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专题08阅读理解七选五
一、2022年高考真题
1. (2022年全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
2. (2022年全国乙卷)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持)long-distance
friendships.·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系)and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such
as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy(共情)
38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to
seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason
was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ __ 3 6___ ”
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___ 3 7___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able tomove with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
,
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___ 3 8___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___ 3 9___
,
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___ 4 0___ Over time both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
4. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to
practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you canenter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
16. 【答案】D
【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your
pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一
次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要
讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写
作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
17. 【答案】B
【解析】空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.
(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the
waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语
境，故选B。
18. 【答案】E
【解析】空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个
技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save
yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你
将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the
first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼
应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符
合语境，故选E。
19. 【答案】F
【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space forrevision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers
don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的
“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”
相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
20. 【答案】G
【解析】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter
your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的
修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白
允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh
draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”
说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，
因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
5.(2022年1月浙江卷)
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most
of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because
I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle
I want.
Combine your activities.
,
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends family, work, play, etc.
____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work
environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the
people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progressand keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory
that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
二、2022届模拟题
Passage 1(2022·湖南湘潭·三模)
How to Respond when Someone Judges You
Dealing with judgment from other people can be tough, especially when it’s coming from a friend, family
member, or colleague. Judgmental people are unavoidable, but you can easily deal with their criticism using
positivity and compassion.
Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person’s words are a reflection of their own
beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else. ____1____.
Be sympathetic. Practice sympathy to understand the source of this person’s judgment. It could be that they
were judged by parents, family, or friends, in which case this person’s critical attitude would be something they
learned(and not necessarily intentional). While that doesn’t excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform
your response. Say things like “____2____,” or “I see where you’re coming from, but…” when you respond to
someone’s judgment.
Ask for clarification. ____3____. Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation for
saying it. You could ask then, “What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I’m open to hearing
it.” That way, you’re giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.
____4____. Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makes
you feel criticized, tell them how you feel. If someone is giving you criticism you didn’t ask for, you could say,
“____5____, and I have a plan that works for me.”
A．Stop talking like this
B．Set boundaries in the conversationC．I understand why you feel that way
D．I feel like I need to deal with this in my way
E．I know you want to talk but this is a sensitive subject for me
F．Judgmental people may not know they’re being rude or unreasonable
G．So the judgment they pass isn’t actually about you, though it can feel personal
Passage 2(2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测)
Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it?
____6____. When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.
What is being true to yourself?
Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. ____7____, then being true to
yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that
you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is
when your actions match how you really feel.
____8____
When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel
uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who
they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other
people. ____9____, and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.
How can I be true to myself?
____10____, and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to
say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with
yourself and what you want and need.
A．If you’re free and have nothing to do
B．All of us feel pressure to fit in at times
C．When do you need to be true to yourself?
D．Why is it important to be true to yourself?
E．If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book
F．They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong
G．One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people
Passage 3(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模)
We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace (优雅) without working at it. ____11____, makesure to avoid the following common body-language errors.
Slouching (佝背)
Slouching is a huge no-no. ____12____. It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for
long periods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, it’s time to straighten out that back. Try squaring out your
chest slightly while keeping your shoulders back.
Weak Handshaking
It’s programmed in our. minds to consider somebody with a weak handshake as untrustworthy. Unfortunately,
there’s no way around it—you either have a firm handshake and appear trustworthy or you don’t. It’s not a good
idea to have a crushing (太用力的) handshake, either. ____13____
Rolling Your Eyes
This is the classic way of showing discomfort or anger. ____14____, but your partner will definitely feel
offended by your way of letting them know what they said isn’t worth a second thought.
Leaning (倾斜) Back
____15____. It shows that you’re not threatening. However, there’s a fine line between leaning back right and
leaning back wrong. If done incorrectly, you’ll appear to be uninterested in what your partner has to say. It’s better
to play it safe and keep a straight back.
A．So try to stand straight
B．If you want your body to make the same impression
C．Sitting backward a bit can be good for your conversation
D．All cultures are different in terms of proper social conduct
E．But it’s one of the most commonly made body- language errors
F．It can feel good to respond to a silly statement by rolling your eyes
G．You can respond with similar amount of pressure that your shaking partner gives
Passage 4(2022·贵州·一模)
If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in
hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re probably having
trouble getting started in the first place! ____16____.
Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first.
You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. ____17____. You’ll feel
better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.
____18____. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’sworth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny
pieces. You’ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.
Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re
about to work for, just start. ____19____. This will deal with the fear factor, and you'll likely spend much longer
than 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.
Promise yourself you’ll get a reward when it’s done. You’re probably scared of the next however many hours
you need to finish this task. Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite
things. ____20____
A．Write a to-do list to set goals first.
B．Break tasks down into small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help you.
D．Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.
E．Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.
F．Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.
G．Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.
Passage 5(2022·江苏南通·二模)
Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was
known only to the Chinese.___21___ And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often
describe something they really like as their “Cup of tea?”
While we know that tea drink started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it
that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Following
his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and
noblemen. ___22___
___23___ over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture. The great Tang poet
Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language. Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea,
which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.
It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.___24___ Porters
carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes, to
trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses: ___25___ As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study
in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea wasshipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.
A．So, how did tea originate in China?
B．But how was tea introduced overseas?
C．Tea became the main theme in ancient poems,
D．The love of tea inspired many people to write about it,
E．Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa.
F．Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.
G．Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born.
Passage 6(2022·北京顺义·二模)
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a
similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____26____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the
temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre
in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices
connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-
conditioning.____27____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____28____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that
kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to
pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the
loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect
instead of destroy it.____29____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One
company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to
use it.
____30____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He
advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed
way of thinking.
A．In nature, everything gets recycled.
B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
Passage 7(2022·广东佛山·二模)
Understanding Your Feelings Helps You Name And Tame (驯服) Them
We all experience various feelings all the time. Some of them feel great, some feel unpleasant, and it’s helpful
to be able to recognize and understand how you’re feeling so you know how to deal with it.
____31____ They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness,
courage and hope, among many others.____32____ All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more
uncomfortable than others. It’s OK and natural to experience different emotions – and that includes emotions that
might not feel nice.
To deal with your feelings you need to recognize what they are. ____33____ Are your fists clenched (攥紧)?
Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach? Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time.
____34____ Or are you thinking that you really don’t want to do something? Once you have identified how you’re
feeling, you can label it by saying, for example, “I’m feeling angry” or “I’m feeling lonely” .
You can understand a difficult feeling and help yourselfto handle it. ____35____ If you’re upset about a
difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count to ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling
nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it. The person you talk to may be able to give you reassurance,
more information, a different point of view, or even help you take action to deal with the cause of your difficult
feeling.
A．Experts call this “name it to tame it” .
B．How can you deal with different feelings?
C．Perhaps you have the thought, “It’s not fair” .
D．Feelings are how people experience emotions.
E．First of all, notice what’s going on with your body.
F．They are shown through various body movements, to begin with.
G．Feelings are sometimes labelled as good or bad but that isn’t helpful.
Passage 8(2022·广东广州·一模)
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being
resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you
have at the time. ____36____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own
experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being
confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when
something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____37_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help,
it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being
resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make
you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____38_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel
about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think
about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you
can. ____39____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next
time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for
help. ____40____
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
