文档内容
大学英语四级阅读
Passage
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the
organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is
certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at
least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with
other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices
and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one
they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males
who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in
line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they
thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but
“nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a
significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You
must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining
chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable
contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more
likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open
market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate
time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A. demonstrate his capability
B. give his boss a good impression
C. ask for as much money as he can
D. ask for the salary he hopes to get2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C. try to get inside information about the organization
D. do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A. meet his boss at the appropriate time
B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
参考答案
1.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论：“It is easier to negotiate initial
salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意 C中 as much…as
he can意思太绝 对，不妥。
2.[B] 推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2
段第1句，第 3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。
3.[A] 推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你
可能就会得到满足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase
中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第 1句。
4.[D] 事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance“工作表现”，timing“抓住时
机”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一
致。
5.[C] 事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在
合适的时候拿出来,而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注
意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在适当的时候拿出筹
码”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。
Passage
In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all
proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is
eliminated,the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the
Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to
prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors,
and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the
Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet
hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and
Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic
movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in
recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the
Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks
are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can
broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee--
--not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This
is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues, and corporate
sponsorships,tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is
also direct government support.
Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, theOlympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less
than expected, the city was left with large debts.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.During voting, the city ______ will win host of Olympics.
A. getting most votes in the first vote
B. getting more than half votes
C. being supported by a major city
D. going around successfully
2.In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT________ .
A. the time zone of the host city
B. the existing facilities of the host city
C. whether the area has hosted the Games
D. whether profit could be made by the host city
3.According to the passage, one of the reasons for Tokyo to be the host of Olympics
in 1964 may be _______.
A. it’s a major city of Japan
B. it's a famous city
C. it s a city in Asia
D. it's nice and cool in summer
4.Every Olympic Games is financed by ________.
A.the local government and the financial organizations
B.the local government and the organizing committee
C.the IOC and the National Olympic CommitteeD.the local companies and the local media
5.The word "proceeds" in the last sentence most probably means "__________" .
A. sponsorship
B. reputation
C. financial support
D. financial profit
参考答案
1.[A] 事实细节题。根据第1段可知，根据调査，当今处于传统年龄的大学一
年级的学生在17年来的民意测验中是“最追求物质享受、最自私的”，这与A
所述相一致。
2.[B] 事实细节题。根据第2段第1句指出现在大学生选择专业的目的是为了经
济上的富裕，B中的financial goals对应文中的financial well off，故正确。
3.[D] 句意理解题。本句首 选强调Career职业的重要性，之后强啁我们也必须
理解其他领域的知识，所以这句目的是强调全面教育的重要性，故D正确。
4.[B] 事实细节题。根据第5段第2句：同样毋庸置疑的还有，学习他人的各种
智慧时，我们也学会怎样去思考。句中how to think与 B中的 see things
in…right perspective意思最为相反，故B正确。
5.[D] 事实细节题。根据文章的第5至6段可知，作者认为罢工要求加薪等一
些追求眼前利益的行为是目光短浅的，故D正确。
Passage
According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students,
today’s traditional-agecollege freshmen are ”more materialistic and less altruistic (利
他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.
Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially
well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It
follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but
accounting.
Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other
hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical
company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the
job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.
While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has
accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own
and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they
scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others,
we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the
connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their
employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the
accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon
recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a
conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,”he
says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”
From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author’s observation, college students _______.
A. have never been so materialistic as today
B. have never been so interested in the arts
C. have never been so financially well off as today
D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.
A. the influences of their instructors
B. the financial goals they seek in life
C. their own interpretations of the courses
D. their understanding of the contributions of others3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),
the author means that _______.
A. business management should be included in educational programs
B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed
C. human intellectual development has reached new heights
D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.
A. create varying artistic interests
B. help people see things in their right perspective
C. help improve connections among people
D. regulate the behavior of modern people
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
参考答案
1.[A]事实细节题。根据第1段可知，根据调査，当今处于传统年龄的大学一年
级的学生在17年来的民意测验中是“最追求物质享受、最自私的”，这与A所
述相一致。
2.[B]事实细节题。根据第2段第1句指出现在大学生选择专业的目的是为了经
济上的富裕，B中的financial goals对应文中的financial well off，故正确。
3.[D]句意理解题。本句首 选强调Career职业的重要性，之后强啁我们也必须
理解其他领域的知识，所以这句目的是强调全面教育的重要性，故D正确。
4.[B]事实细节题。根据第5段第2句：同样毋庸置疑的还有，学习他人的各种智慧时，我们也学会怎样去思考。句中how to think与 B中的 see things
in…right perspective意思最为相反，故B正确。
5.[D]事实细节题。根据文章的第5至6段可知，作者认为罢工要求加薪等一些
追求眼前利益的行为是目光短浅的，故D正确。
Passage
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged
food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came
every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered
two or three times each week. The Sunday meatwould last until Wednesday and
surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and
we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased,
fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food
preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying,
smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity,
marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of
a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where
they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they
are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away
continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space
inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired
temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to
human happiness has been not important. If you don't believe me, try it yourself,
invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the
hamburgers(汉堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily."
suggests that______.
A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.
C.there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s.
D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.
2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?
A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.
3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?
A. Inventors.
B. Consumers.
C. Manufacturers.
D. Travelling salesmen.
4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative
effect on the environment?
A.“Hum away continuously”.
B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”.
C.“Artificially-cooled space”.
D.“With mild temperatures”.
5.What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?
A. Neutral.
B. Critical.
C. Objective.D. Compromising.
参考答案
1.[C] 句意理解题。由句中的childhood可知，fifties指的应该是50年代，而不
可能是50多岁，据此可排除 A、B;fridgeless 是合成词，由词根fridge"冰箱”和
表示否定的后缀-less组成，由可推断其意为“无冰箱的"，故 C正确。
2.[D] 事实细节题。在第2段中，说到“不会浪费东西”前，作者指出把吃剩的面
包和牛奶做成蛋糕，以防止浪费，故D正确。A、C在文中并未提及，排除;B
所述并非不浪费食物的原因，也可排除。
3.[B] 观点态度题。综观全文，作者对认为冰箱不是必 备品，最后一段更明确
指出，它对人类幸福的贡献微不足道，故可推断，消费者从冰箱中获益最少，
故B正确。
4.[A] 词义理解题。A中的hum指"发出嗡嗡声",表明冰箱产生的嗓音，是对环
境的负面作用，故正确。B、D只是指出冰箱在实际上没有必要使用的地区却
被广泛使用;C仅说明冰箱是对人工加热房间的影响，并不能说明其对环境的影
响，故排除。
5.[B] 观点态度题。考査作者的观点，可根据文中细节得出答案。第3段首提
到，冰箱对保存食物没有多大贡献，最后一段首则指出它对环境的影响已是显
而易见的，这些细节都表明作者对冰箱持批评态度。
Passage
A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and
psychologists is the influence ofgeography and climate on the psychological and
physical health of mankind.There seems no doubt that the general character of the
landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part
in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular
area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified .contributory
factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or
iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land thatprovide breeding places for pests
like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in
countries .with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than
inhabitants of countries where the climateis more equable(稳定的). And where the
olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and
spontaneous.But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence: of climate and
geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age?
Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament?
Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of
the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such .questions, but let us hope that something
of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to______.
A.alert readers to the scarcity of natural resources
B.call for more research on the influence of geographical environment
C.introduce different elements in character cultivation
D.draw more attention to the health condition of mankind
2.It can be inferred that proper amounts of iodine, fluoride and calcium can_____.
A.benefit people’s physical health
B. influence the quality of water supply
C.help provide breeding places for pests.
D. strengthen a person's character
3.How does the author evaluate the generalizations of people's types in Para. 3?
A.Such generalizations help us judge the different characters of people we meet
B.Such generalizations are not inclusive enough to draw a convincing conclusion.
C.Such generalizations prove that nature plays an important role in determining social
habits.
D.Such generalizations show that there are mainly two different types of people on
the planet.4.According to the passage, research into the influence of climate and geography
should ____.
A. focus on unknown aspects
B. be pursued on a larger scale
C. be carried out among remote tribes
D. go ahead in depth
5.What do we know about the generalizations of people’s type?
A.People who like drinking wine tend to be optimistic.
B.People who live in mountain areas tend to have a long life.
C.People who live in areas with stable climate tend to be talkative and lively.
D.People who like drinking cow blood tend to be strong and tall.
参考答案
1.[B] 主旨大意题。本文一开头就提出：关于地理环境对人的影响，研究得还不
充分。接下来的每段开头句也都进一步阐述这个观点，如第2段首句和第 4段
首句，结尾句又提出希望，所以正确答案为B.选项C 和D没有全面概括环境和
人两方面的因素。选项A完全与文章无关。
2.[A] 推理判断题。句中的good health与后面的contributory factors告诉读者选
项A是正确的。选项B中的the quality是无中生有。选项C中的provide
breeding places for pests在文中的主语是land。选项D中的character跟水中的矿
物质无关。
3.[B] 观点态度题。紧接第2段论证环境和健康的关系之后，第3段看似论述环
境和个性的关系，举了两种比较典型的环境和性格特征的例子,但是,第4段第1
句就把前面的表面现象给否定了，所以此题答案为B。其他三个选项立场都错
了。
4.[D] 事实细节题。作者在第4段第1句破折号后指出应对地理和气候的影响
进行更深人的研究，故选项D正确。
5.[C] 事实细节題。第3段第2句表明选项C 正确。这两段都提到了人的类型
的归纳,第3段中的归纳是正确的，而第4段中的归纳是有待考证的，因此,本题
要依据第3段描述的类型做出选择。Passage
Japan is getting tough about recycling—and not inthe paper and plastic kind of way.
Recently, thecountry requires that all electronic goods—TVs,VCRs, stereos, and
more—be recycled. But recyclingwill not beleft to consumers, instead, the devices
willbe sent to the original manufacturer for properdisposal.
The new law poses a few challenges to manufacturers who are now rushing to set up
collectionnetworks and perfecting techniques to disassemble and recycle older
products.With an eyetoward the future, they are also integrating easily recycled
materials into new products.Plastics, a major component of most
electronicproducts,pose a particular obstacle becausetheir quality becomes worse and
worse with age,losing strengthand flexibility even ifreprocessed.NEC Corp.
overcomes this problem by creating a plastics sandwich, in which thefilling is 100
percent recycled plastic and the outer layers a mixture of 14 percent
recycledmaterial.The resulting plastic has sufficient strength and toughness for use as
a case fordesktop PCs. The company, in cooperation with plastic maker Sumitomo
Dow, has alsodeveloped a new plastic, which engineers claim retains its mechanical
properties throughrepeated recycling. NEC uses the plastic, which is also flame-
retardant (阻燃的) in batterycases for notebook PCs.
Meanwhile, Matsushita Electric, maker of the Panasonic brand, is avoiding plastic in
favor ofmagnesium (镁). Magnesium, says the company, is ideal for re cycling
because it retains itsoriginal strength throughrepeated reprocessing. Matsushita has
developed moldingtechniques to form magnesium into the case for a 21-inch TV.
Unfortunately, the magnesiumcase and energy-saving features make the TV about
twice as expensive as an ordinarymodel.The company hopes, however, that increased
use of magnesium will eventually bringprices down.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the present regulations of Japan, the recycling of paper and plasticwill
be the responsibility of______.
A. the government
B. the manufacturers
C. the consumers
D. the sellers
2. Which of the following is NOT the character of plastics?
A. Most electronic products contain plastics.B. It retains its original strength through reprocessing.
C. Recycled plastics can be integrated into new products.
D. Plastics will lose flexibility after a certain period of time.
3.According to the passage, the term “plastic sandwich” refers to_____.
A. a kind of sandwich-shaped toy made of plastics
B. a kind of plastics with different integration in each layer
C. a kind of plastics with maximum strength and flexibility
D. a kind of plastics made of 100% recycled materials
4.In the passage, it is implied but NOT stated that_____.
A. disposing the plastics is one of NEC Corp’s businesses
B. magnesium is an ideal material for the case of TV
C.21-inch TV with magnesium case isn’t very popular so far
D. magnesium must be better than the plastics
5.The author writes this passage in order to_____.
A. inform
B. instruct
C. predict
D. persuade
参考答案
1.[C] 推理判断题。文章首段提到了电子产品的回收利用与纸张和塑料不同；本
段最后一句中的but表明了以上不同点在于电子产品的回收不依靠消费者，而
依靠生产者。结合以上两点，可以推断纸张和塑料的回收利用主要靠消费者，
因此选项C为正确答案。2.[B] 事实细节题。本题考査列举处。第2段第3句列举了塑料的特性，对照选
项和该句，就能发现文中明确提到选项A、C、D，而选项B显然与原文意思相
反。
3.[B] 事实细节题。本题考査复合句的理解。第2段第 4句是一个非限制性定语
从句，是plastics sandwich 的定义，选项 B是对该定语从句所述亊实的总结，
因此选项B正确。选項A在文中没有提及；选项C中的maximum是对原文
sufficient的曲解；选项D中的100%这一数据不准确，文中只提到plastics
sandwich里层是100%的再生塑料。
4.[C] 推理判断题。本题考査转折处。最后一段倒数第2句中的 Unfortunately
一词指出了用镁作机壳的电视机很贵，从而暗示它们并不受消费者欢迎，所以
选项C正确。选项A属原文明确表达的意思。本段第2句只指出镁是一种理想
的再生材料(ideal for recycling),因此选项B不对；全文并未比较塑料和镁哪个更
好，因此选项D不对。
5.[A] 主旨大意题。文中作者只是客观地描述亊实，吿知读者日本的电子产品
再循环使用的一些新变化和新技术，抓住这个主旨就能选出正确答案A。作者
并未发表任何个人观点，也未做出任何指示或预测。
Passage
For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an
intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and nowhere more so than in
Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (驯化).
The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the authority of kingship to its
rulers and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red
background.To the early Western visitors the countrys romantic name was “Land of
the White Elephant”.
Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai
elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has
found itself more or less abandoned by previous owners who have moved on to a
different economic world and a westernized society. And while the elephants
problems began many years ago, now it rates a very low national priority.
How this reversal from national icon (圣像) to neglected animal came about is a tale
of worsening environmental and the changing lives of the Thais themselves.
According to Richard Lair, Thailand’s experts on the Asian elephant and author of the
report Gone Astray, at the turn of the century there may well have beenas many as
100,000 domestic elephants in the country. In the north of Thailand alone it was
estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them
alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen. This was at a
time when 90 per cent of Thailand was still forest—a habitat (栖息地) that not only
supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people.Nothing ploughs through dense forest better than a massive but sure-footed elephant.
By 1950 the elephant population had dropped to a still substantial 13,397, but today
there are probably nomore than 3,800, with another 1,350 roaming free in the national
parks. But now, Thailand’s forest coversonly 20 per cent of the land. This
deforestation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephants difficult situation, for it
has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, so
the elephants role as a beast of burden declined.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. What can we know about African elephants from the passage?
A. It is easy to tame them.
B. It is hard to tame them.
C. They are living a better life than Asian elephants.
D. Their fate is quite similar to that of Asian elephants.
2. Thailand was once called “Land of the White Elephant” because_______.
A. white elephant is rarely seen and thus very special
B. white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s
C. white elephant has helped kings to gain the ruling authority
D. this name was so romantic that it was popular among visitors
3. Why is the Thai elephant “out of work”, according to the author?
A. Because the elephants are no longer useful to their owners.
B. Because their owners are westernized and neglect them.
C. Because the government pays little attention to the problem.
D. Because there are too many elephants and too few jobs.
4. Which of the following statements is true about the elephant population at various
times?A. There were 100,000 tamed elephants at the turn of the century.
B. 20,000 elephants were employed in transport in Thailand at the turn of the century.
C. By 1950 the elephant population in Thailand has been quite small.
D. Today the elephant population is estimated at 5,150.
5. The passage is most probably from_______.
A. a travel magazine
B. a history book
C. a research report
D. an official announcement
参考答案
1.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查对比处。根据文章第l段第 3句：和非洲象不同，
亚洲象容易驯养，言下之意就是：非洲象不易驯养。答案中用tame替代原文的
domesticate，意思相同。选项 A与原文意思正好相反;选项C，D原文根本未提
到。
2.[B] 推理判断题。根据文章第l段第4句中的“until the 1920s the national flag
was a white elephant on a red background.”可知当时白象是泰国的国家象征，因此
B为正确选项。本题最 具干扰性的是选项D，在形式上，选项D与第1段最
后一句极为相似，但是，游客这样称呼泰国，原因也是因为白象是泰国的象
征，而不只是因为这个名字浪漫，因此，选项D是对原文的曲解；选项 A和选
项C虽然也来自文章，但不是原因，不能回答所提问题。
3.[A] 推理判断题。文章有几处解释了大象失业的原因，如第2段的第 2句“a
nation that no longer needs it (Thai elephant)”及最后一段的最后一句“the elephant’s
role as a beast of burden declined”等。选项A是对这些解释的一个基本概括。选
项B 中westernized 和neglect虽在文章中出现，但选项B只是对想像的描述，
不能解释大象“失业”的原因。选项 C来自第 2 段最后一句话，但这句话只能说
明大象不再受重视，不能作为大象“失业”的理由。选项D原文未提及，而
且，从第3、4段可以看出：大象的数量急剧下降，谈不上“太多”。
4.[D] 事实细节题。此题考查的是大象数量变化的情况。四个选项中的数字惟
有选项D没有直接出现，但根据第 4段第 l句很容易推算出来。选项A 和B虽
用了原文的数据，但选项A忽略了may这个词，而且未点明泰国，故不妥。B
则忽略了in the north of Thailand及more than这两处。选项C中的small与原文substantial(大量的)冲突，也不对。
5.[C] 主旨大意题。从本文所用的大量客观的数据和数字可以推断这是一篇研究
报告。本文趣味性不足，因此不能选A。选项 B不能选，是因为历史书不可能
如此大篇幅的描述大象的问题。选项D也不是正确答案，因为政府公告通常是
一些规定，而不是客观的陈述。
Passage
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or
polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has
looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment---such as an office
building---can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which
was first recognized inthe 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings
with air-conditioning systems in which warmair pumped out of the system’ cooling
towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake (通风口),in mostcases due to
poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria,was combined with cooled,
conditioned air andwas then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies
showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air
exhaust pipes.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of
humidifiers (湿度调节器).Inolder systems, the water used for this process is kept in
special reservoirs, the bottoms of which providebreeding grounds for bacteria which
can find their way into the ventilation (通风)system. The risk to human health from
this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems (免疫系统)of
approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the
ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But
chemicals called “biocides”are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they
are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain
compounds strongly linked to cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-
conditioners canalso affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor,
there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has
long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or
working environment, however, body temperatures remain well under37℃, our
normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater
exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.What do we know about Legionnaires disease from the passage?A.It was the most widely concerned office hazard.
B.It can affect people both inside and outside the building.
C.It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings.
D.It does not develop in well-designed buildings.
2.In the old air-conditioned systems, bacteria first develop______.
A.in the reservoirs
B. in the ventilation system
C. in the humidifiers
D. in the air intake
3.The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria
may__.
A.relieve people’s worry about the danger caused by the bacteria
B.help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteria
C.reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteria
D.cause serious disease such as cancers to people
4.The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_.
A.caution
B.trust
C.enthusiasm
D.criticism
5.The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when _•
A.we live in an artificial climatic environmentB.there are variations in temperature and humidity
C.our body temperatures often remain not high enough
D.we are often exposed to diseases such as colds and flu
参考答案
1.[B] 事实细节题。本题主要考査复合句的理解。第2段最后一句表明 B是正
确选项。选项A中的most 和 C中的only都太绝 对了，文中并未对选项A和
C中的相关说法加以这样的限定。选项 D也太绝 对了，第2段第 3句只是说
到“大多数情况下是因为空调设计欠佳所致”，并不是说所有设计良好的大厦就
不会发生这种情况。
2.[A] 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。只要明白第3段第 2句这个非限
制性定语从句中的the bottoms of which中的which是指上文的reservoirs,问题就
不难解决了。
3.[C] 事实细节题。本题考查被动语态长句的理解。在第3段第 3句中，关键词
是highlight，选项C是对原句主谓部分的近义替换。选项A 和B在文中皆无提
及，选项D是过度使用生物杀灭剂的后果，与本题干的情况无关。
4.[A] 观点态度题。第3段最后两句讨论生物杀灭剂的用处，其中最后一句中
的but, dangerous和cancers等词说明作者认为要慎用这种杀灭剂。作者并没对
杀灭剂全盘否定，只是说过量使用会引发危险，因此选项D不对。
5.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查代词的理解。解题的关键在于理解最后一句中的
This是指上一句所说的情况。选项A中所说的人造环境不是使免疫系统变弱的
必然条件。选项B是保持免疫系统健康的条件。选项D是免疫系统变弱后的影
响。
Passage
Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six
If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly
from place to place.Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There
are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the
subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation--conversion of liquid
water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts
staybehind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be
left behind.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水), such as rain, by which water is
added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted(稀释) so that the salinity is
decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where riversflow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by
evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff(形
成地表水部分的降水).
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is
somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much
evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions whererivers dilute the sea, salinity is
somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and
melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In
this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity
than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to
decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a
result of this freezingprocess, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy
water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The best title of the passage can be “_____”.
A.Typical Oceans and Their Respective Features
B.The Causes of the Changes in Salinity of Ocean Water
C.Different Oceans Have Different Salinity
D.The Precipitation and Evaporation of Oceans
2.Which of the following processes will increase salinity of ocean waters?
A.Evaporation.
B. Precipitation.
C. Melting.
D. Dilution.
3.According to this passage, the sea _ is likely to have the lowest salinity.
A. in tropical areasB. off Antarctica
C. of high rainfall
D. with abundant
4.The Weddell Sea _____.
A.is a good example of increased salinity in freezing sea water
B.is much larger in area than the Arctic oceans
C.has a much lower salinity now than ever
D.has the denser water in its upper parts
5.Coastal regions are mentioned as cases where _____.
A.sea water is less salty because fresh water joins in
B.rivers carry industrial exhaust into sea
C.sea ice tends to melt more quickly than in the center of oceans
D. heavy water sinks to the deeper portions of the oceans
参考答案
1.[B] 主旨大意题。本文第1段第3句是全文的主题句，告诉读者有三种原因致
使海洋盐分变化并逐一介绍这三种原因，选项B比较全面地归纳了本文的主
题。选项A 和C中心词为oceans,不妥，选项 D只提及了前面两种原因，不全
面。
2.[A] 亊实细节题。只要明白第1段第5句中的in this manner是指第4句中的
evaporation，不难做出正确选择。选项B、C 会使含盐量减少，很容易排除。具
体的反证分别出现在第2段首句、第 3段尾句和第4段首句。
3.[C] 推理判断题。综合3种情况，造成海洋含盐量低的原因有：降雨多、日晒
少、远离热带和海冰融化，由此可推断选项C 最符合。A和 D是使海水含盐量
增加的，因此可排除。B是否一定海水含盐低，文中并未提到。
4.[A] 推理判断题。选项A是对最后一段第1 句的同义改写。同一句可知选项
C错。选项 B根本没有提及。文章最后一句表明D正好与亊实相反。5.[A] 推理判断题。coastal regions字眼在文章中提到两遍，分别在第2段第3
句及第3段最后一句。只要能够迅速査找到任何一处均可做出正确判断为A。
B和 C无原文支持；D张冠李戴，原文提及 D 内容涉及的是Weddell Sea，而非
coastal regions。
Passage
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that
extraordinary discovery of echolocation (回声定位) in bats to see a case in which the
voice plays a strictly practical role.
To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human
inventions. Everyoneknows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo
will come back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the
return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be
reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps
andthe receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So
was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid
object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A
shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step fromlocating the sea
bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it
is now possible not only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-
known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving
'he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on
which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often compared with radar, the principle
of which is similar.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. describe that animals can make different sounds
B. prove that animals' voices can play practical roles
C. inspire the readers to make more inventions
D. startle the readers with some shocking facts
2. The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPT
A. measuring the depth of the seaB. distinguishing different kinds of fish
C. improving the functions of radar
D. varying the size and nature of an object
3. By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para. 2), the author means
________.
A. only one special kind of fish can reflect sounds
B. only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a ship
C. a large group of fish can reflect sounds
D. a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship
4. As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally compared
with ________.
A. human languages
B. a mountainside
C. a shoal of fish
D. taps on a ship
5. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animals are more intelligent than humans.
B. Humans are more intelligent than animals.
C. Animals are often compared with human inventions.
D. Humans are often inspired by animals.
参考答案
1.[B] 主旨大意题。文章第1段就点明主题，明确指出以蝙蝠为例，动物发出的
声音有实际作用，只有B可以概括文章的这个写作目的。2.[C] 事实细节题。本题考査列举处，可用排除法解答。A、B、C在文中都有
相关提及。D利用第 2段中的varying制造干扰。在原文中，指的是回声因障碍
物的不同而不同，而D偷换概念、曲解文意，D中的varying为及物动词，意
为“改变”，显然不可能是回声定位的发现带来的功效。
3.[C] 词义推断题。本题考查对shoal的词义推测及代词this的理解。依据第2
段最后几句话，可推测出a shoal of fish指的是“海里的一群鱼”；this则是指上
一句提到的“任何固体都可以反射声音”，因此这句话表明一大群鱼就能像一个
固体一样反射声音。
4.[D] 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，蝙蝠发出吱吱声可以探测障碍物的距
离，而第2段也指出轻敲船体可测知海底的距离，因此在功能上，D与蝙蝠的
吱吱声相同。A中的human languages在文中未提到；B和 C在文中各自的例子
中充当的都是障碍物的角色，因此都不正确。
5.[D] 推理判断题。文章先说动物的回声定位功能,再说到回声定位探测仪的发
明，由此可见，是动物的某些能力启发了人类的创造，因此只有D可从文中推
测。文章并没有从智力方面比较人类和动物，因此可以排除A 和 B；尽管文章
说到了蝙蝠和雷达的原理相似，但是C中的often一词无据可循，且 C的说法
浮于表面，没有说到重点，故排除。
Passage
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic(脑电图的)sense we share it with
all the primates(灵长类动物)and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may
extend back as far as the reptiles(爬行动物).
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend
on the life style. of the animal, and that predators(食肉动物)are statistically much
more likely to dream than prey, which are inturn much more likely to experience
dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized(使固定不
动)and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much
shallower, and we haveall witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when
apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems
clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sensethat today, when sleep
is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep
sleepthan the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state
of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?
Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact
that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little.
There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than
increasing an animal's vulnerability, Ray Meddis of London University has suggested
this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals that are too stupid to be quite on their
own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm ofsleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is
an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A.Evolution of Sleep.
B.Two Types of Sleep.
C.The Original Function of Sleep.
D.Animals and Sleep.
2.Predators are ___________.
A.able to prey even when they are in deep dream sleep
B.more likely to experience dream sleep
C.incapable of preying when immobilized by dreamless sleep
D.good at preying on stupid animals
3.The example of dogs and cats in the second paragraph is intended to _•
A. explain which animals are mammals
B. show the differences between mammals
C. illustrate how shallow dreamless sleep is
D. reveal how smart they are
4.Compare with dreamless sleep, deep dream sleep is _______.
A. not the result of natural selection
B. less likely to appear to primates
C. more protective to the animals
D. at a higher stage of evolution5.According to some scientists’ research findings, dolphins seldom sleep because __.
A.of their stupidity
B.of their vulnerability
C.there are possible dangers in the ocean
D.aquatic mammals do not need sleep
参考答案
1.[A] 本文三段虽然讨论的内容各有侧重，但是都谈到了睡眠在各种动物中的
差异以及发展的历史，具体用词如下:第1段第1句中的 ancient,最后一句中的
extend back;第2段最后一句中的 evolved;第 3 段第1句中的original function。A
比较准确地归纳了本文大意。B只是概括了第 2段的内容;C只提及第3段的论
述内容;D 似乎涵盖了三段内容,但是过于宽泛,不够具体。
2.[B] 根据第2段第1句第4个分句可知应选 B。A的内容与该段第 2句相悖;C
中dreamless sleep应为dream sleep。D的内容文中没有涉及。
3.[C] 这个例子是为了证明无梦睡眠比较浅，即第2第 3句的前半句，所以选 C
比较合适。所有例子都是为之前或之后的话提供例证，因此,作者使用例子的目
的可以从该例子之前或之后的一句话找到。本题中，猫和狗的例 子是为了说明
其前面的一句话,其他选项与此无关,均可排除。
4.[D] 根据第2段倒数第3句及末句，可以推断与无梦睡眠相比，深睡不动处
于更髙的进化阶段。文中虽有提及无梦睡眠对于被捕食动物来说是一种自然选
择，但并不意味着深睡不动不是自然选择，因此A不正确;该句也 提到“笨拙的
动物与敏捷的动物相比，更少有深睡不动的时候”，primates属于 smart ones,因
此更有可能深睡不动,B与此相悖;文中暗示无梦睡眠使低级动物更警觉，从而起
到一定的保护作用,C正好与这种理解相反，因此也不正确。
5.[C] 最后一段第2句解释了第1句中所说的“海豚等睡眠少”的原因，C比较确
切地反映了文章内容。A、B、D三项都与最后一段开头两句表达的意思无关。
Passage
Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the
second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of
Architects.
Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-
winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces byHurricane (飓风) Hugo 10 years ago. In September1989, Hugo struck South Carolina,
killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly
constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect
Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new
shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes.The new beach
house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with
peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its
redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to
one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced
with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the
ground on timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand.
Pilings might appear insecure, but they arestrong enough to support the weight of the
house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to
run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at
tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said
Huff.
Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-
roof shell. “ The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s
standing with its pant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the
shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect
explained.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South
Carolina’s shore line are required ________.
A. to be easily reinforced
B. to look smarter in design
C. to meet stricter building standards
D. to be designed in the shape of cubes
2. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because ________.A. it is strengthened by steel rods
B. it is made of redwood
C. it is in the shape of a shell
D. it is built with timber and concrete
3. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to
________.
A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr
B. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
C. break huge sea waves into smaller ones
D. prevent water from rushing into the house
4. The main function of the shell is ________.
A. to strengthen the pilings of the house
B. to give the house a better appearance
C. to protect the wooden frame of the house
D. to slow down the speed of the swelling water
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.
A. fancy-looking
B. waterproof
C. easily breakable
D. extremely strong
参考答案
1.[C] 根据题目中的专有名词Hugo查找到文中第3段第 2句。句中的In Hugo’s
wake相当于题目中的 after Hugo，由该句是的stricter，better-enforced codes可
知C正确。2.[A] 第4段开始具体介绍the house，根据该段最后一句可知，这幢房子的木
制结构用长钢筋加固了，因而特别结实，故选A。
3.[D] 根据题干的数字可迅速定位至第5段首，第2、3句阐述这样做的目的是
“将房屋抬髙到暴风雨巨浪之上，及让巨浪能在屋下流过。”其中running into it
与D中的rushing into the house同义，故D正确。
4.[B] 最后一段第2句提出，外壳可以把木桩遮盖住，所以它主要起“粉饰”作
用。
5.[C] 根据最后一句可知，如果暴风雨巨浪涌来，外壳就会裂开，让巨浪在房屋
下面奔涌而过，因此外壳应该是“易碎的”。
Passage
New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a
“global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite
link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications
equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who
have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern
markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within
executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being
“out of sight and out of mind.” He or she canbe sure that the overseas effort is central
to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an
assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,
superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United
States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming
more and more prevalent (普遍的).
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business
applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into
international markets.
English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing
need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally
required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge
when other qualifications appear to be equal.
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an
opportunity to fast-forwardcertain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight toknow when it is better to move more slowly. Theemployee at the home office who can
communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an
obvious asset to the firm.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical.
B. Prejudiced.
C. Indifferent.
D. Positive.
2. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople
________.
A. have to get familiar with modern technology
B. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C. are attaching more importance to their overseas business
D. are eager to work overseas
3. In this passage,“out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means
________.
A. being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B. being totally out of touch with business at home
C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D. leaving all care and worry behind
4. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international
corporationsin employingpeople today?
A. Connections with businesses overseas.
B. Ability to speak the client’s language.C. Technical know-how.
D. Business experience.
5. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can
________.
A. better control the whole negotiation process
B. easily find new approaches to meet market needs
C. fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
D. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad
参考答案
1.[D] 事实辨认题。题目询问的是作者对于髙科技通讯设备的态度是什么。根
据文章的第1段特别是最后一句中的benefit,可推断作者是持肯定态度的，即答
案为D。
2.[C] 事实辨认题。根据第2段第1句中的who have a growing respect... abroad
可看出，随着髙科技通讯设备的广泛使用，商人们越来越重视海外商务的经济
价值,C与之一致。
3.[C] 语义推断题。根据第3段第2、3句中说的“他确信国外的事务对公司的成
功计划至关重要，派往国外时或之 后常能得到升迁。”可知，在海外的管理人
员不再会担心被遗忘而错过升职机会，因此“眼不见，心不念”即为C“在国外时
错过国内升职机会”。
4.[B] 事实辨认题。题目询问的是根据短文，当今在雇佣雇员时，国际化的公司
应该着重考虑什么。这是第5段的话题，其中核心词是language,只有B“会说顾
客的语言”符合。
5.[A] 事实辨认題。题目询问的是具有外语能力的雇员的优势究竟是什么。根
据最后一段第1句可知，“派往国外的雇员若能讲该国的主要语言，就有机会加
快谈判进程,而且能知道什么时候最 好放慢节拍。” A“具有外语 能力的雇员的
优势就是他们可以)更好地控制整个谈判的过程”与之一致，故为答案。
Passage
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the
disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was
appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth
teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during
which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’errors, of which there were 61 over the
tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost
23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail.
Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the
incident. When the officials got it right, theywere, on average, 17 meters away from
the action. The average distance in the case of errors was12 meters.The research
shows the optimum(最 佳的)distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees
were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors
was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of
refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on
the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher
argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be
misguided. If keeping upwith the action is not so important, their physical condition is
less critical.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_______.
A. review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B. analyze the causes of errors made by football referees
C. set a standard for football refereeing
D. reexamine the rules for football refereeing
2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.
A. slightly above averageB. higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C. quite unexpected
D. as high as in a standard match
3. The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
4. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.
A. the researchers involved in the experiment
B. the inspectors of the football tournament
C. the referees of the football tournament
D. the observers at the site of the experiment
5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
参考答案
1.[B] 根据第1段可知，球迷对裁判的裁决不满意，因此“A researcher was
appointed to study the performance of some top referees. 一名研究员被指定对一些
高级裁判的场上执法情况进行研究”,再加上文中error一词頻频使用，可见，目
的是分析裁判误判的原因，即B。
2.[C] 第3段说“在90分钟的标准赛中，每个裁判几乎犯23个错误，这是一个remarkably high number”, C与之一致。
3.[A] 第4段第2句提到，令人惊讶的是，裁判离犯规地点越近，错判的可能
性就越大,A为原文的同义表达，故选A。B项的干扰性比较大，但由下一句可
知，正确判断的平均距离是离犯规处17米。故并非越远，错判就越少，故排除
B。
4.[C] 根据第4段officials出现的上下文可以判断是指referees，其实这也是全
文主题词.故选C。
5.[B] 最后一段提到，如果紧跟着球员跑来跑去显得不那么重要的话，栽判的身
体状况也就不那么关键了。所以它的含义应为B “在选择足球裁判时，年龄并
不是首要考虑的因素"。
Passage
Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that
they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams
fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he
may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is
now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough,
can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden
illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of
pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be
more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides
that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of
chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual
may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these
very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may
seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases
which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their
worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of
nature" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)?
A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?
2. What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?
A. Pessimistic
B. Indifferent
C. Defensive
D. Concerned
3. In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of
pesticides _____.
A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D. is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming
4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.
A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s health
B. the present is more important for them than the future
C. the danger does not become apparent immediately
D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____.
A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cureD. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides
参考答案
1.[B] 题干的句子是文章第1段第3句，这是一个带有插入语的简单句，
contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反，因此答案为B。
2.[D] 第2段最后一句提到，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，
它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。因此，作者对杀虫剂对环境的影响关注
且担忧,D符合题意。
3.[A] 第2段第2句提到，杀虫剂使人突然发病或者死亡是很令人难过的亊，
对于人口整体来说，人类对杀虫剂长期累计的潜在后果的认识不足，才是最严
重的问题，故选A。
4.[C] 根据第3段倒数第2句说的“对未来的灾难无动于衷是人的本性”以及最后
一句说的"大多数人只对有明显迹象的疾病予以关注”可知C正是人们忽视化学
药物的潜在危害的原因，故选C。
5.[D] Dubos博士话中“最可怕的敌人”指的是“杀虫剂引起的潜在危险”，博士话
中的slowly approach them unnoticed直接表明 D正确。
Passage
Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of
human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his
diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many
doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn’t. After monitoring production of the
Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the
device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded
that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the
agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won’t end the request
for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting
it to an external power source createda passage for infection. Inventors are now
working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with atiny power pack, in
the patient’s chest. The first sample products aren’t expected for another 10 or 20
years. But some people are already worrying that they’ll work—and that America’s
overextended health—care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a
year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支)
cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the
nation’s health.
Choose correct answers to the question:1. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _____.
A. a technical failure
B. a technical wonder
C. a good life-saver
D. an effective means to treat heart disease
2. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _____.
A. has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B. will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C. may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D. can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
3. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______.
A. to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B. to be set fully in the patient's chest
C. to be equipped with an external power source
D. to create a new passage for infection
4. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _____.
A. doctors who treat heart diseases
B. makers of artificial hearts
C. America's health-care programs
D. New model of artificial hearts
5. Some people feel that ______.
A. artificial hearts are seldom effectiveB. the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C. the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D. America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
参考答案
1.[A] 文章一开头说Jarvik-7以前被认为是一大技术成就，但文章第1段倒数第
2句中提到,美国食品与药品管理局得出结论,认为这种仪器与其说是挽救生命,不
如说是将生命置于更加危险的境地。由此可知Jarvik-7是一个技术失败,故选
A。
2.[C] 文章第2段第1句提到，要求生产人造心脏的Symbion公司召回其销售
的人造心脏，这对该公来说或许是一种损失，但这一禁令不会终结人们对人造
心脏的需求。从这一句可推断出应选C。原文只提到政府禁止Jarvik-7这种型
号的人造心脏，A把范围扩大到了所有的人造心脏;B在原文中并未提及;D说的
对象不是Symbion公司，也可排除。
3.[B] 文章中第2段第3句提到，这种新仪器可以完全置于患者的胸腔内，B与
之相符，故选B。A在文中并未提及;C、D说的对象是Jarvik-7，故也排除。
4.[D] 从句子意思看，“向为数不多的瀕危病人提供” 的显然是上一句中的
sample products，即可与电源组一并植于人体内的new devices，故选D。
5.[B] 第2段倒数第2 句But some people are already worrying…这句话体现了有
些人已经在担心，为为数不多的垂危病人动用巨额资金购置新型的人造心脏是
否合算，而由该段最后一句可以看出作者认为这样的做法是不明智的，因此B
是答案
Passage
A breakthrough (突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European
Economic Community (EEC) could be brought froward by up to two decades, if a
modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s researcheffort in this field, according
to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s
scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.
The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy
programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research
spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per
cent of the Community’s energy requirements even after the year 2000. But hesaid
that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it
was possible thatthe breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three per cent of the EEC’s
needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for
imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more
advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share
of the Community’s future energy needs.
At present the EEC spends about $2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one
of the EEC’s official joint research centres, and another $3 millions a year in indirect
research with universities and other independent bodies.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. The phrase "be brought forward" (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably means "______".
A. be expected
B. be completed
C. be advanced
D. be introduced
2. Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on
______.
A. sufficient funding
B. further experiments
C. advanced technology
D. well-equipped laboratories
3. According to Mr. Gretz, the present sum of money will enable the scientists to
provide _____.
A. more than 3% of the EEC’s needs after the year 2000
B. only 3% of the EEC’s needs before the year 2000
C. less than 3% of the EEC’s needs before the year 2000
D. 3% of the EEC’s needs after the year 20004. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ?
A. The EEC spends one billion pounds on imported energy each year.
B. At the present level of research spending, it is difficult to make any significant
progress in the provision of energy from the sun.
C. The desired breakthrough could be obtained by the end of the next decade if
investment were increased.
D. The total yearly spending of the EEC on solar energy research amounted to almost
6 million.
5. The application of advanced technology to research in solar energy ______.
A. would lead to a big increase in research funding
B. would make it unnecessary to import oil
C. would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EEC
D. would provide a much greater proportion of the Community’s future energy needs
参考答案
1. [C] 本题可以采用排除法。A项“期望(突破)”不合逻辑;B项complete不能跟
breakthrough搭配;D项“引出(突 破)”句义不通。故只能选C。
2. [A] 由文章第1、2段可知，只要稍微增加科研经费，在利用太阳能方面可能
再过10年便可获得突破，故 A正确。B、 D 两项并未在文中提及;第3段提
到，如果采用先进的技术,可能在未来能满足欧共体更大的能源需求，但这并非
获得突破的条件，故排除C。
3. [C] 第2段首句提到，如果科研经费保持目前的水平，即使到2000年太阳能
也不可能供应欧共体所需能源的3%，C与之相符。
4. [A] 根据第3段第1句可知，10亿英镑是在太阳能提供给EEC所需能源的
3%这一前提下，每年可在能源进口省下来的钱，故A表述错误。本题也可以采
用排除法：B、C两项的内容出现在了第2段;D出现在第 4段中，均可排除。
5. [D] 根据第3段第2句可知，利用先进的技术能更大地满足欧共体未来的能
源需求，故选D。Passage
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They
see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed
to rust. Other authorities, however, thinkthe auto is here to stay. They hold that the car
will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should
become smaller, safer,and more economical, and should not be powered by the
gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present
types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in
urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the
automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop
from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway
trains electrically. Once attached to the rail,the car will become electrically powered
from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The
computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the
system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all
the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and
wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that
an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with
the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.
A. its power source
B. its driving system
C. its monitoring system
D. its seating capacity
2. What is the author’s main concern?
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D. How to develop an automated subway system.
3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A. A rail.
B. An engine.
C. A retractable arm.
D. A computer controller.
4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.
A. keep in the right lane
B. wait to arrive at his destination
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center
D. inform the system of his destination by phone
5. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Optimistic.
D. Cautious.
参考答案
1.[A] 推断题。从第2段首句可以看出第2段主要讲未来汽车的变化方向。该
段第2 、3句说它将变得更小巧、安全、节能，给它提供动力的将不再是汽油
发动机。而第3段也着重展望了未来汽车动力系统的新模式，故未来汽车一个
最重要的改进就在于它的能量来源，故答案为A。
2.[C] 事实细节题。第3段首句提到，未来的汽车仍将是令城市交通拥挤的主要问题而这也是作者最为关心的问题，C之相符。其他各项在文章中都提到过，
但并非the main problem，故排除。
3.[A] 事实细节题。文章第4段第1、2句提到，当汽车进入高速公路系统后,一
只自动伸缩臂就会从车上伸下来，搭上一根铁轨，这根铁轨类似于为地铁列车
提供电能的那些铁轨，一旦汽车连接到rail上，它就可以从中获得电能。因此
A正确。
4.[D] 事实细节题。最后一段首句提到，司机将通过电话发出指令，把目的地
输入系统。由此可见，司机可以使用电话来告知系统他的目的地，故选D。
A、B、C在文中没有提及。
5.[C] 推断题。根据第2段和最后一段(特别是最后一句)不难看出作者对于汽车
发展的前景持乐观态度，故选C。
