〇”。（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）
EXAMPLE:
He ________ me that he decided to leave on Monday.
[A] spoke
[B] said
[C] talked
[D] told
ANSWER: [D]
30. This test ________ a number of multiple choice questions.
60[A] composes of
[B] composes in
[C] consists of
[D] consists in
31. She writes as ________ as her sister.
[A] clear
[B] more clear
[C] clearly
[D] most clearly
32. I prefer this diagram ________ that one.
[A] than
[B] more than
[C] rather than
[D] to
33. I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I ________.
[A] shall graduate
[B] shall be graduated
[C] shall be graduating
[D] shall have graduated
34. Hardly had he finished his speech ________ the audience started cheering.
[A] and
[B] when
[C] than
[D] as
35. I wish you ________ like that.
[A] don’t talk
[B] won’t talk
[C] wouldn’t talk
[D] not to talk
36. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ________ come to a sound conclusion.
[A] can you
[B] would you
[C] you will
[D] you can
37. I found ________ to answer all the questions within the time given.
[A] no possibility
61[B] there was impossibility
[C] impossible
[D] it impossible
38. You ________ go now. It’s getting late.
[A] had rather
[B] would rather
[C] had better
[D] would better
39. Hot metal ________ as it grows cooler.
[A] contracts
[B] reduces
[C] condenses
[D] compresses
40. Wood does not conduct electricity; ________.
[A] so doesn’t rubber
[B] also doesn’t rubber
[C] nor does rubber
[D] nor rubber does
41. Comrade Li ________ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago.
[A] mustn’t
[B] can’t
[C] may not
[D] isn’t able to
42. I know it isn’t important but I can’t help ________ about it.
[A] but to think
[B] thinking
[C] think
[D] to think
43. The more we looked at the picture, ________.
[A] the less we liked it
[B] we like it less
[C] better we liked it
[D] it looked better
44. To succeed in a scientific research project ________.
[A] one needs to be persistent
[B] persistence is needed
62[C] one needs be a persistent person
[D] persistence is what one needs
Section V Error-detection
认辩错误：（本大题共5分，每题1分）下面句子中有 [A], [B], [C], [D]四处划线部分，在你认为是错误的一处
画上“○”。（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）
EXAMPLE:
It is very kind of you to supply me with so many informations.
A B C D
ANSWER: [D]
45. Never before has so many people in our country been interested in athletic sports.
A B C D
46. Those of us who work in that chemical plant should have their lungs X-rayed.
A B C D
47. After the traffic accident he laid in bed for two weeks, waiting for his wound to heal.
A B C D
48. We advice him to give up smoking and do a lot of exercises.
A B C D
49. The principal reason for the great number of smoke is that there are too many factories in the city.
A B C D
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）
50. 水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
51. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
52. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
53. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
54. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
55. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
56. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）
(1)
63The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.
First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed
as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,” and through painstaking work,
explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never
afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.
Second,Einstein’scontributionsshowedthegreatimportanceoftheoreticalworktoscientificeffort.
Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific
advances which have shaped modern technology.
Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In
this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist
movement.
Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius” whose theories are so complicated
that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put
him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to
interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.
Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to
understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards
science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.
(2)
Betweennowandtheendofthecentury,therewillbemanyexcitingdevelopmentsandalsomanydifficult
problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population
is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better
varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating
plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary
soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn
refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very
useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of
energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem,
scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.
The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低温学), are difficult
to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert
liquid helium (液态氦) and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making
them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam
of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used
in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a
deadly weapon.
But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in
the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large
number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century
he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).
641980 年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Use of Prepositions (5 points)
1. from 2. among
3. between 4. of
5. to 6. to, into
7. about 8. for
9. because of 10. with
Section II: Verb Tenses (10 points)
11. sign 12. have been set up
13. had flown 14. have been
15. are being painted 16. study
17. travels, appears 18. have … been digging
19. would undertake
Section III: Verb Forms (15 points)
20. given 21. meeting
22. done 23. falling
24. made 25. getting
26. to be seen 27. swept
28. Having failed 29. Caught (Having been caught, Being
caught)
Section IV: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)
30. [C] 31. [C] 32. [D] 33. [D] 34. [B]
35. [C] 36. [A] 37. [D] 38. [C] 39. [A]
40. [C] 41. [B] 42. [B] 43. [C] 44. [A]
Section V: Error-detection (5 points)
45. [A] 46. [D] 47. [B] 48. [A] 49. [B]
Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)
50. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.
51. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in
1980’s.
52. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).
53. The result is much (far) better than we expected.
54. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national
economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).
55. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.
6556. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our
country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.
Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
(1)
阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。
首先，他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。正如他所说的，他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的，”并经过艰
苦的劳动，了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。而且，当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因
斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。
其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性。虽然他自己很少在实验室工作，他所发展的
各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。
第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家，使他们积极参加共
产主义运动。
爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，他的理论是如此地难于理解，以致只有少数最杰出的科学家
才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的谦逊态度是众所周知的，他常常对来访
者强调说，如果没有他的话，别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就。
事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的。但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外，
他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的，而且也是应该学习的。
(2)
从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。也许最为迫切的问
题是提供足够的粮食。到2000年世界人口预期将达到70亿，但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优
良品种。他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。世界将面对着
的另一问题是处理废物。有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来
证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。事实是，任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的，因为石油已感不
足。要解决能源问题，科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能。
诸如激光学和低温学，某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的，它们两者已经有若干用途。低温学的过冷作用
将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”，将某些金属变成“超导体”，使它们没有电阻，从而可以在好些方面改变世界
面貌。激光，以它强烈的光束，可在金刚石上钻孔，也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术。问题是它将被
大量用于和平的目的呢，还是用途致使的武器。
但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面。过去的困难之一在于代价太高。但现在航天飞机正在发展，这种航天
飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已。人类已经到过月球。也许到本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的
观察。
66
