文档内容
大学英语四级阅读
Passage
Oceanography has been defined as “Theapplication of all sciences to the study of the
sea”.
Before the nineteen century, scientists with aninterest in the sea were few and far
between.Certainly Newton considered some theoreticalaspects of it in his writings,
but he was reluctant togo to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental
travelersor others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask
many questions aboutit, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time
that question “What is at thebottom of the oceans?” had tobe answered with any
commercial consequence was when thelaying of a telegraph cable from Europe to
America was proposed. The had to know the depthprofile(起伏形状)of the route to
estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.mote,and with the exception
of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living fromthe sea, there was
little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask whatlay beneaththe
surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to
beanswered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph
cable fromEurope to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth
profile(起伏形状)of theroute to estimate the length of cable that had to be
manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853,
forinformation on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for
encouraging voyagesduring which soundings(测身) were taken to investigate the
depths of the North Atlantic andPacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused
much popular interest in his book ThePhysical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and
reliable. Atthe early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it
was found to becovered in living growths, afact which defied contemporary scientific
opinion that there was nolife in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a
scientificexpedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands
of samples from thesea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years
and led to a five-volumereport, the last volume being published in 1895.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America madeoceanographicstudies take on ______.
A. an academic aspect
B. a military aspect
C. a business aspect
D. an international aspect
2. It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
A. the American Navy
B. some early intercontinental travelers
C. those who earned a living from the sea
D. the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
3. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.
A. to make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B. to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C. to estimate the length of cable that was needed
D. to measure the depths of the two oceans
4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “______”.
A. doubted
B. gave proof to
C. challenged
D. agreed to
5. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. the beginnings of oceanographyB. the laying of the first undersea cable
C. the investigation of ocean depths
D. the early intercontinental communications
参考答案
1.[C] 亊实判断题。文章第3段第2句提到，这个问題的解答是具有商业结果
的。C中的business为原文中commercial 同义改写，故选C。
2.[D] 细节题。文章第4段首句为一个强调句，强调的是宾语。题干也是一个
强调句型，但强调的是主语。如果把原文的强调句型改为一般的句型，就知道
向Maury寻求帮助的是the Atlantic Telegraph Company.故答案为D。A是Maury
的工作单位，可以排除;原文只提到对于一些早期的穿越洲际的旅行家和依靠海
洋维持生计的人，海洋并不遥远，故B、C与题意不符。
3.[D] 亊实判断题。文章第4段提到，19世纪 40年代，Maury负责推动进行测
深工作的海上航行，以此来探测北大西洋与太平洋的深度.故选D。
4.[C] 词义推断题。当时的科学观点是海洋较深的地方不存在生命，而事实上在
电缆表面发现了活的生物.由此可知这一亊实对当时的科学观点提出质疑，故答
案为C。
5.[A] 主旨题。通读全文可知，oceanography(海洋学)是全文的中心词，本文主
要讲述海洋学是如何起步的，故答案为A 。B、C只表述了原文中个別细节，
并非主题;D跟全文无关。
Passage
In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all
Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that
they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams
fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he
may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is
now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough,
can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden
illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of
pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be
more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides
that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects ofchemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual
may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these
very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may
seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases
which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their
worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of
nature" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)?
A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?
2. What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?
A. Pessimistic
B. Indifferent
C. Defensive
D. Concerned
3. In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of
pesticides _____.
A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D. is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming
4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.
A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s healthB. the present is more important for them than the future
C. the danger does not become apparent immediately
D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____.
A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides
参考答案
1.[B] 题干的句子是文章第1段第3句，这是一个带有插入语的简单句，
contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反，因此答案为B。
2.[D] 第2段最后一句提到，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，
它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。因此，作者对杀虫剂对环境的影响关注
且担忧,D符合题意。
3.[A] 第2段第2句提到，杀虫剂使人突然发病或者死亡是很令人难过的亊，
对于人口整体来说，人类对杀虫剂长期累计的潜在后果的认识不足，才是最严
重的问题，故选A。
4.[C] 根据第3段倒数第2句说的“对未来的灾难无动于衷是人的本性”以及最后
一句说的"大多数人只对有明显迹象的疾病予以关注”可知C正是人们忽视化学
药物的潜在危害的原因，故选C。
5.[D] Dubos博士话中“最可怕的敌人”指的是“杀虫剂引起的潜在危险”，博士话
中的slowly approach them unnoticed直接表明 D正确。
Passage
According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students,
Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card,
and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile
data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in
last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?" Then you find out that your
burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you arewith another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. Sound a little bizarre?
To some, this is restaurant equivalent of the Internet.The Net's ability to profile you
through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an
enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may notwant them to have.
Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a “cookie”?
Unfortunately, it’s not the Mrs. Reid’s type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer
code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge. During the
entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about
your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently
you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to
collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you—like
your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound
scary enough, cookies aren’t even the latest in technology. A new system called I-
librarian Alexa—named for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria,
Egypt—does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa
collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you
stay there, whether you click on ads，etc. All thisinformation is available to
marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid
for providing the information, you probably don’t even know that you are giving it.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress
was ________ 。
A. considerate
B. polite
C. irritating
D. unsmart
2.The author makes up the restaurant story in order to _______ 。
A.show the good service offered in some Web restaurants
B.criticize some restaurants for too considerate service
C.show the Internet’s ability to collect data on you
D.prove the incredible power of the Internet3.What can be learned about “cookie” from the second paragraph?
A.It was first created by Mrs. Reid.
B.It collects information on you without your knowing it
C.It’s some information sent to your computer about yourself.
D.It’s the latest in technology.
4.What can be learned about "Alexa" from the second paragraph?
A.Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt
B.Alexa is installed in libraries.
C.Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you.
D.Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie.
5.Which of the following words can best reflect the author's attitude to cookies and
Alexa?
A. Critical
B. Suspicious.
C. Objective.
D. Optimistic.
参考答案
1.[C] 推理判断题。第1段中，乔另约了一名新女友去餐馆，餐馆服务员却招呼
他坐在上次约会的女友身边，并且为他准备了与上次同样的食品，包括他节食
忌用的汉堡，这样的服务肯定会使乔做出负面的评价.因此选项A和选项 B部
不对。此外，这个故亊是为了指出滥用别人的个人资料会惹人讨厌，因此可推
断乔对餐厅服务员的做法会感到生气。选项D 虽然也是反面的评价，但是这个
选项可能表明乔不介意自己的资料被盗用，只是觉得餐厅服务员使用的时候不
够灵活。这与文章的主题不符。
2.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查例子与主题之间的关系。答题的依据是第1段最后
两句，文章指出餐馆跟因特网一样，它们都收集用户的信息。选项A 和B都只
渗及表面，选項D则不如选项C确切、具体。3.[B] 事实细节题。选择依据是第2段第3句及第4句。选项 B是对这两句话
的归纳。选項A谈的是可食用的甜饼，而不是本文叙述的用于收集用户信息的
一种软件。选項C是对第2段第3、4句的歪曲理解。文章明确提出了cookie
不是最 新的发明，选項D不正确。
4.[D] 事实细节题。本句考查复杂句的理解，并涉及两个事物的对比。第2段
介绍Alexa时，指明它does even more，接着用while连接一个让步状语从句，
其主句是关于Alexa的信息，据此可以判断选项D正确。选项 A和 B与原文
不符，容易排除。选項C指出Alexa能收集到所有必要的资料，这是对其作用
的夸大，实际上，根据倒数第3句，它收集的只是所有网上活动的资料。
5.[A] 观点态度题。判断依据是文中作者所使用的一些词句，如：usually
without your knowledge, sound scary及最后一句。这些显示了作者对cookie和
Alexa持反对、批评的态度。
Passage
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged Of
all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people
speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the
disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s,
neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise-the random
byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers
suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods
while the brain is off line. And one leading authority says that these intensely
powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under
conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. Its your dream, says Rosalind
Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicagos Medical Center, if you dont like it,
change it.
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights
clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing
toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through
negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied
with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days
events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can
exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken,
identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end
instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With
much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all
unless they keep us from sleeping or we wake up in panic, Cartwright says. Terrorism,
economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples
anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.
For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or
rather dream-on it and youll feel better in the morning.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that “dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, (Lines 4-5, Para.
1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreamsB.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
参考答案
1.[D] 词义理解题。在第1段第4句中，逗号后面的regulating moods是对
emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明，因此可以推断出选项D正确。
2.[C] 事实细节题。最 具干扰的是选项A，因为其陈述与第2段第 2句的陈述
有点相似,但是，此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦，之后都会做好梦，而不
是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且，根据本段第1 句，很明显，
选项C是这一句的近义替换。
3 [C] 推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代词it
应指上文说到的控制噩梦，及时醒来等做法，因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个
做法。选项A太泛了，选项B 和D在文中并无提及。
4.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后
一段第3句中therapist的意义，在考纲词汇表中，therapy是“治疗”的意思，因
此，therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生，由此可见，选项B是对原文
seek help from a therapist的近义替换。
5.[D] 观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要，梦还是不要控
制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些，因此本题应选D。
Passage
It happens to every medical student sooner or later. You get a cough that persists for a
while. Ordinarily,you would just ignore it--but now, armed with your rapidly growing
medical knowledge, you cant help worrying. The cough could mean just a cold, but it
could also be a sign of lung cancer.For doctors in training, nurses and medical journalists, hypochondria is an
occupational danger. The feeling usually passes after a while, leaving only a funny
story to tell at a dinner party. But for the tens ofthousands who suffer from true
hypochondria they live in constant terror that they are dying of some awfuldisease, or
even several awful diseases at once. Doctors can assure them that theres nothing
wrong, but since the cough is real, the assurances fall on deaf ears. And because no
physician or test can offer a 100% guarantee that one doesnt have cancer, a
hypochondriac always has fuel to feed Iris .or her worst fears.
Hypochondriacs dont harm just themselves; they block the whole healthcare system.
Although they account for only about 6% of the patients who visit doctors every year,
they tend to burden their physicians with frequent visits that take up excessive
amounts of time. And the problem may be worse, thanks to the popularity of medical
information on the Internet. They go on the Web and learn about new diseases and
new presentations of old diseases that they never even knew about before. Doctors
have taken to calling this phenomenon cyberchondria (网络疑病症).
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.According to the passage, if you suffer from hypochondria, ______.
A.you must be a medical student, or a medical worker
B.you are haunted by a possibly inexistent disease
C.you will never get rid of this disease
D.you always tell funny stories at dinner parties
2.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A.Hypochondria happens to everybody sooner or later.
B.We needn’t worry about hypochondria since it is not dangerous at all.
C.Hypochondria originates from too much knowledge of medicine.
D.Not only individuals but also the healthcare system might be disturbed by
unnecessary terrors.
3.Why can’t doctors convince the suffers that there is nothing wrong?
A.Because the doctors can’t cure the minor diseasesB.Because the doctors don’t assure them of that
C.Because the sufferers are deaf and cannot hear what the doctors say
D.Because lack of absolute guarantee makes the patients doubtful
4.The problem becomes worse due to _____
A.the increasing number of patients
B.the widespread medical knowledge on the Internet
C.the patients,regular visits to doctors that occupy too much time
D.new diseases and symptoms emerge constantly
5.What does the author most probably think about hypochondria?
A.The author considers that hypochondria is an incurable disease
B.The author thinks that the consequences of hypochondria might be disastrous
C.The author suggests that the patients who have hypochondria should set their hearts
at rest
D.The author sympathizes with the patients who suffer from hypochondria
参考答案
1.[B] 事实细节题。仔细读完第2段后半部分,不难发现hypochondria只是瞎猜
疑，故选项B正确。时常怀疑自己生病是医务人员的职业病，但为此困扰的并
不仅仅是他们，因为第2段第 3句说：“But... who suffer from true
hypochondria...”，说明医务人员不是真正的疑病症患者,故选项A不正确。选项
C过于极端。选项 D是对原文断章取义。
2.[D] 主旨大意题。第1段以举例方式引入主题，第2段对hypochondria下定
义，第3段则论述其对医疗保健体系造成的干扰，选项D正确全面地概括了文
章大意，为正确答案。全文的中心词是hypochondria,在四个选项中，干扰项(选
项A、B、C)都出现了该词，只有正确选项(选项D)没有直接使用该词。
3.[D] 事实细节题。根据文中的“because no physician or test can offer a 100%
guarantee that one doesn’t have cancer...”即可得出选项D正确。原文虽有表示“咳
嗽确实存在”，但这并不意味着医生不能治好类似的小毛病，因此选项A不正
确。误选C是没有正确理解短语fall on deaf ears,该固定表达的意思是“充耳不闻”。
4.[B] 推理判断题。句中thanks to是讽刺的用法，引出原因，故选项B正确。
本题考查因果关系，要辨别明显的因果关系，只要关注文中是否有because,
reason, due to, thanks to, result等词即可。
5.[C] 观点态度题。从作者对hypochondria的描述可以看出此病只是源于多疑，
并非生理上的不治之症，因此只要病人们放宽心，此病就能痊愈。故选项C正
确。选项A 的incurable 和B 的disastrous都太绝 对，比较容易排除。而本文
基调较为客观，作者没有表露个人情感，故选项D也不正确。
Passage
Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, thenumber keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of
Americanswere obese(肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion hadgrown to 27%.
Youngsters, who should have age andactivity on their side, are growing larger as well:
19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbandshave been popping in other western
countries too, asphysical activity has declined and diets haveexpanded. By and large,
people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).
Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against
malnutrition andfamine. But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of
the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being
out of the frying pan andinto the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor
world comes from the Pacificislands, home of the worlds most obese communities. In
1966, 14% of the men on this islandwere obese while 100% of men under the age of
30 in 1996 were obese.
This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished
and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊). The mix can even
occur within a singlehousehold. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly
10% contained both the hungryand the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but
might have something to do with peopleof different ages being given different
amounts of food to eat.
The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak. In many affected countries there
arecultural factorsto contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together,
or onfood as a form. of hospitality.Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on
the part ofpolicymakers that such a problem Could existin their countries. Add to that
reluctance on thepart of governments to spend resources on promoting dietand
exercise while starvation is stilla real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction.
Unless something is done soon, it mightnot be possible to turn the clock back.
Choose correct answers to the question:1.The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ______.
A.many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroom
B.more people are overweighed in the United States
C.people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scales
D.youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities
2.As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.
A.other western countries has been defeated by fat
B.obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich world
C.waistbands begin to be popular in other western countries
D.western countries can no longer fight against obesity
3.Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands?
A.The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.
B.Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too.
C.Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage.
D.The problem of overweight emerges very fast.
4.Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage that____
A.the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacity
B.no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleak
C.it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solved
D.we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable
5.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.B.The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.
C.Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.
D.Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.
参考答案
1.[B] 推理判断题。根据第1段第2句可推断第1句中的the number是指体重
增加的人数，故答案为B。
2.[B] 推理判断题。本题需要正确理解借代修饰手法。Waistbands have been
popping形象刻画出其他西方社会急剧肥胖化的过程，故答案为B。本题很明显
是考查因果关系的，第1段倒数第 2句明确指出这个因果关系，只要根据该句
做出选择就可以了。如果看得过远,反而有可能误选A 或D。
3.[A] 事实细节题。此处的例子是证明前一句话的，即But后面的内容。同时，
两个年份的比较也突出问题发展的迅猛，从而印证下一段的主题句“This
increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast.”说明了贫穷与肥胖是并存的。
例子一般是用来证明紧挨着的前面或后面的论述，此处证明的观点在之前，其
中的重点应该是But后面的内容，所以选项A 与文中意思不符。注意本题要选
的是NOT the point of the example。
4.[D] 观点态度题。文章最后一句扭转了整段的基调。作者呼吁解决这一问
题，前文正是为此作铺垫，突出问题的复杂性和时间的紧迫性。
5.[A] 主旨大意题。本文话题为obesity，作者从美国谈到所有西方国家，最后
重点讨论其在发展中国家的最 新发展趋势以及种种可能的成因，并强调应当尽
早解决问题，故选项A正确。肥胖问题的阵营没有转移，只是扩大了，故选项
D不对。选项 B只是片面信息，没有包括最后一段关于如何解决肥胖问题的内
容。选项C中的starvation并非本文讨论的主要话题。
Passage
For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the
music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as
they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence,
occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The
performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries,
but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots.
And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony
Corp.s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneralmanager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid
entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the
current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant,
weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own
servomotor(辅助马达).
QRIOs predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak,
recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-
coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball,
move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to
avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to
remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Mans Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sonys Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
参考答案
1.[A] 主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述
“舞蹈演员”，然后揭晓这是些“机器人”(第2段第1句)，接着对Sony公司的一
些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D
只是涉及细节，不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统，不具有针对
性。
2.[C] 事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a
series of... robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定
选项A。第 1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第 2句可
否定选项D。
3.[D] 事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2
段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即
选项B;第 4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故
为答案。
4.[A] 推理判断题。该句中的分词结构“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream
Robot是第 一个人形娱乐机器人，因此选项 A 正确。文章在最后一段的第1句
提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人，但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样，由此可否定选项B。在第 3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最 大，因此
选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。
5.[B] 事实细节题。该句中“two…cameras to...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用
于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作
机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功
能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。
Passage
Henry III didnt know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the
1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that its the
fathers sperm, not the mothers egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a
girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生
育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to
choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist
used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass
single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏). In
a study published last week, girl sperm, which has more DNA—the genetic
material— in each cell, was collected, while boy sperm was discarded. And when
purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17
resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that sex selection can also double a mothers chance of having a
son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as
hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist
Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子
宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to
daughters. Its valuing one gender over another, Grifo says. I dont think thats
something we should be doing. So far, patients at the institute have been asking for
both boys and girls, in order to balance their families. And some ethics experts say
thats fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. If you have
three boys, and you want a girl, says University of Texas reproductive-law professor
John Robertson, thats not gender bias at all.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tubeD.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the fathers DNA
B.the mothers DNA
C.the fathers sperm
D.the mothers egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of sex selection ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author’s toward”sex selection”is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
参考答案1.[B] 推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通
过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意
思，可以推断single file是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，
由此也可否定选项D。选项 A最 具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比
作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧
的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却
截然不同。
2.[C] 事实细节题。第1段第3 句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the
fathers sperm，而不是插入语the mother’s egg,因此选项C正确。
3.[D] 推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic 暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选
项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项 A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2
段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项 C是错误的。
4.[A] 事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由 which引导的定语从句表明选项A
的叙述正确。
5.[C] 观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是
没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。
Passage
Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six
Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed
incredible 50 years ago. And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than
slow down within our lifetime. The developments in technology are bound to have a
dramatic effect on the future of work. By 2010, new technology will have
revolutionized communications. People will be transmitting messages down telephone
lines that previously would have been sent by post. Not only postmen but also clerks
and secretaries will vanish in a paper-free society. All the routine tasks they perform
will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so that they will be as obsolete(已废弃的) as the
horse and cart after the invention of the motorcar. One change will make thousands, if
not millions, redundant.
Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are
unlikely to escape the effects of new technology. Instead of going to a solicitor, you
might go to a computer that is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal
information. Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry
out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend more efficient
courses oftreatment. In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching
machines far more knowledgeable than any human being. Most learning will take
place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until
another place is created where they can make friends and develop social skills.Choose correct answers to the question:
1.According to the writer, the rate of change in technology______.
A.will remain the same
B.will slow down
C.will speed up
D.can not be predicted
2.The writer expects that by 2020 new technology will have revolutionized
communications and ____
A.people needn’t telephone each other
B.the present postal system will have disappeared
C.people will no longer send letters
D. the postmen will have been replaced by silicon chip.
3.The word “they” (Line 6，Para. 1) refers to _____.
A. the tiny silicon chips
B.the letter written on paper
C. the postmen, clerks and secretaries
D.the routine tasks performed by the postmen
4.From the second paragraph, we can infer that _____
A. professionals won’t be affected by new technology
B.doctor won’t be as efficient by the postmen
C. computers cannot replace lawyers
D.experts will lose job in the future
5.In the writer’s view, _______.A.people should get prepared for the future
B.there exists no real threat of unemployment
C.the advance of technology is not desirable
D.machines will have control over men
参考答案
1.[C] 事实细节题。只要知道第1段第2句中的关键词accelerate意为 speed
up“加速,加快”，就可以排除其他选项。
2.[B] 事实细节题。本题考査对比处。作者在第1段第 5句中通过previously将
过去与现在作对比,指出现在传递消息的途径与过去不一样了，由此可判断B为
正确选项。本题最 具干扰性的是选项C，第 1 段倒数第3句提到以 后邮递员
将会消失，但这并不意味着人们不再写信和寄信，以后可能会有新的送信方
式，因此选项C是不对的。
3.[C] 词义推断题。they所在的句子是第1段倒数第2句，本句中两个they的
指代是一样的，因此，只要找到第 一个they 的指代就能找到答案了。根据本
段倒数第3句中“Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish”及倒
数第2句中的“All the routine tasks they perform...”可推断，they是指上一句中的
postmen，clerks 和 secretaries 。
4.[B] 推理判断题。本题考査列举处。在第2段,作者列举了律师、医生、教师
将会受到的新技术的影响，第3句指出医生的电子竞争者会做出更快更准的诊
断,从而确定选项B说法正确，而选项 A和 C 与原文不符，选项D言过其实，
且缺乏合理的原文依据。
5.[A] 观点态度题。作者举出了大量实例暗示和告诫人们：正因为人类技术的
发展日新月异，许多职业的存在都将受到威胁，人们应该采取积极态度以应对
这种变化。选项B显然与第1段最后一句相悖;选项C无合理的推 断依据;文中
虽提到新技术会在多方面影响人类,但并不能由此推断机器会控制人类,所以选项
D不对。
Passage
In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi
driver? I began studyingthis question and found the answers interesting.
One morning I got into three different taxis and announced, "Well, it's my first day
back in New York in seven years. I've been in prison." Not a single driver replied, so I
tried again. "Yeah, I shot a man in Reno." I explained, hoping the driver would ask mewhy, but nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver, "Reno? That
is in Nevada?"
Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I'd just been fired. "This is
America," a Haitian driver said. "One door is closed. Another is open." He argued
against my plan to burn down my boss's house. A Pakistani driver even turned down a
chance to profit from my loss of hope; he refused to take me to the middle of the
George Washington Bridge--a $20 trip. "Why you want to go there? Go home and
relax. Don't worry. Take a new job."
One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed
pillowcase with the word"BANK" on it, I tried calling a taxi five times outside
different banks. The driver picked me up every tie. My ride with a Haitian driver was
typical of the superb assistance I received.
"Let's go across the park." I said. "I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000."
"$25,0007" he asked.
"Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?"
"No, man. I work 8 hours and I don't make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too."
As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank.
"Hey, there's another bank," I said, "Could you wait here a minute while I go inside?"
"No, I can't wait. Pay me now." His reluctance may have had something to do with
money--taxi drivers thinkthe rate for waiting time is too low--but I think he wanted
me to learn that even a bank robber can't expect unconditional support.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. From the Ghanaian driver's response, we can infer that_____
A .he was indifferent to the killing
B. he was afraid of the author
C. he looked clown upon the author
D. he thought the author was crazy
2. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the GeorgeWashington Bridge?
A. Because he was able to help the author to find a new job.
B. Because he wanted to go home and relax.
C. Because it was far away from his home.
D. Because he thought that the author would commit suicide.
3. What is the author's interpretation of the driver's reluctance "to wait outside the
Chemical Bank"?
A. The driver thought that the rate for waiting time was too low.
B. The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.
C. The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.
D. The driver did not want to help a suspect to escape from a bank robbery.
4. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers?
A. They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.
B. They refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.
C. They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.
D. They work only for money.
5. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. how to please taxi riders
B. how to deal with taxi riders
C. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards riders in personal trouble
D. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards troublesome taxi riders
参考答案
1.[A] 推理判断题。从第2段最后一句的only response可以看出这个司机只问了一个与杀人这件事无关的问题，由此可见，司机对此事毫不关心，态度冷
淡。
2.[D] 推理判断题。本题的关键在于了解在美国，髙耸的大桥通常是人们自杀
的场所。根据这个背景知识，以及第3段中司机说的relax和Don’t worry可推
断出司机以为作者要到华盛顿桥去自杀。
3.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。答案可以在文章的最后一句话中
找到，破折号后面but引出的转折句才是作者对司机不愿等人的理解。A是一
般出租车司机的想法，由may可知作者并不确定那个司机是否有此考虑,A不
对;C和 D都无原文依据。
4.[C] 推理判断题。答案可从第3段第1句话中找到,C是该句的同义替换。A
中的do whatever you want to过于绝 对;B不符合逻辑，因为司机不可能先问乘
客是否要自杀才决定要不要载这个乘客;巴基斯坦司机的例子表明司机不都是只
为了钱，因此D不正确。
5.[C] 主旨大意题。文章开篇第1句话就是整篇文章的主题句，接下来的各段内
容都是围绕此主题展开的，C与之意思相符，故选C。本题最 具干扰性的是D,
事实上，该选项中的troublesome意为“烦人的”，而不是"陷人麻烦的”，因此不
能用该词形容文中的乘客，故排除D。
Passage
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they
see on TV —if they everget home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the
cops don't think much of them.
The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his
training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what
evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know as a professional lawyer,
and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an
alley after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad (穿衣不多的) ladies or in
dramatic confrontationswith desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working
life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,
unimportant people who are guilty —or not —of stupid, petty crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he's arrested, the
story is over. i real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very
serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks — where failure to produce results
reflects on the standing of the police —little effortis spent on searching.
Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case incourt and to do thathe often has to gather a lot of different evidence. So, as well as
being overworked, a detective has to beout at all hours of the day and night
interviewing his witnesses and persuade them usually against their own best interests,
to help him.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The first sentence implies that ________.
A.the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely different
B.the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in time
C.the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TV
D.the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time
2.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law _____.
A.so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
C.so that he can justify his arrests in court
D.because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
3.The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ______.
A.exciting and glamorous
B. full of danger
C.devoted mostly to routine matters
D. wasted on unimportant matters
4.When murders and terrorist attacks occur,the police______.
A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away
B.make great efforts to try to track down their man
C.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputationD.usually fail to produce results
5.What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Policemen and Detective
B.Policemen’s Life-Fun and Fantasy
C.The Real Life of a Policeman
D.Drama and Reality
参考答案
1.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对第1句的理解。if引出的条件状语从句前的破折
号表明这个假设是相对于之前的看电视来说的，而不是相对于整句话的。该句
特意用if作补充说明，暗示了一些附加的信息：真实生活中的警察通常很晚回
家，连看电视都赶不上。由此可见,C是正确的理解。A说法过于绝 对，与原
文的hardly不符。
2.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查内在的因果关系。从第2段第 3句可以推断出答
案,A毫无原文依据，原文中也并没有暗示B 和D这两种因果关系。
3.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。根据第3段第 2句可以推断出答
案。本题最 具干扰性的是B，按照常识,警察的工作通常都被认为很危险，但
是第3段第 1句由Little引出的倒装句表明了他们很少与亡命之徒交锋，并非
充满危险，因此B不对;而D将在文中用来修饰people 的unimportant拿来修饰
“事情”,显然偷换概念，曲解原文。
4.[B] 推理判断题。本题考查对复合句的理解。答题关键在于正确理解第4段最
后一句，except引出的句子暗示警方只有在遇到特别严重的犯罪时追捕罪犯才
会花费很大的气力，B符合文意。本题最 具干扰性的是C,由本句第2个破折号
后的内容可知此处主要强调“费不费劲”的问题，而C中的make a quick airest并
未突显出原文的关键含义，不如B准确。
5.[C] 主旨大意题。本文的重点是说瞀察们的现实生活，全文将这种现实生活与
电视里面展现的作比较,是为澄清事实，故C可概括全文主题。
Passage
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to
Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross campaign for a total ban on all anti-
personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around
the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosionscaused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those
figures broughtthe reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who
had lost her leg, and people like her."
The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines". And she
used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British
government, which refused tosupport a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians
launched an attack On the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-
informed" and a "loose cannon (乱放炮的人)
The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: "This is a distraction (干扰)
we do not need. AllI’m trying to do is help."
Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the
Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the
Princess trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very
well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy
regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that
the Princess views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and
that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban.The Defence Secretary, Michael
Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding." -
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use
her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can
cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to
people and their problems.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _____
A. to clarify the British governments stand on landmines
B. to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
C. to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D. to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
2. What did Diana mean when she said "... putting a face to those figures brought therealityhome to me" (Line 5, Para. 1)?
A. Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
B. She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
D. Seeing the pain of the victims made realize the seriousness of the situation.
3. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because _____
A. she had not consulted the government before the visit
B. she was ill-informed of the governments policy
C. they were actually opposed to banning landmines
D. they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
4. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A. She made more :appearances on TV.
B. She paid no attention to them.
C. She rose to argue with her opponents.
D. She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
5. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A. It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B. It had greatly promoted her popularity.
C. It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
D. It had affected her relations with the British government.
参考答案
1.[A] 根据题干中的时间、人名可以马上找到信息源为文章第1句，其中的不
定式正好与选项的形式一致,表示目的，只要将选项内容与原文第1句中的不定式结构内容相对照即可得出答案为A。
2.[D] 此题考查语义及逻辑推理能力，关键在于理解brought the reality home to
sb. (使某人了解到现实)及I knew the statistics, but...的隐含义“我知道统计数字，
但是(没想到会这么严重)”。再结合上文可知D的表述正确。C错在黛安娜不是
亲身看到那些受害者之后才相信该统计数字的。
3.[B] 第3段第1句指出，回到伦敦，她的观点并没有得到英国政府的一些官员
的认可。黛安娜是支持banning landmines(禁止地雷)的，故英国政府的一些官员
是反对禁止地雷，因此答案选B。而从第 5段第2句“……黛安娜王妃出访已获
英国外交部批准，而且事实上她对安哥拉的形势和英国政府有关地雷的政策都
很了解。’’可知A、C、D的说法均不正确。
4.[A] 此题关键在于理解第4段第1句中brush aside“无视,不顾，漠视”这个短
语，A的paid no attention与brush aside同义,故选A。
5.[B] 根据文章最后一句，黛安娜总结其出访安哥拉的意义，B中的brought her
closer to the ordinary people是原文get closer to people and their problems的同义
改写。
Passage
I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either
happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years
ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to
prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s
children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis
showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than
children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing
physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in
community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more
dangerous place.
Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next
generation cope.
At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of
individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build
communities and protect individuals against stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and
computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-
face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not
just video games andmovies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people
never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own
anxieties and provide a goodmodel for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable.
But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind
are ________.
A. surprising
B. confusing
C. illogical
D. questionable
2. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back” (Line 1,
Para. 3)?
A. It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B. The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D. It’s impossible to forget the past.
3.According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as
mentallyill 50 years ago ________.
A. were less isolated physically
B. were probably less self-centered
C. probably suffered less from anxietyD. were considered less individualistic
4.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ______
A. to provide them with a safer environment
B. to lower their expectations for them
C. to get them more involved socially
D. to set a good model for them to follow
5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B. Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
C. Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.
参考答案
1.[D] 题目中的people’s state of mind就是本文第1句中 either happier or
unhappier or more or less certain of themselves。而对于这种研究，作者开门见山
地表明自己的态度是skeptical怀疑的，因此该研究结论是questionable “可疑
的”，故选D。
2.[B] 第3段说“虽然我们无法使时光倒流,但是我们成年人还是可以做很多事情
来帮助下一代，使他们可以妥善应对”所以，“使时光倒流”实质上是改变孩子们
现在所生活的环境，正确答案为B。
3.[C] 只要读懂第1段最后一句的比较结构:该分析显示，现在9到17岁的普通
儿童比50年前接受精神病治疗的儿童所表现出来的焦虑不安程度还要高,此题
答案就一目了然，即选C。
4.[C] 根据第4段开头的At the top of the list可知答案可在该段中寻得。由该段
最后一句“加强社会联系有助于社区的建设,也有助于使个人免受压力的侵扰”可
知正确答案为C。
5.[A] 根据文章最后两句“有时候焦虑是难免的,但它并不是非要毁掉你的生活不
可”可知A说法与之相符，故选A。Passage
It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents
than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of children who
remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also
true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of
parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护)rights.
Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory
could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry
custody baffle between the man who raised herand her biological parents, with whom
she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only
father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have "no legal claim" on
her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is
the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s
long overdue.
Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were
mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological
parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in
1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimt
only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families
agreed that Mr.Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights.
Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the
judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue ( 起诉) on her own behalf.
Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw
fit.
Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological
parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not
convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?
A. The biological link.
B. The child’s benefits.
C.The traditional practice.
D. The parents’ feelings.2. We can learn from the Kimberly case that
A. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
B. the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
C. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
D. biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their child is adopted
3. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because
A. they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays’ custody
B. they regarded her as their property
C. they were her biological parents
D. they felt guilty about their past mistake
4. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays
A. by sheer accident
B. out of charity
C. at his request
D. for better care
5. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as
A. doubtful
B. Critical
C. cautious
D. supportive
参考答案
1.[B] 推理判断题。根据第2段最后一句“女孩被判给她认识的父亲，即养父，而非生父”以及全文的最后一句中all the rights of children,可以推断,该判决是从
孩子本身的利益出发的，故选B而排除A。
2.[A] 事实细节题。根据倒数第2段最后一句“金伯莉不仅仅是大人们觉得合适
就可以随意处置的“财产”可知a与该句相符，其中的personal possessions为原
文中property的同义表达。
3.[C] 事实细节题。第4段第2、3句指出“金伯莉的亲生父母，欧内斯特和里贾
纳·特维格，......医学测试显示……金伯莉才是他们的孩子，从而引发了特维格
夫妇与罗伯特·梅斯之间的监护权争讼案”，由此可知，C与之相符。
4.[A] 事实细节题。第4段第1句提到，金伯莉·梅斯与另一名婴儿被阴差阳错
地调换了，她们跟着不是自己亲生父母的人一起回了家，由此可知A正确。
5.[D] 观点态度题。在最后一段作者用But转折句说明自己的观点，即“但生身
父母并不总是比养父母更合适”,可见作者是支持法官将金伯莉判给其养父的。
Passage
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of
all their absent-mindedactions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their
embarrassing lapses(差错)in a scientific report, hewas surprised to find that nearly all
of them fell into a few groupings, Nordid the lapses appear to be entirely random(随
机的).
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her
dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. "the explanation for this is
that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor. "People programme
themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every
morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the
action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the
volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves
doing---an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when
we are at our zaniest(荒谬可笑的).These aretwo hours some time between eight a.m.
and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten
p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain’ programmes’
occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported
slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they
were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of
doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces
the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating morecould make things a lot worse m even dangerous.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________
A. to keep track of people who tend too forget things
B. to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C. to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
2. Professor Smith discovered that ________
A. certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C. men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
3. "Programme assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that
people ______
A. often fail to programme their routines beforehand
B. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C. unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D. are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
4. We learn from the third paragraph that _______
A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day
B. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods
C. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness
D. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations5.It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C. people should be careful when programming their actions
D. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
参考答案
1.[D] 事实细节题。本文第1句中的to keep a diary of all their absent-minded
actions就是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,题目中的subjects
指实验对象，被测试者。
2.[A] 事实细节题。根据第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以
找到本题答案，题目中的discover是该句中find的同义词,A的patterns与原文
中的groupings意义相同。
3.[C] 语义题。根据第2段最后两句提到,但是不知怎么的这种行为在程序中颠
倒了。这些被测试者报告的事件中二十个中有一个属于这种“流水线程序错
误”。C 的unconsciously 与somehow对应,change the sequence of doing things与
the action got reversed对应，故本题选C。
4.[A] 事实细节题。根据第3段的第2、3句“一天之中似乎存在一些人们易犯荒
谬可笑错误的高峰时段”,之后到举了几个高峰时间，可知A与之相符。
5.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“一般来说，我们会以为技术娴熟可以减
少错误。但是为了避免出现愚蠢的失误而更加专注，只会把事情弄得更糟糕，
甚至会导致危险。”可知D“差错并不总是注意力不集中导致的” 正确。
Passage
Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or
wondering why you just entered aroom-are caused by a simple lack of attention,says
Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, butyou haven’t encoded it
deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has
a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying
situations. If you put your mobile phonein a pocket, for example, and don’t pay
attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably
forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Yourmemory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory
system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports
statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the
mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay
more attention to their environment, and memory relies on justthat.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue
is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药
物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine
chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering
why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone
does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where
you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
A. It helps us understand our memory system better.
B. It enables us to recall something form our memory.
C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.
2. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
A. they have a wider range of interests
B. they are more reliant on the environment
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
A. it will easily get lostB. it’s not clear enough for you to read
C. it’s out of your sight
D. it might get mixed up with other things
4. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C. Repetition helps improve our memory.
D. If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The process of gradual memory loss.
B. The causes of absent-mindedness.
C. The impact of the environment on memory.
D. A way if encoding and recalling.
参考答案
1.[B] 事实细节题。根据第2段第1句可知，encoding是关注某事的一种特殊方
式，这影响到以后是否能回忆起这件事来，因此B正确。
2.[D] 事实细节题。根据第3段第3句，“女性比男性的记忆力稍强，这也许是
因为她们对周围的环境更加注意，而记忆正是依靠这个”，故选D “她们对于周
围发生的事更感兴趣”。
3.[C] 事实细节题。根据第4段首句中说到的“视觉线索可以防止遗忘某事”可知
破折号之后的警告“不要把药瓶放在药箱里，然后写一张纸条装进口袋”正是为
了防止药瓶、提示性信条离开了视线，故选C。
4.[A] 推断题。根据最后一段的前两句“心不在焉的另一个常见的情景是:走进房
间,却不知为什么要进来。你很有可能是在想别的事”,可知本题答案为A。
5.[B] 主旨题。根据第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要讲的是精神不集中
的原因，故选B。Passage
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long
been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and
farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population.
Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially
trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually
catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red
coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and
hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over
the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they
think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off
without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦
者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with
the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the
dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that
they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year
supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party
Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament toapprove a new
law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is
passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A. for recreation
B. in the interests of the farmers
C. to limit the fox population
D. to show off their wealth
2. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison.B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C. The hunters have set rules to follow.
D. The hunters have to go through strict training.
3. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A. by resorting to violence
B. by confusing the fox hunters
C. by taking legal action
D. by demonstrating on the scene
4. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D. prevent large-scale fox hunting
5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. killing foxes with poison is illegal
B. limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
参考答案
1.[A] 事实细节题。根据第3段第1句的前半部分People who take part in
hunting think of it as a sport可知，参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动，
A与之相符。
2.[C] 事实细节题。根据第3段首句末尾说，凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则，C “猎手已建立起需要遵循的规则”与之相符，故选C。
3.[B] 事实细节题。第4段末句提到，在大部分情况下，阻拦者利用为骑马的人
引错路和进行气味干扰来干涉捕猎，B与之相符，故选B。
4.[B] 事实细节题。文章倒数第2句提及，督促议会通过一项新法案,将带狗猎
杀野生动物列为非法。而狐狸是野生动物的一种，故选B。
5.[C] 推断题。.根据第4段第2句后半部分可知，反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升
是因为他们认为捕猎狐狸是残酷的，故选C。
Passage
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness
actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are
equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is
true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.
They fear the paininevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children,
professional achievement, religious commitment(承担的义务), self improvement.
Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be
less and less satisfying.If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in fact quitepainful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or three-day
vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising
children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of
watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of
the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to
activities that can genuinely increase ourhappiness. It liberates money: buying that
new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increaseour happiness now
seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who
arealways having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because______
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is_______
A. a moral duty
B. a rewarding task
C. a thankless job
D. a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from______
A. hatred
B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice
D. ignorance
4. To understand what true happiness is one must_______
A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
参考答案
1.[A] 第3段第2句解释了单身汉为什么不愿结婚的原因，A项的reluctant to
take on family responsibilities是对原文中afraid of making a commitment的同义替
换,故选A。本题中D项的干扰性比较强，但这不是单身汉不愿结婚的直接原
因，且文中也说到Marriage has such moments,所以put an end的说法也不正确，
故排除。
2.[C] 原文第4段中说，虽然养孩子的过程实在不能算是“有趣”,但决定不要孩
子的夫妇们永远也不能了解看着孩子长大的那种欢乐以及与孙儿一起玩耍的欢
乐。换言之，在作者看来，养孩子虽辛苦，但也是值得的，故答案为C。
3.[B] 文章最后一段最后一句说它还让我们从嫉妒中解脱出来：我们现在了解到
那些总有很多乐趣的人也许根本就不幸福。这说明我们嫉妒别人是误以为那些
总有很多乐趣的人很幸福，这是一种误解，故选B。
4.[D] 由文章第1段和最后一段第1句可看出要理解真正的幸福就要把fun和
happiness区分开，故选D。
5.[A] 本题是主旨题。主旨题的答案常位于首段或结尾段。本题的答案可以在
文章第1段最后一句找到：通往幸福的路上多半会涉及到痛苦，因此本题选
A。D中虽也提到pain,但对分强调pain对幸福的作用，故错误。
